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Jalili C, Ranjbar Shamsi R, Amiri B, Kakebaraie S, Jalili F, Nasta TZ. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of aflatoxin on the reproductive system: Focus on cell cycle dynamics and apoptosis in testicular tissue. Toxicology 2024; 504:153773. [PMID: 38484789 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are inevitable environmental contaminants that are detrimental to human and animal health. AFs interfere with metabolic processes, metabolizing into different hydroxylated derivatives in the liver, as well as mechanistically induce ROS accumulation, S-phase arrest, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis. Chronic consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated foods can adversely affect the male reproductive system, cause testicular damage, prevent testosterone synthesis, decline sperm quality, and cause infertility. Oxidative stress is the fundamental pathogenesis of aflatoxin-induced reproductive toxicity. The overproduction of reactive oxygen substances can cause testicular failure and disturb the process of spermatogenesis. Mitochondria are susceptible to being impaired by oxidative stress, and its damage is associated with infertility. AFs also disturb the process of spermatogenesis by disrupting the regulation of genes related to the progression of the cell cycle such as cyclins and inducing genes related to apoptosis, thereby weakening fertility and negatively affecting the testicular endocrine potential by suppressing androgen synthesis. Additionally, AFs downregulate ERα expression, potentially negatively impacting spermatogenesis by enhancing the apoptotic mechanism. In this review, we provide new insights into the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of AFB1 on the male reproductive system with a focus on the cell cycle and apoptosis destruction of testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Rahele Ranjbar Shamsi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Bita Amiri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Seyran Kakebaraie
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Faramarz Jalili
- School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Touraj Zamir Nasta
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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2
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Francis S, Kortei NK, Sackey M, Richard SA. Aflatoxin B 1 induces infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240907. [PMID: 38283584 PMCID: PMC10818061 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a subsidiary poisonous metabolite, archetypally spawned by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, which are often isolated in warm or tropical countries across the world. AFB1 is capable of disrupting the functioning of several reproductive endocrine glands by interrupting the enzymes and their substrates that are liable for the synthesis of various hormones in both males and females. In men, AFB1 is capable of hindering testicular development, testicular degeneration, and reduces reproductive capabilities. In women, a direct antagonistic interaction of AFB1 with steroid hormone receptors influencing gonadal hormone production of estrogen and progesterone was responsible for AFB1-associated infertility. AFB1 is potentially teratogenic and is responsible for the development of malformation in humans and animals. Soft-tissue anomalies such as internal hydrocephalus, microphthalmia, cardiac defects, augmented liver lobes, reproductive changes, immune modifications, behavioral changes and predisposition of animals and humans to neoplasm development are AFB1-associated anomalies. Substances such as esculin, selenium, gynandra extract, vitamins C and E, oltipraz, and CDDO-Im are potential therapies for AFB1. Thus, this review elucidates the pivotal pathogenic roles of AFB1 in infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies because AFB1 toxicity is a key problem globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sullibie Francis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ho Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box MA-374, Ho, Ghana
| | - Nii Korley Kortei
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Marian Sackey
- Department of Pharmacy, Ho Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box MA-374, Ho, Ghana
| | - Seidu A. Richard
- Department of Medicine, Princefield University, P. O. Box MA128, Ho, Ghana
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3
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Saleemi MK, Raza A, Khatoon A, Zubair M, Gul ST, Yongping X, Murtaza B, Muhammad F, Akhtar B, Jubeen F, Rizvi F, Zubair K, Ashraf A, Ijaz MN, Sultan A. Pathological effects of feeding aflatoxin-contaminated feed on immune status and reproductive performance of juvenile white leghorn males and its mitigation with ∝-tocopherol and Moringa oleifera. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:2156-2166. [PMID: 38055172 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was planned to detect the adverse pathological consequences of aflatoxin B1 in White Leghorn (WLH) layer breeder males. Eight-week-old male layer cockerels were separated into six experimental categories: A group was kept as negative control, offered with normal feed only; group B was fed with 400 ppb amount of aflatoxin, while groups F and D fed with normal feed and supplemented with vitamin E 100 ppm and 1% Moringa oleifera, respectively, whereas groups E and C were fed with 400 ppb aflatoxin containing feed and ameliorated with vitamin E 100 ppm and 1% Moringa oleifera, respectively. This study was continued for 2 months and immunologic disorders and reproductive parameters were observed during the trial. To find out immunological status lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) and carbon clear assay were performed by collecting samples from five birds from each group. The whole data was measured by ANOVA test, and group means were compared by DMR test by using M-Stat C software. Regarding the reproductive status, spermatogenesis, blood testosterone level, testes weight, testes histology, sperm motility, and morphology were negatively affected by aflatoxins, but these deviations positively ameliorated by vitamin E and Moringa. Vitamin E and Moringa found advantageous in boosting the immune status of affected bird. All the immunological parameters including antibody titers against sheed red blood cells, lymphoproliferative response to avian tuberculin and phagocytic potential of macrophages were suppressed by AFB1 however in control, Moringa and vitamin E groups these immunological responses were significantly higher.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Raza
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Shafia Tehseen Gul
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Xu Yongping
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bilal Murtaza
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jubeen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Rizvi
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Khawar Zubair
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Anas Ashraf
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Asim Sultan
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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Fasihi-Ramandi M, Bayat G, Kachuei R, Golmohammadi R. Effects of aflatoxin B1 exposure on sperm in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1629-1639. [PMID: 36001895 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2113766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to aflatoxin B1 can be associated with reproductive toxicity, accompanied by decreased sperm concentration in animal models. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the correlation between aflatoxin B1 exposure and sperm concentrations of male rodents (both mice and rats). According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 articles were selected to assess in the current meta-analysis. The random effects and pooled analysis indicated that sperm concentration was decreased in mice [MD sperm = -20.79×106/sperm/g testis (95%CI =-1.3 to -50.5)] and in rats [-24.34×106/sperm/g testis (95%CI: -7.60 to -44.35)] after exposure to aflatoxin B1 compared with control groups. A significant heterogeneity was found among studies (for mice I2=99.7%, %, P<0.000 and rats =I2=98.8, P<0.000). The findings of present meta-analysis showed the association between aflatoxin B1 exposure and a decrease in sperm concentration in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazal Bayat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kachuei
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Golmohammadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ashi H, Almalki MHK, Hamed EA, Ramadan WS, Alahmadi TFH, Alami OT, Arafa SH, Alshareef AK, Alsulami FS, Alharbi AF, Al-Harbi MS, Alqurashi EH, Aashi S, Alzahrani YA, Elbanna K, Abulreesh HH. Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria against Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity to Rat Organs. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1703. [PMID: 37512876 PMCID: PMC10385160 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxin (AF), a metabolite of Aspergillus flavus, is injurious to vital body organs. The bacterial defense against such mycotoxins has attracted significant attention. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to ameliorate AF toxicity. METHODS Thirty adult male rats were divided into six groups (five each) to perform the experiments. The control (Co) group was fed a basal diet and water. Each of the following periods lasted 21 days: the milk (MK) group orally received milk (500 µL); LAB suspension (500 µL) containing 107 cfu/mL was orally provided to the LAB group; AF (0.5 mg/kg) was orally given to the AF group; and a combination of AF and LAB was administered to the AF + LAB group. The AF/LAB group was initially given AF for 21 days, followed by LAB for the same period. Finally, the rats were dissected to retrieve blood and tissue samples for hematological, biochemical, and histological studies. RESULTS The results revealed a significant decrease in RBCs, lymphocytes, total proteins, eosinophil count, albumin, and uric acid, whereas the levels of WBCs, monocytes, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine kinase significantly increased in the AF group in comparison to the control group. The histological examination of the AF group revealed necrosis and apoptosis of the kidney's glomeruli and renal tubules, nuclei vacuolization and apoptosis of hepatocytes, congestion of the liver's dilated portal vein, lymphoid depletion in the white pulp, localized hemorrhages, hemosiderin pigment deposition in the spleen, and vacuolization of seminiferous tubules with a complete loss of testis spermatogenic cells. Meanwhile, protective and therapeutic LAB administration in AF-treated rats improved the hematological, biochemical, and histological changes. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed LAB-based amelioration to AFB1-induced disruptions of the kidney, liver, spleen, and testis by inhibiting tissue damage. The therapeutic effects of LAB were comparatively more pronounced than the protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Ashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal H K Almalki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas A Hamed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Wafaa S Ramadan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani F H Alahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Outour Tariq Alami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara H Arafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer K Alshareef
