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Torquetti CG, Guimarães ATB, Soto-Blanco B. Exposure to pesticides in bats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142509. [PMID: 33032135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bats provide a variety of ecological services that are essential to the integrity of ecosystems. Indiscriminate use of pesticides has been a threat to biodiversity, and the exposure of bats to these xenobiotics is a threat to their populations. This study presents a review of articles regarding the exposure of bats to pesticides published in the period from January 1951 to July 2020, addressing the temporal and geographical distribution of research, the studied species, and the most studied classes of pesticides. The research was concentrated in the 1970s and 1980s, mostly in the Northern Hemisphere, mainly in the USA. Of the total species in the world, only 5% of them have been studied, evaluating predominantly insectivorous species of the Family Vespertilionidae. Insecticides, mainly organochlorines, were the most studied pesticides. Most research was observational, with little information available on the effects of pesticides on natural bat populations. Despite the advances in analytical techniques for detecting contaminants, the number of studies is still insufficient compared to the number of active ingredients used. The effects of pesticides on other guilds and tropical species remain poorly studied. Future research should investigate the effects of pesticides, especially in sublethal doses causing chronic exposure. It is crucial to assess the impact of these substances on other food guilds and investigate how natural populations respond to the exposure to mixtures of pesticides found in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Guimarães Torquetti
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães
- Laboratório de Investigações Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária 2069, Cascavel, PR 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil.
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Kobia FM, Preusse K, Dai Q, Weaver N, Hass MR, Chaturvedi P, Stein SJ, Pear WS, Yuan Z, Kovall RA, Kuang Y, Eafergen N, Sprinzak D, Gebelein B, Brunskill EW, Kopan R. Notch dimerization and gene dosage are important for normal heart development, intestinal stem cell maintenance, and splenic marginal zone B-cell homeostasis during mite infestation. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000850. [PMID: 33017398 PMCID: PMC7561103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooperative DNA binding is a key feature of transcriptional regulation. Here we examined the role of cooperativity in Notch signaling by CRISPR-mediated engineering of mice in which neither Notch1 nor Notch2 can homo- or heterodimerize, essential for cooperative binding to sequence-paired sites (SPS) located near many Notch-regulated genes. Although most known Notch-dependent phenotypes were unaffected in Notch1/2 dimer-deficient mice, a subset of tissues proved highly sensitive to loss of cooperativity. These phenotypes include heart development, compromised viability in combination with low gene dose, and the gut, developing ulcerative colitis in response to 1% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The most striking phenotypes-gender imbalance and splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma-emerged in combination with gene dose reduction or when challenged by chronic fur mite infestation. This study highlights the role of the environment in malignancy and colitis and is consistent with Notch-dependent anti-parasite immune responses being compromised in Notch dimer-deficient animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M. Kobia
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kristina Preusse
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Quanhui Dai
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nicholas Weaver
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Hass
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Praneet Chaturvedi
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Stein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Warren S. Pear
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhenyu Yuan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rhett A. Kovall
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yi Kuang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Natanel Eafergen
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Sprinzak
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Brian Gebelein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eric W. Brunskill
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Raphael Kopan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Navarrete-Meneses MDP, Pérez-Vera P. Pyrethroid pesticide exposure and hematological cancer: epidemiological, biological and molecular evidence. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:197-210. [PMID: 30903760 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are commonly used worldwide. The chronic effects of these compounds are of concern given that epidemiological studies have suggested an association with hematological cancer, particularly in children. However, the biological evidence at molecular and cellular levels is limited. A review on the molecular and cellular effects of pyrethroids is helpful to guide the study of the biological plausibility of the association of pyrethroids with hematological cancer. We reviewed studies suggesting that pyrethroids are genotoxic, induce genetic rearrangements, alter gene expression and modify DNA. All of these biological modifications could potentially contribute to the carcinogenic process in hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Pilar Navarrete-Meneses
