1
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Dini I, De Biasi MG, Mancusi A. An Overview of the Potentialities of Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Natural Sources. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1483. [PMID: 36358138 PMCID: PMC9686932 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are constituents of the innate immune system in every kind of living organism. They can act by disrupting the microbial membrane or without affecting membrane stability. Interest in these small peptides stems from the fear of antibiotics and the emergence of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics. Through membrane or metabolic disruption, they defend an organism against invading bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. High efficacy and specificity, low drug interaction and toxicity, thermostability, solubility in water, and biological diversity suggest their applications in food, medicine, agriculture, animal husbandry, and aquaculture. Nanocarriers can be used to protect, deliver, and improve their bioavailability effectiveness. High cost of production could limit their use. This review summarizes the natural sources, structures, modes of action, and applications of microbial peptides in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Any restrictions on AMPs' large-scale production are also taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Mancusi
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
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2
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Ongpipattanakul C, Desormeaux EK, DiCaprio A, van der Donk WA, Mitchell DA, Nair SK. Mechanism of Action of Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-Translationally Modified Peptides. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14722-14814. [PMID: 36049139 PMCID: PMC9897510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a natural product class that has undergone significant expansion due to the rapid growth in genome sequencing data and recognition that they are made by biosynthetic pathways that share many characteristic features. Their mode of actions cover a wide range of biological processes and include binding to membranes, receptors, enzymes, lipids, RNA, and metals as well as use as cofactors and signaling molecules. This review covers the currently known modes of action (MOA) of RiPPs. In turn, the mechanisms by which these molecules interact with their natural targets provide a rich set of molecular paradigms that can be used for the design or evolution of new or improved activities given the relative ease of engineering RiPPs. In this review, coverage is limited to RiPPs originating from bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanid Ongpipattanakul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Emily K. Desormeaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Adam DiCaprio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Departments of Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Corresponding authors Wilfred A. van der Donk, , 217-244-5360, Douglas A. Mitchell, , 217-333-1345, Satish K. Nair, , 217-333-0641
| | - Douglas A. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Departments of Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Corresponding authors Wilfred A. van der Donk, , 217-244-5360, Douglas A. Mitchell, , 217-333-1345, Satish K. Nair, , 217-333-0641
| | - Satish K. Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Departments of Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Corresponding authors Wilfred A. van der Donk, , 217-244-5360, Douglas A. Mitchell, , 217-333-1345, Satish K. Nair, , 217-333-0641
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3
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Fokt H, Cleto S, Oliveira H, Araújo D, Castro J, Cerca N, Vieira MJ, Almeida C. Bacteriocin Production by Escherichia coli during Biofilm Development. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172652. [PMID: 36076837 PMCID: PMC9455227 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a highly versatile bacterium ranging from commensal to intestinal pathogen, and is an important foodborne pathogen. E. coli species are able to prosper in multispecies biofilms and secrete bacteriocins that are only toxic to species/strains closely related to the producer strain. In this study, 20 distinct E. coli strains were characterized for several properties that confer competitive advantages against closer microorganisms by assessing the biofilm-forming capacity, the production of antimicrobial molecules, and the production of siderophores. Furthermore, primer sets for E. coli bacteriocins–colicins were designed and genes were amplified, allowing us to observe that colicins were widely distributed among the pathogenic E. coli strains. Their production in the planktonic phase or single-species biofilms was uncommon. Only two E. coli strains out of nine biofilm-forming were able to inhibit the growth of other E. coli strains. There is evidence of larger amounts of colicin being produced in the late stages of E. coli biofilm growth. The decrease in bacterial biomass after 12 h of incubation indicates active type I colicin production, whose release normally requires E. coli cell lysis. Almost all E. coli strains were siderophore-producing, which may be related to the resistance to colicin as these two molecules may use the same transporter system. Moreover, E. coli CECT 504 was able to coexist with Salmonella enterica in dual-species biofilms, but Shigella dysenteriae was selectively excluded, correlating with high expression levels of colicin (E, B, and M) genes observed by real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Fokt
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Cleto
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniela Araújo
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Joana Castro
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria João Vieira
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-252-660-600
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4
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Heilbronner S, Krismer B, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Peschel A. The microbiome-shaping roles of bacteriocins. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:726-739. [PMID: 34075213 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The microbiomes on human body surfaces affect health in multiple ways. They include not only commensal or mutualistic bacteria but also potentially pathogenic bacteria, which can enter sterile tissues to cause invasive infection. Many commensal bacteria produce small antibacterial molecules termed bacteriocins that have the capacity to eliminate specific colonizing pathogens; as such, bacteriocins have attracted increased attention as potential microbiome-editing tools. Metagenome-based and activity-based screening approaches have strongly expanded our knowledge of the abundance and diversity of bacteriocin biosynthetic gene clusters and the properties of a continuously growing list of bacteriocin classes. The dynamic acquisition, diversification or loss of bacteriocin genes can shape the fitness of a bacterial strain that is in competition with bacteriocin-susceptible bacteria. However, a bacteriocin can only provide a competitive advantage if its fitness benefit exceeds the metabolic cost of production, if it spares crucial mutualistic partner strains and if major competitors cannot develop resistance. In contrast to most currently available antibiotics, many bacteriocins have only narrow activity ranges and could be attractive agents for precision therapy and prevention of infections. A common scientific strategy involving multiple disciplines is needed to uncover the immense potential of microbiome-shaping bacteriocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Heilbronner
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Krismer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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5
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Bin Hafeez A, Jiang X, Bergen PJ, Zhu Y. Antimicrobial Peptides: An Update on Classifications and Databases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11691. [PMID: 34769122 PMCID: PMC8583803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are distributed across all kingdoms of life and are an indispensable component of host defenses. They consist of predominantly short cationic peptides with a wide variety of structures and targets. Given the ever-emerging resistance of various pathogens to existing antimicrobial therapies, AMPs have recently attracted extensive interest as potential therapeutic agents. As the discovery of new AMPs has increased, many databases specializing in AMPs have been developed to collect both fundamental and pharmacological information. In this review, we summarize the sources, structures, modes of action, and classifications of AMPs. Additionally, we examine current AMP databases, compare valuable computational tools used to predict antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of action, and highlight new machine learning approaches that can be employed to improve AMP activity to combat global antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmer Bin Hafeez
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Xukai Jiang
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (X.J.); (P.J.B.)