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S Alsulami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej F Alharbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manahil S Al-Harbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtehal H Alqurashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shirin Aashi
- College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khaled Elbanna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Hussein H Abulreesh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Jaćević V, Dumanović J, Alomar SY, Resanović R, Milovanović Z, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Franca TCC, Wu W, Kuča K. Research update on aflatoxins toxicity, metabolism, distribution, and detection: A concise overview. Toxicology 2023; 492:153549. [PMID: 37209941 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Serious health risks associated with the consumption of food products contaminated with aflatoxins (AFs) are worldwide recognized and depend predominantly on consumed AF concentration by diet. A low concentration of aflatoxins in cereals and related food commodities is unavoidable, especially in subtropic and tropic regions. Accordingly, risk assessment guidelines established by regulatory bodies in different countries help in the prevention of aflatoxin intoxication and the protection of public health. By assessing the maximal levels of aflatoxins in food products which are a potential risk to human health, it's possible to establish appropriate risk management strategies. Regarding, a few factors are crucial for making a rational risk management decision, such as toxicological profile, adequate information concerning the exposure duration, availability of routine and some novel analytical techniques, socioeconomic factors, food intake patterns, and maximal allowed levels of each aflatoxin in different food products which may be varied between countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Jaćević
- Department for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jelena Dumanović
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- King Saud University, College of Science, Zoology Department, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radmila Resanović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Milovanović
- Special Police Unit, Ministry of Interior, Trebevićka 12/A, 11 030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, 434023 Jingzhou, Hubei, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tanos Celmar Costa Franca
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-270, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Wenda Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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7
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New evidence for deleterious effects of environmental contaminants on the male gamete. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 246:106886. [PMID: 34774338 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The decreasing trend in human and domestic animal fertility in recent decades has resulted in the question of whether reduced sperm quality is associated with changes in global climate and the environment. Proposed causes for reduced sperm quality include environmental contaminants, which enter into the body of animals through the food chain and are transported to the reproductive tract, where contaminating agents can have effects on fertilization capacities of gametes. In this review, there is a focus on various environmental contaminants and potential effects on male fertility. Human-derived contaminants, particularly endocrine-disrupting phthalates and the pesticide atrazine, are discussed. Naturally occurring toxins are also addressed, in particular mycotoxins such as aflatoxin which can be components in food consumed by humans and animals. Mechanisms by which environmental contaminants reduce male fertility are not clearly defined; however, are apparently multifactorial (i.e., direct and indirect effects) with there being diverse modes of action. Results from studies with humans, rodents and domestic animals indicate there are deleterious effects of contaminants on male gametes at various stages of spermatogenesis (i.e., in the testis) during passage through the epididymis, and in mature spermatozoa, after ejaculation and during capacitation. Considering there is never detection of a single contaminant, this review addresses synergistic or additive effects of combinations of contaminants. There is new evidence highlighted for the long-lasting effects of environmental contaminants on spermatozoa and developing embryos. Understanding the risk associated with environmental contaminants for animal reproduction may lead to new management strategies, thereby improving reproductive processes.
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8
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Khattab MS, Aly TAA, Mohamed SM, Naguib AMM, AL‐Farga A, Abdel‐Rahim EA. Hordeum vulgare
L. microgreen mitigates reproductive dysfunction and oxidative stress in streptozotocin‐induced diabetes and aflatoxicosis in male rats. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3355-3367. [PMID: 36249986 PMCID: PMC9548372 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM) is a common chronic disease worldwide, which may be due to increased environmental pollution. Aflatoxin B1 is a likely inevitable contaminant in food and dairy products. Both DM and aflatoxicosis exert a deleterious effect on reproduction urging the exploration of various functional food for protection. This study investigated the effect of barley microgreen (BM) on reproductive disorders caused by DM with or without aflatoxicosis in male rats. Rats were divided into eight groups; G1 control, G2 barley, G3 aflatoxin, G4 aflatoxin‐barley, G5 streptozotocin (STZ), G6 STZ‐barley, G7 STZ‐aflatoxin, and G8 STZ‐aflatoxin‐barley. BM chemical composition revealed elevated calcium, iron, phosphorus, and vitamin A compared with barely seeds. Complete blood picture, lipid profile, serum oxidative stress parameters, relative testicular weight, sperm analysis, chromosomal aberration, and testis histopathology were performed. The lipid profile was altered significantly in G7. Oxidative stress was increased in G3, G5, and G7, whereas it was decreased in BM‐treated groups. Sperm counts were reduced significantly in aflatoxin and/or STZ groups but increased significantly in BM‐treated groups. Sperm morphological abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations were decreased significantly in BM‐treated groups compared with untreated groups. Testicular histopathology revealed moderate diffuse degeneration of seminiferous tubules in aflatoxin and/or STZ groups, which were alleviated in BM‐treated groups. In conclusion, aflatoxin and STZ together caused severe reproductive disorder and oxidative stress more than aflatoxin or STZ alone. BM diet reduced significantly oxidative stress and reproductive disorder associated with DM and aflatoxicosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S. Khattab
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Tahany A. A. Aly
- Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture Giza Egypt
| | - Sara M. Mohamed
- Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture Giza Egypt
| | | | - Ammar AL‐Farga
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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9
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Akça A, Kocabaş M, Kutluyer F. Glyphosate disrupts sperm quality and induced DNA damage of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2021; 39:413-422. [PMID: 35895946 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2021.1969180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a widespread pollutant, glyphosate (GLY) adversely affects the aquatic environment and can impair the reproductive ability and functions of fish. The purpose of the current study was to assess in vitro effect of GLY on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm cells. The sperm cells were exposed to different GLY concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 mg/L). Sperm motility parameters were analyzed with computer assisted sperm analysis. DNA fragmentation (%) was measured by the comet assay using fluorescence microscopy. With increased GLY concentration, sperm motility and duration decreased after exposure. DNA fragmentation (% DNA in tail) in sperm cells was higher in treatments containing GLY than control (p < 0.05). Consequently, sperm cells are sensitive to low doses of GLY, and this can negatively affect natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Akça
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Forestry, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kocabaş
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Forestry, Trabzon, Turkey
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10
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Faisal K, Akbarsha MA. Observations on Dag-like defect of spermatozoa induced by treatment of the phytotherapeutic Quassia amara/quassin in the mouse model. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14046. [PMID: 33756011 DOI: 10.1111/and.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gross alterations in the morphology of spermatozoa, teratozoospermia, invariably render them incapable of fertilisation. One of the contributory factors to teratozoospermia is failure of spermatozoon to shed the cytoplasmic droplet even after their arrival at epididymis. Quassia amara and quassin are of medicinal value with special reference to malaria. Nevertheless, there are also reports implicating Quassia/quassin in male reproductive toxicity. We were interested in finding if its therapeutic application would jeopardise male fertility. So, we tested it for male reproductive toxicity by analysing, among other aspects, abnormal sperm morphologies, and made a systematic analysis of the spermatozoa of treated mice before they are spermiated and until they arrive at the cauda epididymis. The spermatozoa not only failed to shed the cytoplasmic droplet during epididymal transit but swell to a very large size and were angulated, resulting in Dag-like defect or lasso shape. A link between cytoplasmic droplet that was retained and lasso shape of tail was indicated. This article traces the structural changes in spermatozoa that lead to angulation, flexion and coiling of the tail, caused due to retention of cytoplasmic droplet, and explains one of the mechanisms of toxicant-induced teratozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunnathodi Faisal