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Human Genetics Department, National Pediatrics Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Pérez-Vera
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Human Genetics Department, National Pediatrics Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
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Jankowski MD, Moore ME, Hofmeister EK. An examination of the effect of aerosolized Permanone insecticide on zebra finch susceptibility to West Nile virus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:3376-3386. [PMID: 28722808 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is maintained cryptically primarily in avian (passerine) populations, where it is transmitted by Culex spp. mosquitoes. Mosquito-control measures currently include physical activities to reduce mosquito-breeding sites and the application of mosquito larvicides or aerosolized insecticides to kill adults (adulticides) when arboviral diseases such as WNV or Zika virus are detected in mosquito populations. Organochlorine, organophosphorus, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides are often used. Previous work suggests an effect of pyrethroids on the immune system in a variety of vertebrates. We examined the effects of exposure to aerosolized Permanone® 30:30 insecticide (permethrin and piperonyl butoxide in soy oil vehicle) at approximately 103 to 106 times potential environmental concentrations on the response of captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) to experimental challenge with WNV. Compared to vehicle control birds, WNV outcome was unchanged (65% of birds produced a viremia) in the "low" exposure (9.52 ± 3.13 mg/m3 standard deviation [SD] permethrin) group but reduced in the "high" exposure (mean 376.5 ± 27.9 mg/m3 SD permethrin) group (30% were viremic; p < 0.05). After clearing WNV infection, birds treated with Permanone regained less body mass than vehicle-treated birds (p < 0.001). The present study suggests that exposure to aerosolized Permanone insecticide at levels exceeding typical application rates has the potential to not change or to mildly enhance a bird's resistance to WNV. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3376-3386. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Jankowski
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, Washington
| | - Murray E Moore
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Erik K Hofmeister
- National Wildlife Health Center, US Geological Survey, Madison, Wisconsin
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Ye M, Beach J, Martin JW, Senthilselvan A. Urinary concentrations of pyrethroid metabolites and its association with lung function in a Canadian general population. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:119-26. [PMID: 26767521 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-102839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While there is increasing concern about the health impact of pyrethroid insecticides, little is known about their effect on lung function. In this cross-sectional study, urinary concentrations of pyrethroid (PYR) metabolites and their associations with lung function were examined among a Canadian general population using data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). METHODS Urinary concentrations of 5 pyrethroid metabolites (3-PBA, 4-F-3-PBA, cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA and cis-DBCA) were available for 5436 CHMS participants aged 6-79 years. Lung function parameters considered were forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between PYR concentrations and lung function in children (6-11 years), adolescents (12-19 years) and adults (20-79 years), respectively. RESULTS Almost all CHMS participants (99.8%) had PYR metabolites detectable in urine. In multiple linear regression analyses, 1 unit increase in log transformed urinary concentration (nmol/g creatinine) of total pyrethorid metabolites (ΣPYR) was associated with a 17.4 mL reduction in FEV1 (p=0.045) in children, a 37.1 mL reduction in FVC (p=0.05) in adolescents and a 0.3% (p=0.01) increase in FEV1/FVC ratio in adults. CONCLUSIONS These results show evidence of widespread exposures to pyrethroid insecticides among the Canadian general population. Pyrethroid exposures were associated with lower FEV1 in children, lower FVC in adolescents and relatively higher FEV1/FVC ratio in adults. Further research is necessary to confirm the potential effect of pyrethroid insecticides on lung function reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ye
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeremy Beach
