1
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Cong J, Li JY, Zou W. Mechanism and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage focus on mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1423132. [PMID: 39156127 PMCID: PMC11328408 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1423132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common subtype of stroke, characterized by high mortality and a poor prognosis. Despite various treatment methods, there has been limited improvement in the prognosis of ICH over the past decades. Therefore, it is imperative to identify a feasible treatment strategy for ICH. Mitochondria are organelles present in most eukaryotic cells and serve as the primary sites for aerobic respiration and energy production. Under unfavorable cellular conditions, mitochondria can induce changes in permeability through the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and contributing to various diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that mPTP plays a role in the pathological processes associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, ischemic stroke and ischemia-reperfusion injury, among others. However, there is limited research on mPTP involvement specifically in ICH. Therefore, this study comprehensively examines the pathological processes associated with mPTP in terms of oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and other related mechanisms to elucidate the potential mechanism underlying mPTP involvement in ICH. This research aims to provide novel insights for the treatment of secondary injury after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jing-Yi Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Clinical Integrated of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Heilong Jiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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2
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Singh N, Nandy SK, Jyoti A, Saxena J, Sharma A, Siddiqui AJ, Sharma L. Protein Kinase C (PKC) in Neurological Health: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease and Chronic Alcohol Consumption. Brain Sci 2024; 14:554. [PMID: 38928554 PMCID: PMC11201589 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a diverse enzyme family crucial for cell signalling in various organs. Its dysregulation is linked to numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological problems. In the brain, PKC plays pivotal roles in synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, and neuronal survival. Specifically, PKC's involvement in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis is of significant interest. The dysregulation of PKC signalling has been linked to neurological disorders, including AD. This review elucidates PKC's pivotal role in neurological health, particularly its implications in AD pathogenesis and chronic alcohol addiction. AD, characterised by neurodegeneration, implicates PKC dysregulation in synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline. Conversely, chronic alcohol consumption elicits neural adaptations intertwined with PKC signalling, exacerbating addictive behaviours. By unravelling PKC's involvement in these afflictions, potential therapeutic avenues emerge, offering promise for ameliorating their debilitating effects. This review navigates the complex interplay between PKC, AD pathology, and alcohol addiction, illuminating pathways for future neurotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology, and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Shouvik Kumar Nandy
- School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India;
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Department of Life Science, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India;
| | - Juhi Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India;
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology, and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lalit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology, and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (A.S.)
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3
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Nguyen QTN, Park J, Kim DY, Tran DT, Han IO. Forskolin rescues hypoxia-induced cognitive dysfunction in zebrafish with potential involvement of O-GlcNAc cycling regulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116032. [PMID: 38281601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Repeated sublethal hypoxia exposure induces brain inflammation and affects the initiation and progression of cognitive dysfunction. Experiments from the current study showed that hypoxic exposure downregulates PKA/CREB signaling, which is restored by forskolin (FSK), an adenylate cyclase activator, in both Neuro2a (N2a) cells and zebrafish brain. FSK significantly protected N2a cells from hypoxia-induced cell death and neurite shrinkage. Intraperitoneal administration of FSK for 5 days on zebrafish additionally led to significant recovery from hypoxia-induced social interaction impairment and learning and memory (L/M) deficit. FSK suppressed hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation, as indicated by the observed decrease in NF-κB activation and GFAP expression. We further investigated the potential effect of FSK on O-GlcNAcylation changes induced by hypoxia. Intriguingly FSK induced marked upregulation of the protein level of O-GlcNAc transferase catalyzing addition of the GlcNAc group to target proteins, accompanied by elevated O-GlcNAcylation of nucleocytoplasmic proteins. The hypoxia-induced O-GlcNAcylation decrease in the brain of zebrafish was considerably restored following FSK treatment. Based on the collective results, we propose that FSK rescues hypoxia-induced cognitive dysfunction, potentially through regulation of HBP/O-GlcNAc cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh T N Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Duong T Tran
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Inn Oc Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.
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4
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Liu Y, Cai X, Fang R, Peng S, Luo W, Du X. Future directions in ventilator-induced lung injury associated cognitive impairment: a new sight. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1308252. [PMID: 38164198 PMCID: PMC10757930 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1308252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation is a widely used short-term life support technique, but an accompanying adverse consequence can be pulmonary damage which is called ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Mechanical ventilation can potentially affect the central nervous system and lead to long-term cognitive impairment. In recent years, many studies revealed that VILI, as a common lung injury, may be involved in the central pathogenesis of cognitive impairment by inducing hypoxia, inflammation, and changes in neural pathways. In addition, VILI has received attention in affecting the treatment of cognitive impairment and provides new insights into individualized therapy. The combination of lung protective ventilation and drug therapy can overcome the inevitable problems of poor prognosis from a new perspective. In this review, we summarized VILI and non-VILI factors as risk factors for cognitive impairment and concluded the latest mechanisms. Moreover, we retrospectively explored the role of improving VILI in cognitive impairment treatment. This work contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of VILI-induced cognitive impairment and may provide future direction for the treatment and prognosis of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xintong Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruiying Fang
- The Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengliang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Yun T, Chae Y, Koo Y, Lee D, Kim H, Yang MP, Kang BT. Preliminary study of neurofilament light chain as a biomarker for hypoxia-induced neuronal injury in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1284306. [PMID: 37901103 PMCID: PMC10602691 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1284306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a neuroaxonal protein in the nervous system. NfL has recently been demonstrated to be a biomarker for various neurological diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential role of NfL in hypoxia-induced neuronal injury in dogs. Serum NfL levels were determined using a single-molecule array. Serum NfL concentrations were significantly higher in hypoxemic dogs without neurological signs (n = 6, 175.5 pg/mL) than in healthy dogs (n = 15, 15.9 pg/mL; p < 0.0001). Therefore, neuronal injury should be considered in dogs with hypoxemia caused by cardiopulmonary diseases, even in the absence of neurological signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesik Yun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhoi Koo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mhan-Pyo Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Teck Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Li S, Hu W, Gong S, Zhang P, Cheng J, Wang S, Wang Y, Shi W, Li Q, Wang F, Yuan Z. The Role of PRRC2B in Cerebral Vascular Remodeling Under Acute Hypoxia in Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300892. [PMID: 37395402 PMCID: PMC10477837 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
High altitude exposure leads to various cognitive impairments. The cerebral vasculature system plays an integral role in hypoxia-induced cognitive defects by reducing oxygen and nutrition supply to the brain. RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is susceptible to modification and regulates gene expression in response to environmental changes, including hypoxia. However, the biological significance of m6A in endothelial cell performance under hypoxic conditions is unknown. Using m6A-seq, RNA immunoprcipitation-seq, and transcriptomic co-analysis, the molecular mechanism of vascular system remodeling under acute hypoxia is investigated. A novel m6A reader protein, proline-rich coiled-coil 2B (PRRC2B), exists in endothelial cells. PRRC2B knockdown promoted hypoxia-induced endothelial cell migration by regulating alternative splicing of the alpha 1 chain of collagen type XII in an m6A-dependent manner and the decay of matrix metallopeptidase domain 14 and ADAM metallopeptidase domain 19 mRNA in an m6A-independent manner. In addition, conditional knockout of PRRC2B in endothelial cells promotes hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling and cerebral blood flow redistribution, thus alleviating hypoxia-induced cognitive decline. Therefore, PRRC2B is integral in the hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling process as a novel RNA-binding protein. These findings provide a new potential therapeutic target for hypoxia-induced cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoshuo Li
- School of Life ScienceBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100029China
- The Brain Science CenterBeijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijing100850China
| | - Wenyu Hu
- The Brain Science CenterBeijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijing100850China
- School of MedicineUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Shenghui Gong
- The Brain Science CenterBeijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijing100850China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The Brain Science CenterBeijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijing100850China
- School of MedicineUniversity of South ChinaHengyang421001China
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- The Brain Science CenterBeijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijing100850China
- Center on Translational NeuroscienceCollege of Life & Environmental ScienceMinzu University of ChinaBeijing100081China
| | - Shukun Wang
- The Brain Science CenterBeijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijing100850China
| | - Yingyi Wang
- The Brain Science CenterBeijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijing100850China
| | - Wenjun Shi
- The Brain Science CenterBeijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijing100850China
- Center on Translational NeuroscienceCollege of Life & Environmental ScienceMinzu University of ChinaBeijing100081China
| | - Qianqian Li
- The Brain Science CenterBeijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijing100850China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijing102206China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science CenterBeijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijing100850China
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Buonfiglio F, Böhm EW, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Oxidative Stress: A Suitable Therapeutic Target for Optic Nerve Diseases? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1465. [PMID: 37508003 PMCID: PMC10376185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve disorders encompass a wide spectrum of conditions characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and subsequent degeneration of the optic nerve. The etiology of these disorders can vary significantly, but emerging research highlights the crucial role of oxidative stress, an imbalance in the redox status characterized by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in driving cell death through apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation. This review provides an overview of ROS-related processes underlying four extensively studied optic nerve diseases: glaucoma, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), and optic neuritis (ON). Furthermore, we present preclinical findings on antioxidants, with the objective of evaluating the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.W.B.); (N.P.)
| | | | | | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.W.B.); (N.P.)
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Xie T, Shuang L, Liu G, Zhao S, Yuan Z, Cai H, Jiang L, Huang Z. Insight into the Neuroprotective Effect of Genistein-3'-Sodium Sulfonate Against Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischaemic Brain Injury in Rats by Bioinformatics. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:807-819. [PMID: 36370154 PMCID: PMC9849302 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only intervention approved for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), but its treatment window is narrow (within 6 h after birth), and its efficacy is not ideal. Thus, alternative treatments are urgently needed. Our previous studies showed that genistein-3'-sodium sulfonate (GSS), a derivative of genistein (Gen), has a strong neuroprotective effect in rats with ischaemic stroke, but its role in HIE is unclear. A hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) brain injury model was established in neonatal male Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rats. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, rats treated with GSS were assessed for cerebral infarction, neurological function, and neuronal damage. RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis were used to explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and regulated signalling pathways, which were subsequently validated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. In this study, we found that GSS not only significantly reduced the size of brain infarcts and alleviated nerve damage in rats with HIE but also inhibited neuronal loss and degeneration in neonatal rats with HIE. A total of 2170 DEGs, of which 1102 were upregulated and 1068 were downregulated, were identified in the GSS group compared with the HI group. In an analysis based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) categories, the downregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathways "Phagosome", "NF-κB signalling", and "Complement and coagulation cascades", amongst others. Meanwhile, the upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathways "Neurodegeneration", "Glutamatergic synapse", and "Calcium signalling pathway", amongst others. These results indicate that GSS intervenes in the process of HIE-induced brain injury by participating in multiple pathways, which suggests potential candidate drugs for the treatment of HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Graduate School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Liyan Shuang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Graduate School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Gaigai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Graduate School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- Basic Medicine School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Graduate School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- Basic Medicine School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhidong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Basic Medicine School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Hao Cai
- First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Lixia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Zhihua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Basic Medicine School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Pain Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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9
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Jiang C, Hu Y, Hou X, Qiu J. Neuroprotective effect of a novel brain-derived peptide, HIBDAP, against oxygen-glucose deprivation through inhibition of apoptosis in PC12 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3045-3051. [PMID: 36680622 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of a novel brain-derived peptide, hypoxic-ischemic brain damage associated peptide (HIBDAP), on apoptosis after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in PC12 cells was investigated. METHODS The HIBDAP sequence (HSQFIGYPITLFVEKER) was coupled with the carrier peptide of the transactivator of transcription (TAT) sequence (YGRKKRRQRRR). FITC-labelled TAT-HIBDAP was observed by fluorescence microscopy. After TAT-HIBDAP treatment and OGD treatment, the PC12 cell apoptosis rate was analysed using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assays. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was examined by fluorescence microscopy. Protein expression of apoptotic factors was examined by Western blotting. RESULTS FITC-labelled TAT-HIBDAP entered the PC12 cell nucleus. Compared with the OGD group, TAT-HIBDAP at low concentrations (1 µM, 5 µM, 10 µM) significantly reduced the apoptosis rate of PC12 cells (except at 20 µM); 5 µM TAT-HIBDAP had the most obvious effect. There were remarkable increases in ΔΨm at different concentrations (1 µM, 5 µM, 10 µM, 20 µM) of TAT-HIBDAP pretreatment, and 5 µM TAT-HIBDAP also had the most obvious effect. TAT-HIBDAP reversed the increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and activation of Caspase-3 induced by OGD. CONCLUSION TAT-HIBDAP is resistant to OGD-induced PC12 cell apoptosis by regulating the Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 pathway, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for neonatal HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yina Hu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuewen Hou
- Dapartment of Paediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Neonatology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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10
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Lewis CTA, Mascall KS, Wilson HM, Murray F, Kerr KM, Gibson G, Buchan K, Small GR, Nixon GF. An endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis downregulated by hypoxia in human aortic valve stenosis promotes disease pathogenesis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 174:25-37. [PMID: 36336008 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis is the most common valve disease in the western world. Central to the pathogenesis of this disease is the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) within the aortic valve allowing infiltration of immune cells and development of intra-valve inflammation. Identifying the cellular mediators involved in this angiogenesis is important as this may reveal new therapeutic targets which could ultimately prevent the progression of aortic valve stenosis. Aortic valves from patients undergoing surgery for aortic valve replacement or dilation of the aortic arch were examined both ex vivo and in vitro. We now demonstrate that the anti-angiogenic protein, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), a non-signalling soluble receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor, is constitutively expressed in non-diseased valves. sFlt-1 expression was, however, significantly reduced in aortic valve tissue from patients with aortic valve stenosis while protein markers of hypoxia were simultaneously increased. Exposure of primary-cultured valve interstitial cells to hypoxia resulted in a decrease in the expression of sFlt-1. We further reveal using a bioassay that siRNA knock-down of sFlt1 in valve interstitial cells directly results in a pro-angiogenic environment. Finally, incubation of aortic valves with sphingosine 1-phosphate, a bioactive lipid-mediator, increased sFlt-1 expression and inhibited angiogenesis within valve tissue. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that sFlt1 expression is directly correlated with angiogenesis in aortic valves and the observed decrease in sFlt-1 expression in aortic valve stenosis could increase valve inflammation, promoting disease progression. This could be a viable therapeutic target in treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T A Lewis
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Keith S Mascall
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Heather M Wilson
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Fiona Murray
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Keith M Kerr
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - George Gibson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - Keith Buchan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - Gary R Small
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Graeme F Nixon
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK.