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Mohammad Abdulkader Akbarsha
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India.,Department of Biotechnology & Research Coordinator, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, India
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11
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Mohammadi S, Keshavarzi M, Kazemi A, Berizi E, Mohsenpour MA, Ghaffarian‐Bahraman A. Occurrence of aflatoxin M 1 in yogurt of five countries in west Asia region: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Majid Keshavarzi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences Sabzevar Iran
| | - Asma Kazemi
- Nutrition Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Enayat Berizi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohsenpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Ali Ghaffarian‐Bahraman
- Occupational Environment Research Center Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Rafsanjan Iran
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12
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Fan T, Xie Y, Ma W. Research progress on the protection and detoxification of phytochemicals against aflatoxin B 1-Induced liver toxicity. Toxicon 2021; 195:58-68. [PMID: 33716068 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent hepatotoxic toxin, which can cause hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver immunological damage. It has been involved in the etiology of human hepatocellular carcinoma. AFB1 can cause oxidative stress in the body's metabolism process, and then cause cytotoxicity, such as apoptosis and DNA damage. Scientific research has discovered that phytochemicals can induce the detoxification pathway of AFB1 through its biotransformation, thereby reducing the damage of AFB1 to the human body. In clinical treatment, certain phytochemicals have been effectively used in the treatment of liver injury due to the advantages of multiple targets, multiple pathways, low toxicity and side effects. Therefore, the article summarizes the toxic mechanism of AFB1-induced hepatoxicity, and the related research progress of phytochemicals for preventing and treating its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. We also look forward to the existing problems and application prospects of phytochemicals in the pharmaceutical industry, in order to provide theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of AFB1 poisoning in future research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weibin Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
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13
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Huang W, Liu M, Xiao B, Zhang J, Song M, Li Y, Cao Z. Aflatoxin B 1 disrupts blood-testis barrier integrity by reducing junction protein and promoting apoptosis in mice testes. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 148:111972. [PMID: 33421461 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is an unavoidable food and environmental contaminant, which can lead to disorders in spermatogenesis and its mechanism remains unclear. The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is responsible for ensuring normal spermatogenesis in testes. Therefore, we hypothesized that disruption of the BTB was involved in AFB1-induced spermatogenesis disorders. To confirm our hypothesis, male Kunming mice were orally gavaged AFB1 (0, 0.375, 0.75, or 1.5 mg/kg) for 30 days. Primarily, we first proved that AFB1 disrupted the BTB integrity. Then, AFB1 decreased BTB-related junction protein expression and elevated Sertoli cell apoptosis, which were associated with oxidative stress. Additionally, AFB1 upregulated the p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK ratio. These results collectively indicated that AFB1 disrupted the BTB via reducing the expression of BTB-related junction protein and promoting apoptosis in mice testes, which were associated with the oxidative stress-mediated p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bonan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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14
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Faisal K, Akbarsha MA. Role of aposomes and epididymosomes in sperm quality control: A light and transmission electron microscopic study in an experimental rat model. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13862. [PMID: 33108830 DOI: 10.1111/and.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The epididymis responds to adverse conditions of misshapen spermatozoa resulting from pathological changes or toxic insults by secretion of a dense matrix that segregates the latter for complete disintegration and dissolution. The objective of this study was to find the source of this matrix and the role-player of disintegration and dissolution of misshapen spermatozoa. We chose Wistar strain male rat model to tackle this issue, and the rats were administered with aflatoxin B1 for 55 days so as to increase the incidence of misshapen spermatozoa. At the end of the treatment, different segments of epididymis were processed for microscopic observations. We found that parallel with abundant misshapen spermatozoa in the epididymis the principal cells of the initial segment secrete enormous membrane-bound apical blebs called aposomes, which contain epididymosomes. The aposomes were found to coalesce so as for the content to merge and form a dense matrix that entangles the misshapen spermatozoa and segregates them from viable spermatozoa. The epididymosomes associate with the misshapen spermatozoa, and the latter is processed to disintegration and total dissolution. Therefore, we assign the role of segregation of misshapen spermatozoa from viable ones to the dense matrix of aposomes and their disintegration and dissolution to the epididymosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunnathodi Faisal
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Mohammad Abdulkader Akbarsha
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India.,Department of Biotechnology, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, India
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15
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Roth Z, Komsky-Elbaz A, Kalo D. Effect of environmental contamination on female and male gametes - A lesson from bovines. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20200041. [PMID: 33029217 PMCID: PMC7534576 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) and foodborne contaminants are environmental pollutants that are considered reproductive toxicants due to their deleterious effects on female and male gametes. Among the EDCs, the phthalate plasticizers are of growing concern. In-vivo and in-vitro models indicate that the oocyte is highly sensitive to phthalates. This review summarizes the effects of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and its major metabolite mono(2-ethyhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on the oocyte. MEHP reduces the proportion of oocytes that fertilize, cleave and develop to the blastocyst stage. This is associated with negative effects on meiotic progression, and disruption of cortical granules, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial reorganization. MEHP alters mitochondrial membrane polarity, increases reactive oxygen species levels and induces alterations in genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation. A carryover effect from the oocyte to the blastocyst is manifested by alterations in the transcriptomic profile of blastocysts developed from MEHP-treated oocytes. Among foodborne contaminants, the pesticide atrazine (ATZ) and the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are of high concern. The potential hazards associated with exposure of spermatozoa to these contaminants and their carryover effect to the blastocyst are described. AFB1 and ATZ reduce spermatozoa's viability, as reflected by a high proportion of cells with damaged plasma membrane; induce acrosome reaction, expressed as damage to the acrosomal membrane; and interfere with mitochondrial function, characterized by hyperpolarization of the membrane. ATZ and AFB1-treated spermatozoa show a high proportion of cells with fragmented DNA. Exposure of spermatozoa to AFB1 and ATZ reduces fertilization and cleavage rates, but not that of blastocyst formation. However, fertilization with AFB1- or ATZ-treated spermatozoa impairs transcript expression in the formed blastocysts, implying a carryover effect. Taken together, the review indicates the risk of exposing farm animals to environmental contaminants, and their deleterious effects on female and male gametes and the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Roth
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alisa Komsky-Elbaz
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dorit Kalo
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Cai M, Qian Y, Chen N, Ling T, Wang J, Jiang H, Wang X, Qi K, Zhou Y. Detoxification of aflatoxin B1 by Stenotrophomonas sp. CW117 and characterization the thermophilic degradation process. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114178. [PMID: 32097790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are high toxic, widely distributed contaminants in foodstuff. In this study, a aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) degrading strain S. acidoaminiphila CW117 was screened, and its detoxification characteristics were investigated. Substrate AFB1 at 45 μg/L was degraded by CW117 within 24 h; meanwhile, 4.1 mg/L AFB1 was almost degraded within 48 h. After 24 h degradation, the biotoxicity of the detoxified culture was eliminated. Strain CW117 efficient degradation to AFB1 (especially to low AFB1 concentrations) suggested its potential significance to detoxification development on food and feedstuff. The active degradation components present in the cell-free supernatant. The degradation ratio increased constantly with increasing incubation temperature raised (0-90 °C) and was even stable at 90 °C. Degradation was optimal at pH 6-7, and was only partially inhibited by metal-chelators (EDTA and EGTA), proteinase K, and a protein denaturant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS). The recombinant laccase rLC1 (0.5 mg/mL) from CW117 degraded 29.3% of AFB1 within 24 h; however, the cell-free supernatant degraded 76.7% of the toxin in same time, with much lower protein content. The results indicated the CW117 degrades AFB1 via a combination of enzymes and micro-molecule oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Heifei, 230036, China