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Phillip J. Bergen
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (X.J.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Yan Zhu
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (X.J.); (P.J.B.)
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6
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Massip C, Oswald E. Siderophore-Microcins in Escherichia coli: Determinants of Digestive Colonization, the First Step Toward Virulence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:381. [PMID: 32974212 PMCID: PMC7472721 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Siderophore-microcins are antimicrobial peptides produced by enterobacteria, especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. The antibiotic peptide is post-translationally modified by the linkage of a siderophore moiety. Therefore, it can enter and kill phylogenetically related bacteria by a “Trojan Horse” stratagem, by mimicking the iron–siderophore complexes. Consequently, these antimicrobial peptides are key determinants of bacterial competition within the intestinal niche, which is the reservoir for pathogenic E. coli. The most frequent extraintestinal infections caused by E. coli are urinary tract infections. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) can produce many virulence factors, including siderophore-microcins. Siderophore-microcins are chromosomally encoded by small genomic islands that exhibit conserved organization. In UPEC, the siderophore-microcin gene clusters and biosynthetic pathways differ from the “archetypal” models described in fecal strains. The gene cluster is shorter. Thus, active siderophore-microcin production requires proteins from two other genomic islands that also code for virulence factors. This functional and modular synergy confers a strong selective advantage for the domination of the colonic niche, which is the first step toward infection. This optimization of genetic resources might favor the selection of additional virulence factors, which are essential in the subsequent steps of pathogenesis in E. coli infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Massip
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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7
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Navarro SA, Lanza L, Acuña L, Bellomio A, Chalón MC. Features and applications of Ent35-MccV hybrid bacteriocin: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6067-6077. [PMID: 32418126 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are peptides of ribosomal synthesis that are active against bacteria related to the producing strain. They have been widely used in the food industry as biopreservatives. The generation of hybrid peptides by combining the genes that encode two different bacteriocins has made it possible to study the mechanisms of action of the bacteriocins that compose them and also develop new peptides with improved biotechnological applications. Hybrid bacteriocins may be obtained in several ways. In our laboratory, by combining enterocin CRL35 and microcin V (Ent35-MccV), we obtained a broad-spectrum peptide that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Ent35-MccV is sensitive to the action of intestinal proteases and is heat resistant, which makes it a good candidate for use as a biopreservative. For this reason, the peptide was tested in skim milk and beef burgers as food models. We also obtained more potent variants of the hybrid by modifying the central amino acid of the hinge region that connects the two bacteriocins. This review also discusses future applications and perspectives regarding the Ent35-MccV and other hybrid peptides.Key Points• Ent35-MccV is a new broad-spectrum bacteriocin.• The mechanism of action of bacteriocins can be studied using hybrid peptides.• Genetic engineering allows obtaining improved bacteriocin derivatives.• Hybrid peptides can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, and veterinary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Navarro
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj," Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - L Lanza
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj," Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - L Acuña
- Instituto de Patología Experimental (IPE, CONICET-UNSa), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta, Argentina
| | - A Bellomio
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj," Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - Miriam C Chalón
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj," Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina.
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8
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Simons A, Alhanout K, Duval RE. Bacteriocins, Antimicrobial Peptides from Bacterial Origin: Overview of Their Biology and Their Impact against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E639. [PMID: 32349409 PMCID: PMC7285073 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the emergence and ongoing dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria are critical health and economic issue, leading to increased rates of morbidity and mortality related to bacterial infections. Research and development for new antimicrobial agents is currently needed to overcome this problem. Among the different approaches studied, bacteriocins seem to be a promising possibility. These molecules are peptides naturally synthesized by ribosomes, produced by both Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), which will allow these bacteriocin producers to survive in highly competitive polymicrobial environment. Bacteriocins exhibit antimicrobial activity with variable spectrum depending on the peptide, which may target several bacteria. Already used in some areas such as agro-food, bacteriocins may be considered as interesting candidates for further development as antimicrobial agents used in health contexts, particularly considering the issue of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this review is to present an updated global report on the biology of bacteriocins produced by GPB and GNB, as well as their antibacterial activity against relevant bacterial pathogens, and especially against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Simons
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Institut Micalis, équipe Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay—INRAE—AgroParisTech, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Kamel Alhanout
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Raphaël E. Duval
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
- ABC Platform, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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9
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Liu Q, Yu Z, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. Surface components and metabolites of probiotics for regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:23. [PMID: 32024520 PMCID: PMC7003451 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-1289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota can significantly affect the function of the intestinal barrier. Some intestinal probiotics (such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, a few Escherichia coli strains, and a new generation of probiotics including Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Akkermansia muciniphila) can maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and promote health. This review first summarizes probiotics' regulation of the intestinal epithelium via their surface compounds. Surface layer proteins, flagella, pili and capsular polysaccharides constitute microbial-associated molecular patterns and specifically bind to pattern recognition receptors, which can regulate signaling pathways to produce cytokines or inhibit apoptosis, thereby attenuating inflammation and enhancing the function of the gut epithelium. The review also explains the effects of metabolites (such as secreted proteins, organic acids, indole, extracellular vesicles and bacteriocins) of probiotics on host receptors and the mechanisms by which these metabolites regulate gut epithelial barrier function. Previous reviews summarized the role of the surface macromolecules or metabolites of gut microbes (including both probiotics and pathogens) in human health. However, these reviews were mostly focused on the interactions between these substances and the intestinal mucosal immune system. In the current review, we only focused on probiotics and discussed the molecular interaction between these bacteria and the gut epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
