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Bajgai B, Suri M, Singh H, Hanifa M, Bhatti JS, Randhawa PK, Bali A. Naringin: A flavanone with a multifaceted target against sepsis-associated organ injuries. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155707. [PMID: 38788393 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis causes multiple organ dysfunctions and raises mortality and morbidity rates through a dysregulated host response to infection. Despite the growing research interest over the last few years, no satisfactory treatment exists. Naringin, a naturally occurring bioflavonoid with vast therapeutic potential in citrus fruits and Chinese herbs, has received much attention for treating sepsis-associated multiple organ dysfunctions. PURPOSE The review describes preclinical evidence of naringin from 2011 to 2024, particularly emphasizing the mechanism of action mediated by naringin against sepsis-associated specific injuries. The combination therapy, safety profile, drug interactions, recent advancements in formulation, and future perspectives of naringin are also discussed. METHODS In vivo and in vitro studies focusing on the potential role of naringin and its mechanism of action against sepsis-associated organ injuries were identified and summarised in the present manuscript, which includes contributions from 2011 to 2024. All the articles were extracted from the Medline database using PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science with relevant keywords. RESULTS Research findings revealed that naringin modulates many signaling cascades, such as Rho/ROCK and PPAR/STAT1, PIP3/AKT and KEAP1/Nrf2, and IkB/NF-kB and MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1, to potentially protect against sepsis-induced intestinal, cardiac, and lung injury, respectively. Furthermore, naringin treatment exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant action against sepsis harm, highlighting naringin's promising effects in septic settings. Naringin could be employed as a treatment against sepsis, based on studies on combination therapy, synergistic effects, and toxicological investigation that show no reported severe side effects. CONCLUSION Naringin might be a promising therapeutic approach for preventing sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. Naringin should be used alongside other therapeutic therapies with caution despite its great therapeutic potential and lower toxicity. Nonetheless, clinical studies are required to comprehend the therapeutic benefits of naringin against sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bivek Bajgai
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Manisha Suri
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Harshita Singh
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Mohd Hanifa
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Puneet Kaur Randhawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amritsar Group of Colleges, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India; Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Anjana Bali
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India.
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Sabra RT, Abdellatef AA, Abdel-Sattar E, Fathy M, Meselhy MR, Hayakawa Y. Russelioside A, a Pregnane Glycoside from Caralluma tuberculate, Inhibits Cell-Intrinsic NF-κB Activity and Metastatic Ability of Breast Cancer Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1564-1571. [PMID: 36184517 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a potential target for inflammatory-breast cancer treatment as it participates in its pathogenesis, such as tumor initiation, progression, survival, metastasis, and recurrence. In this study, we aimed to discover a novel anti-cancer treatment from natural products by targeting NF-κB activity. Using the 4T1-NFκB-luciferase reporter cell line, we tested three pregnane glycosides extracted from the herb Caralluma tuberculata and discovered that Russelioside A markedly suppressed NF-κB activity in breast cancer. Russelioside A inhibited NF-κB (p65) transcriptional activity and its phosphorylation. Following NF-κB inhibition, Russelioside A exerted anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects in breast cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, it inhibited the NF-κB constitutive expression of downstream pathways, such as VEGF-b, MMP-9, and IL-6 in 4T1 cells. In addition, it reduced the metastatic capacity in a 4T1 breast cancer model in vivo. Collectively, our conclusions reveal that Russelioside A is an attractive natural compound for treating triple-negative breast cancer growth and metastasis through regulating NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Tharwat Sabra
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University
| | | | | | - Moustafa Fathy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University
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Xu Y, Zhai D, Goto S, Zhang X, Jingu K, Li TS. Nicaraven mitigates radiation-induced lung injury by downregulating the NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad pathways to suppress the inflammatory response. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:158-165. [PMID: 34999842 PMCID: PMC8944328 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is commonly observed in patients receiving radiotherapy, and clinical prevention and treatment remain difficult. We investigated the effect and mechanism of nicaraven for mitigating RILI. C57BL/6 N mice (12-week-old) were treated daily with 6 Gy X-ray thoracic radiation for 5 days in sequences (cumulative dose of 30 Gy), and nicaraven (50 mg/kg) or placebo was injected intraperitoneally in 10 min after each radiation exposure. Mice were sacrificed and lung tissues were collected for experimental assessments at the next day (acute phase) or 100 days (chronic phase) after the last radiation exposure. Of the acute phase, immunohistochemical analysis of lung tissues showed that radiation significantly induced DNA damage of the lung cells, increased the number of Sca-1+ stem cells, and induced the recruitment of CD11c+, F4/80+ and CD206+ inflammatory cells. However, all these changes in the irradiated lungs were effectively mitigated by nicaraven administration. Western blot analysis showed that nicaraven administration effectively attenuated the radiation-induced upregulation of NF-κB, TGF-β, and pSmad2 in lungs. Of the chronic phase, nicaraven administration effectively attenuated the radiation-induced enhancement of α-SMA expression and collagen deposition in lungs. In conclusion we find that nicaraven can effectively mitigate RILI by downregulating NF-κB and TGF-β/pSmad2 pathways to suppress the inflammatory response in the irradiated lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Da Zhai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shinji Goto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Keiichi Jingu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Corresponding author: Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. Tel: +81-95-819-7099; Fax: +81-95-819-7100, E-mail:
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Miao B, Zheng J, Zheng G, Tian X, Zhang W, Yuan F, Yang Z. Using Collagen Peptides From the Skin of Monkfish (Lophius litulon) to Ameliorate Kidney Damage in High-Fat Diet Fed Mice by Regulating the Nrf2 Pathway and NLRP3 Signaling. Front Nutr 2022; 9:798708. [PMID: 35223948 PMCID: PMC8866304 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.798708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in high-fat diet (HFD) induced kidney damage. Previous studies show that the collagen extracted from the skin of monkfish (Lophius litulon) with pepsin (pepsin-solubilized collagen, PSC) exhibits good biological activities. This study investigates the protective effect of PSCP against chronic kidney injury in HFD-fed mice. Methods Pepsin-solubilized collagen was further hydrolyzed into collagen peptides, and the compound with the best 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) clearance rate was named pepsin-solubilized collagen peptide (PSCP). A group of mice were fed an HFD for 4 weeks, and then for another 6 weeks PSCP was added to their diet at the amount of either 100 or 200 mg/kg. Results Pepsin-solubilized collagen peptide treatment (200 mg/kg) reduced the mice's serum levels of uric acid (UA), creatinine (CRE), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) by 27, 20, and 37%, respectively. This treatment also remarkably improved renal histopathology. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) were increased by 96, 52, and 74%, respectively, and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level by 36%. Additionally, PSCP activated the Nrf2 pathway and inhibited NLRP3 signaling to significantly reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Conclusions Our results indicate that compound PSCP has the potential to prevent or control chronic kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingtao Miao
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jiawen Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Zhoushan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Zhoushan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Falei Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- *Correspondence: Falei Yuan
| | - Zuisu Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- Zuisu Yang
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Ghorbani Y, Schwenger KJP, Allard JP. Manipulation of intestinal microbiome as potential treatment for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2361-2379. [PMID: 33651137 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiome (IM) and bacterial metabolites may influence glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure and the intestinal barrier integrity and lead to the presence of systemic low-grade inflammation, all of which can contribute to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The purpose of this review is to explore the role of the IM and bacterial metabolites in the pathogenesis and treatment of these conditions. RESULTS This review summarizes research focused on how to modulate the IM through diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and fecal microbiota transplant in order to treat IR and T2D. CONCLUSION There is an abundance of evidence suggesting a role for IM in the pathogenesis of IR and T2D based on reviewed studies using various methods to modulate IM and metabolites. However, the results are inconsistent. Future research should further assess this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Ghorbani
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Johane P Allard
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, 585 University Avenue, 9N-973, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada.