| | - Yingying Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Heifei, 230036, China
| | - Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Heifei, 230036, China
| | - Tiejun Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Heifei, 230036, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Heifei, 230036, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Heifei, 230036, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Heifei, 230036, China
| | - Kezong Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Heifei, 230036, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Heifei, 230036, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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17
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Kutluyer F, Çakir Sahilli Y, Kocabaş M, Aksu Ö. Sperm quality and oxidative stress in chub Squalius orientalis and Padanian barbel Barbus plebejus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) after in vitro exposure to low doses of bisphenol A. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:8-13. [PMID: 32050812 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1726379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In an aquatic environment, the presence of Bisphenol A (BPA) adversely affects reproduction, biology, behavior, gonads, and early larval development of fish due to being endocrine-disrupting compound. In addition, the detected concentration of BPA in water bodies is reported to be higher than 0.41 μg/L. As an alternative tool, sperm cells are used in toxicological assays for the reliable and practical assessment. For these reasons, we examined the effects of in vitro exposure of BPA on sperm quality of chub Squalius oriantalis and Padanian barbel Barbus plebejus. Spermatozoa were exposed to lower concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 µg/L) of BPA for 2 h. The enzymatic activities [glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and lipid peroxidation (MDA) were evaluated in spermatozoa. The results demonstrated that BPA exposure significantly decreased activities of SOD and GSH-Px but increased CAT activity and lipid peroxidation (MDA). Compared to control, the percentage and duration of sperm motility significantly decreased. Overall, spermatozoa clearly showed the sensitivity to lower concentrations of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeliz Çakir Sahilli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Munzur University, Tunceli Vacation School, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kocabaş
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Önder Aksu
- Fisheries Faculty, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
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18
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Huang W, Cao Z, Yao Q, Ji Q, Zhang J, Li Y. Mitochondrial damage are involved in Aflatoxin B 1-induced testicular damage and spermatogenesis disorder in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 701:135077. [PMID: 31733399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is an unavoidable environmental pollutants, which seriously endangers human and animal health. AFB1 has male reproductive toxicity, yet the underlying mechanisms remain inconclusive. Mitochondra are a kind of crucial organelle for maintaining spermatogenesis in testis. Thus, we hypothesized that AFB1 can impair mitochondria to aggravate testicular damage and spermatogenesis disorder. To verify this hypothesis, 48 male mice were intragastrically administered with 0, 0.375, 0.75 or 1.5 mg/kg body weight AFB1 for 30 days, respectively. In this study, we found AFB1 caused testicular histopathological lesions and spermatogenesis abnormalities, with the elevation of oxidative stress (increased H2O2, whereas decreased SOD and GSH). Significant mitochondria structure damage of germ cells and Leydig cells, MMP loss, ATP contents reduction, and inhibited activities of mitochondrial complexes I-IV in mice testis were found in AFB1 treatment groups. Besides, AFB1 inhibited mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics, presenting as the decreased mRNA and protein expressions of PGC-1α, Nrf1, Tfam, Drp1, Fis1, Mfn1 and Opa1. The results revealed that the mitochondrial damage were involved in AFB1-induced testicular damage and spermatogenesis disorder, providing a considerable direction to clarify potential mechanisms of AFB1 reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qiucheng Yao
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Qiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Peles F, Sipos P, Győri Z, Pfliegler WP, Giacometti F, Serraino A, Pagliuca G, Gazzotti T, Pócsi I. Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2861. [PMID: 31921041 PMCID: PMC6917664 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are wide-spread harmful carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species, which cause serious feed and food contaminations and affect farm animals deleteriously with acute or chronic manifestations of mycotoxicoses. On farm, both pre-harvest and post-harvest strategies are applied to minimize the risk of aflatoxin contaminations in feeds. The great economic losses attributable to mycotoxin contaminations have initiated a plethora of research projects to develop new, effective technologies to prevent the highly toxic effects of these secondary metabolites on domestic animals and also to block the carry-over of these mycotoxins to humans through the food chain. Among other areas, this review summarizes the latest findings on the effects of silage production technologies and silage microbiota on aflatoxins, and it also discusses the current applications of probiotic organisms and microbial products in feeding technologies. After ingesting contaminated foodstuffs, aflatoxins are metabolized and biotransformed differently in various animals depending on their inherent and acquired physiological properties. These mycotoxins may cause primary aflatoxicoses with versatile, species-specific adverse effects, which are also dependent on the susceptibility of individual animals within a species, and will be a function of the dose and duration of aflatoxin exposures. The transfer of these undesired compounds from contaminated feed into food of animal origin and the aflatoxin residues present in foods become an additional risk to human health, leading to secondary aflatoxicoses. Considering the biological transformation of aflatoxins in livestock, this review summarizes (i) the metabolism of aflatoxins in different animal species, (ii) the deleterious effects of the mycotoxins and their derivatives on the animals, and (iii) the major risks to animal health in terms of the symptoms and consequences of acute or chronic aflatoxicoses, animal welfare and productivity. Furthermore, we traced the transformation and channeling of Aspergillus-derived mycotoxins into food raw materials, particularly in the case of aflatoxin contaminated milk, which represents the major route of human exposure among animal-derived foods. The early and reliable detection of aflatoxins in feed, forage and primary commodities is an increasingly important issue and, therefore, the newly developed, easy-to-use qualitative and quantitative aflatoxin analytical methods are also summarized in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Peles
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Sipos
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Győri
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Walter P. Pfliegler
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pagliuca
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Teresa Gazzotti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Huang W, Cao Z, Zhang J, Ji Q, Li Y. Aflatoxin B 1 promotes autophagy associated with oxidative stress-related PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in mice testis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113317. [PMID: 31610502 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a hazard environmental pollutants and the most toxic one of all the aflatoxins. AFB1 can cause a serious impairment to testicular development and spermatogenesis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain inconclusive. Oxidative stress acts as a master mechanism of AFB1 toxicity, and can promote autophagy. Abnormal autophagy resulted in testicular damage and spermatogenesis disorders. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of AFB1 on autophagy in mice testis and its potential mechanisms. In this study, male mice were intragastrically administered with 0, 0.375, 0.75 or 1.5 mg/kg body weight AFB1 for 30 days. We found that AFB1 induced testicular damage, reduced serum testosterone level and impaired sperm quality accompanied with the elevation of oxidative stress and germ cell apoptosis. Interestingly, we observed increasing numbers of autophagosomes in AFB1-exposed mice testis. Meanwhile, AFB1 caused testis abnormal autophagy with the characterization of increased expressions of LC3, Beclin-1, Atg5 and p62. Furthermore, AFB1 downregulated the expressions of PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR in mice testis. Taken together, our data indicated AFB1 induced testicular damage and promoted autophagy, which were associated with oxidative stress-related PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in mice testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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21
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Marijani E, Charo-Karisa H, Gnonlonfin GJB, Kigadye E, Okoth S. Effects of aflatoxin B 1 on reproductive performance of farmed Nile tilapia. Int J Vet Sci Med 2019; 7:35-42. [PMID: 31692918 PMCID: PMC6818110 DOI: 10.1080/23144599.2019.1678315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on growth, milt and egg quality in matured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Triplicate groups of Nile tilapia (initial body weight 24.1 ± 2.6 g) were fed with either of four diets (Diets 1 to 4) designed to contain 0, 20, 200 and 2000 μg AFB1 kg−1 diets for 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of AFB1 exposure, growth was significantly (P <0.05) different between the control and the AFB1 exposed treatments in both sexes. No significant differences were observed in 17β-oestradiol, absolute fecundity, oocytes volume and diameters between AFB1 exposure groups and the control group. However, we observed a significant reduction in relative fecundity and gonad somatic index (GSI) in females fed 2000 μg AFB1 kg−1 diet. On the other hand, we observed significant differences (P <0.05) in gonadosomatic index (GSI), testosterone, milt count and motility between males in the control group and AFB1 treatments. We conclude that rearing Nile tilapia with aflatoxin-contaminated diets for a prolonged period affects milt quality, fecundity (at higher doses) and growth performance. This implies that for optimal seed production, provision of aflatoxin free diets should be part of the management practices in Nile tilapia hatcheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Marijani