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11
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Combination of EPC-EXs and NPC-EXs with miR-126 and miR-210 overexpression produces better therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke by protecting neurons through the Nox2/ROS and BDNF/TrkB pathways. Exp Neurol 2023; 359:114235. [PMID: 36174747 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS/AIMS Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and endothelial progenitor cell (EPCs) exhibit synergistical effects on protecting endothelial cell functions. MiR-126 and miR-210 can protect cell activities by regulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Exosomes (EXs) mediate the beneficial effects of stem cells via delivering microRNAs (miRs). Here, we investigated the combination effects of EXs from EPCs (EPC-EXs) and NPCs (NPC-EXs), and determined whether these EXs with miR-126 (EPC-EXsmiR-126) and miR-210 overexpression (NPC-EXsmiR-210) had better effects on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-injured neurons and ischemic stroke (IS). METHODS Cultured neurons were subjected to hypoxia for 6 h and then co-cultured with culture medium, NPC-EXs, EPC-EXs, NPC-EXs + EPC-EXs or NPC-EXsmiR-210 + EPC-EXsmiR-126 under normoxia for 24 h. Cell apoptosis, ROS production, neurite outgrowth and BDNF level were analyzed. Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed on C57BL/6 mice to build IS model. The mice were injected with PBS or various EXs via tail vein 2 h after MCAO operation. After 24 h, infarct volume and neurological deficits score (NDS), neuronal apoptosis, ROS production and spine density of dendrites, and brain BDNF level were analyzed. For mechanism study, NADPH oxidase 2(Nox2) and BDNF receptor tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) were determined, and TrkB inhibitor k-252a was used in in vitro and in vivo study. RESULTS 1) The level of miR-210 or miR-126 was increased after NPC-EXs or EPC-EXs treatment respectively. 2) In H/R-injured neurons, NPC-EXs or EPC-EXs decreased cell apoptosis and ROS production and promoted neurite outgrowth, which were associated with the downregulation of Nox2 and the increase of BDNF and p-TrkB/TrkB level. 3) In MCAO mice, NPC-EXs or EPC-EXs decreased infarct volume and NDS, reduced neural apoptosis and ROS production, and promoted the spine density of dendrites. The levels of Nox2, BDNF and p-TrkB/TrkB in mouse brain tissues changed in similar patterns as seen in the in vitro study. 4) In both cell and mouse models, combination of NPC-EXs and EPC-EXs was more effective than NPC-EXs or EPC-EXs alone on all of these effects. 5) EPC-EXsmiR-126 + NPC-EXsmiR-210 had better effects compared to NPC-EXs + EPC-EXs, which were inhibited by k-252a. CONCLUSION EPC-EXsmiR-126 combined NPC-EXsmiR-210 further orchestrate the combinative protective effects of EPC-EXs and NPC-EXs on IS, possibly by protecting H/R-injured neurons through the Nox2/ ROS and BDNF/TrkB pathways.
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12
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Siwicka-Gieroba D, Robba C, Gołacki J, Badenes R, Dabrowski W. Cerebral Oxygen Delivery and Consumption in Brain-Injured Patients. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1763. [PMID: 36573716 PMCID: PMC9698645 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organism survival depends on oxygen delivery and utilization to maintain the balance of energy and toxic oxidants production. This regulation is crucial to the brain, especially after acute injuries. Secondary insults after brain damage may include impaired cerebral metabolism, ischemia, intracranial hypertension and oxygen concentration disturbances such as hypoxia or hyperoxia. Recent data highlight the important role of clinical protocols in improving oxygen delivery and resulting in lower mortality in brain-injured patients. Clinical protocols guide the rules for oxygen supplementation based on physiological processes such as elevation of oxygen supply (by mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) modulation, cerebral vasoreactivity, oxygen capacity) and reduction of oxygen demand (by pharmacological sedation and coma or hypothermia). The aim of this review is to discuss oxygen metabolism in the brain under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University in Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Chiara Robba
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jakub Gołacki
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University in Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafael Badenes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical-Trauma Intensive Care, Hospital Clinic Universitari, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Wojciech Dabrowski
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University in Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
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13
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Qiu J, Guo L, Li W, Wang L, Tong L. Ghrelin inhibits early brain injury due to subarachnoid hemorrhage via the Tim-3-mediated HMGB1/NF-κB pathway. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 124:102138. [PMID: 35863561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effect of Ghrelin on EBI caused by SAH through the HMGB1/NF-κB pathway mediated by Tim-3. METHODS Rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): Sham group (Sham), SAH+vehicle group (SAH), SAH + 0.02 μg/kg rhGhrelin group (rhGhrelin-L), SAH + 0.04 μg/kg rhGhrelin group (rhGhrelin-H). At 48 h after SAH, the behavioral impairment in rats was examined for using neurobehavioral scores. The pathological change in the temporal basal brain tissue was observed by HE, and the expression of GHSR-1α and Tim-3 in the temporal basal brain tissue was observed by Western blot. To further validate that rhGhrelin could inhibit SAH-induced EBI by the Tim-3-mediated HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, we treated rats with the AAV-Tim-3. The contents of the inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 was determined by ELISA, apoptosis was detected by TUNEL, the neurons were visualized by Nissl staining, the expression of GHSR-1α,Tim-3, HMGB1, RAGE, NF-κB p65 was determined by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the SAH group, rats treated with rhGhrelin had a significantly lower neurobehavioral score, significantly decreased inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 expression, significantly decreased apoptosis index, and significantly decreased Tim-3, HMGB1, RAGE, NF-κB p65 expression(p < 0.01). The protective effect of rhGhrelin on the SAH-induced EBI was reversed by the AAV-Tim-3. CONCLUSION Ghrelin has beneficial effects against SAH-induced EBI by inhibiting the HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, which may be regulated by Tim-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoxue Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenna Li
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Tong
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China.