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10
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Paquette SJ, Reuter T. Properties of an Antimicrobial Molecule Produced by an Escherichia coli Champion. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 9:E6. [PMID: 31877806 PMCID: PMC7168273 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades, the number and frequency of severe pathogen infections have been increasing. Pathogen mitigation strategies in human medicine or in livestock operations are vital to combat emerging arsenals of bacterial virulence and defense mechanisms. Since the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, the competitive nature of bacteria has been considered for the potential treatment or mitigation of pathogens. Previously, we identified a strong E. coli competitor with probiotic properties producing a diffusible antimicrobial molecule(s) that inhibited the growth of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Our current objective was to isolate and examine the properties of this antimicrobial molecule(s). Molecules were isolated by filter sterilization after 12 h incubation, and bacterial inhibition was compared to relevant controls. Isolated antimicrobial molecule(s) and controls were subjected to temperature, pH, or protease digestion treatments. Changes in inhibition properties were evaluated by comparing the incremental cell growth in the presence of treated and untreated antimicrobial molecule(s). No treatment affected the antimicrobial molecule(s) properties of STEC inhibition, suggesting that at least one molecule produced is an efficacious microcin. The molecule persistence to physiochemical and enzymatic treatments could open a wide window to technical industry-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jo Paquette
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, #100-5401 1st Ave. South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada;
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada
| | - Tim Reuter
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, #100-5401 1st Ave. South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada;
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11
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Baquero F, Lanza VF, Baquero MR, Del Campo R, Bravo-Vázquez DA. Microcins in Enterobacteriaceae: Peptide Antimicrobials in the Eco-Active Intestinal Chemosphere. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2261. [PMID: 31649628 PMCID: PMC6795089 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcins are low-molecular-weight, ribosomally produced, highly stable, bacterial-inhibitory molecules involved in competitive, and amensalistic interactions between Enterobacteriaceae in the intestine. These interactions take place in a highly complex chemical landscape, the intestinal eco-active chemosphere, composed of chemical substances that positively or negatively influence bacterial growth, including those originated from nutrient uptake, and those produced by the action of the human or animal host and the intestinal microbiome. The contribution of bacteria results from their effect on the host generated molecules, on food and digested food, and organic substances from microbial origin, including from bacterial degradation. Here, we comprehensively review the main chemical substances present in the human intestinal chemosphere, particularly of those having inhibitory effects on microorganisms. With this background, and focusing on Enterobacteriaceae, the most relevant human pathogens from the intestinal microbiota, the microcin’s history and classification, mechanisms of action, and mechanisms involved in microcin’s immunity (in microcin producers) and resistance (non-producers) are reviewed. Products from the chemosphere likely modulate the ecological effects of microcin activity. Several cross-resistance mechanisms are shared by microcins, colicins, bacteriophages, and some conventional antibiotics, which are expected to produce cross-effects. Double-microcin-producing strains (such as microcins MccM and MccH47) have been successfully used for decades in the control of pathogenic gut organisms. Microcins are associated with successful gut colonization, facilitating translocation and invasion, leading to bacteremia, and urinary tract infections. In fact, Escherichia coli strains from the more invasive phylogroups (e.g., B2) are frequently microcinogenic. A publicly accessible APD3 database http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/ shows particular genes encoding microcins in 34.1% of E. coli strains (mostly MccV, MccM, MccH47, and MccI47), and much less in Shigella and Salmonella (<2%). Some 4.65% of Klebsiella pneumoniae are microcinogenic (mostly with MccE492), and even less in Enterobacter or Citrobacter (mostly MccS). The high frequency and variety of microcins in some Enterobacteriaceae indicate key ecological functions, a notion supported by their dominance in the intestinal microbiota of biosynthetic gene clusters involved in the synthesis of post-translationally modified peptide microcins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Baquero
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Val F Lanza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Rosario Baquero
- Department of Microbiology, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel A Bravo-Vázquez
- Department of Microbiology, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
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Ríos Colombo NS, Chalón MC, Dupuy FG, Gonzalez CF, Bellomio A. The case for class II bacteriocins: A biophysical approach using "suicide probes" in receptor-free hosts to study their mechanism of action. Biochimie 2019; 165:183-195. [PMID: 31381962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Class II bacteriocins are unmodified membrane-active peptides that act over a narrow spectrum of target bacteria. They bind a specific receptor protein on the membrane to form a pore, leading to membrane permeabilization and cell death. However, little is known about the molecular events triggering the pore formation after the bacteriocin recognizes the receptor. It is not clear yet if the pore is the same receptor forced into an open conformation or if the pore results from the bacteriocin insertion and oligomeric assembly in the lipid bilayer. In order to reveal which model is more suitable to explain the toxicity mechanism, in this work we use chimeric peptides, resulting from the fusion of the bitopic membrane protein EtpM with different class II bacteriocins: enterocin CRL35, pediocin PA-1 and microcin V. E. coli strains lacking the specific receptors for these bacteriocins were chosen as expression hosts. As these constructs display a lethal effect when they are heterologously expressed, they are called "suicide probes". The results suggest that, indeed, the specific receptor would act as a docking molecule more than as a structural piece of the pore, as long as the bacteriocin is somehow anchored to the membrane. These set of chimeric peptides also represent an in vivo system that allows to study the interaction of the bacteriocins with real bacterial membranes, instead of model membranes. Hence, the effects of these suicide probes in membrane fluidity and transmembrane potential were also assessed, using fluorescence spectroscopy. The data show that the different suicide probes are able to increase phospholipid order and depolarize the membranes of receptor-free bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Ríos Colombo
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - M C Chalón
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - F G Dupuy
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - C F Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry road, PO Box 103610, Gainesville, FL, 32610-3610, USA
| | - A Bellomio
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina.