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Zakirova Z, Crynen G, Hassan S, Abdullah L, Horne L, Mathura V, Crawford F, Ait-Ghezala G. A Chronic Longitudinal Characterization of Neurobehavioral and Neuropathological Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Agent Exposure. Front Integr Neurosci 2016; 9:71. [PMID: 26793076 PMCID: PMC4709860 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2015.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic multisymptom illness with a central nervous system component that includes memory impairment as well as neurological and musculoskeletal deficits. Previous studies have shown that in the First Persian Gulf War conflict (1990-1991) exposure to Gulf War (GW) agents, such as pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and permethrin (PER), were key contributors to the etiology of GWI. For this study, we used our previously established mouse model of GW agent exposure (10 days PB+PER) and undertook an extensive lifelong neurobehavioral characterization of the mice from 11 days to 22.5 months post exposure in order to address the persistence and chronicity of effects suffered by the current GWI patient population, 24 years post-exposure. Mice were evaluated using a battery of neurobehavioral testing paradigms, including Open Field Test (OFT), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Three Chamber Testing, Radial Arm Water Maze (RAWM), and Barnes Maze (BM) Test. We also carried out neuropathological analyses at 22.5 months post exposure to GW agents after the final behavioral testing. Our results demonstrate that PB+PER exposed mice exhibit neurobehavioral deficits beginning at the 13 months post exposure time point and continuing trends through the 22.5 month post exposure time point. Furthermore, neuropathological changes, including an increase in GFAP staining in the cerebral cortices of exposed mice, were noted 22.5 months post exposure. Thus, the persistent neuroinflammation evident in our model presents a platform with which to identify novel biological pathways, correlating with emergent outcomes that may be amenable to therapeutic targeting. Furthermore, in this work we confirmed our previous findings that GW agent exposure causes neuropathological changes, and have presented novel data which demonstrate increased disinhibition, and lack of social preference in PB+PER exposed mice at 13 months after exposure. We also extended upon our previous work to cover the lifespan of the laboratory mouse using a battery of neurobehavioral techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuchra Zakirova
- The Roskamp InstituteSarasota, FL, USA
- Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open UniversityWalton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
- James A. Haley Veteran's HospitalTampa, FL, USA
| | - Gogce Crynen
- The Roskamp InstituteSarasota, FL, USA
- Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open UniversityWalton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - Laila Abdullah
- The Roskamp InstituteSarasota, FL, USA
- Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open UniversityWalton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
- James A. Haley Veteran's HospitalTampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Venkatarajan Mathura
- The Roskamp InstituteSarasota, FL, USA
- Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open UniversityWalton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp InstituteSarasota, FL, USA
- Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open UniversityWalton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
- James A. Haley Veteran's HospitalTampa, FL, USA
| | - Ghania Ait-Ghezala
- The Roskamp InstituteSarasota, FL, USA
- Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open UniversityWalton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
- James A. Haley Veteran's HospitalTampa, FL, USA
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Ahmadi F, Ghanbari K. Proposed model for binding of permethrin and deltamethrin insecticides with ct-DNA, a structural comparative study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 106:136-145. [PMID: 24836888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the interaction of two synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, permethrin (PER) and deltamethrin (DEL), with ct-DNA has been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), circular dichroism (CD), competitive fluorescence, atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-vis spectroscopy, thermodynamic measurements, Fourier-transform infra-red (FT-IR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and two-layered ONIOM (our N-layered integrated molecular orbital+molecular mechanics) (DFT B3LYP, 6-31++G(d, p):UFF) molecular modeling methods. The last four methods were also utilized to study the binding of DEL with DNA. The results revealed that the PER may interact through partial intercalation and groove binding process while the PER only interacts through groove binding. Finally, the insecticides structure effect on interaction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ahmadi