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14
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Gursoy M, Gul Z, Buyukuysal RL. Sigma receptor ligands haloperidol and ifenprodil attenuate hypoxia induced dopamine release in rat striatum. Neurol Res 2022; 44:927-936. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2072100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Gursoy
- Bursa Provincial Health Directorate, T.C. Ministry of Health, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Zulfiye Gul
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - R. Levent Buyukuysal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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15
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Liu B, Li G, Yang J, Li X, Wang H, Yang J, Wen H, He F. The mechanism of immune related signal pathway Egr2-FasL-Fas in transcription regulation and methylated modification of Paralichthys olivaceus under acute hypoxia stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:152-163. [PMID: 35219829 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis genes Egr2, Fas and FasL are related to immune responses. However, the mechanism of these genes inducing apoptosis in fish are still not very clear. An acute hypoxia treatment (1.73 ± 0.06 mg/L) for 24 h was carried out on Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The increasingly dense apoptotic signals at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h by TUNEL in skeletal muscle indicated that hypoxia could quickly affect muscle growth and development. Furthermore, we concluded that the Egr2-FasL-Fas signal pathway, which was located at the upstream of apoptotic executor protein caspases, was related to the apoptosis by quantitative real-time PCR, protein concentration detection in ELISA and double gene in situ hybridization methods. The mechanism of the pathway was researched in transcription regulation and epigenetic modification by dual-luciferase reporter assay and bisulfite modified method, respectively. Egr2, as a transcription factor, could up-regulate the expression of FasL gene. And its binding site was mainly between -479 to -1 of FasL gene promoter. The 5th CpG dinucleotides (-514) methylation levels in FasL gene were significantly affected by hypoxia, and they were negatively correlated with its expressions. These suggested that the -514 site may be a very important site to regulate the FasL gene expression. Above results, we concluded that hypoxia activated the immune related signal pathway Egr2-FasL-Fas to induced skeletal muscle apoptosis to affect growth and development of Japanese flounder. The study revealed the mechanism of hypoxia induced apoptosis, which could provide a reference for fish immunity and aquaculture management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Guangling Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
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16
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Yang X, Wang M, Zhou Q, Bai Y, Liu J, Yang J, Li L, Li G, Luo L. Macamide B Pretreatment Attenuates Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage of Mice Induced Apoptosis and Regulates Autophagy via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2776-2798. [PMID: 35190953 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii (maca) is an annual or biennial herb from South America that is a member of the genus Lepidium L. in the family Cruciferae. This herb possesses antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities, enhances autophagy functions, prevents cell death, and protects neurons from ischemic damage. Macamide B, an effective active ingredient of maca, exerts a neuroprotective effect on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), but the mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effect is not yet known. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of macamide B on HIBD-induced autophagy and apoptosis and its potential neuroprotective mechanism. The modified Rice-Vannucci method was used to induce HIBD in 7-day-old (P7) macamide B- and vehicle-pretreated pups. TTC staining was performed to evaluate the cerebral infarct volume in pups, the brain water content was measured to evaluate the neurological function of pups, neurobehavioural testing was conducted to assess functional recovery after HIBD, TUNEL and FJC staining was performed to detect cellular autophagy and apoptosis, and Western blot analysis was used to detect the levels of proteins in the pro-survival phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway and autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins. Macamide B pretreatment significantly decreases brain damage and improves the recovery of neural function after HIBD. At the same time, macamide B pretreatment activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway after HIBD, enhances autophagy, and reduces hypoxic-ischemic (HI)-induced apoptosis. In addition, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, significantly inhibits the increase in autophagy levels, aggravates HI-induced apoptosis, and reverses the neuroprotective effect of macamide B on HIBD. Our data indicate that a macamide B pretreatment might regulate autophagy through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby reducing HIBD-induced apoptosis and exerting neuroprotective effects on neonatal HIBD. Macamide B may become a new drug for the prevention and treatment of HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxian Bai
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Yang
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Li
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Li
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Medical Association, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Luo
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Medical Association, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Le N, Hufford TM, Park JS, Brewster RM. Differential expression and hypoxia-mediated regulation of the N-myc downstream regulated gene family. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21961. [PMID: 34665878 PMCID: PMC8573611 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100443r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms rely on oxygen to generate cellular energy (adenosine triphosphate or ATP). During severe hypoxia, the production of ATP decreases, leading to cell damage or death. Conversely, excessive oxygen causes oxidative stress that is equally damaging to cells. To mitigate pathological outcomes, organisms have evolved mechanisms to adapt to fluctuations in oxygen levels. Zebrafish embryos are remarkably hypoxia-tolerant, surviving anoxia (zero oxygen) for hours in a hypometabolic, energy-conserving state. To begin to unravel underlying mechanisms, we analyze here the distribution of the N-myc Downstream Regulated Gene (ndrg) family, ndrg1-4, and their transcriptional response to hypoxia. These genes have been primarily studied in cancer cells and hence little is understood about their normal function and regulation. We show here using in situ hybridization that ndrgs are expressed in metabolically demanding organs of the zebrafish embryo, such as the brain, kidney, and heart. To investigate whether ndrgs are hypoxia-responsive, we exposed embryos to different durations and severity of hypoxia and analyzed transcript levels. We observed that ndrgs are differentially regulated by hypoxia and that ndrg1a has the most robust response, with a ninefold increase following prolonged anoxia. We further show that this treatment resulted in de novo expression of ndrg1a in tissues where the transcript is not observed under normoxic conditions and changes in Ndrg1a protein expression post-reoxygenation. These findings provide an entry point into understanding the role of this conserved gene family in the adaptation of normal cells to hypoxia and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyet Le
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Timothy M. Hufford
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jong S. Park
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rachel M. Brewster
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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18
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De novo Assembly, Annotation, and Analysis of Transcriptome Data of the Ladakh Ground Skink Provide Genetic Information on High-Altitude Adaptation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091423. [PMID: 34573405 PMCID: PMC8466045 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Himalayan Arc is recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot. Among its numerous cryptic and undiscovered organisms, this composite high-mountain ecosystem harbors many taxa with adaptations to life in high elevations. However, evolutionary patterns and genomic features have been relatively rarely studied in Himalayan vertebrates. Here, we provide the first well-annotated transcriptome of a Greater Himalayan reptile species, the Ladakh Ground skink Asymblepharus ladacensis (Squamata: Scincidae). Based on tissues from the brain, an embryonic disc, and pooled organ material, using pair-end Illumina NextSeq 500 RNAseq, we assembled ~77,000 transcripts, which were annotated using seven functional databases. We tested ~1600 genes, known to be under positive selection in anurans and reptiles adapted to high elevations, and potentially detected positive selection for 114 of these genes in Asymblepharus. Even though the strength of these results is limited due to the single-animal approach, our transcriptome resource may be valuable data for further studies on squamate reptile evolution in the Himalayas as a hotspot of biodiversity.