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Radiation-Induced Normal Tissue Damage: Oxidative Stress and Epigenetic Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3010342. [PMID: 31781332 PMCID: PMC6875293 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is currently one of the leading treatments for various cancers; however, it may cause damage to healthy tissue, with both short-term and long-term side effects. Severe radiation-induced normal tissue damage (RINTD) frequently has a significant influence on the progress of RT and the survival and prognosis of patients. The redox system has been shown to play an important role in the early and late effects of RINTD. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the main sources of RINTD. The free radicals produced by irradiation can upregulate several enzymes including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase), lipoxygenases (LOXs), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and cyclooxygenases (COXs). These enzymes are expressed in distinct ways in various cells, tissues, and organs and participate in the RINTD process through different regulatory mechanisms. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that epigenetic modulators play an important role in the RINTD process. Epigenetic modifications primarily contain noncoding RNA regulation, histone modifications, and DNA methylation. In this article, we will review the role of oxidative stress and epigenetic mechanisms in radiation damage, and explore possible prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for RINTD.
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Alisol A Suppresses Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203651. [PMID: 31658635 PMCID: PMC6833085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are a precious source of promising leads for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. Recently, triterpenoids in Alismatis rhizoma has been widely demonstrated for their anti-cancer activities in cancer cells. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of alisol A in human breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that alisol A exhibited significant anti-proliferative effects in MDA-MB-231 cells and this response was related to autophagy induction. Alisol A-induced autophagy was supported by the triggered autophagosome formation and increased LC3-II levels. Interestingly, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA significantly reversed the cytotoxic effects induced by alisol A. Meanwhile, alisol A-induced autophagy was significantly inhibited by 3-MA in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that alisol A arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. The expression level of cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D1 was significantly down regulated. In addition, the suppression of NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways in MDA-MB-231 cells was observed. Furthermore, alisol A significantly suppressed the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting the expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Taken together, our results demonstrated that alisol A could inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells. It could be a promising agent for breast cancer therapy.
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The role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in radiation damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Long Noncoding RNA HOXA-AS3 Integrates NF-κB Signaling To Regulate Endothelium Inflammation. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00139-19. [PMID: 31285272 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00139-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA HOXA-AS3 has recently been reported to act as a critical regulator in inflammation-linked lung adenocarcinoma. However, the roles of HOXA-AS3 in endothelium inflammation and related vascular disorders remain poorly defined. In the current study, we identified HOXA-AS3 to be a critical activator to promote NF-κB-mediated endothelium inflammation. HOXA-AS3, a chromatin-associated regulator which colocalizes with NF-κB at specific gene promoters, was found to interact with NF-κB and positively regulate its activity through control of the expression of the NF-κB inhibitor protein IκBα and the acetylation status at the K310 site of p65. More importantly, clinicopathological analysis showed that HOXA-AS3 expression has a significant positive correlation with atherosclerosis. Thus, we conclude that HOXA-AS3 may serve as a crucial biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of atherosclerosis, as well as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple inflammatory vascular diseases. In addition, this study suggests the functional importance of HOXA-AS3 in the regulation of inflammatory disorders.
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Li Y, Yang Q, Shi ZH, Zhou M, Yan L, Li H, Xie YH, Wang SW. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Feiyangchangweiyan Capsule and Its Main Components on Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Rats via the Regulation of the NF- κB and BAX/BCL-2 Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:9585727. [PMID: 31312226 PMCID: PMC6595388 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9585727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although gastroenteritis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) occur in the gastrointestinal tract and pelvis, respectively, they display similar pathogeneses. The incidence of inflammation in these conditions is usually associated with dysbacteriosis, and, at times, they are caused by the same pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus. Feiyangchangweiyan capsule (FYC) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine that is widely used to treat bacterial dysentery and acute and chronic gastroenteritis. However, whether it has an effect on PID is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of FYC and its main components, gallic acid (GA), ellagic acid (EA), and syringin (SY), on a pathogen-induced PID model and illustrate their potential mechanism of action. Female specific pathogen-free SD rats (n = 1110) were randomly divided into control, PID, FYC, GA, EA, SY, GA + EA, GA + SY, EA + SY, GA + EA + SY, and Fuke Qianjin capsule (FKC) positive groups. Histological examination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were carried out as well as western blot analysis to detect the expression of NF-κB, BAX, BCL-2, and JNK. In this study, FYC and its main components dramatically suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells, reduced the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1, and elevated the IL-10 level to varying degrees. We also found that FYC and its main components inhibited the expression of BAX induced by infection and increased the expression of Bcl-2. FYC, GA, EA, and SY could also block the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Finally, we found that the phosphorylation of JNK could be decreased by FYC, GA, and SY. FYC and its main components exhibit anti-inflammatory effect on a pathogen-induced PID model by regulating the NF-κB and apoptosis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhi-hui Shi
- Shaanxi Junbisha Pharmaceutical Limited Company, Xianyang, 712000, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan-hua Xie
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Si-wang Wang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Impact of Diet-Modulated Butyrate Production on Intestinal Barrier Function and Inflammation. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101499. [PMID: 30322146 PMCID: PMC6213552 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in affluent societies is the increase in disorders related to gut and metabolic health. Chronic over nutrition by unhealthy foods high in energy, fat, and sugar, and low in dietary fibre is a key environmental factor responsible for this development, which may cause local and systemic inflammation. A low intake of dietary fibre is a limiting factor for maintaining a viable and diverse microbiota and production of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. A suppressed production of butyrate is crucial, as this short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) can play a key role not only in colonic health and function but also at the systemic level. At both sites, the mode of action is through mediation of signalling pathways involving nuclear NF-κB and inhibition of histone deacetylase. The intake and composition of dietary fibre modulate production of butyrate in the large intestine. While butyrate production is easily adjustable it is more variable how it influences gut barrier function and inflammatory markers in the gut and periphery. The effect of butyrate seems generally to be more consistent and positive on inflammatory markers related to the gut than on inflammatory markers in the peripheral tissue. This discrepancy may be explained by differences in butyrate concentrations in the gut compared with the much lower concentration at more remote sites.