- Novel Drug Delivery Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67145-1673, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67145-1673, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - K Ghanbari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azad University of Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67145-1673, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Zhang Y, Zhang G, Li Y, Hu Y. Probing the binding of insecticide permethrin to calf thymus DNA by spectroscopic techniques merging with chemometrics method. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2638-2647. [PMID: 23448177 DOI: 10.1021/jf400017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The binding of permethrin (PE) with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) in physiological buffer (pH 7.4) was investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy merging with multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) chemometrics approach. The MCR-ALS was applied to resolve the combined spectroscopic data matrix, which was obtained by UV-vis and fluorescence methods. The concentration profiles of PE, ctDNA, and PE-ctDNA complex and their pure spectra were then successfully obtained. The PE molecular was found to be able to intercalate into the base pairs of ctDNA as evidenced by decreases in resonance light-scattering signal and iodide-quenching effect and increase in ctDNA viscosity. The results of FT-IR spectra indicated that PE was prone to bind to G-C base pairs of ctDNA, and the molecular docking studies were used to validate and clarify the specific binding. The observed changes in CD signals revealed that the DNA turned into a more highly wound form of B-conformation. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (ΔH°) and entropy change (ΔS°), suggested that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces played a predominant role in the binding of PE to ctDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , No. 235, Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
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De Camargo MR, Barbisan LF, Martinez MF, Da Silva Franchi CA, De Camargo JLV, Spinardi-Barbisan ALT. Macrophage activity and histopathology of the lymphohematopoietic organs in male Wistar rats orally exposed to single or mixed pesticides. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2013; 48:607-613. [PMID: 23581695 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2013.775020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The noxious effects of low or effective dose exposure to single or mixed pesticides on macrophage activity and the lymphohematopoietic organs were investigated. Male Wistar rats were orally exposed to dichlorvos, dicofol, endosulfan, dieldrin and permethrin, either as single or combined mixtures during a 28-day study containing eight groups: one group received a semipurified diet (non-treated); two groups received a semipurified diet containing low dose mixture (dieldrin 0.025 mg/kg, endosulfan, 0.6 mg/kg, dicofol 0.22 mg/kg, dichlorvos 0.23 mg/kg, permethrin 5 mg/kg) or an effective dose mixture (dichlorvos 2.3 mg/kg, dicofol 2.5 mg/kg, endosulfan 2.9 mg/kg, dieldrin 0.05 mg/kg and permethrin 25.0 mg/kg), respectively; the other five groups received a semipurified diet containing each single pesticide in effective doses. At sacrifice, the thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Payer's patches and bone marrow were removed for histological analysis. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained to determine the phagocytosis and spreading indexes and tumoral necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO) and H₂O₂ production. Exposure to pesticide mixtures did not alter the percentage of macrophage phagocytosis and spreading, TNF-α production or the NO and H₂O₂ release when compared to the non-treated group. Neither was there any apparent evidence that a pesticide mixture at low or effective doses altered the histological structure of the lymphohematopoietic organs. The findings indicate that short-term treatment with pesticide mixtures did not induce an apparent immunotoxic effect in male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Rodrigues De Camargo
- a Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School , UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , São Paulo State , Brazil
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Proteomic CNS Profile of Delayed Cognitive Impairment in Mice Exposed to Gulf War Agents. Neuromolecular Med 2011; 13:275-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-011-8160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Domingues A, Barbisan LF, Martins PR, Spinardi-Barbisan ALT. Diuron exposure induces systemic and organ-specific toxicity following acute and sub-chronic exposure in male Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 31:387-396. [PMID: 21787709 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] is a substitute urea herbicide widely used on agricultural crops with potential mutagenic, teratogenic, reproductive and carcinogenic effects. Nonetheless, its toxic potential on the immune system needs a detailed assessment. Thus, in order to evaluate the adverse effect of this herbicide on lymphohematopoietic organs and macrophage activity, male Wistar rats were orally treated with Diuron at 125, 1250 and 2500 ppm for 14, 28 or 90 days. General signs of toxicity were observed in Diuron-treated groups (1250 and 2500 ppm), including reduced food intake and body weight gain, as well as higher relative weights for spleen, kidneys and liver (28 and 90-day toxicity studies) and elevated serum levels of ALT, albumin, total protein, creatinine and urea (28-day toxicity study). Diuron exposure caused a severe depletion of splenic white pulp compartments and cellularity, followed by a decreased number of CD4(+) T lymphocytes, increased extramedullary hematopoiesis and deposition of hemosiderin in red pulp. Despite alteration in macrophage spreading, the macrophagic activity was not significantly affected by the herbicide. Under these experimental conditions, the results suggest that Diuron exerts systemic and target-organ toxicity, mainly at higher concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Domingues