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19
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Sankorrakul K, Qian L, Thangnipon W, Coulson EJ. Is there a role for the p75 neurotrophin receptor in mediating degeneration during oxidative stress and after hypoxia? J Neurochem 2021; 158:1292-1306. [PMID: 34109634 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic basal forebrain (cBF) neurons are particularly vulnerable to degeneration following trauma and in neurodegenerative conditions. One reason for this is their characteristic expression of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR ), which is up-regulated and mediates neuronal death in a range of neurological and neurodegenerative conditions, including dementia, stroke and ischaemia. The signalling pathway by which p75NTR signals cell death is incompletely characterised, but typically involves activation by neurotrophic ligands and signalling through c-Jun kinase, resulting in caspase activation via mitochondrial apoptotic signalling pathways. Less well appreciated is the link between conditions of oxidative stress and p75NTR death signalling. Here, we review the literature describing what is currently known regarding p75NTR death signalling in environments of oxidative stress and hypoxia to highlight the overlap in signalling pathways and the implications for p75NTR signalling in cBF neurons. We propose that there is a causal relationship and define key questions to test this assertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornraviya Sankorrakul
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld., Australia.,Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Lei Qian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld., Australia
| | - Wipawan Thangnipon
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Elizabeth J Coulson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld., Australia
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20
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Boughey H, Jurga M, El-Khamisy SF. DNA Homeostasis and Senescence: Lessons from the Naked Mole Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116011. [PMID: 34199458 PMCID: PMC8199619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As we age, our bodies accrue damage in the form of DNA mutations. These mutations lead to the generation of sub-optimal proteins, resulting in inadequate cellular homeostasis and senescence. The build-up of senescent cells negatively affects the local cellular micro-environment and drives ageing associated disease, including neurodegeneration. Therefore, limiting the accumulation of DNA damage is essential for healthy neuronal populations. The naked mole rats (NMR) are from eastern Africa and can live for over three decades in chronically hypoxic environments. Despite their long lifespan, NMRs show little to no biological decline, neurodegeneration, or senescence. Here, we discuss molecular pathways and adaptations that NMRs employ to maintain genome integrity and combat the physiological and pathological decline in organismal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Boughey
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute and the Institute of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Mateusz Jurga
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
| | - Sherif F. El-Khamisy
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute and the Institute of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-114-2222-791; Fax: +44-(0)-114-222-2850
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21
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Bang S, Lee S, Choi N, Kim HN. Emerging Brain-Pathophysiology-Mimetic Platforms for Studying Neurodegenerative Diseases: Brain Organoids and Brains-on-a-Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002119. [PMID: 34028201 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the structural and functional integrity of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Millions of people suffer from degenerative brain diseases worldwide, and the mortality continues to increase every year, causing a growing demand for knowledge of the underlying mechanisms and development of therapeutic targets. Conventional 2D-based cell culture platforms and animal models cannot fully recapitulate the pathophysiology, and this has limited the capability for estimating drug efficacy. Recently, engineered platforms, including brain organoids and brain-on-a-chip, have emerged. They mimic the physiology of brain tissue and reflect the fundamental pathophysiological signatures of neurodegenerative diseases, such as the accumulation of neurotoxic proteins, structural abnormalities, and functional loss. In this paper, recent advances in brain-mimetic platforms and their potential for modeling features of neurodegenerative diseases in vitro are reviewed. The development of a physiologically relevant model should help overcome unresolved neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokyoung Bang
- Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Songhyun Lee
- Department of Medical Engineering Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science & Technology KIST School Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
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22
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Wang DW, Lou XQ, Liu ZL, Zhang N, Pang L. LncRNA SNHG1 protects SH-SY5Y cells from hypoxic injury through miR-140-5p/Bcl-XL axis. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:336-345. [PMID: 32186226 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1744594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hypoxic brain injury is one of the major causes of neurodevelopmental impairment and cardiovascular disability. LncRNA SNHG1 works as a critical factor in hypoxic induced injury, however, the potential mechanism is still not known well.Methods: The expression level of small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) and miR-140-5p was detected by qRT-PCR. The western blot assay was performed to measure the level of Bcl-XL and apoptosis-related proteins. The target relationship between lncRNA SNHG1 and miR-140-5p, as well as miR-140-5p and Bcl-XL was detected by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed using Annexin V/PI staining by flow cytometry. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay.Results: Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) treatment inhibited SNHG1 and Bcl-XL expression and enhanced miR-140-5p expression. OGD treatment-induced cell viability inhibition, cell apoptosis promotion were partially abrogated when SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-SNHG1 or miR-140-5p inhibitor. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay revealed that lncRNA SNHG1 bound directly to miR-140-5p, and miR-140-5p directly targeted Bcl-XL. The protective effect of SNHG1 overexpressing on cell apoptosis induced by OGD was attenuated after transfected with miR-140-5p mimic or sh-Bcl-XL in SH-SY5Y cells.Conclusion: LncRNA SNHG1-modulated miR-140-5p inhibition regulates Bcl-XL expression, thereby reducing cell apoptosis and recovering cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells. The results in this study provide novel insight into the mechanism of SNHG1 mediated signaling pathway during hypoxic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qian Lou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Zuo-Long Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Li Pang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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Lešták J, Diblík P, Zacharov S, Fůs M, Kynčl M, Tintěra J, Heissigerová J. Late Functional and Morphological Findings after Methylalcohol Poisoning. CESKA A SLOVENSKA OFTALMOLOGIE : CASOPIS CESKE OFTALMOLOGICKE SPOLECNOSTI A SLOVENSKE OFTALMOLOGICKE SPOLECNOSTI 2020; 76:278-285. [PMID: 33691428 DOI: 10.31348/2020/39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to determine the morphological and functional findings in a patient after methanol poisoning. Examination methods: The patient (male, 38 years old) was suffered methanol poisoning in eight years ago (2012). The following tests and examinations were performed: neurological visual field XR test (Medmont M700), retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell complex (GCC) and peripapillary vessel density (all using Avanti RTvue, Optovue), pattern electroretinography (PERG) and pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) examination according to ISCEV methodology (Roland Consult Instrument) and brain MRI examination (Philips Achieva Dstream 3 T). RESULTS The biggest changes were found in RNFL and VD. PERG also showed damage to retinal ganglion cell axons. In left eye we determined decrease in oscillations (in comparison with contralateral eye) at N35-P50 and P50-N95. VEPs in both eyes were significantly reduced, almost inconspicuous in the left eye. Extension of latency time of P100 was not identified. Functional MRI showed a bilateral decrease in voxel activity with a greater decrease in the left eye. There were postmalatical changes in the dorsal parts of the putamen on MRI. The width of the optic nerve and chiasm was physiological. CONCLUSION Asymmetric damaging of RNFL and cortical centres of the brain were determined. We registered large pathological changes in VD, which are probably responsible for the deepening of optic nerve excavation and further loss of nerve fibers of retinal ganglion cells, which have not yet been described in the literature. Following these results is possible to define direct damage of nerve structures and blood vessels by toxins of methanol metabolism in the acute stage and upcoming reparation processes in following periods.