- Open University of Tanzania, Department of Food and Nutrition, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Kigadye
- Open University of Tanzania, Department of Food and Nutrition, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sheila Okoth
- School of Biological Science, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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22
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Singh C, Prakash C, Mishra P, Tiwari KN, Mishra SK, More RS, Kumar V, Singh J. Hepatoprotective efficacy of Premna integrifolia L. leaves against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in mice. Toxicon 2019; 166:88-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abdel-Wahhab MA, El-Nekeety AA, Hassan NS, Gibriel AAY, Abdel-Wahhab KG. Encapsulation of cinnamon essential oil in whey protein enhances the protective effect against single or combined sub-chronic toxicity of fumonisin B 1 and/or aflatoxin B 1 in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:29144-29161. [PMID: 30112645 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are fungal metabolites that frequently co-occur in foodstuffs and are responsible for mycotoxicosis and several primary cancers. Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) has a spacious range of benefit effects but also has some limitations owing to its strong taste or its interaction with some drugs. This study aimed to use the cinnamon oil emulsion droplets (COED) for the protection against oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats sub-chronically exposed to FB1 and/or AFB1. The composition of CEO was identified using GC-MS then was encapsulated using whey protein as wall material. Male rats were divided into eight groups and treated orally for 8 weeks as follows: control group, AFB1-trreated group (80 μg/kg b.w), FB1-treated group (100 mg/kg b.w), FB1 plus AFB1-treated group, and the groups treated with COED plus FB1 and/or AFB1. Blood and samples of the kidney, liver, and testis were collected for different analysis and histopathological examination. The GC-MS analysis revealed that cinnamaldehyde, α-copaene, trans-cinnamaldehyde, caryophyllene, and delta-cadinene were the main compounds in COE. The average size of COED was 235 ± 1.4 nm and the zeta potential was - 6.24 ± 0.56. Treatment with FB1 and/or AFB1 induced significant disturbances in the serum biochemical analysis, oxidative stress parameters, DNA fragmentation, gene expression, and testosterone and severe pathological changes in the tested organs. Moreover, treatment with both mycotoxins induced synergistic toxic effects. COED did not induce toxic effects and could normalize the majority of the tested parameters and improve the histological picture in rats treated with FB1 and/or AFB1. It could be concluded that COED induce potential protective effects against the single or combined exposure to FB1 and AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A Y Gibriel
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
- Center of Drug Research & Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
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Ata A, Yildiz-Gulay O, Güngör S, Balic A, Gulay M. The effect of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) bean extract on male New Zealand White rabbit semen. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2018.10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
<p>The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) grows naturally in the Mediterranean region. The empiric use of carob cures for their aphrodisiac properties is very common in Turkey. Thus, the experiment was conducted to determine the effects of carob bean extracts on some reproductive parameters in male New Zealand White rabbits. During the adaptation period (stage 1), 6-8 mo old rabbits were trained in semen collection for 30 d. At the beginning of the treatment period (stage 2), rabbits were assigned randomly to 2 groups of 8 animals each. For a period of 49 d (1 spermatogenesis duration), one group was treated with a daily oral dose (10 mL) of carob extract and the other group received the corresponding volume of tap water. Semen was collected weekly. Semen samples taken at week 1 and 7 were analysed separately. At the beginning of stage 2, no differences were observed in the volume and pH of the ejaculate, sperm concentration, percentage of motility, percentage of live spermatozoa, percentage of sperm plasma membrane integrity, plasma concentration of testosterone, and seminal plasma protein levels between the control and carob extract treated animals. Similarly, at the end of stage 2, there were no differences in the volume and pH of the ejaculate, motility percentage, the percentage of live spermatozoa, percentage of sperm plasma membrane integrity, and the seminal plasma protein levels between the control and the carob extract treated animals. However, sperm concentration (P<0.05), plasma concentration of testosterone (P<0.05), and percentage of change in spermatozoa concentration (P<0.02) between groups were affected at the end of stage 2. The data suggested that the use of carob cures prepared by boiling carob fruit could have beneficial influences on sperm concentration in rabbits.</p>
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Eze U, Routledge M, Okonofua F, Huntriss J, Gong Y. Mycotoxin exposure and adverse reproductive health outcomes in Africa: a review. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2017.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that mycotoxin exposure can have adverse effects on reproductive health resulting to poor reproductive potential. The most studied mycotoxin in relation to poor reproductive health in humans is aflatoxin, although fumonisins, trichothecenes and zearalenone have also been reported to impair reproductive function and cause abnormal foetal development. These potent fungal toxins contaminate many food products making them a prominent agricultural, food safety and public health challenge, especially in Africa due to little or lack of mycotoxin regulation in agricultural products. Neonates can be exposed to aflatoxins in utero, as the toxins pass from mother to the foetus through the placenta. This exposure may continue during breast feeding, to the introduction of weaning foods, and then foods taken by adults. The consequences of aflatoxin exposure in mothers, foetus and children are many, including anaemia in pregnancy, low birth weight, interference with nutrient absorption, suppression of immune function, child growth retardation and abnormal liver function. In males, reports have indicated a possible relationship between aflatoxin exposure and poor sperm quality culminating in infertility. Maternal exposure to fumonisin during early pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of neural tube defects among newborns in regions where maize is the common dietary staple with the possibility of chronic fumonisin exposure. Furthermore, zearalenone has been linked to precocious puberty and premature thelarche in girls, correlating with extremely high serum oestrogen levels. This review presents an overview of the several reports linking aflatoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, and zearalenone exposure to poor reproductive health outcomes in Africa, with emphasis on birth outcomes, foetal health and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- U.A. Eze
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Science Building, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - M.N. Routledge
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - F.E. Okonofua
- University of Medical Sciences, Ondo Medical Village, Laje Road, Ondo, Nigeria
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation [CERHI], University of Benin, P.M.B 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - J. Huntriss
- Division of Reproduction and Early Development, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Y.Y. Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Science Building, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Department of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China P.R
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Aflatoxin B1 impairs sperm quality and fertilization competence. Toxicology 2017; 393:42-50. [PMID: 29113834 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are poisonous byproducts of the soilborne fungus Aspergillus, involved in the decomposition of plant materials. Aflatoxins can be found in various food products, such as maize, sorghum, millet, rice and wheat. AFB1 is the most toxic of these, classified as a carcinogen and mutagen for both humans and animals. AFB1 has been detected in human cord blood and placenta; however, its toxic effect on sperm is less known. The current study examines sperm responses associated with AFB1 exposure. These included acrosome integrity and function, mitochondrial polarity, DNA fragmentation, fertilization competence and early embryonic development. Spermatozoa were obtained from bull ejaculate and epididymis and capacitated in vitro for 4h with 0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100μM AFB1. Following capacitation, acrosome reaction (AR) was induced by Ca2+ ionophore. The integrity and functionality of sperm were examined simultaneously by florescent staining. A Halosperm DNA fragmentation kit was used to evaluate DNA integrity. An in-vitro culture system was used to evaluate fertilization competence and blastocyst formation rate, using bovine oocytes. Findings indicate dose-responsive variation among compartments to AFB1 exposure. Sperm viability, expressed by integrity of the plasma membrane, was lower in sperm isolated from ejaculate or epididymis after culturing with AFB1. Exposure to AFB1 reduced the proportion of sperm from the epididymis tail undergoing acrosome reaction induced by Ca2+ ionophore. AFB1 impaired mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔYm) in sperm isolated from ejaculate and the epididymis tail. Exposing ejaculated sperm to AFB1 increased the proportion of sperm with fragmented DNA and reduced the proportion of embryos that cleaved to the 2- to 4-cell stage, 42h postfertilization, however, the proportion of embryos that developed to blastocysts, 7days postfertilization, did not differ among groups. The findings explore the harmful effects of AFB1 on sperm viability, ΔΨm and DNA integrity associated with fertility competence. We postulate that AFB1-induced fragmentation in paternal DNA might have a carryover effect on the quality of developing embryos. Further evaluation for the quality of blastocysts derived from sperm exposed to AFB1 is warranted.