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Danilovich ME, Sánchez LA, Acosta F, Delgado OD. Antarctic bioprospecting: in pursuit of microorganisms producing new antimicrobials and enzymes. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Boubezari MT, Idoui T, Hammami R, Fernandez B, Gomaa A, Fliss I. Bacteriocinogenic properties of Escherichia coli P2C isolated from pig gastrointestinal tract: purification and characterization of microcin V. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:771-782. [PMID: 29417164 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and investigate the bacteriocinogenic and probiotic potential of new Gram-negative isolates. Of 22 bacterial isolates from pig intestine and chicken crops, ten isolates had demonstrated a good activity, and the most potent five strains were identified as four E. coli and one as Proteus sp. No virulence factors were detected for E. coli strains isolated from pig intestine. The semi-purified microcins proved to be resistant to temperature and pH variation, but sensitive to proteolytic enzymes. Of particular interest, strain E. coli P2C was the most potent, free of virulence genes and sensitive to tested antibiotics. Purification procedure revealed the presence of a single pure peak having a molecular mass of 8733.94 Da and matching microcin V (MccV). The sequence obtained by LC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of MccV. Purified MccV showed a good activity against pathogenic coliforms, especially E. coli O1K1H7 involved in avian colibacillosis. The present study provides evidence that E. coli strains isolated from pig intestine produce microcin-like substances. E. coli P2C is a safe MccV producer that could be a good candidate for its application as novel probiotic strain to protect livestock and enhance growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Tahar Boubezari
- Dairy Research Center (STELA) and Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, and Health, Jijel University, 18000, Jijel, Algeria
| | - Tayeb Idoui
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, and Health, Jijel University, 18000, Jijel, Algeria
| | - Riadh Hammami
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 7 K4, Canada.
| | - Benoît Fernandez
- Dairy Research Center (STELA) and Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ahmed Gomaa
- Dairy Research Center (STELA) and Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Dairy Research Center (STELA) and Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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pMPES: A Modular Peptide Expression System for the Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides to the Site of Gastrointestinal Infections Using Probiotics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9040060. [PMID: 27782051 PMCID: PMC5198035 DOI: 10.3390/ph9040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics, but their utility is limited by high production costs and poor bioavailability profiles. Bacterial production and delivery of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) directly at the site of infection may offer a path for effective therapeutic application. In this study, we have developed a vector that can be used for the production and secretion of seven antimicrobial peptides from both Escherichia coli MC1061 F' and probiotic E.coli Nissle 1917. The vector pMPES (Modular Peptide Expression System) employs the Microcin V (MccV) secretion system and a powerful synthetic promoter to drive AMP production. Herein, we demonstrate the capacity of pMPES to produce inhibitory levels of MccV, Microcin L (MccL), Microcin N (McnN), Enterocin A (EntA), Enterocin P (EntP), Hiracin JM79 (HirJM79) and Enterocin B (EntB). To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of such a broadly-applicable secretion system for AMP production. This type of modular expression system could expedite the development of sorely needed antimicrobial technologies.
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Sousa MÂB, Farias LDM, Oliveira PLD, Moreira JS, Apolônio ACM, Oliveira JS, Santoro MM, Mendes EN, Magalhães PP. Antagonistic activity expressed by Shigella sonnei: identification of a putative new bacteriocin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108:724-9. [PMID: 24037194 PMCID: PMC3970690 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276108062013008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are antibacterial, proteinaceous substances that mediate microbial
dynamics. Bacteriocin production is a highly disseminated property among all
major lineages of bacteria, including Shigella. In this paper,
we addressed the purification and characterisation of a bacteriocin produced by
a Shigella sonnei strain (SS9) isolated from a child with acute
diarrhoea. The substance was purified through ammonium-sulphate precipitation
and sequential steps of chromatography. The intracellular fraction obtained at
75% ammonium sulphate maintained activity following exposure to pH values from
1-11 and storage at -80ºC for more than two years and was inactivated by high
temperatures and proteases. The molecular mass of the purified bacteriocin was
determined by mass spectrometry to be 18.56 kDa. The N-terminal sequence of the
bacteriocin did not match any other antibacterial proteins described. A putative
new bacteriocin produced by S. sonnei has been detected. This
bacteriocin may represent a newly described protein or a previously described
protein with a newly detected function. Considering that SS9 expresses
antagonism against other diarrhoeagenic bacteria, the bacteriocin may contribute
to S. sonnei virulence and is potentially applicable to either
preventing or controlling diarrhoeal disease.
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Nigam A, Gupta D, Sharma A. Treatment of infectious disease: beyond antibiotics. Microbiol Res 2014; 169:643-51. [PMID: 24661689 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several antibiotics have been discovered following the discovery of penicillin. These antibiotics had been helpful in treatment of infectious diseases considered dread for centuries. The advent of multiple drug resistance in microbes has posed new challenge to researchers. The scientists are now evaluating alternatives for combating infectious diseases. This review focuses on major alternatives to antibiotics on which preliminary work had been carried out. These promising anti-microbial include: phages, bacteriocins, killing factors, antibacterial activities of non-antibiotic drugs and quorum quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Nigam
- IPLS Building, School of Life Science, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
| | - Divya Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Mangalayatan University, Beswan, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202145, India
| | - Ashwani Sharma
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Balciunas EM, Castillo Martinez FA, Todorov SD, Franco BDGDM, Converti A, Oliveira RPDS. Novel biotechnological applications of bacteriocins: A review. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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19
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Gassericin A: a circular bacteriocin produced by Lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus gasseri. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 29:1977-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Acuña L, Picariello G, Sesma F, Morero RD, Bellomio A. A new hybrid bacteriocin, Ent35-MccV, displays antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 2:12-9. [PMID: 23650575 PMCID: PMC3642096 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins and microcins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides that are usually active against phylogenetically related bacteria. Thus, bacteriocins are active against Gram-positive while microcins are active against Gram-negative bacteria. The narrow spectrum of action generally displayed by bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria represents an important limitation for the application of these peptides as clinical drugs or as food biopreservatives. The present study describes the design and expression of a novel recombinant hybrid peptide combining enterocin CRL35 and microcin V named Ent35–MccV. The chimerical bacteriocin displayed antimicrobial activity against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes clinical isolates, among other pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, Ent35–MccV may find important applications in food or pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Acuña