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Feiyangchangweiyan Capsule on Rat Pelvic Inflammatory Disease through JNK/NF- κB Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8476147. [PMID: 29681986 PMCID: PMC5851019 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8476147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In this study, we aimed to illustrate the preventive effect and possible mechanisms of Feiyangchangweiyan capsule (FYCWYC) on rat pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) model. Methods To construct the rat PID model, upper genital tract was infected by multipathogen, and then drugs were orally administered for 8 days. The histological examination, immunohistochemical analysis, and ELISA were carried out. Furthermore, Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of Akt, MAPKs, NF-κB p65, and IκB-α in uterus. Results As the results showed, infiltrations of neutrophils and lymphocytes in uterus were significantly suppressed, and IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL-1, and TNF-α were also reduced in a dose-dependent manner. We also found that FYCWYC inhibited apoptosis induced by infection. Furthermore, FYCWYC could block the infection-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB. We found that FYCWYC treatment only decreased the phosphorylation of JNK induced by infection and had no effects on Akt and P38. Additional, the effects of SP600125, an inhibitor of phospho-JNK, were similar to the results of FYCWYC. Conclusions Taken together, our results demonstrated that FYCWYC had anti-inflammatory effect in pathogen-induced PID model, and the mechanism might be through inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation which is mediated by JNK.
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Najafi M, Motevaseli E, Shirazi A, Geraily G, Rezaeyan A, Norouzi F, Rezapoor S, Abdollahi H. Mechanisms of inflammatory responses to radiation and normal tissues toxicity: clinical implications. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:335-356. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1440092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazale Geraily
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhasan Rezaeyan
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Norouzi
- Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezapoor
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Willems M, Dubois N, Musumeci L, Bours V, Robe PA. IκBζ: an emerging player in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66310-66322. [PMID: 27579619 PMCID: PMC5323236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IκBζ, an atypical member of the nuclear IκB family of proteins, is expressed at low levels in most resting cells, but is induced upon stimulation of Toll-like/IL-1 receptors through an IRAK1/IRAK4/NFκB-dependent pathway. Like its homolog Bcl3, IκBζ can regulate the transcription of a set of inflamatory genes through its association with the p50 or p52 subunits of NF-κB. Long studied as a key component of the immune response, IκBζ emerges as an important regulator of inflammation, cell proliferation and survival. As a result, growing evidence support the role of this transcription factor in the pathogenesis number of human hematological and solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Willems
- Department of Human Genetics and GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Nadège Dubois
- Department of Human Genetics and GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Lucia Musumeci
- Department of Human Genetics and GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Vincent Bours
- Department of Human Genetics and GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre A Robe
- Department of Human Genetics and GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro-Oncology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Yuxian X, Feng T, Ren L, Zhengcai L. Tanshinone II-A Inhibits Invasion and Metastasis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells in Vitro and in Vivo. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 95:789-95. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160909500623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background Tanshinone II-A is an alcohol extract of the root of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, whose effects and mechanism in tumor metastasis are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tanshinone II-A on tumor invasion and metastasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its possible mechanism of action. Methods and Study Design The HCC cell lines HepG2 and SMMC-7721 were treated with tanshinone II-A at different doses. Invasion and metastasis of tumor cells were examined by in vitro and in vivo assays. The molecular mechanisms of tanshinone II-A for inhibiting invasion and metastasis of HCC cells were investigated by Western blot and gelatin zymography. Results Treatment with tanshinone II-A had inhibitory effects on the migration and invasion of HCC cells. Increasing doses resulted in enhanced inhibitory effects. At 0.5 mg/L, the inhibitory effect was noticeable. At 1 mg/L, the inhibitory rate was 53.15%. The inhibitory effect became stronger with time; among 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of treatment, the most significant effects were observed at 72 hours. Tanshinone II-A also significantly inhibited in vivo metastasis of HepG2 cells. Tanshinone II-A inhibited in vitro and in vivo invasion and metastasis of HCC cells by reducing the expression of the metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9 and by blocking NF-kappa B activation. Conclusions Tanshinone II-A effectively inhibited invasion and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo, partly by inhibiting the activity of MMP2 and MMP9, and partly via the NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yuxian
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA 210th Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning Province
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Zhengcai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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16
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Mozaffari HR, Ramezani M, Mahmoudiahmadabadi M, Omidpanah N, Sadeghi M. Salivary and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 124:e183-e189. [PMID: 28823317 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has a role in the progression of the oral lichen planus (OLP). The aim of this meta-analysis study was to evaluate the salivary and serum TNF-α levels in patients with OLP. STUDY DESIGN We searched in the databases of PubMed/Medline, Science direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies reported from 1983 to 2016. All studies were checked for evaluation of salivary and serum levels of TNF-α in patients with OLP compared with healthy controls. RESULTS Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. The mean difference of 7 studies reporting salivary TNF-α levels in patients with OLP versus healthy controls was 25.90 pg/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.31-36.49; P < .00001) and 7 studies reporting serum TNF-α levels was 1.65 pg/mL (95% CI -0.82 to 4.11; P = .19). CONCLUSIONS In patients with OLP, the higher levels of TNF-α in saliva compared with serum suggest that measurement of this marker in saliva may be more useful than in serum for determining diagnostic and therapeutic aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Mozaffari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mazaher Ramezani
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Emam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Neda Omidpanah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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17
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Zou W, Zhou H, Hu J, Zhang L, Tang Q, Wen X, Xiao Z, Wang W. Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae inhibits pathogen-induced upper genital tract inflammation in rats through suppression of NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:103-113. [PMID: 28238827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae (RSG) is traditionally used to treat gynecological disease, which is simply recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, whether it has effect on upper genital tract inflammation (UGTI) is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the pharmacological effect of RSG on UGTI in rats and analyze its phytochemistry characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The substances in RSG extract was qualified by LC-Q-TOF-MS method, and 11 substances were further quantified. The RSG extract, at dose of 241, 482 (clinical dose) and 964mg/kg/day, was orally administered to UGTI rats whose upper genital tracts were multi-infected with pathogens. Infiltrations of neutrophil and lymphocyte and productions of IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL-1, MCP-1, RANTES, PGE2, COX-2, NF-κB p65 and IκB-α in upper genital tract were examined to evaluate the effects of RSG and its potential mechanism. RESULTS A total of 77 substances were detected in RSG extract, with 50 substances putatively identified, most of which were flavonoids, phenolic acids and phenylpropanoids. The quantification analysis showed flavonoid had a relative high amount. In pharmacological study, RSG extract suppressed infiltrations of inflammatory cells, reduced over-productions of factors involved in inflammation and pelvic pain. A potential mechanism of these effects was blocking NF-κB signal pathway. CONCLUSIONS The RSG extract exhibited anti-inflammatory effect on UGTI, with a potential mechanism of blocking the activation of NF-κB signal pathway. The effect may be involved in the presence of substances, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hougang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China; TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qiue Tang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaoke Wen