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Althnaian T, Albokhadai I, El-Bahr SM. Effect of Aflatoxin B1 on Histopathology and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Testis of Rats with Special References to Gene Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.408.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang Y, Tan W, Wang CC, Leung LK. Exposure to aflatoxin B1 in late gestation alters protein kinase C and apoptotic protein expression in murine placenta. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 61:68-74. [PMID: 26968497 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are chemicals with diverse toxicities that are produced by fungi. Aflatoxin B1 is commonly found in plant food, and is generally regarded as one of the most toxic mycotoxins. In the present study, pregnant ICR mice were given p.o. daily doses of aflatoxin B1 at 0, 0.05, 0.5, 5mg/kg for 4days (from E13.5 to E16.5). Compared to the control group, time of delivery was shortened and low birth weight was induced in mice treated with 0.5 and 5mg aflatoxin B1/kg, respectively. Placental tissue isolated from pregnant mice at E17.5 showed that the mRNA expression of crh was increased in aflatoxin-treated groups. This upregulation might signify premature delivery. Further analysis indicated that Pkc proteins were activated and Bcl-2 was reduced in the placental tissue of the aflatoxin-treated groups. Reduction of the anti-apoptotic proteins, on the other hand, might affect the morphorgenesis and maintenance of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Wenjuan Tan
- Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - C C Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Lai K Leung
- Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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29
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Effect of aflatoxin B1 on the seminiferous tubules and the possible protective role of curcumin in adult albino rats (Light and electron microscopic study). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000481141.52450.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Supriya C, Reddy PS. Prenatal exposure to aflatoxin B1: developmental, behavioral, and reproductive alterations in male rats. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2015; 102:26. [PMID: 25911313 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-015-1274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) inhibits androgen biosynthesis as a result of its ability to form a high-affinity complex with the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. The results of the present study demonstrate the postnatal effects of in utero exposure to AfB1 in the rat. Pregnant Wistar rats were given 10, 20, or 50 μg AfB1/kg body weight daily from gestation day (GD) 12 to GD 19. At parturition, newborns were observed for clinical signs and survival. All animals were born alive and initially appeared to be active. Male pups from control and AfB1-exposed animals were weaned and maintained up to postnatal day (PD) 100. Litter size, birth weight, sex ratio, survival rate, and crown-rump length of the pups were significantly decreased in AfB1-exposed rats when compared to controls. Elapsed time (days) for testes to descend into the scrotal sac was significantly delayed in experimental pups when compared to control pups. Behavioral observations such as cliff avoidance, negative geotaxis, surface rightening activity, ascending wire mesh, open field behavior, and exploratory and locomotory activities were significantly impaired in experimental pups. Body weights and the indices of testis, cauda epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles, and liver were significantly reduced on PD 100 in male rats exposed to AfB1 during embryonic development when compared with controls. Significant reduction in the testicular daily sperm production, epididymal sperm count, and number of viable, motile, and hypo-osmotic tail coiled sperm was observed in experimental rats. The levels of serum testosterone and activity levels of testicular hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner with a significant increase in the serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in experimental rats. Deterioration in the testicular and cauda epididymal architecture was observed in experimental rats. The results of fertility studies revealed a significant decrease in the mating index in experimental rats with an increase in the pre- and post-implantation losses in rats mated with prenatal AfB1-exposed males, indicating poor male reproductive performance. These results indicate that in utero exposure to AfB1 severely compromised postnatal development of neonatal rats, and caused a delay in testes descent and reduction in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis that were accomplished by suppressed reproduction at adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Supriya
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, India
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Ewuola E, Jimoh O, Bello A, Bolarinwa A. Testicular biochemicals, sperm reserves and daily sperm production of West African dwarf bucks fed varied levels of dietary aflatoxin. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 148:182-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ahmed M, Ali D, Harrath AH, Hussain T, Al-Daghri N, Alokail MS, Aladakatti RH, Ghodesawar MAG. Ultrastructural and hormonal changes in rat cauda epididymal spermatozoa induced by Boswellia papyrifera and Boswellia carterii. C R Biol 2014; 337:250-7. [PMID: 24702894 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Boswellia papyrifera and Boswellia carterii diffuses smoke polluting air that adversely affects indoor environment that certainly harm human health. Therefore, this study aims at ascertaining the effect of these plants on gonadal hormones and molecular changes in rat spermatozoa. The animals were exposed to 4 g/kg body weight of B. papyrifera and B. carterii daily for 120 days along with suitable controls. Significant decreases in FSH, LH and testosterone levels were evidenced, along with a reduction of protein, sialic acid, and carnitine levels. In sperm physiology, sperm count, motility, speed decrease, whereas sperm anomalies increase. TEM observation indicates morphological changes in plasma and acrosomal membranes, cytoplasmic droplet in the tail region, vacuolated, and disorganization of the mitochondrial sheath. These findings demonstrate that B. papyrifera and B. carterii smoke affects the process of sperm formation and maturation, which indicates the detrimental effects of these plants on the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Building No. 5, Post Box 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Building No. 5, Post Box 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Building No. 5, Post Box 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tajamul Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Al-Daghri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Adedara IA, Nanjappa MK, Farombi EO, Akingbemi BT. Aflatoxin B1 disrupts the androgen biosynthetic pathway in rat Leydig cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 65:252-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Effect of extract of Hibiscus on the ultrastructure of the testis in adult mice. Acta Histochem 2012; 114:342-8. [PMID: 21798576 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa extract is a popular beverage in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Although, Hibiscus tea is known for its medicinal effects for thousands of years, scientific evidence of its systemic safety is very limited. The current study aimed to assess the potential adverse effects of H. sabdariffa extract on sperm morphology and testicular ultrastructure of albino mice. Thirty adult male albino mice were divided into three equal groups and were given: (a) distilled water, (b) cold Hibiscus aqueous extract, and (c) boiled Hibiscus aqueous extract. Hibiscus extract was administered orally daily for 4 weeks in a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight/mouse. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, mice were decapitated and the testes and epididymides were excised and processed for transmission electron microscopy to assess ultrastructural and sperm abnormalities. The results clearly demonstrate that aqueous extracts from dried calyx of H. sabdariffa, either cold or boiled, alter normal sperm morphology and testicular ultrastructure and adversely influence the male reproductive fertility in albino mice. The current data suggest that Hibiscus extract should be consumed with caution, and reasonable estimates of the human risk associated with its consumption should be provided.
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Hasanzadeh S, Amani S. Aflatoxin B1 effects on ovarian follicular growth and atresia in the rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-012-1446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Renin mRNA is upregulated in testes and testicular cells in response to treatment with aflatoxin B1. Theriogenology 2011; 77:331-7.e1-7. [PMID: 22015160 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) has been shown to affect fertility in many species; however, the exact molecular mechanisms associated with the disruption are not known. Our objectives were to determine changes in testicular gene expression due to exposure to AFB(1) and to investigate which cell types were affected by treatment with AFB(1). Male mice 4 wk of age were administered a daily placebo (control; N = 9) or 50 μg/kg AFB(1) (AFB(1) treated; N = 10) daily for 45 days. Males were then mated to four females each for 8 days. Male mice were characterized as being "Tolerant" (N = 3) or "Intolerant" (N = 3) to the effects of AFB(1) based on positive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining in the testes and the number of pups sired. Tolerant males produced a similar average number of fetuses (mean ± SEM) (12.5 ± 1.2) per male as selected control males (13.4 ± 1.2), but more fetuses (P = 0.01) than Intolerant males (7.6 ± 1.2). The number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells in Intolerant males tended to be (P = 0.10) greater (136.5 ± 27.2) than in Tolerant (55.0 ± 22.2) and selected control (54.3 ± 22.2) males. Affymetrix microarray (Sunnyvale, CA, USA) analysis revealed differential expression (P < 0.05) of 193 extra cellular space and signaling genes, 49 signal transduction genes, 45 immune regulation genes, and 230 cell differentiation genes in the testis. Renin was commonly represented amongst many clusters and was chosen for further analyses. Upregulation (P < 0.001) of Renin in Tolerant mice (N = 3) compared with Intolerant mice (N = 3) was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (P = 0.05). This upregulation (P = 0.01) was also observed in representative AFB(1) treated males (N = 8) compared with control males (N = 8) selected for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Spermatogonia cultured in vitro and treated with 0, 5, 10, or 20 μg/mL AFB(1) (N = 6 per treatment) resulted in a 10-fold upregulation (P = 0.01) of Renin message at the 20 μg/mL level, whereas Leydig tumor cells showed similar differences (P = 0.03) in message for Renin in treated (10 and 20 μg/mL) versus control cell cultures. Based on these results, we inferred a role for Renin at the molecular level in the response to the adverse effects of AFB(1) in male mice.