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO CONICET-UNT) and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461 (T4000ILI), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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Morin N, Lanneluc I, Connil N, Cottenceau M, Pons AM, Sablé S. Mechanism of bactericidal activity of microcin L in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:997-1007. [PMID: 21189348 PMCID: PMC3067116 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01217-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, the mechanism of action of microcin L (MccL) was investigated in live bacteria. MccL is a gene-encoded peptide produced by Escherichia coli LR05 that exhibits a strong antibacterial activity against related Enterobacteriaceae, including Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis. We first subcloned the MccL genetic system to remove the sequences not involved in MccL production. We then optimized the MccL purification procedure to obtain large amounts of purified microcin to investigate its antimicrobial and membrane properties. We showed that MccL did not induce outer membrane permeabilization, which indicated that MccL did not use this way to kill the sensitive cell or to enter into it. Using a set of E. coli and Salmonella enterica mutants lacking iron-siderophore receptors, we demonstrated that the MccL uptake required the outer membrane receptor Cir. Moreover, the MccL bactericidal activity was shown to depend on the TonB protein that transduces the proton-motive force of the cytoplasmic membrane to transport iron-siderophore complexes across the outer membrane. Using carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone, which is known to fully dissipate the proton-motive force, we proved that the proton-motive force was required for the bactericidal activity of MccL on E. coli. In addition, we showed that a primary target of MccL could be the cytoplasmic membrane: a high level of MccL disrupted the inner membrane potential of E. coli cells. However, no permeabilization of the membrane was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Morin
- Littoral Environnement Sociétés, UMR 6250 CNRS-ULR, Université de La Rochelle, UFR Sciences, Bât. Marie Curie, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle cedex 01, France
| | - Isabelle Lanneluc
- Littoral Environnement Sociétés, UMR 6250 CNRS-ULR, Université de La Rochelle, UFR Sciences, Bât. Marie Curie, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle cedex 01, France
| | - Nathalie Connil
- Littoral Environnement Sociétés, UMR 6250 CNRS-ULR, Université de La Rochelle, UFR Sciences, Bât. Marie Curie, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle cedex 01, France
| | - Marie Cottenceau
- Littoral Environnement Sociétés, UMR 6250 CNRS-ULR, Université de La Rochelle, UFR Sciences, Bât. Marie Curie, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle cedex 01, France
| | - Anne Marie Pons
- Littoral Environnement Sociétés, UMR 6250 CNRS-ULR, Université de La Rochelle, UFR Sciences, Bât. Marie Curie, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle cedex 01, France
| | - Sophie Sablé
- Littoral Environnement Sociétés, UMR 6250 CNRS-ULR, Université de La Rochelle, UFR Sciences, Bât. Marie Curie, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle cedex 01, France
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Zihler A, Gagnon M, Chassard C, Hegland A, Stevens MJA, Braegger CP, Lacroix C. Unexpected consequences of administering bacteriocinogenic probiotic strains for Salmonella populations, revealed by an in vitro colonic model of the child gut. Microbiology (Reading) 2010; 156:3342-3353. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.042036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New biological strategies for the treatment of Salmonella infection are needed in response to the increase in antibiotic-resistant strains. Escherichia coli L1000 and Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 were previously shown to produce antimicrobial proteinaceous compounds (microcin B17 and thermophilicin B67, respectively) active in vitro against a panel of Salmonella strains recently isolated from clinical cases in Switzerland. In this study, two three-stage intestinal continuous fermentation models of Salmonella colonization inoculated with immobilized faeces of a two-year-old child were implemented to study the effects of the two bacteriocinogenic strains compared with a bacteriocin-negative mutant of strain L1000 on Salmonella growth, as well as gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity. Immobilized E. coli L1000 added to the proximal colon reactor showed a low colonization, and developed preferentially in the distal colon reactor independent of the presence of genetic determinants for microcin B17 production. Surprisingly, E. coli L1000 addition strongly stimulated Salmonella growth in all three reactors. In contrast, B. thermophilum RBL67 added in a second phase stabilized at high levels in all reactors, but could not inhibit Salmonella already present at a high level (>107 c.f.u. ml−1) when the probiotic was added. Inulin added at the end of fermentation induced a strong bifidogenic effect in all three colon reactors and a significant increase of Salmonella counts in the distal colon reactor. Our data show that under the simulated child colonic conditions, the microcin B17 production phenotype does not correlate with inhibition of Salmonella but leads to a better colonization of E. coli L1000 in the distal colon reactor. We conclude that in vitro models with complex and complete gut microbiota are required to accurately assess the potential and efficacy of probiotics with respect to Salmonella colonization in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Zihler
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Gagnon
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Chassard
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Hegland
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J. A. Stevens
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian P. Braegger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Desriac F, Defer D, Bourgougnon N, Brillet B, Le Chevalier P, Fleury Y. Bacteriocin as weapons in the marine animal-associated bacteria warfare: inventory and potential applications as an aquaculture probiotic. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:1153-77. [PMID: 20479972 PMCID: PMC2866480 DOI: 10.3390/md8041153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the association of marine animals with bacteria has become more commonly recognized, researchers have increasingly questioned whether these animals actually produce many of the bioactive compounds originally isolated from them. Bacteriocins, ribosomally synthesized antibiotic peptides, constitute one of the most potent weapons to fight against pathogen infections. Indeed, bacteriocinogenic bacteria may prevent pathogen dissemination by occupying the same ecological niche. Bacteriocinogenic strains associated with marine animals are a relevant source for isolation of probiotics. This review draws up an inventory of the marine bacteriocinogenic strains isolated from animal-associated microbial communities, known to date. Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) and fully-characterized bacteriocins are described. Finally, their applications as probiotics in aquaculture are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florie Desriac
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Laboratoire, Universitaire de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Microbienne EA3882, 6 Rue de l’Université, 29334 Quimper Cedex, France; E-Mails:
(F.D.);
(B.B.);
(P.L.C.)
| | - Diane Defer
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Sud, Centre de Recherche Saint Maudé, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines EA3884, 56321 Lorient Cedex, France; E-Mails:
(D.D.);
(N.B.)
| | - Nathalie Bourgougnon
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Sud, Centre de Recherche Saint Maudé, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines EA3884, 56321 Lorient Cedex, France; E-Mails:
(D.D.);
(N.B.)
| | - Benjamin Brillet
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Laboratoire, Universitaire de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Microbienne EA3882, 6 Rue de l’Université, 29334 Quimper Cedex, France; E-Mails:
(F.D.);
(B.B.);
(P.L.C.)
| | - Patrick Le Chevalier
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Laboratoire, Universitaire de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Microbienne EA3882, 6 Rue de l’Université, 29334 Quimper Cedex, France; E-Mails:
(F.D.);
(B.B.);
(P.L.C.)
| | - Yannick Fleury
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Laboratoire, Universitaire de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Microbienne EA3882, 6 Rue de l’Université, 29334 Quimper Cedex, France; E-Mails:
(F.D.);
(B.B.);
(P.L.C.)