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Zuoqi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy, but the molecular events involved in the development and progression of EC remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), a member of DNA methyltransferases, in EC. AN3CA cells were transfected with DNMT1 siRNA. The proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of AN3CA cells were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. The expression of related genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Knockdown of DNMT1 inhibited the proliferation, induced apoptosis, and G0/G1 phase arrest of AN3CA cells. Furthermore, knockdown of DNMT1 upregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B-inhibitor alpha (NF-κBIA) and Bax and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and CCND1/2 in AN3CA cells. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that knockdown of DNMT1 affects the expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-associated proteins in EC cells, suggesting the potential of DNMT1 in EC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilan Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wu YP, Cao C, Wu YF, Li M, Lai TW, Zhu C, Wang Y, Ying SM, Chen ZH, Shen HH, Li W. Activating transcription factor 3 represses cigarette smoke-induced IL6 and IL8 expression via suppressing NF-κB activation. Toxicol Lett 2017; 270:17-24. [PMID: 28185985 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Airway and lung inflammation is a fundamental hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) has been reported to negatively regulate many pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. However, little is known about the impact of ATF3 on the inflammatory response of COPD. Since cigarette smoke (CS) is considered to be the most important risk factor in the etiology of COPD, we attempted to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of ATF3 in CS-induced inflammation. We observed an increase in the expression of ATF3 in the lung tissues of CS-exposed mice and CS extract (CSE)-treated human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. In vitro results indicated that ATF3 inhibition significantly increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL6) and interleukin 8 (IL8) in CSE-stimulated HBE cells. Furthermore, in vivo data verified that CS induced inflammatory cell recruitment around the bronchus. In addition, neutrophil infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of CS-exposed Atf3-/- mice was markedly higher than in stimulated WT mice. Finally, ATF3 deficiency increased the in vitro and in vivo expression and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a positive mediator of inflammation. Thus, this study shows that ATF3 plays an important role in the negative regulation of CS-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression through downregulating NF-κB phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yin-Fang Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Wen Lai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song-Min Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Key site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Zou W, Xiao Z, Wen X, Luo J, Chen S, Cheng Z, Xiang D, Hu J, He J. The anti-inflammatory effect of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees on pelvic inflammatory disease in rats through down-regulation of the NF-κB pathway. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:483. [PMID: 27887650 PMCID: PMC5123283 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees (APN), a principal constituent of a famous traditional Chinese medicine Fukeqianjin tablet which is used for the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effect in vitro. However, whether it has pharmacological effect on PID in vivo is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to test the anti-inflammatory effect of APN and illuminate a potential mechanism. METHODS Thirty-six female specific pathogen-free SD rats were randomly divided into control group, PID group, APN1 group, APN2 group, APN3 group and prednisone group. Pathogen-induced PID rats were constructed. The APN1, APN2 and APN3 group rats were orally administrated with APN extract at different levels. The prednisone group rats were administrated with prednisone. Eight days after the first infection, the histological examination of upper genital tract was carried out, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out using homogenate of the uterus and fallopian tube. Furthermore, immunohistochemical evaluations of NF-κB p65 and IκB-α in uterus was conducted. RESULTS APN obviously suppressed the infiltrations of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and it could significantly reduce the excessive production of cytokines and chemokines including IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL-1, MCP-1 and RANTES in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, APN could block the pathogen-induced activation of NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION APN showed potent anti-inflammatory effect on pathogen-induced PID in rats, with a potential mechanism of inhibiting the NF-κB signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 53 XiangChun Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zuoqi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 53 XiangChun Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xiaoke Wen
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 53 XiangChun Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jieying Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Shuqiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 53 XiangChun Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zeneng Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Daxiong Xiang
- Clinic Pharmacy Research Laboratory, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 53 XiangChun Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jingyu He
- Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1121 Haibin Road, Guangzhou, 511458, Guangdong, China.
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Mellert W, Deckardt K, Gembardt C, Zwirner-Baier I, Jäckh R, van Ravenzwaay B. Aniline: early indicators of toxicity in male rats and their relevance to spleen carcinogenicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 23:379-89. [PMID: 15346719 DOI: 10.1191/0960327104ht466oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Early indicators of aniline hydrochloride (AH) toxicity were investigated in male Fisher 344 rats for 1 or 4 weeks at dietary dose levels of 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day (actual intake at least 6, 17 and 57 mg/kg). The doses were based on earlier studies that had shown spleen toxicity and carcinogenicity in male rats at 100 mg/kg/day but not at 10 mg/12/kg/day. In the present study a dose-related formation of haemoglobin adducts and Heinz bodies was found from 10 and 30 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, onwards. Signs of anaemia (decreased red blood cell counts and increased reticulocytes) were recorded from 30 mg/kg onwards. At 100 mg/kg, an overt haemolytic anaemia was associated with increases in serum transferrin concentration and total iron binding capacity in the blood reflecting major perturbations in iron metabolism. At this dose there was an increase in peripheral neutrophil leucocytosis in the blood, indicating an inflammatory process in the spleen. Histopathologic evaluation showed a focal perisplenitis and haemosiderin deposition in sinusoidal Kupffer cells of the liver at 100 mg/kg. These results corroborate the contention that carcinogenic doses of aniline cause early effects on haematological parameters, inflammatory reaction in the spleen and perturbations in iron metabolism as a result of haemolytic anaemia. Accordingly, the carcinogenicity of aniline may be linked to definable threshold-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mellert
- BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Product Safety, Z 470, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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22
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Lin CL, Hsieh SL, Leung W, Jeng JH, Huang GC, Lee CT, Wu CC. 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside suppresses human colorectal cancer cell metastasis through inhibiting NF-κB activation. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:629-38. [PMID: 27278328 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG), a major component of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (He-Shou-Wu), has been reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its anti-metastatic effect against colorectal cancer is still unclear. In this study, cell migration, invasion and adhesion abilities as well as metastasis-associated protein and NF-κB pathway signaling factor expression were analyzed after treating HT-29 cells with THSG. According to the results, the migration and invasiveness of HT-29 cells were reduced after treatment with 5 or 10 mM THSG (p<0.05). Additionally, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and phosphorylated VE-cadherin in HT-29 cells were reduced and the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of EA.hy926 endothelial cell monolayers was increased after incubation in THSG for 24 h (p<0.05). Cell adhesion ability and the E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein levels were reduced when EA.hy926 endothelial cells were treated with THSG (p<0.05). In addition, the cytoplasmic phosphorylation of IκB, the nuclear p65 level and the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB were reduced after treating HT-29 or EA.hy926 cells with 5 or 10 mM THSG (p<0.05). These results suggest that THSG inhibits HT-29 cell metastasis by suppressing cell migration, invasion and adhesion. Furthermore, THSG inhibits metastasis-associated protein expression by suppressing NF-κB pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Liang Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan Leung
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Guan-Cheng Huang
- Department of Health-Business Administration, School of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chining-Ting Lee
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Nuclear Transcription Factor Kappa B Downregulation Reduces Chemoresistance in Bone Marrow-derived Cells Through P-glycoprotein Modulation. Arch Med Res 2016; 47:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Singh V, Gupta D, Arora R. NF-kB as a key player in regulation of cellular radiation responses and identification of radiation countermeasures. Discoveries (Craiova) 2015; 3:e35. [PMID: 32309561 PMCID: PMC7159829 DOI: 10.15190/d.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is a transcription factor that plays significant role in immunity, cellular survival and inhibition of apoptosis, through the induction of genetic networks. Depending on the stimulus and the cell type, the members of NF-κB related family (RelA, c-Rel, RelB, p50, and p52), forms different combinations of homo and hetero-dimers. The activated complexes (Es) translocate into the nucleus and bind to the 10bp κB site of promoter region of target genes in stimulus specific manner. In response to radiation, NF-κB is known to reduce cell death by promoting the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and activation of cellular antioxidant defense system. Constitutive activation of NF-κB associated genes in tumour cells are known to enhance radiation resistance, whereas deletion in mice results in hypersensitivity to IR-induced GI damage. NF-κB is also known to regulate the production of a wide variety of cytokines and chemokines, which contribute in enhancing cell proliferation and tissue regeneration in various organs, such as the GI crypts stem cells, bone marrow etc., following exposure to IR. Several other cytokines are also known to exert potent pro-inflammatory effects that may contribute to the increase of tissue damage following exposure to ionizing radiation. Till date there are a series of molecules or group of compounds that have been evaluated for their radio-protective potential, and very few have reached clinical trials. The failure or less success of identified agents in humans could be due to their reduced radiation protection efficacy.