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Chen C, Chen W, Nong Z, Nie Y, Chen X, Pan X, Guo Y, Yao M, Deng W. Hyperbaric oxygen alleviated cognitive impairments in mice induced by repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibition of autophagy. Life Sci 2019; 241:117170. [PMID: 31838137 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment on a model of repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR). MAIN METHODS Eighty rats were randomly separated into sham, vehicle, hyperbaric air (HBA; 0.25 MPa, 60 min), and HBO (0.25 MPa, 60 min) groups. Repeated cerebral IR was induced by ligating the right and left bilateral common carotid arteries for 10 min and then allowing reperfusion for 10 min. This pattern was repeated three times. The neuroprotective effects of HBO were assessed by animal behavior, neuron morphology, inflammatory markers, intracellular calcium ion content, and autophagy-related protein and gene expression. KEY FINDINGS Our result showed that HBO improved learning and memory in the navigation trail and probe trail of the Morris water maze, and these findings were supported by the observation data from 2,3,5-Triphenyltet-razolium chloride staining, Nissl staining, and electron microscopic. Importantly, we found that HBO reduced excessive autophagy in the prefrontal cortex, which was evidenced by activating of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) and 4E-BP1, as well as suppression of LC3II and ATG5. Moreover, HBO significantly inhibited the cerebral IR-induced inflammatory reaction. Furthermore, HBO treatment modulated autophagy pathway-related factors, including producing a decrease in the intracellular calcium ion concentration and p53 level; meanwhile, the levels of BDNF and p-Akt were increased. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicated that HBO protected against IR-induced neuron injury by attenuating autophagy, inflammation, and calcium overload. These results provide a new mechanism and laboratory evidence for clinical treatment of VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Wan Chen
- Department of Emergency, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Zhihuan Nong
- Department of Pharmacy, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Yichu Nie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Pan
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Meicun Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
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Burgraff NJ, Neumueller SE, Buchholz KJ, Hodges MR, Pan L, Forster HV. Midbrain and cerebral inflammatory and glutamatergic adaptations during chronic hypercapnia in goats. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146437. [PMID: 31494104 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is associated with multiple human diseases that have in common chronic hypercapnia. However, the mechanisms leading to chronic hypercapnia-induced cognitive decline are not known. We have previously shown chronic hypercapnia through exposure to increased inspired CO2 (6% InCO2) in conscious goats caused an immediate (within hours) and sustained decline in cognitive performance during a shape discrimination test. Herein, within the same goats, we assessed markers of neuroinflammation and glutamate receptor expression/phosphorylation within CNS regions important for cognitive function following 24 hours (h) or 30 days (d) of chronic hypercapnia. Within 24 h, chronic hypercapnia increased expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the orbitofrontal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex, but at 30d IL-1β levels were not different relative to time-matched goats exposed to room-air. Additionally, Iba1 expression (a marker of microglial activation) was unaltered by chronic hypercapnia in all regions tested. Finally, levels of the total and phosphorylated AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 were reduced within the hippocampus at both 24 h and 30 d of hypercapnia, and reduced following 30 d within the anterior insular cortex. These data suggest that chronic hypercapnia leads to CNS site-dependent acute inflammatory responses and shifts in select glutamate receptor expression/phosphorylation in brain regions contributing to cognitive function. Such changes may be indicative of alterations in glutamatergic receptor-mediated signaling and neuronal dysfunction that contribute to declines in cognitive function associated with human diseases defined or marked by chronic CO2 retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Burgraff
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Suzanne E Neumueller
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Kirstyn J Buchholz
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Matthew R Hodges
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Lawrence Pan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Hubert V Forster
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
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Mechanism of acupuncture on anti-neuronal apoptosis and the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in heroin relapse rats. WORLD JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE-MOXIBUSTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hermawati E, Arfian N, Mustofa M, Partadiredja G. Chlorogenic acid ameliorates memory loss and hippocampal cell death after transient global ischemia. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:651-669. [PMID: 31437868 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is known to have antioxidant potentials, yet the effect of CGA on brain ischemia has not been sufficiently understood. Brain ischemia such as transient global ischemia disrupts many areas of the brain of rats, including the hippocampus. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups, that is, sham-operated (SO), bilateral common carotid occlusion (BCCO), and BCCO+ 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg bw CGA groups (CGA15, CGA30, and CGA60, respectively). Brain ischemia was induced in Wistar rats with BCCO for 20 min followed by intraperitoneal injection of CGA. The rats were examined for the spatial memory in a Morris water maze test on the 3rd day and were euthanized on the 10th day after BCCO. The total number of pyramidal cells was estimated, and the mRNA expressions of Bcl2, Bax, caspase-3, SOD2, SOD1, GPx, ET-1, eNOS, CD31, and VEGF-A were measured. The BCCO group spent less time and distance in the target quadrant than any other group in the spatial memory retention test. The CA1 pyramidal cell numbers in the BCCO and CGA15 groups were lower than in the CGA30 and CGA60 groups. The mRNA expressions of Bcl2, SOD2, and CD31 in the BCCO group were lower than in the CGA15, CGA30, and CGA60 groups. The ET-1 expression was higher in the BCCO and CGA15 groups than in the SO, CGA30, and CGA60 groups. CGA improves the spatial memory and prevents the CA1 pyramidal cell death after BCCO by increasing Bcl2, SOD2, and CD31 expressions and decreasing ET-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ery Hermawati
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Nur Arfian
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Mustofa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ginus Partadiredja
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Huang J, Liu W, Doycheva DM, Gamdzyk M, Lu W, Tang J, Zhang JH. Ghrelin attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis via GHSR-1α/AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α/UCP2 pathway in a rat model of neonatal HIE. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:322-337. [PMID: 31279091 PMCID: PMC6718314 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis induced by oxidative stress is one of the major pathological processes involved in neurological impairment after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Ghrelin, the unique endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1α (GHSR-1α), could take an anti-apoptotic role in the brain. However, whether ghrelin can attenuate neuronal apoptosis by attenuating oxidative stress after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) insult remains unknown. To investigate the beneficial effects of ghrelin on oxidative stress injury and neuronal apoptosis induced by HI, ten-day old unsexed rat pups were subjected to HI injury and exogenous recombinant human ghrelin(rh-Ghrelin) was administered intranasally at 1 h and 24 h after HI induction. [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, a selective inhibitor of GHSR-1α and Ex527, a selective inhibitor of GHSR-1α were administered intranasally at 1 h before HI induction respectively. Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) for GHSR-1α were administered by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection at 24 h before HI induction. Neurological tests, immunofluorescence, MitoSox staining, Fluoro-Jade C staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and western blot experiments were performed. Our results indicated that ghrelin significantly improved neurobehavioral outcomes and reduced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, ghrelin treatment significantly promoted phosphorylation of AMPK, upregulated the expression of Sirt1, PGC-1α, UCP2 and the ratio of Bcl2/Bax, while it downregulated cleaved caspase-3 levels. The protective effects of ghrelin were reversed by [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, GHSR-1α siRNA or Ex527. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that ghrelin reduced oxidative stress injury and neuronal apoptosis which was in part via the GHSR-1α/AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α/UCP2 signalling pathway after HI. Ghrelin may be a novel therapeutic target for treatment after neonatasl HI injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Desislava Met Doycheva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Marcin Gamdzyk
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Weitian Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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Roles of volume-regulatory anion channels, VSOR and Maxi-Cl, in apoptosis, cisplatin resistance, necrosis, ischemic cell death, stroke and myocardial infarction. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2019; 83:205-283. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Maternal nutrient restriction in guinea pigs leads to fetal growth restriction with increased brain apoptosis. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:105-112. [PMID: 30420709 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We determined whether maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) in guinea pigs leading to fetal growth restriction (FGR) impacts cell death in the brain with implications for neurodevelopmental adversity. METHODS Guinea pigs were fed ad libitum (Control) or 70% of the control diet before pregnancy, switching to 90% at mid-pregnancy (MNR). Fetuses were necropsied near term and brain tissues processed for necrosis (H&E), apoptosis (TUNEL), and pro- (Bax) and anti- (Bcl-2 and Grp78) apoptotic protein immunoreactivity. RESULTS FGR-MNR fetal and brain weights were decreased 38% and 12%, respectively, indicating brain sparing but with brains still smaller. While necrosis remained unchanged, apoptosis was increased in the white matter and hippocampus in the FGR brains, and control and FGR-related apoptosis were increased in males for most brain areas. Bax was increased in the CA4 and Bcl-2 was decreased in the dentate gyrus in the FGR brains supporting a role in the increased apoptosis, while Grp78 was increased in the FGR females, possibly contributing to the sex-related differences. CONCLUSIONS MNR-induced FGR results in increased brain apoptosis with regional and sex-related differences that may contribute to the reduction in brain area size reported clinically and increased risk in FGR males for later neurodevelopmental adversity.