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Neta G, Goldman LR, Barr D, Apelberg BJ, Witter FR, Halden RU. Fetal exposure to chlordane and permethrin mixtures in relation to inflammatory cytokines and birth outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:1680-7. [PMID: 21235202 PMCID: PMC3085719 DOI: 10.1021/es103417j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We sought to characterize the relationships between cord serum concentrations of chlordane and permethrin pesticides, inflammatory cytokines, gestational age, and size at birth. Umbilical cord serum levels of trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane, cis- and trans-permethrin, piperonyl butoxide, and cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, GMCSF) were quantified in 300 newborns at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, MD (2004-2005). Principal component analyses were used to quantitate chlordane and permethrin mixtures and to identify independent cytokine components. Five cytokine components described 87% of the variance in cord serum cytokine levels; these (and predominant loadings) were as follows: (1) all 9 cytokines; (2) acute phase (IL-1β, IL-6); (3) anti-inflammatory (IL-10); (4) TNF-α; and (5) IL-1β. Of these, the TNF-α component was significantly associated with a 2-day decrease in gestational age. Chlordane was associated with lower levels of the pro-inflammatory IL-1β [β: -0.11 (-0.20, -0.02)]. Permethrin was negatively associated with the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 [β: -0.14 (-0.22, -0.05)]. Neither pesticides nor cytokines were significantly associated with birthweight, length, or head circumference, and pesticides were not associated with gestational age. Our findings suggest that chlordane and permethrin concentrations in cord blood may be associated with levels of inflammatory cytokines in the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gila Neta
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , 6120 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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Raina R, Verma PK, Pankaj NK, Prawez S. Induction of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rats chronically exposed to cypermethrin through dermal application. J Vet Sci 2009; 10:257-9. [PMID: 19687627 PMCID: PMC2801130 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2009.10.3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study was undertaken to study the effect of cypermethrin on oxidative stress after chronic dermal application. The insecticide was applied dermally at 50 mg/kg body weight in different groups of Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150~200 g. Significant (p < 0.05) increase in catalase activity was observed after 30 days of exposure. However, the superoxide dismutase activity declined significantly after 60 days of exposure. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and blood glutathione levels declined significantly (p < 0.05) after 30 days of cypermethrin dermal application. However, the activity of glutathione S-transferase increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all groups after 60 days of dermal exposure. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation was observed from 30 days onwards and reached a peak after 120 days of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Raina
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, R. S. Pura, Jammu-181102 (J&K), India
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14
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Ofordile ON, Prentice AM, Moore SE, Holladay SD. Early Pesticide Exposure and Later Mortality in Rural Africa: A New Hypothesis. J Immunotoxicol 2008; 2:33-40. [DOI: 10.1080/15476910590949452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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15
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Norval M, Cullen AP, de Gruijl FR, Longstreth J, Takizawa Y, Lucas RM, Noonan FP, van der Leun JC. The effects on human health from stratospheric ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007; 6:232-51. [PMID: 17344960 DOI: 10.1039/b700018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ozone depletion leads to an increase in the ultraviolet-B (UV-B) component (280-315 nm) of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the surface of the Earth with important consequences for human health. Solar UVR has many harmful and some beneficial effects on individuals and, in this review, information mainly published since the previous report in 2003 (F. R. de Gruijl, J. Longstreth, M. Norval, A. P. Cullen, H. Slaper, M. L. Kripke, Y. Takizawa and J. C. van der Leun, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2003, 2, pp. 16-28) is discussed. The eye is exposed directly to sunlight and this can result in acute or long-term damage. Studying how UV-B interacts with the surface and internal structures of the eye has led to a further understanding of the location and pathogenesis of a number of ocular diseases, including pterygium and cataract. The skin is also exposed directly to solar UVR, and the development of skin cancer is the main adverse health outcome of excessive UVR exposure. Skin cancer is the most common form of malignancy amongst fair-skinned people, and its incidence has increased markedly in recent decades. Projections