In this review we have considered activation of NF-κB as a potential marker in screening of radiation countermeasure agents (RCAs) and cellular radiation responses. Moreover, we have also focused on associated mechanisms of activation of NF-κB signaling and their specified family member activation with respect to stimuli. Furthermore, we have categorized their regulated gene expressions and their function in radiation response or modulation. In addition, we have discussed some recently developed radiation countermeasures in relation to NF-κB activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Singh
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Damodar Gupta
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Arora
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
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Lou C, Yokoyama S, Saiki I, Hayakawa Y. Selective anticancer activity of hirsutine against HER2‑positive breast cancer cells by inducing DNA damage. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2072-6. [PMID: 25672479 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirsutine is one of the major alkaloids isolated from plants of the Uncaria genus and is known for its cardioprotective, anti‑hypertensive and anti-arrhythmic activities. We recently reported that hirsutine is an anti-metastatic phytochemical by targeting NF-κB activation in a murine breast cancer model. In the present study, we further examined the clinical utility of hirsutine against human breast cancer. Among six distinct human breast cancer cell lines, hirsutine showed strong cytotoxicity against HER2-positive/p53-mutated MDA-MB‑453 and BT474 cell lines. Conversely, HER2-negative/p53 wild‑type MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cell lines showed resistance against hirsutine-induced cytotoxicity. Hirsutine induced apoptotic cell death in the MDA-MB-453 cells, but not in the MCF-7 cells, through activation of caspases. Furthermore, hirsutine induced the DNA damage response in the MDA-MB-453 cells, but not in the MCF-7 cells, as highlighted by the upregulation of γH2AX expression. Along with the induction of the DNA damage response, the suppression of HER2, NF-κB and Akt pathways and the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway in the MDA-MB-453 cells were observed. Considering that there was no difference between MDA-MB-453 and MCF-7 cells in regards to irinotecan‑induced DNA damage response, our present results indicate the selective anticancer activity of hirsutine in HER2-positive breast cancer by inducing a DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghua Lou
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ikuo Saiki
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Liu L, Mu Q, Li W, Xing W, Zhang H, Fan T, Yao H, He L. Isofraxidin protects mice from LPS challenge by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and alleviating histopathological changes. Immunobiology 2014; 220:406-13. [PMID: 25454811 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isofraxidin (IF), the major bioactive component of Sarcandra glabra, has been reported to be an effective anti-inflammatory compound. In a previous study, we showed that IF acts via the MAPK pathway to produce anti-inflammatory effects, both in vivo and in vitro. However, the effect and mechanism of action of IF on inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB activation in vivo has not been investigated. We therefore aimed to evaluate how IF regulates the production of inflammatory cytokines in vivo by intraperitoneal injection of IF (1, 5 or 15mg/kg) prior to treatment with LPS (1mg/kg, i.p.). Macroscopic, biochemical and histopathological parameters were measured. Treatment with IF prior to LPS challenge decreased mortality rate, body weight loss, organ coefficient and histopathological changes. IF also suppressed the protein expression of NF-κB, levels of NO and IL-6 in serum and production of TNF-α in liver. Our results show that pretreatment with IF increases the survival rate following LPS stimulation in mice. The effect involves regulation of NF-κB signal which, in turn, regulates production of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, suggesting that IF may have a therapeutic effect against LPS-induced inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Qingli Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Wei Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Ting Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Huan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Western Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
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Lou C, Takahashi K, Irimura T, Saiki I, Hayakawa Y. Identification of Hirsutine as an anti-metastatic phytochemical by targeting NF-κB activation. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2085-91. [PMID: 25175557 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation has been implicated not only in carcinogenesis but also in cancer cell invasion and metastatic process; therefore, targeting the NF-κB pathway is an attractive strategy for controlling meta-stasis. Amongst 56 chemically defined compounds derived from natural products, we have identified a new phytochemical compound Hirsutine, which strongly suppresses NF-κB activity in murine 4T1 breast cancer cells. In accordance with the NF-κB inhibition, Hirsutine reduced the metastatic potential of 4T1 cells, as seen in the inhibition of the migration and invasion capacity of 4T1 cells. Hirsutine further inhibited the constitutive expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in 4T1 cells, and reduced the in vivo lung metastatic potential of 4T1 cells in the experimental model. Given that the migration of human breast cancer cells was also inhibited, our present study implies that Hirsutine is an attractive phytochemical compound for reducing metastasis potential of cancer cells by regulating tumor-promoting NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghua Lou
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Irimura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ikuo Saiki
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Yang SY, Tai BH, Song SB, Li W, Yan XT, Sun YN, Nguyen PT, Kim YH. NF-κB Activation and PPAR Transactivational Effects of a New Aliphatic Acid Amide from Pericarps of Zanthoxylum piperitum. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.8.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hardman WE. Diet components can suppress inflammation and reduce cancer risk. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:233-40. [PMID: 24944766 PMCID: PMC4058555 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiology studies indicate that diet or specific dietary components can reduce the risk for cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. An underlying cause of these diseases is chronic inflammation. Dietary components that are beneficial against disease seem to have multiple mechanisms of action and many also have a common mechanism of reducing inflammation, often via the NFκB pathway. Thus, a plant based diet can contain many components that reduce inflammation and can reduce the risk for developing all three of these chronic diseases. We summarize dietary components that have been shown to reduce cancer risk and two studies that show that dietary walnut can reduce cancer growth and development. Part of the mechanism for the anticancer benefit of walnut was by suppressing the activation of NFκB. In this brief review, we focus on reduction of cancer risk by dietary components and the relationship to suppression of inflammation. However, it should be remembered that most dietary components have multiple beneficial mechanisms of action that can be additive and that suppression of chronic inflammation should reduce the risk for all three chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Elaine Hardman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Dr., Huntington, West Virginia 25701-3655, USA