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Li K, Li W, Yin H, Cheong YK, Ren G, Yang Z. Pretreatment-Etidronate Alleviates CoCl2 Induced-SH-SY5Y Cell Apoptosis via Decreased HIF-1α and TRPC5 Channel Proteins. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:428-440. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic acidosis with increasing lactate concentration develops due to the lack of oxygen in the tissues. OBJECTIVES The effect of lactic acidosis on neurological development in the first year of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study included 50 newborns with perinatal hypoxia requiring oxygen therapy and 50 healthy newborns. pH, pCO2, pO2, base excess (BE) and lactates from arterialized capillary blood were determined in both groups of newborns, in the first and second hours after birth, and neurological development in the first year of life was estimated. RESULTS pH, pCO2, pO2, BE and lactates differed significantly between the groups in the first and second hours after birth p < 0.01. Hypotonia was recorded in 20/50 cases and hypertonia was recorded in 10/50 cases in the first year of life. CONCLUSION Lactate concentration may be an indicator of neurological damage in neonates with perinatal hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljana Z Jovandaric
- a Department of Neonatology , Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Center of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Svetlana J Milenkovic
- a Department of Neonatology , Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Center of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia
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Xu N, Zhang Y, Doycheva DM, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Tang J, Guo H, Zhang JH. Adiponectin attenuates neuronal apoptosis induced by hypoxia-ischemia via the activation of AdipoR1/APPL1/LKB1/AMPK pathway in neonatal rats. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:415-428. [PMID: 29486166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an important adipocyte-derived plasma protein that has beneficial effects on cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. A low level of plasma Adiponectin is associated with increased mortality post ischemic stroke; however, little is known about the causal role of Adiponectin as well as its molecular mechanisms in neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI). In the present study, ten-day-old rat pups were subjected to right common carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5 h hypoxia. Recombinant human Adiponectin (rh-Adiponectin) was administered intranasally 1 h post HI. Adiponectin Receptor 1 (AdipoR1) siRNA, APPL1 siRNA, LKB1 siRNA were administered through intracerebroventricular injection 48 h before HI. Brain infarct area measurement, neurological function test, western blot, Fluoro Jade C (FJC), TUNEL, and immunofluorescence staining were conducted. Results revealed that endogenous Adiponectin, AdipoR1 and APPL1 were increased in a time dependent manner after HI. Administration of rh-Adiponectin reduced brain infarct area, neuronal apoptosis, brain atrophy and improved neurological function at 24 h and 4 weeks post HI. Furthermore, rh-Adiponectin treatment increased Adiponectin, AdipoR1, APPL1, cytosolic LKB1, p-AMPK expression levels and thereby attenuated apoptosis as shown by the decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic marker, Cleaved Caspase 3 (C-Cas3), as well as the number of FJC and TUNEL positively stained neurons. AdipoR1, APPL1 and LKB1 siRNAs abolished the anti-apoptotic effects of rh-Adiponectin at 24 h after HI. Collectively, the data provided evidence that intranasal administration of rh-Adiponectin attenuated neuronal apoptosis at least in part via activating AdipoR1/APPL1/LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Adiponectin could represent a therapeutic target for treatment of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adiponectin/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Brain Infarction/drug therapy
- Brain Infarction/etiology
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Escape Reaction/drug effects
- Female
- Fluoresceins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/drug therapy
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/pathology
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Male
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neurologic Examination
- Neurons/drug effects
- Protein Kinases/genetics
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adiponectin/genetics
- Receptors, Adiponectin/metabolism
- Reflex/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Swimming/physiology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Xu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Desislava Met Doycheva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Hongbo Guo
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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Yin B, Barrionuevo G, Weber SG. Mitochondrial GSH Systems in CA1 Pyramidal Cells and Astrocytes React Differently during Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reperfusion. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:738-748. [PMID: 29172440 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyramidal cells and astrocytes have differential susceptibility to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD-RP). It is known that excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria initiates cell death, while glutathione (GSH) is one of the major defenses against ROS. Although it is known that astrocytes contain a higher concentration of GSH than neurons, and that astrocytes can provide neurons with GSH, we are unaware of a detailed and quantitative examination of the dynamic changes in the mitochondrial GSH system in the two cell types during OGD-RP. Here, we determined mitochondrial membrane potential and the degrees of oxidation of the mitochondrially targeted roGFP-based sensors for hydrogen peroxide (OxDP) and GSH (OxDG). We also developed a method to estimate the mitochondrial GSH (mGSH) concentration in single cells in the CA1 region of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures at several time-points during OGD-RP. We find that mitochondrial membrane potential drops in pyramidal cells during OGD while it is relatively stable in astrocytes. In both types of cell, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreases during RP. During OGD-RP, mitochondrial peroxide levels are the same. Astrocytic mGSH is more than four times higher than pyramidal cell mGSH (3.2 vs 0.7 mM). Astrocytic mGSH is drained from mitochondria during OGD, whereas in pyramidal cells it remains fairly constant. OxDGSH prior to and during OGD is lower (less oxidized) in pyramidal cells than in astrocytes, but the two nearly converge during RP. The larger changes of redox status in the GSH system in pyramidal cells than astrocytes is an upstream sign of the higher mortality of the pyramidal cells after facing an insult. The pattern of [mGSH] changes in the two cell types could be recognized as another mechanism by which astrocytes protect neurons from transient, extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Germán Barrionuevo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen G. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Katyal N, Narula N, George P, Nattanamai P, Newey CR, Beary JM. Delayed Post-hypoxic Leukoencephalopathy: A Case Series and Review of the Literature. Cureus 2018; 10:e2481. [PMID: 29922522 PMCID: PMC6003800 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) is a unique clinical entity that presents with cognitive impairment days to weeks after an episode of acute hypoxic brain injury. Frequently hypoxia is unrecognized as a mechanism for clinical decline and extensive workup ensues. We present two cases of DPHL highlighting the neuroimaging findings. In both patients, a cerebral hypoxic event was followed by a recovery phase with subsequent delayed clinical decline. Patient 1 suffered hypoxia from drug-induced respiratory depression and lack of post-operative positive airway pressure (PAP) support. Her neurological exam on follow-up revealed progressive cognitive decline. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showed bilateral white matter changes involving the centrum semiovale. Patient 2 developed a generalized tonic-clonic seizure during an endobronchial biopsy procedure and was found to have multiple air emboli on computed tomography (CT) head scan. She was initially in a drug-induced coma for her seizures. Electroencephalography (EEG) on day 14 of admission showed changes consistent with diffuse encephalopathy. MRI brain showed bilateral white matter changes particularly at the watershed zones and in the centrum semiovale. DPHL is a rare and under-recognized clinical entity that requires clinical suspicion and detailed evaluation for diagnosis. Neuroimaging studies can provide prognostic information regarding the extent of neurological injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Katyal
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Naureen Narula
- Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, staten island, USA