consistently indicate a further doubling in the next ten years. It is recognised that genetic factors in addition to those controlling pigment variation can modulate the response of an individual to UVR. Several of the genetic factors affecting susceptibility to the development of squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and melanoma have been identified. Exposure to solar UVR down-regulates immune responses, in the skin and systemically, by a combination of mechanisms including the generation of particularly potent subsets of T regulatory cells. Such immunosuppression is known to be a crucial factor in the generation of skin cancers. Apart from a detrimental effect on infections caused by some members of the herpesvirus and papillomavirus families, the impact of UV-induced immunosuppression on other microbial diseases and vaccination efficacy is not clear. One important beneficial effect of solar UV-B is its contribution to the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D, recognised to be a crucial hormone for bone health and for other aspects of general health. There is accumulating evidence that UVR exposure, either directly or via stimulation of vitamin D production, has protective effects on the development of some autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. Adequate vitamin D may also be protective for the development of several internal cancers and infections. Difficulties associated with balancing the positive effects of vitamin D with the negative effects of too much exposure to solar UV-B are considered. Various strategies that can be adopted by the individual to protect against excessive exposure of the eye or the skin to sunlight are suggested. Finally, possible interactions between ozone depletion and climate warming are outlined briefly, as well as how these might influence human behaviour with regard to sun exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Norval
- Medical Microbiology, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
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16
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Prater MR, Blaylock BL, Holladay SD. Combined dermal exposure to permethrin and cis-urocanic acid suppresses the contact hypersensitivity response in C57BL/6N mice in an additive manner. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2005; 78:29-34. [PMID: 15629246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2003] [Revised: 07/20/2004] [Accepted: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin significantly suppresses contact hypersensitivity (CH) response to oxazolone in C57BL/6N mice. Additionally, cis-urocanic acid (cUCA), an endogenous cutaneous chromophore isomerized to its active form following exposure to ultraviolet radiation, modulates cell-mediated cutaneous immune responses. This study describes cutaneous immune alterations following combined topical permethrin and intradermal cUCA exposure. Female C57BL/6N mice were administered 5, 50 or 100 microg cUCA daily for 5 consecutive days. CH was then evaluated by the mouse ear swelling test (MEST) response to oxazolone. Decreased responses of 52.3%, 76.3% and 76.3%, respectively, as compared to controls were observed. Then, mice were co-exposed to 5 microg cUCA daily for 5 days and 1.5, 5, 15, or 25 microL permethrin, on either day 1, 3 or 5 of the cUCA treatment to evaluate combined immunomodulatory effects of the two chemicals, or cUCA daily for 5 days followed by permethrin on day 3, 5, or 7 after the last cUCA injection to demonstrate prolonged immunosuppressive effects. Two days after final treatment, mice were sensitized with oxazolone and MEST was performed. Mice receiving five cUCA injections and permethrin topically on cUCA injection day 1 showed up to 93.3% suppression of MEST compared to vehicle control. CH was suppressed by 87.5%, 86.6% and 74.2% in mice treated with 25 muL permethrin on days 3, 5 and 7 after cUCA, respectively, compared to vehicle control. Taken together, these data indicate co-exposure to cUCA and permethrin profoundly suppresses cell-mediated cutaneous immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Prater
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 2265 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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17
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Prater MR, Blaylock BL, Holladay SD. Molecular mechanisms of cis-urocanic acid and permethrin-induced alterations in cutaneous immunity. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2004; 19:287-94. [PMID: 14617103 DOI: 10.1046/j.1600-0781.2003.00058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Cutaneous cis-urocanic acid (cUCA) or ultraviolet B exposure has been shown to cause diminished cutaneous contact hypersensitivity (CH) and to induce systemic tolerance (increased regulatory T lymphocytes) in mice. Permethrin is also a known CH inhibitor, but the molecular mechanisms are currently poorly understood. In this study, CH was evaluated in four strains of mice: an immunosensitive strain (C57BL/6N), an immunoresistant strain (SvImJ), a strain developed from C57BL/6N mice but genetically altered at both the tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptors (TNFalphap55R and p75R), and a strain developed from C57BL/6N but genetically deleted at the interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) locus. METHODS CH was evaluated in each group via oxazolone challenge