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30
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Wu CC, Lii CK, Liu KL, Chen PY, Hsieh SL. Antiinflammatory Activity of Gynura bicolor ( Hóng Fèng Cài) Ether Extract Through Inhibits Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 3:48-52. [PMID: 24716155 PMCID: PMC3924976 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated effects of the Gynura bicolor (Roxb. and Willd.) DC. ether extract (GBEE) on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG)E2 production on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells. A composition analysis of GBEE showed that the major compounds were b-carotene, chlorophyll, and quercetin, respectively. Furthermore, NO and PGE2 levels of 120 μg/ml GBEE-treated cells were 70% and 9.8%, respectively, than those of cells treated with LPS alone. Immunoblots assays showed that the GBEE dose-dependently suppressed LPS-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein levels. The GBEE significantly decreased cytosolic phosphorylated (p)-IκBa and nuclear p65 protein expressions. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays indicated that the GBEE effectively inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation induced by LPS. These results support a role of the GBEE in suppressing activation of NF-κB to inhibit NO and PGE2 production in the LPS-induced inflammatory response by RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yin Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Sciences, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
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Park SY, Seetharaman R, Ko MJ, Kim DY, Kim TH, Yoon MK, Kwak JH, Lee SJ, Bae YS, Choi YW. Ethyl linoleate from garlic attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production by inducing heme oxygenase-1 in RAW264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:253-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Brahe LK, Astrup A, Larsen LH. Is butyrate the link between diet, intestinal microbiota and obesity-related metabolic diseases? Obes Rev 2013; 14:950-9. [PMID: 23947604 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that there is a connection between diet, intestinal microbiota, intestinal barrier function and the low-grade inflammation that characterizes the progression from obesity to metabolic disturbances, making dietary strategies to modulate the intestinal environment relevant. In this context, the ability of some Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria to produce the short-chain fatty acid butyrate is interesting. A lower abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria has been associated with metabolic risk in humans, and recent studies suggest that butyrate might have an anti-inflammatory potential that can alleviate obesity-related metabolic complications, possibly due to its ability to enhance the intestinal barrier function. Here, we review and discuss the potential of butyrate as an anti-inflammatory mediator in metabolic diseases, and the potential for dietary interventions increasing the intestinal availability of butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Brahe
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Padoan E, Ferraresso S, Pegolo S, Castagnaro M, Barnini C, Bargelloni L. Real time RT-PCR analysis of inflammatory mediator expression in recurrent airway obstruction-affected horses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 156:190-9. [PMID: 24176614 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to investigate mRNA expression levels of several cytokines and inflammatory mediators in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and respiratory epithelium in recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)-affected horses. RAO, also called heaves, is a common, performance-limiting, equine respiratory disease with clinical signs and pathophysiological similarities to human asthma, and characterized by bronchospasm, neutrophilic infiltration and increased mucus in the airways. Six RAO-affected horses were examined twice within 15 days and seven clinically healthy horses were examined for comparison. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to assess mRNA expression of the inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17, TNFα, INFγ, TGFβ1, NFκ-β and TRL4 in bronchial biopsies and in BAL fluid. Gene expression levels were then compared with clinical signs, endoscopic examination, complete blood cell count, cytology of BAL fluid, histological examination of bronchial tissue and bacteriological and mycological examinations. Expression of IL1β, IL8, TLR4, TNFα, TGFβ1 and NFkβ transcripts was significantly up-regulated in RAO-affected compared to healthy horses. A similar trend, albeit not significant, was showed for IL17 and INFγ. A highly significant correlation was observed among IL-1β, IL8, TGFβ1, NFkβ, TRL4, and INFγ expression patterns as well as between expression levels of these genes and clinical parameters. In the present study, the comparison between clinically healthy and RAO-affected horses gave new insights on the cytokine expression in equine health and disease status. The identification of cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of RAO may contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Padoan
- Equine Patavium Hospital, via G.Trieste n 21, Limena, PD, Italy; Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padua, Viale dell'Universita' 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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Wu CC, Lii CK, Liu KL, Chen PY, Hsieh SL. Antiinflammatory Activity of Gynura bicolor (紅鳳菜 Hóng Fèng Cài) Ether Extract Through Inhibits Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation. J Tradit Complement Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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35
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Fu R, Yan T, Wang Q, Guo Q, Yao H, Wu X, Li Y. Suppression of endothelial cell adhesion by XJP-1, a new phenolic compound derived from banana peel. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 57:105-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Liu Y, Wu H, Nie YC, Chen JL, Su WW, Li PB. Naringin attenuates acute lung injury in LPS-treated mice by inhibiting NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1606-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Increases in β-amyloid protein in the hippocampus caused by diabetic metabolic disorder are blocked by minocycline through inhibition of NF-κB pathway activation. Pharmacol Rep 2011; 63:381-91. [PMID: 21602593 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the NF-κB pathway plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and blocking NF-κB pathway activation has been shown to attenuate cognitive impairment. Diabetic metabolic disorder contributes to β-amyloid protein (Aβ) generation. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of minocycline on Aβ generation and the NF-κB pathway in the hippocampus of diabetic rats and to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanisms of minocycline for the treatment of diabetic metabolic disorder. The diabetic rat model was established using a high-fat diet and an intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ). Behavioral tests showed that the capacity of learning and memory was significantly lower in diabetic rats. The levels of NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β and TNF-α after the STZ injection were significantly increased in the hippocampus. Significant increases in Aβ, BACE1, NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β and TNF-α were found in diabetic rats. The levels of Aβ, NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased after minocycline administration; however, minocycline had no effect on BACE1 expression. In sum, diabetes contributes to the activation of the NF-κB pathway and upregulates BACE1 and Aβ. Minocycline downregulates Aβ in the hippocampus by inhibiting NF-κB pathway activation.