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Gillor O, Etzion A, Riley MA. The dual role of bacteriocins as anti- and probiotics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 81:591-606. [PMID: 18853155 PMCID: PMC2670069 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria employed in probiotic applications help to maintain or restore a host's natural microbial floral. The ability of probiotic bacteria to successfully outcompete undesired species is often due to, or enhanced by, the production of potent antimicrobial toxins. The most commonly encountered of these are bacteriocins, a large and functionally diverse family of antimicrobials found in all major lineages of Bacteria. Recent studies reveal that these proteinaceous toxins play a critical role in mediating competitive dynamics between bacterial strains and closely related species. The potential use of bacteriocin-producing strains as probiotic and bioprotective agents has recently received increased attention. This review will report on recent efforts involving the use of such strains, with a particular focus on emerging probiotic therapies for humans, livestock, and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Gillor
- Department of Environmental Hydrology & Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, Beersheba 84990, Israel
| | - A. Etzion
- Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, Beersheba 84990, Israel
| | - M. A. Riley
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA, e-mail:
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Cold-adapted microorganisms as a source of new antimicrobials. Extremophiles 2008; 13:111-20. [PMID: 19015813 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-008-0203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Thirty out of 8,000 different colony morphotypes isolated from soil samples of Isla de los Estados were selected based on their ability to produce antimicrobials. The significant influence of culture media and incubation temperature on antimicrobial production was proved, being LB medium and 8 degrees C the conditions of choice. Most of the psychrotolerant isolates were phylogenetically related to Serratia proteamaculans (96.4-97.9%) while the psychrophilic isolated 8H1 was closely related to Pseudomonas sp. (90-94% similarity). Produced antimicrobials showed a promising wide spectrum of activity both against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. They were suspected to be microcin-like compounds (Mw <2,000 Da) and showed a marked tolerance to heat (1 h in boiling water bath) and pH-treatments (1-12). Antimicrobial compounds also showed to partially keep their activity even after overnight freezing at -20 and -80 degrees C and displayed a negative net charge at pH 8.0, a common feature of class II microcins.
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27
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Use of mchI encoding immunity to the antimicrobial peptide microcin H47 as a plasmid selection marker in attenuated bacterial live vectors. Infect Immun 2008; 76:4422-30. [PMID: 18663003 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00487-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated bacterial strains expressing heterologous antigens represent an attractive vaccine development strategy. However, the use of drug resistance genes for the selection of expression plasmids introduced into live vectors poses theoretical health risks. Therefore, we developed a novel approach for plasmid selection based on immunity to the antimicrobial peptide microcin H47 (MccH47). Two expression plasmids encoding the reporter green fluorescent protein (GFPuv) were constructed; selection markers comprised either mchI, conferring immunity to MccH47 (pGEN222I), or bla (encoding beta-lactamase), conferring conventional resistance to ampicillin (pGEN222). GFPuv-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses were analyzed in mice immunized intranasally either with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi CVD 908-htrA or Shigella flexneri 2a CVD 1208S live vector and were boosted parenterally with purified GFPuv. Similar IgG antibody responses were observed for both pGEN222 and pGEN222I when either CVD 1208S or CVD 908-htrA(pGEN222I) was used as the carrier. Interestingly, CVD 908-htrA(pGEN222I) elicited a significantly higher IgG response than CVD 908-htrA(pGEN222). We also compared the priming potential of homologous priming either with CVD 908-htrA(pGEN222I) or CVD 1208S(pGEN222I) to heterologous priming first with CVD 908-htrA(pGEN222I) and then with CVD 1208S(pGEN222I) and vice versa. Immunization with two unrelated live vectors significantly enhanced the IgG responses compared to responses engendered by homologous CVD 908-htrA(pGEN222I) but not to those of CVD 1208S(pGEN222I). MccH47 offers an alternate system for plasmid selection in bacterial live vectors that greatly improves their clinical acceptability. Furthermore, the success of the heterologous priming strategy supports the feasibility of the future development of multivalent live vector-based immunization strategies against multiple human pathogens.