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Abdel-Aziem SH, Hassan AM, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Dietary supplementation with whey protein and ginseng extract counteracts oxidative stress and DNA damage in rats fed an aflatoxin-contaminated diet. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 723:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hassan AM, Kenawy AM, Abbas WT, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Prevention of cytogenetic, histochemical and biochemical alterations in Oreochromis niloticus by dietary supplement of sorbent materials. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1890-1895. [PMID: 20817254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the ability of Egyptian bentonite (EB) and montmorillonite (EM) for the prevention of genotoxicity, histochemical and biochemical changes induced by aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) using the micronucleus (MN) assay, chromosomal aberrations and DNA fragmentation analysis in Tilapia fish. Six groups of fish were treated for 3 weeks and included the control group, AFB(1)-treated group and the groups treated with EB or EM alone or in combination with AFB(1). At the end of experiment period, blood samples were collected for MN, testosterone and biochemical assays. Chromosomal aberrations were determined in kidney tissues, DNA fragmentation test was determined in liver and testis, whereas histochemical study was carried out on liver, testis and gills. The results indicated that a significant decrease in total protein, albumin, globulin, testosterone and DNA content in liver, gills and testis accompanied with a significant increase in number of micronucleated erythrocytes (MnRBCs), total chromosomal aberrations in kidney and DNA fragmentation in testis and liver of fish received AFB(1) alone. Fish treated with EB or EM alone were comparable to the control regarding the biochemical parameters except testosterone in EB-treated group which was significantly decreased. Both clays did not induce any significant differences in number of MnRBCs, chromosomal aberrations in the kidney, DNA fragmentation in testis, but not in liver of EB-treated group. The combined treatment with AFB(1) and EB or EM succeeded to improve all the tested parameters towards the control values although it did not normalize them. Moreover, the improvement was pronounced in the group received EM plus AFB(1). It could be concluded that EB and EM have the ability to tightly bind AFB(1) in the gastrointestinal tract of fish resulting in decreasing its bioavailability. Moreover, the two tested clays were safe and can be used as potential aflatoxin binders in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza M Hassan
- Cell biology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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Fallah AA. Assessment of aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurized and UHT milk marketed in central part of Iran. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:988-91. [PMID: 20093164 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 01/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted as a screening survey to determine the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in 225 commercial liquid milk samples composed of pasteurized milk (116 samples) and UHT milk (109 samples) obtained from popular markets in central part of Iran. The competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was employed to determine level of the toxin in the samples. Aflatoxin M1 was detected in 151 (67.1%) samples, consisted of 83 (71.5%) pasteurized milk samples (mean: 52.8 ng/l; range: 5.8-528.5 ng/l) and 68 (62.3%) UHT milk samples (mean: 46.4 ng/l; range: 5.6-515.9 ng/l). Considering the US FDA and Iranian national standard limits for AFM1 in milk (500 ng/l), 2 samples (1.7%) of pasteurized and 3 samples (2.7%) of UHT milk had levels above the maximum tolerance limit. However, according to European Commission limit (50 ng/l), this figure increased to 31 (26.7%) and 19 (17.4%) samples for pasteurized and UHT milk, respectively. The results indicated that the contamination of the samples with AFM1 in such a level could be a serious public health problem at the moment. This paper represents the data of the first survey on the occurrence of AFM1 in commercial liquid milk marketed in central part of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz A Fallah
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahre-Kord University, Shahre-Kord 34141, Iran.
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Balaji T, Aruna S, Ramanathan M, Srinivasan M, Menon VP. Suppression of constitutively expressed cyclooxygenase-2 in the epididymis of mice by nimesulide decreases sperm motility. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 20:357-76. [PMID: 20214021 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.2009.20.4.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significant levels of constitutive cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are present in the male reproductive organs of rodents, especially in the vas deferens and epididymis. In the epididymis, the sperm storehouse, COX-2 is thought to play a vital role in altering the membrane lipids of sperm. The present study aims at localizing COX-2 in the epididymis and analyzing the effects of the preferential COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide. COX-2 protein activity was nearly equal to that of COX-1 in the cauda epididymis. Immunohistochemical studies showed an intense staining for COX-2 in the cauda epididymis but not in the caput epididymis. Nimesulide administration induced a significant reduction in both COX-2 staining intensity and protein activity, followed by an initial decline in total prostaglandin levels but a reversible increase upon sustained COX-2 suppression. Sperm numbers and vitality showed no significant change, but motility decreased and total and free serum testosterone levels mildly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thotakura Balaji
- Dept of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Padur Village, Old Mahabalipuram Road, Kelambakkam, Chennai--603103
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Faisal K, Faridha A, Akbarsha MA. Induction of meiotic micronuclei in spermatocytes in vivo by aflatoxin B1: Light and transmission electron microscopic study in Swiss mouse. Reprod Toxicol 2008; 26:303-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Friedman M, Levin CE. Review of methods for the reduction of dietary content and toxicity of acrylamide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:6113-6140. [PMID: 18624452 DOI: 10.1021/jf0730486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic acrylamide is largely derived from heat-induced reactions between the amino group of the free amino acid asparagine and carbonyl groups of glucose and fructose in cereals, potatoes, and other plant-derived foods. This overview surveys and consolidates the following dietary aspects of acrylamide: distribution in food originating from different sources; consumption by diverse populations; reduction of the acrylamide content in the diet; and suppression of adverse effects in vivo. Methods to reduce adverse effects of dietary acrylamide include (a) selecting potato, cereal, and other plant varieties for dietary use that contain low levels of the acrylamide precursors, namely, asparagine and glucose; (b) removing precursors before processing; (c) using the enzyme asparaginase to hydrolyze asparagine to aspartic acid; (d) selecting processing conditions (pH, temperature, time, processing and storage atmosphere) that minimize acrylamide formation; (e) adding food ingredients (acidulants, amino acids, antioxidants, nonreducing carbohydrates, chitosan, garlic compounds, protein hydrolysates, proteins, metal salts) that have been reported to prevent acrylamide formation; (f) removing/trapping acrylamide after it is formed with the aid of chromatography, evaporation, polymerization, or reaction with other food ingredients; and (g) reducing in vivo toxicity. Research needs are suggested that may further facilitate reducing the acrylamide burden of the diet. Researchers are challenged to (a) apply the available methods and to minimize the acrylamide content of the diet without adversely affecting the nutritional quality, safety, and sensory attributes, including color and flavor, while maintaining consumer acceptance; and (b) educate commercial and home food processors and the public about available approaches to mitigating undesirable effects of dietary acrylamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA.
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Faisal K, Periasamy VS, Sahabudeen S, Radha A, Anandhi R, Akbarsha MA. Spermatotoxic effect of aflatoxin B1 in rat: extrusion of outer dense fibres and associated axonemal microtubule doublets of sperm flagellum. Reproduction 2008; 135:303-10. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-07-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Male Wistar rats were treated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Live as well as methanol-fixed cauda epididymal spermatozoa were stained with acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) and observed under a fluorescence microscope. Giemsa-stained smears were observed in a bright field microscope. Unstained smears were observed with phase contrast illumination. The axoneme of more than 10% of the spermatozoa of treated rats had the outer dense fibres (ODFs), in varying numbers, and the associated axonemal microtubule doublets of the flagellum extruded either at midpiece–principal piece junction or connecting piece. This could be perceived in all light microscopic preparations, but AO–EB staining offered an advantage of the assessment of the viability as well. TEM observation of sections of the testis and cauda epididymidis also revealed ODF extrusion, as seen in the transverse sections of sperm flagella missing one or more ODFs and the associated axonemal microtubule doublets. In a few such sections, the extruded elements were seen in the cytoplasm, outside the mitochondrial sheath or peripheral sheath. Marginal to severe mitochondrial pathologies were observed in the spermatozoa and elongated spermatids, suggesting a link between AFB1-induced sperm mitochondrial pathology and extrusion of ODFs. However, the possibility that AFB1 treatment would disrupt the cytoskeletal proteins of the flagellum, resulting in the extrusion of ODFs, cannot be excluded. This sperm abnormality is reported for the first time as produced by a dietary toxin. Dietary aflatoxins, therefore, could also be contributory factors for the deterioration of the reproductive health of men.