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XJP-1, a novel ACEI, with anti-inflammatory properties in HUVECs. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:40-8. [PMID: 21803355 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated whether 8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone (XJP-1), a novel angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), exhibited inhibitory activity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-accelerated vascular inflammation. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were isolated from human umbilical cords and cultured. The direct effect of XJP-1 on the activation of endothelial cells was measured using MTT assay. Nitric oxide (NO) in the culture medium was measured using Griess method. The expression of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) was determined by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. The protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion were measured using ELISA. Quantitative analysis of eNOS, iNOS, inhibitory factor NF-κB (IκB) and MAPKs were determined using Western blot analysis. The translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was determined using immunofluorescence. RESULTS XJP-1 significantly inhibited LPS-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction, as measured by NO production, iNOS expression, adhesion molecule (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) expression, and chemokine (TNF-α, MCP-1) production in vitro. It up-regulated eNOS expression in the same experimental setting. XJP-1 alone was found non-cytotoxic at the concentration up to 1000μM. The mechanistic investigations of XJP-1 suppression LPS-induced inflammation in HUVECs revealed that XJP-1 blocked NF-κB nuclear entry in an IκB-dependent manner, as well as inhibited MAPK activation induced by LPS. XJP-1 reduced endothelin-1 secretion and increased nitric oxide metabolite production by HUVECs. However, the effect of XJP-1 on nitric oxide and endothelin-1 metabolite production is mediated by the activation of bradykinin B(2) receptor being counteracted, at least in part, by a specific antagonist. CONCLUSION XJP-1 inhibited LPS-induced cytotoxicity and inflammatory response. The mechanism underlying this protective effect might be related to the inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway activation, suggesting the potential inhibition of the atherosclerotic process by suppressing the expression of chemoattractant molecules and monocyte adhesion. XJP-1 also has an effect in improving endothelin-1 through activating bradykinin B(2) receptor. These findings indicated that XJP-1 is potentially a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Zhang Y, Lang JY, Liu L, Wang J, Feng G, Jiang Y, Deng YL, Wang XJ, Yang YH, Dai TZ, Xie G, Pu J, Du XB. Association of nuclear factor κB expression with a poor outcome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Med Oncol 2010; 28:1338-42. [PMID: 20499210 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nuclear factor κB and the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We used immunohistochemical studies to examine nuclear factor κB expression in 42 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The results showed that tumors positive for nuclear factor κB were associated with an increased relapse potential, poor disease-free survival, and reduced overall survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Our study indicates that nuclear factor κB could be an independent molecular marker for predicting poor prognosis among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Understanding the biology of nuclear factor κB-mediated pathways may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Mian Yang Central Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 621000, People's Republic of China
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Sassá MF, Saturi AET, Souza LF, Ribeiro LCDA, Sgarbi DBDG, Carlos IZ. Response of macrophage Toll-like receptor 4 to a Sporothrix schenckii lipid extract during experimental sporotrichosis. Immunology 2009; 128:301-9. [PMID: 19740386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors have been implicated in the recognition of various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa and fungi. However, no information is available about Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) participation in Sporothrix schenckii recognition and the consequent triggering of the immune response to this fungal pathogen. Following activation of TLRs by ligands of microbial origin, several responses are provoked, including reactions in immune cells that may lead them to produce signalling factors that trigger inflammation. The present study was designed to elucidate the role of TLR4 during the host response to S. schenckii. TLR4-deficient (C3H/HeJ) and control mice (C3H/HePas) were infected with S. schenckii yeast cells and immune response was assessed over 10 weeks by assaying production of pro-inflammatory mediator (nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor-alpha) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-10) by peritoneal macrophages and their correlation with apoptosis in peritoneal exudate cells. We found that both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators are reduced in TLR4-deficient mice, suggesting the involvement of this receptor in the recognition of this infectious agent. Translocation into the nucleus of nuclear transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB, was also evaluated and showed higher levels in TLR-4 normal mice, consistent with the results found for cytokine production. We are showing here, for the first time, the involvement of TLR4 in S. schenckii recognition. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the activation of peritoneal macrophages in response to S. schenckii lipid extracts has different responses in these two mouse strains which differ in TLR4 expression, suggesting an important role for TLR4 in governing the functions of macrophages in this fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheli F Sassá
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14801-902, Brazil.
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Inhibitory effects of tanshinone II-A on invasion and metastasis of human colon carcinoma cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:1537-42. [PMID: 19820721 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of tanshinone II-A, an alcohol extract of the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, on tumor invasion and metastasis of human colon carcinoma (CRC) cells. METHODS The effects of tanshinone II-A on invasion and metastasis of CRC cell lines HT29 and SW480 were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays. Western blotting was used to investigate possible molecular mechanisms of tanshinone II-A anti-cancer actions. RESULTS Tanshinone II-A inhibited migration and invasion of CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect also depended on time, with the most significant effects observed at 72 h. Tanshinone II-A also significantly inhibited in vivo metastasis of colon carcinoma SW480 cells. It inhibited in vitro and in vivo invasion and metastasis of CRC cells by reducing levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and by increasing levels of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase protein (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. Tanshinone II-A was also shown to suppress the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signal. CONCLUSION Tanshinone II-A inhibited in vitro and in vivo invasion and metastasis of CRC cells. The effect resulted from changes in the levels of uPA, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, and apparent inhibition of the NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway.
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Folmer F, Jaspars M, Solano G, Cristofanon S, Henry E, Tabudravu J, Black K, Green DH, Küpper FC, Aalbersberg W, Feussner K, Dicato M, Diederich M. The inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation by marine natural products. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:592-606. [PMID: 19445900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The deregulated activation of NF-kappaB is associated with cancer development and inflammatory diseases. With an aim to find new NF-kappaB inhibitors, we purified and characterized compounds from extracts of the Fijian sponge Rhabdastrella globostellata, the crinoid Comanthus parvicirrus, the soft corals Sarcophyton sp. nov. and Sinularia sp., and the gorgonian Subergorgia sp. after an initial screening of 266 extracts from different marine origins. Results obtained show that selected purified compounds had a cytotoxic effect on the human leukaemia cell line K562, inhibited both TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB-DNA binding as well as TNF-alpha-induced IkappaBalpha degradation and nuclear translocation of p50/p65. Furthermore, we observed the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation induced by an overexpression of IKKbeta. Interestingly, natural products inhibited IKKbeta kinase as well as the 26S proteasome proteolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Folmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, UK
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43
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Chang LY, Wan HC, Lai YL, Kuo YF, Liu TY, Chen YT, Hung SL. Areca nut extracts increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Periodontal Res 2009; 44:175-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Park CH, Yamabe N, Noh JS, Kang KS, Tanaka T, Yokozawa T. The Beneficial Effects of Morroniside on the Inflammatory Response and Lipid Metabolism in the Liver of db/ db Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1734-40. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ki Sung Kang
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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Han JM, Lee WS, Kim JR, Son J, Kwon OH, Lee HJ, Lee JJ, Jeong TS. Effect of 5-O-Methylhirsutanonol on nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent production of NO and expression of iNOS in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:92-98. [PMID: 18069795 DOI: 10.1021/jf0721085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Diarylheptanoids are known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activities in various cell types, including macrophages. 5- O-Methylhirsutanonol (5-MH) isolated from the leaves of Alnus japonica Steud exhibited the antioxidant activities on Cu (2+)- and AAPH-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay as well as the macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation. In the main study, we examined anti-inflammatory activities of 5- O-methylhirsutanonol (5-MH) on nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthease (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. 5-MH inhibited NO production with an IC 50 value of 14.5 microM and expression of both iNOS protein and iNOS mRNA in a parallel dose-response manner. Then, expression of inflammation-associated genes, such as TNF-alpha, COX-2, and IL-1beta, was suppressed by 5-MH, as determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Moreover, 5-MH attenuated NF-kappaB activation by inhibition of hyperphosphorylation of IkappaB-alpha and its subsequent proteolytic degradation and p65 nuclear translocation, as well as preventing DNA-binding ability. In addition, 5-MH suppressed the mRNA expression of the gene reactive oxygen species (ROS) concerned in the regulation of NF-kappaB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Han