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28
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Bacteria in the intestine, helpful residents or enemies from within? Infect Immun 2008; 76:3360-73. [PMID: 18474643 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00187-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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29
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Nolan EM, Fischbach MA, Koglin A, Walsh CT. Biosynthetic tailoring of microcin E492m: post-translational modification affords an antibacterial siderophore-peptide conjugate. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:14336-47. [PMID: 17973380 PMCID: PMC2522288 DOI: 10.1021/ja074650f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present work reveals that four proteins, MceCDIJ, encoded by the MccE492 gene cluster are responsible for the remarkable post-translational tailoring of microcin E492 (MccE492), an 84-residue protein toxin secreted by Klebsiella pneumonaie RYC492 that targets neighboring Gram-negative species. This modification results in attachment of a linearized and monoglycosylated derivative of enterobactin, a nonribosomal peptide and iron scavenger (siderophore), to the MccE492m C-terminus. MceC and MceD derivatize enterobactin by C-glycosylation at the C5 position of a N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)serine (DHB-Ser) moiety and regiospecific hydrolysis of an ester linkage in the trilactone scaffold, respectively. MceI and MceJ form a protein complex that attaches C-glycosylated enterobactins to the C-terminal serine residue of both a C10 model peptide and full-length MccE492. In the enzymatic product, the C-terminal serine residue is covalently attached to the C4' oxygen of the glucose moiety. Nonenzymatic and base-catalyzed migration of the peptide to the C6' position affords the C6' glycosyl ester linkage observed in the mature toxin, MccE492m, isolated from bacterial cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michael A. Fischbach
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Alexander Koglin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Christopher T. Walsh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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30
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Duquesne S, Petit V, Peduzzi J, Rebuffat S. Structural and Functional Diversity of Microcins, Gene-Encoded Antibacterial Peptides from Enterobacteria. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 13:200-9. [PMID: 17827970 DOI: 10.1159/000104748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcins are a peculiar class of gene-encoded low-molecular-mass antibacterial peptides secreted by enterobacteria. They contribute to the regulation of microbial competitions within the intestinal microbiota. The genetic systems involved in microcin biosynthesis share a conserved organization. Similar to bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria, microcins exert potent antibacterial activity directed against phylogenetically-related bacterial strains, with minimal inhibitory concentrations in the nanomolar range. In contrast to bacteriocins, they display a great structural diversity among the few representatives well characterized until now, that makes difficult the description of microcin subclasses. This review focuses on three microcins, MccE492m that carries a C-terminal posttranslational modification containing a catechol-type siderophore, MccJ25, a cyclic peptide with a unique 'lasso-type' structure and MccC7 or C51, with a common N-formylated heptapeptide-nucleotide structure. We show these microcins exhibit 'Trojan horse' mechanisms of antibacterial activity: either (i) the microcin structure is a mime of an essential element, permitting its recognition by outer membrane receptors used for vital functions in bacteria and further translocation into the periplasmic space, or (ii) it is secreted as a harmless molecule and further processed in susceptible bacteria to form the toxic entity. When inside target bacteria, microcins bind essential enzymes or interact with the inner membrane to form a bacterial killing structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Duquesne
- Chemistry and Biochemistry of Natural Substances, UMR 5154 CNRS-National Museum of Natural History, Department Regulations, Development and Molecular Diversity, Paris, France
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31
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Duquesne S, Destoumieux-Garzón D, Peduzzi J, Rebuffat S. Microcins, gene-encoded antibacterial peptides from enterobacteria. Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24:708-34. [PMID: 17653356 DOI: 10.1039/b516237h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microcins are gene-encoded antibacterial peptides, with molecular masses below 10 kDa, produced by enterobacteria. They are secreted under conditions of nutrient depletion and exert potent antibacterial activity against closely related species. Typical gene clusters encoding the microcin precursor, the self-immunity factor, the secretion proteins and frequently the post-translational modification enzymes are located either on plasmids or on the chromosome. In contrast to most of the antibiotics of microbial origin, which are non-ribosomally synthesized by multimodular enzymes termed peptide synthetases, microcins are ribosomally synthesized as precursors, which are further modified enzymatically. They form a restricted class of potent antibacterial peptides. Fourteen microcins have been reported so far, among which only seven have been isolated and characterized. Despite the low number of known representatives, microcins exhibit a diversity of structures and antibacterial mechanisms. This review provides an updated overview of microcin structures, antibacterial activities, genetic systems and biosyntheses, as well as of their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Duquesne
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Natural Substances, UMR 5154 CNRS, Department of Regulations, Development and Molecular Diversity, National Museum of Natural History, CP 54, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
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32
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Metlitskaya A, Kazakov T, Kommer A, Pavlova O, Praetorius-Ibba M, Ibba M, Krasheninnikov I, Kolb V, Khmel I, Severinov K. Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase Is the Target of Peptide Nucleotide Antibiotic Microcin C. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:18033-42. [PMID: 16574659 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513174200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcin C is a ribosome-synthesized heptapeptide that contains a modified adenosine monophosphate covalently attached to the C-terminal aspartate. Microcin C is a potent inhibitor of bacterial cell growth. Based on the in vivo kinetics of inhibition of macromolecular synthesis, Microcin C targets translation, through a mechanism that remained undefined. Here, we show that Microcin C is a subject of specific degradation inside the sensitive cell. The product of degradation, a modified aspartyl-adenylate containing an N-acylphosphoramidate linkage, strongly inhibits translation by blocking the function of aspartyl-tRNA synthetase.
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33
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Aucher W, Lacombe C, Héquet A, Frère J, Berjeaud JM. Influence of amino acid substitutions in the leader peptide on maturation and secretion of mesentericin Y105 by Leuconostoc mesenteroides. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:2218-23. [PMID: 15743973 PMCID: PMC1064045 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.6.2218-2223.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
By site-specific mutagenesis, the hydrophobic conserved amino acids and the C-terminal GG doublet of the leader peptide of pre-mesentericin Y105 were demonstrated to be critical for optimal secretion of mesentericin Y105, as well as for the maturation of the pre-bacteriocin by the protease portion of the ABC transporter MesD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Aucher
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Ingénierie Génétique, Equipe de Microbiologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR CNRS 6008, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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34
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Gillor O, Kirkup BC, Riley MA. Colicins and microcins: the next generation antimicrobials. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2004; 54:129-46. [PMID: 15251279 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(04)54005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Gillor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, USA
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35