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Tajik P, Mirshokraee P, Khosravi A. Effects of different concentrations of aflatoxin B on ram epididymal and ejaculatory sperm viability and motility in vitro. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:4500-4504. [PMID: 19093519 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.4500.4504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried to observe the effect of aflatoxin on ovine sperm in vitro. Ram epididymal and ejaculatory sperm cells were added into media containing different concentrations of aflatoxin B1. When ram epididymal sperm were put in different concentrations of aflatoxin, one-hour post incubation in control group, 81.25% of sperm cells were alive of which, 82.88% were motile. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher than medium with 31.25 ppb and higher concentration. The lowest motility (15.93%) was observed in 62.5 ppb aflatoxin. Sperm viability did not significantly changed after 2nd and 3rd h incubation but significantly decreased in 4th and 5th h post incubation. However, motility was not altered in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th h post incubation. In ejaculatory sperm, one hour post-incubation, in control group, 83.24% of sperm were alive of which 93.98% were motile, significantly (p < 0.05) higher than motility in medium with 7.81 ppb and higher concentrations of aflatoxin but not different with 1.96 ppb aflatoxin. In 62.5 ppb aflatoxin, the lowest motility was observed (18.9%). Sperm motility patterns for both epididymal and ejaculatory sperm cells were different after incubation in different concentrations of aflatoxin. The results of the present experiment showed that aflatoxin could decrease sperm motility obtained from ejaculation or epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tajik
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6453, Tehran, Iran
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Abu El-Saad AS, Mahmoud HM. Phytic Acid Exposure Alters AflatoxinB1-induced Reproductive and Oxidative Toxicity in Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2007; 6:331-41. [PMID: 18955247 PMCID: PMC2722202 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The increased use of feed in Egypt's aquaculture and animal industries raises concerns about the possible presence of mycotoxins in feedstuffs. The use of alternative medicine, such as botanicals and nutritional supplements, has become popular with inflammatory cases. The present study aimed to testify the role played by phytic acid (IP6) in enhancing the reproductive and oxidative toxicity induced in aflatoxinB1 (AFB1) treated white male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) throughout treatment and withdrawal periods. One hundred and twenty white male albino rats were grouped into four groups. Group 1, was injected with 300 μg kg−1 body wt of AFB1 once every 3 days for 15 days and left uninjected for another 15 days to study the withdrawal effect. Group 2, was injected with 300 μg kg−1 body wt of AFB1 once every 3 days for 15 days and treated simultaneously with IP6 daily for another 15 days. Group 3, was treated daily with IP6 (40 mg kg−1 body wt) for 15 days and with no treatment for other 15 days. Group 4, injected with equivalent volume of sterile phosphate buffer saline solution as a control group. Sera were taken at the experimental intervals and assayed for testosterone hormone, follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) to determine the toxicological impact of AFB1 and the possibility of amelioration by phytic acid on the reproductive performance of the studied animal. The effects of AFB1 treatment on the absolute and relative weight of testis as well as its histopathologic effect on the testis and the possibility of amelioration by IP6 treatment were evaluated. The activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidants, in addition to lipid peroxidation were measured in the testis’ homogenate of AFB1-treated rats. A decrease in sex hormone levels, an increase in testicular lipid peroxidation product levels and a significant decrease in testicular glutathione content, catalase and total peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were recorded. The histopathologic alterations revealed a degeneration and highly mitotic division within the spermatogenic nuclei, in addition to some karyomegaly and nuclear pyknosis. It is concluded that the reduction in the toxicity of free radicals by phytic acid might be responsible for the protective influence observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz S Abu El-Saad
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, American University in Cairo, 11511, Egypt or 113 Kasr el Aini Street, PO Box 2511, Cairo 11511, Egypt.
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Prahalathan C, Selvakumar E, Varalakshmi P. Modulatory role of lipoic acid on adriamycin-induced testicular injury. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 160:108-14. [PMID: 16434030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Revised: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the protective efficacy of dl-alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on adriamycin (ADR)-induced oxidative damage in rat testis. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were administered ADR (1 mg/kg body weight, i.v.), once a week for 10 weeks. ADR injected rats showed increased oxidative stress with a concomitant decrease in cellular thiols. The mRNA level for phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) was also significantly decreased by ADR administration. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations of testicular germ cells revealed abnormal ultrastructural changes in ADR treated rats. Treatment with lipoic acid (35 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) 1 day prior to ADR administration, effectively reverted these abnormal changes towards normalcy. These findings indicate a cytoprotective role of LA in this experimental model of testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidambaram Prahalathan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, India
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Aladakatti RH, Ahamed RN. Ultrastructural changes in Leydig cells and cauda epididymal spermatozoa induced by Azadirachta indica leaves in albino rats. Phytother Res 2006; 19:756-66. [PMID: 16220567 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Azadirachta indica leaves (500 mg/kg body weight, orally/day), testosterone (0.25 mg/kg body weight/day, intramuscularly) and a combination of these two were investigated as to whether Azadirachta indica leaves affect the morphology of Leydig cells and epididymal sperm and their organelles at the ultrastructural level. Azadirachta indica treated rats showed atrophic seminiferous tubules with widening intercellular spaces. Leydig cells exhibited characteristics of degeneration such as indented nuclei; the commencement of degeneration was evident from less chromatin; the reduced amount of a marked decrease in organelle content and scarcity of other cell types of the interstitium in highly vacuolated cytoplasm, which were seem from both light and electron microscopic observations. The number of Leydig cells and their nuclear diameter were reduced significantly. Pathological changes in the spermatozoa of the cauda epididymis were observed and the spermatozoa retained cytoplasmic droplets. It is suggested that regression of Leydig cells and the absence of interstitium cell types indicates an androgen deficiency, which affects the spermatozoa in the epididymis by disturbing the internal epididymal milieu. The antiandrogenic and antispermatogenic properties of Azadirachta indica leaves appear to lead to a reduced fertilizing ability of the sperm.
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Girini MM, Ahamed RN, Aladakatti RH. Effect of graded doses of Momordica charantia seed extract on rat sperm: scanning electron microscope study. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 16:53-66. [PMID: 16187486 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.2005.16.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Morphological changes in sperm of albino rats observed under scanning electron microscopy illustrate the disturbance in the plasma membrane as well as in the acrosomal membrane on treatment with effect of graded doses of alcohol seed extract from Momordica charantia. Considerable changes in the shape and size of the sperm head were observed, with the middle region of the sperm head being slightly constricted dorsoventrally. Most sperm appeared morphologically abnormal in the mid-region of the tail, with formation of a balloon-like cytoplasmic droplet. The results of this study suggest that such effects may have resulted from a general disturbance in proteins and an alteration in the cauda epididymal milieu, probably due to androgen deficiency consequent to the anti-androgenic property of Momordica charantia seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Girini
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies & Research in Zoology Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India
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Arrus K, Blank G, Clear R, Holley RA, Abramson D. Microbiological and aflatoxin evaluation of Brazil nut pods and the effects of unit processing operations. J Food Prot 2005; 68:1060-5. [PMID: 15895742 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-68.5.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Harvesting of Brazil nuts not only helps to preserve the Amazon rainforest but also provides income to individuals who would otherwise have little means of making a livelihood. Recently, the European Community has tightened the quality requirements for Brazil nuts, particularly with regard to aflatoxin levels and microbiological contamination. The objectives of this research were to gain a better understanding of the origin of aflatoxins on Brazil nuts and to microbiologically evaluate some of the operations involved in processing. In this regard, five Brazil nut pods were aseptically picked from trees located in each of three concessions of the Peruvian Amazon rainforest (Madre de Dios province). The exteriors of the pods and the nuts were examined for yeast and molds, including Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, and for bacteria, including Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Brazil nuts obtained from various commercial process operations located in Peru were similarly evaluated. Exteriors of all Brazil nut pods did not contain A. parasiticus, and only pods from one concession yielded A. flavus isolates. All isolates tested were aflatoxigenic (630 to 915 ppb total aflatoxin). Coliforms, E. coli, and salmonellae were not recovered from any of the pods. Whole, in-shell nuts obtained after opening the pods yielded no A. flavus or A. parasiticus. Aflatoxins were not detected (detection limit 1.75 ppb) in any of the nuts. Whole, in-shell and shelled nuts from various process operations were all positive for A. flavus but negative for E. coli and salmonellae. Soaking of whole, in-shell nuts before cracking or shelling increased coliform numbers, whereas levels of A. flavus decreased. In order to gain a better understanding of the sanitary performance of the unit process operations, additional evaluations should be conducted on product lots processed on different days. Also, the microbiology of product processed from common lots should be followed through the various unit operations and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Arrus
- Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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