following a 5-day exposure to intradermal (ID) cUCA or a single exposure to topical permethrin, or co-exposure to both chemicals in 5-week-old female C57BL/6N, SvImJ, and C57BL/6N mice genetically altered at the TNFalpha or IFNgamma locus. RESULTS A 5-day exposure to ID cUCA or a single exposure to topical permethrin resulted in diminished CH response in C57BL/6N mice, and this effect was exacerbated with concurrent exposure to both chemicals. CH in SvImJ was both cUCA- and permethrin-resistant relative to C57BL/6N mice, as 5-day cUCA or a single exposure to permethrin did not diminish CH, nor did concurrent exposure to cUCA and permethrin. Mice deleted at both TNFalphaR loci displayed similar but somewhat blunted diminished CH responses to cUCA or permethrin. This trend became significant with combined chemical exposure. IFNgamma knockout mice displayed similar diminished CH responses to cUCA or permethrin alone. Unlike C57BL/6N mice, the IFNgamma knockout mice did not show a further reduction in CH with combined chemical exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the following: (1)Mouse strains show variable susceptibility to permethrin- and cUCA-induced immunomodulation. (2)TNFalpha may be involved in the immunomodulatory effects of cUCA and permethrin. (3)IFNgamma may be required for the more than additive depression of CH caused by cUCA+permethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Prater
- Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 2265 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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Prater MR, Gogal RM, Blaylock BL, Holladay SD. Cis-urocanic acid increases immunotoxicity and lethality of dermally administered permethrin in C57BL/6N mice. Int J Toxicol 2003; 22:35-42. [PMID: 12573947 DOI: 10.1080/10915810305070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory effects of a single topical permethrin exposure, 5-day exposure to cis-urocanic acid (cUCA), or a combination of the two chemicals were evaluated in 4- to 5-week-old female C57BL/6N mice. Permethrin alone decreased thymic weight and cellularity. Although cUCA alone did not affect thymic end points, coexposure to topical permethrin and cUCA exacerbated the thymolytic effects of permethrin. The single topical dose of permethrin also depressed several immune responses in isolated splenic leukocytes. This included splenic T-cell proliferative response to mitogen, splenic macrophage hydrogen peroxide production, and splenic B lymphocyte-specific antibody production. Unlike the effect of coexposure to these agents on thymic end points, cUCA did not exacerbate permethrin's adverse effect on any of the splenic end points examined. These results appear to suggest divergent mechanisms by which these compounds affect precursor and functionally mature T cells. At the doses used in this study, permethrin caused neurotoxic effects, including lethality, in a portion of the mice. For undetermined reasons, cUCA significantly increased the rate of lethality caused by permethrin. Although the permethrin doses used in this study exceed that typically used in human medicine, these results raise some concerns about the possibility that sunlight, via cUCA, may increase the risk of adverse central nervous system and immune effects caused by permethrin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Prater
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0442, USA.
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Prater MR, Gogal RM, Blaylock BL, Longstreth J, Holladay SD. Single-dose topical exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide, permethrin in C57BL/6N mice: effects on thymus and spleen. Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 40:1863-73. [PMID: 12419701 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory effects of single topical exposure to permethrin were evaluated in 5-week-old female C57BL/6N mice. Mice exposed to 5-25 microl permethrin (equivalent to 220-1100 mg/kg body weight) on shaved interscapular skin were evaluated for altered body weight; splenic and thymic organ weight and cellularity; thymocyte cell surface expression, cellular apoptosis; splenic macrophage phagocytosis and hydrogen peroxide production; splenic B cell antibody production and T cell cytolytic activity; and mitogen-induced proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes after in vivo or in vitro permethrin exposure. Topical permethrin application (25 microl) caused 32% inhibition of splenic T cell proliferation; in vitro exposure to permethrin also diminished splenocyte proliferation by 72% at 25 microM and 86% at 100 microM. permethrin did not appear to affect other leukocyte functional assays. Dose-related decreases in thymic cellularity of 52 and 80% were seen in mice exposed to 15 and 25 microl permethrin, respectively. Apoptosis was significantly increased in CD4(-)8(-) and CD4(-)8(+) thymocytes, and the CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocyte subpopulation was most severely diminished, suggesting possible chemical-induced apoptotic mechanism of thymic atrophy. Permethrin also caused splenic hypocellularity by 31% at 15 microl, and by 50% at 25 microl, an effect that may relate to inhibited proliferation or reduced seeding from the hypocellular thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Prater
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061-0442, USA.
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