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Dirix G, Monsieurs P, Dombrecht B, Daniels R, Marchal K, Vanderleyden J, Michiels J. Peptide signal molecules and bacteriocins in Gram-negative bacteria: a genome-wide in silico screening for peptides containing a double-glycine leader sequence and their cognate transporters. Peptides 2004; 25:1425-40. [PMID: 15374646 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2003] [Accepted: 10/31/2003] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) in Gram-negative bacteria is generally assumed to be mediated by N-acyl-homoserine lactone molecules while Gram-positive bacteria make use of signaling peptides. We analyzed the occurrence in Gram-negative bacteria of peptides and transporters that are involved in quorum sensing in Gram-positive bacteria. Many class II bacteriocins and inducing factors produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and competence stimulating peptides (CSPs) synthesized by streptococci are processed by their cognate ABC-transporters during their secretion. During transport, a conserved leader sequence, termed the double-glycine motif (GG-motif), is cleaved off by the N-terminal domain of the transporter, which belongs to the Peptidase C39 protein family. Several peptides containing a GG-motif were recently described in Gram-negative bacteria (Trends Microbiol 2001;9:164-8). To screen for additional putative GG-motif containing peptides, an in silico strategy based on MEME, HMMER2.2 and Wise2 was designed. Using a curated training set, a motif model of the leader peptide was built and used to screen over 120 fully sequenced bacterial genomes. The screening methodology was applied at the nucleotide level as probably many small peptide genes have not been annotated and may be absent from the non-redundant databases. It was found that 33% of the screened genomes of Gram-negative bacteria contained one or more transporters carrying a Peptidase C39 domain, compared to 44% of the genomes of Gram-positive bacteria. The transporters can be subdivided into four classes on the basis of their domain organization. Genes coding for putative peptides containing 23-142 amino acids and a GG-motif were found in close association with genes coding for Peptidase C39 domain containing proteins. These peptides show structural similarity to bacteriocins and peptide pheromones of Gram-positive bacteria. The possibility of signal transduction based on peptide signaling in Gram-negative bacteria is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dirix
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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36
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Thomas X, Destoumieux-Garzón D, Peduzzi J, Afonso C, Blond A, Birlirakis N, Goulard C, Dubost L, Thai R, Tabet JC, Rebuffat S. Siderophore Peptide, a New Type of Post-translationally Modified Antibacterial Peptide with Potent Activity. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:28233-42. [PMID: 15102848 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m400228200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcin E492 (MccE492, 7886 Da), the 84-amino acid antimicrobial peptide from Klebsiella pneumoniae, was purified in a post-translationally modified form, MccE492m (8717 Da), from culture supernatants of either the recombinant Escherichia coli VCS257 strain harboring the pJAM229 plasmid or the K. pneumoniae RYC492 strain. Chymotrypsin digestion of MccE492m led to the MccE492m-(74-84) C-terminal fragment that carries the modification and that was analyzed by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance at natural abundance. The 831-Da post-translational modification consists of a trimer of N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-l-serine linked via a C-glycosidic linkage to a beta-d-glucose moiety, itself linked to the MccE492m Ser-84-carboxyl through an O-glycosidic bond. This modification, which mimics a catechol-type siderophore, was shown to bind ferric ions by analysis of the collision-induced dissociation pattern obtained for MccE492m-(74-84) by electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry experiments in the presence of FeCl(3). By using a series of wild-type and mutant isogenic strains, the three catechol-type siderophore receptors Fiu, Cir, and FepA were shown to be responsible for the recognition of MccE492m at the outer membrane of sensitive bacteria. Because MccE492m shows a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity and is more potent than MccE492, we propose that by increasing the microcin/receptor affinity, the modification leads to a better recognition and subsequently to a higher antimicrobial activity of the microcin. Therefore, MccE492m is the first member of a new class of antimicrobial peptides carrying a siderophore-like post-translational modification and showing potent activity, which we term siderophore-peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Thomas
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles, UMR 5154 CNRS USM 502, the Département Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 63 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris
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37
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Pons AM, Delalande F, Duarte M, Benoit S, Lanneluc I, Sablé S, Van Dorsselaer A, Cottenceau G. Genetic analysis and complete primary structure of microcin L. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:505-13. [PMID: 14742202 PMCID: PMC321509 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.2.505-513.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli LR05, in addition to producing MccB17, J25, and D93, secretes microcin L, a newly discovered microcin that exhibits strong antibacterial activity against related Enterobacteriaceae, including Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis. Microcin L was purified using a two-step procedure including solid-phase extraction and reverse-phase C(18) high-performance liquid chromatography. A 4,901-bp region of the DNA plasmid of E. coli LR05 was sequenced revealing that the microcin L cluster consists of four genes, mclC, mclI, mclA, and mclB. The structural gene mclC encoded a 105-amino-acid precursor with a 15-amino-acid N-terminal extension ending with a Gly-Ala motif upstream of the cleavage site. This motif is typical of the class II microcins and other gram-positive bacteriocins exported by ABC transporters. The mclI immunity gene was identified upstream of the mclC gene and encodes a 51-amino-acid protein with two potential transmembrane domains. Located on the reverse strand, two genes, mclA and mclB, encoded the proteins MclA and MclB, respectively. They bear strong relatedness with the ABC transporter proteins and accessory factors involved in the secretion of microcins H47, V, E492, and 24. The microcin L genetic system resembles the genetic organization of MccV. Furthermore the MccL primary structure has been determined. It is a 90-amino-acid peptide of 8,884 Da with two disulfide bridges. The N-terminal region has significant homologies with several gram-positive bacteriocins. The C-terminal 32-amino-acid sequence is 87.5% identical to that of MccV. Together, these results strongly indicate that microcin L is a gram-negative class II microcin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Pons
- Laboratoire de Génie Protéique et Cellulaire, Pôle Sciences, Université de La Rochelle, 17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
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38
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Fomenko DE, Metlitskaya AZ, Péduzzi J, Goulard C, Katrukha GS, Gening LV, Rebuffat S, Khmel IA. Microcin C51 plasmid genes: possible source of horizontal gene transfer. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:2868-74. [PMID: 12936987 PMCID: PMC182647 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.9.2868-2874.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2002] [Revised: 04/04/2003] [Accepted: 06/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcin C51 (MccC51) is an antimicrobial nucleotide-heptapeptide produced by a natural Escherichia coli strain. A 5.7-kb fragment of the pC51 plasmid carrying the genes involved in MccC51 production, secretion, and self-immunity was sequenced, and the genes were characterized. The sequence of the MccC51 gene cluster is highly similar to that of the MccC7 gene. Recombinant plasmids carrying different combinations of the mcc genes involved in the MccC51 production or immunity were constructed to characterize their functional roles. The mccA, mccB, mccD, and mccE genes are involved in MccC51 production, while the mccC and mccE genes are responsible for immunity to MccC51. The mcc gene cluster is flanked by 44-bp direct repeats. Amino acid sequence comparisons allowed us to propose functions for each Mcc polypeptide in MccC51 biosynthesis. Plasmid pUHN containing the cloned mccA, mccB, mccC, and mccE genes, but lacking mccD, directed the synthesis of MccC51p, a substance chemically related to MccC51. MccC51p exhibited weak antibiotic activity against E. coli and was toxic to the producing cells. The immunity to exogenous MccC51 determined by the mccC and mccE genes did not overcome the toxic action of MccC51p on the producing cells. The G+C content of the MccC51 operon, markedly lower than that of the E. coli genome, and the presence of direct repeats suggest the possibility of horizontal transfer of this gene cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri E Fomenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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