- National Research Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, System Proteomics Research Center, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, Korea
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Luo P, Tan Z, Zhang Z, Li H, Mo Z. Inhibitory Effects of Salvianolic Acid B on the High Glucose-Induced Mesangial Proliferation via NF-.KAPPA.B-Dependent Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1381-6. [PMID: 18591779 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Luo
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University
| | | | | | - Honghao Li
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University
| | - Zhengji Mo
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University
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Verma A, Mehta K. Tissue transglutaminase-mediated chemoresistance in cancer cells. Drug Resist Updat 2007; 10:144-51. [PMID: 17662645 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance and metastasis are major impediments for the successful treatment of cancer. A common feature among drug resistant and metastatic tumor cells is that they exhibit profound resistance to apoptosis. This property enables cancer cells not only to grow and survive in stressful environments (metastasis) but also to display resistance against many anticancer agents. Therefore, perturbation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathways of cancer cells will affect their ability to respond to chemotherapy and to metastasize and survive in distant sites. Recent studies have demonstrated that cancer cells and cancer cell lines selected for resistance against chemotherapeutic drugs or isolated from metastatic sites, express elevated levels of the multifunctional protein, tissue transglutaminase (TG2). TG2 is the most diverse and ubiquitous member of the transglutaminase family of proteins that is implicated to play a role in apoptosis, wound healing, cell migration, cell attachment, cell growth, angiogenesis, and matrix assembly. TG2 can associate with certain beta members of the integrin family of proteins (beta1, beta3, beta4, and beta5) and promote stable interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), resulting in increased cell survival, cell migration, and invasion. Additionally, TG2 forms a ternary complex with IkappaB/p65:p50 and results in constitutive activation of the nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Moreover, TG2 expression in cancer cells leads to constitutive activation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its downstream PI3K/Akt survival pathway. Importantly, the inhibition of endogenous TG2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in the reversal of drug resistance and the invasive phenotype. Conversely, ectopic expression of TG2 promoted cell survival, cell motility and invasive functions of cancer cells. This review discusses the current thinking and implications of increased TG2 expression in development of drug resistance and metastasis by cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Verma
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 362, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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Hou CC, Chen YP, Wu JH, Huang CC, Wang SY, Yang NS, Shyur LF. A Galactolipid Possesses Novel Cancer Chemopreventive Effects by Suppressing Inflammatory Mediators and Mouse B16 Melanoma. Cancer Res 2007; 67:6907-15. [PMID: 17638902 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Crassocephalum rabens (Asteraceae) is a popular anti-inflammatory folk medicine and food supplement. We investigated the cancer chemopreventive bioactivity of C. rabens phytocompounds in vitro and in vivo using cell- and gene-based bioassays and a mouse B16 melanoma model. The bioactive glyceroglycolipid 1,2-di-O-alpha-linolenoyl-3-O-beta-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (dLGG) that was identified from C. rabens was found in vitro and in vivo to be a potent nitric oxide (NO) scavenger. dLGG treatment inhibited both mRNA and protein expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in murine macrophages and inhibited COX-2 gene transcription in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-treated B16 cells. In immunohistochemical studies, dLGG inhibited TPA-induced expression of COX-2 and nitration of proteins in mouse skin. dLGG could also significantly inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E(2) production in murine macrophages. Furthermore, dLGG prevented nuclear translocation of cytoplasmic nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) by suppressing IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation. Structure-activity relationship study by electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that the dilinolenoylglycerol moiety in dLGG is the essential structural feature preventing NF-kappaB.DNA complex formation. A dLGG-enriched extract from C. rabens (10 mg/kg) markedly suppressed B16 melanoma growth in C57BL/6J mice following i.p. administration, an effect comparable with that of cisplatin, a cancer chemotherapeutic drug. This study shows the detailed molecular mechanism(s) underlying the anti-inflammatory and tumor-suppressive effects of a natural galactolipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chung Hou
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Seifried HE, Anderson DE, Fisher EI, Milner JA. A review of the interaction among dietary antioxidants and reactive oxygen species. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18:567-79. [PMID: 17360173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
During normal cellular activities, various processes inside of cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Some of the most common ROS are hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), superoxide ion (O(2)(-)), and hydroxide radical (OH(-)). These compounds, when present in a high enough concentration, can damage cellular proteins and lipids or form DNA adducts that may promote carcinogenic activity. The purpose of antioxidants in a physiological setting is to prevent ROS concentrations from reaching a high-enough level within a cell that damage may occur. Cellular antioxidants may be enzymatic (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) or nonenzymatic (glutathione, thiols, some vitamins and metals, or phytochemicals such as isoflavones, polyphenols, and flavanoids). Reactive oxygen species are a potential double-edged sword in disease prevention and promotion. Whereas generation of ROS once was viewed as detrimental to the overall health of the organism, advances in research have shown that ROS play crucial roles in normal physiological processes including response to growth factors, the immune response, and apoptotic elimination of damaged cells. Notwithstanding these beneficial functions, aberrant production or regulation of ROS activity has been demonstrated to contribute to the development of some prevalent diseases and conditions, including cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The topic of antioxidant usage and ROS is currently receiving much attention because of studies linking the use of some antioxidants with increased mortality in primarily higher-risk populations and the lack of strong efficacy data for protection against cancer and heart disease, at least in populations with adequate baseline dietary consumption. In normal physiological processes, antioxidants effect signal transduction and regulation of proliferation and the immune response. Reactive oxygen species have been linked to cancer and CVD, and antioxidants have been considered promising therapy for prevention and treatment of these diseases, especially given the tantalizing links observed between diets high in fruits and vegetables (and presumably antioxidants) and decreased risks for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold E Seifried
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20862, USA.
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Chang LY, Wan HC, Lai YL, Liu TY, Hung SL. Enhancing Effects of Areca Nut Extracts on the Production of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. J Periodontol 2006; 77:1969-77. [PMID: 17209780 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.060039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The habit of chewing areca quid (AQ) has been implicated in oral pathogenesis, including periodontal disease. Little is understood about the roles of AQ in the cytokine secretion by immune cells. The study examined the effects of areca nut, the major ingredient of AQ, on the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), the immunocompetent cells. The possible role of oxidative stress of areca nut was also examined. METHODS Extracts of ripe areca nut (rANE) and tender areca nut (tANE) were examined for their cytotoxic effects on human PBMC using the trypan blue exclusion test. The production of IL-6 and IL-8 by ANE-treated PBMC was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Effects of an antioxidant, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), on ANE-induced cytokine secretion were also studied. RESULTS At the experimental conditions, 20 micro g/ml rANE decreased cell viability significantly, whereas no significant effect of tANE (< or =80 micro g/ml) was observed. Both rANE (< or =20 micro g/ml) and tANE (< or =160 micro g/ml) significantly increased the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by PBMC in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The altered mRNA expression of IL-6 by rANE and tANE was also observed. Moreover, the stimulating effects of rANE on cytokine expression in PBMC could be attenuated by PDTC, suggesting that the oxidative stress of rANE may play a role. CONCLUSIONS Markedly enhancing effects of ANE on PBMC-released inflammatory cytokines might cause a sustained cytokine-rich inflammatory milieu in oral cavity of AQ chewers. These excessive cytokines from ANE-treated immune cells may impair periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Yu Chang
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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