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Xu TB, Li L, Luo XD, Lin H. BMSCs protect against liver injury via suppressing hepatocyte apoptosis and activating TGF-β1/Bax singling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1395-1402. [PMID: 29169724 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many factors cause liver injury, including chronic consumption of alcohol, irregular use of drugs, excessive levels of arsenic in water. This study aims to investigate role of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in liver injury recovery and to explore mechanism. BMSCs and primary hepatocytes were isolated, cultured and identified. Hepatocyte model and hepatic fibrosis (HF) model were established using carbon tetrachloride (CCL-4). The role of BMSCs were investigated in both in vitro and in vivo levels. Cell proliferation was examined using MTT assay. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Bcl-2 and Bax expression were detected using western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. Results indicated that BMSCs and primary hepatocytes were successfully isolated and identified, and hepatocyte model was successfully established. BMSCs and HGF treatment enhance viability of normal hepatocytes and hepatocyte injury model. Cell viability in BMSCs treatment and Bax-1 inhibitor treatment group was higher significantly compared to normal hepatocyte control and injury hepatocyte model, respectively (P<0.05). Bax-1 expression was significantly lower and Bcl-2 was significantly higher in Bax-1 inhibitor treatment and BMSCs treatment group compared to normal hepatocyte control (normal rats) and injury hepatocyte model (HF model), respectively (P<0.05). BMSCs significantly decreased ALT and AST levels compared to Saline group (P<0.05). In conclusion, function of BMSCs in liver injury was triggered by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis and leading cell proliferation through TGF-β1/Bax singling pathway. Our study proved protective role of BMSCs against liver injury via TGF-β1/Bax pathway, which would enrich application of BMSC in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Bing Xu
- Hepatobiliary Sugery Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Li
- Medical Services Section, Sixteenth Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Altay, China
| | - Xing-Di Luo
- Medical Services Section, Sixteenth Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Altay, China
| | - Heng Lin
- Hepatobiliary Sugery Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Transient Hypoxemia Chronically Disrupts Maturation of Preterm Fetal Ovine Subplate Neuron Arborization and Activity. J Neurosci 2017; 37:11912-11929. [PMID: 29089437 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2396-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants are at risk for a broad spectrum of neurobehavioral disabilities associated with diffuse disturbances in cortical growth and development. During brain development, subplate neurons (SPNs) are a largely transient population that serves a critical role to establish functional cortical circuits. By dynamically integrating into developing cortical circuits, they assist in consolidation of intracortical and extracortical circuits. Although SPNs reside in close proximity to cerebral white matter, which is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress, the susceptibility of SPNs remains controversial. We determined SPN responses to two common insults to the preterm brain: hypoxia-ischemia and hypoxia. We used a preterm fetal sheep model using both sexes that reproduces the spectrum of human cerebral injury and abnormal cortical growth. Unlike oligodendrocyte progenitors, SPNs displayed pronounced resistance to early or delayed cell death from hypoxia or hypoxia-ischemia. We thus explored an alternative hypothesis that these insults alter the maturational trajectory of SPNs. We used DiOlistic labeling to visualize the dendrites of SPNs selectively labeled for complexin-3. SPNs displayed reduced basal dendritic arbor complexity that was accompanied by chronic disturbances in SPN excitability and synaptic activity. SPN dysmaturation was significantly associated with the level of fetal hypoxemia and metabolic stress. Hence, despite the resistance of SPNs to insults that trigger white matter injury, transient hypoxemia disrupted SPN arborization and functional maturation during a critical window in cortical development. Strategies directed at limiting the duration or severity of hypoxemia during brain development may mitigate disturbances in cerebral growth and maturation related to SPN dysmaturation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The human preterm brain commonly sustains blood flow and oxygenation disturbances that impair cerebral cortex growth and cause life-long cognitive and learning disabilities. We investigated the fate of subplate neurons (SPNs), which are a master regulator of brain development that plays critical roles in establishing cortical connections to other brain regions. We used a preterm fetal sheep model that reproduces key features of brain injury in human preterm survivors. We analyzed the responses of fetal SPNs to transient disturbances in fetal oxygenation. We discovered that SPNs are surprisingly resistant to cell death from low oxygen states but acquire chronic structural and functional changes that suggest new strategies to prevent learning problems in children and adults that survive preterm birth.
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Zhou HH, Zhang L, Zhang HX, Zhang JP, Ge WH. Chimeric Peptide Tat-HA-NR2B9c Improves Regenerative Repair after Transient Global Ischemia. Front Neurol 2017; 8:509. [PMID: 29018405 PMCID: PMC5622973 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient global ischemia (TGI) is a major public health problem, and it heightens the need of effective treatments. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether recombinant polypeptide Tat-HA-NR2B9c improves spatial learning and memory deficits in rats after TGI. Rats were subjected to 20-min ischemia induced by four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method and daily injected with Tat-HA-NR2B9c (1.12 mg/kg) for 1 week. Tat-HA-NR2B9c increased CREB activity, upregulated B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression after treated for 24 h. There was a significant increase in dendrite spine density in hippocampal CA1 region and BrdU-positive cells and BrdU/NeuN-positive cells in the dentate gyrus after Tat-HA-NR2B9c treatment, compared with ischemia group at postischemic day 28. Inhibition of the CREB activation by recombinant lentivirus, LV-CREB133-GFP, abolished the upregulation effects of Tat-HA-NR2B9c on Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, Tat-HA-NR2B9c improved the impaired spatial learning and memory ability in Morris water maze. These results suggest that Tat-HA-NR2B9c substantially ameliorated the TGI-induced loss of dendrite spine in hippocampal CA1, increased neurogenesis in dentate gyrus, and significantly improved cognitive abilities by the CREB pathway in rats after transient global cerebral ischemia. It may be served as a treatment for TGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hui Zhou
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Ping Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Hong Ge
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Molecular Mechanisms of Anesthetic Neurotoxicity: A Review of the Current Literature. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2017; 28:361-372. [PMID: 27564556 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Data from epidemiologic studies and animal models have raised a concern that exposure to anesthetic agents during early postnatal life may cause lasting impairments in cognitive function. It is hypothesized that this is due to disruptions in brain development, but the mechanism underlying this toxic effect remains unknown. Ongoing research, particularly in rodents, has begun to address this question. In this review we examine currently postulated molecular mechanisms of anesthetic toxicity in the developing brain, including effects on cell death pathways, growth factor signaling systems, NMDA and GABA receptors, mitochondria, and epigenetic factors. The level of evidence for each putative mechanism is critically evaluated, and we attempt to draw connections between them where it is possible to do so. Although there are many promising avenues of research, at this time no consensus can be reached as to a definitive mechanism of injury.
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Jovandaric MZ, Nikolic TV, Milenkovic SJ, Otaševic BS, Bankovic VV, Ivanovski PI, Jesic MM. Lipids on the Second Day in Ischemic and Normoxemic Term Neonates. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2017; 36:276-281. [PMID: 28453380 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2017.1313914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In hypoxic newborns requiring oxygen, lipid peroxidation affects the peripheral blood lipids. OBJECTIVES Determine the influence of perinatal oxygen therapy for hypoxia on serum lipid concentrations on the second day of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study included 50 newborns with perinatal hypoxia requiring oxygen and 50 healthy newborns without oxygen therapy. Arterialized capillary blood was taken for categorization of hypoxia (pO2) after birth in both groups. Lipid concentrations: total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) were measured on day 2 in both groups. RESULTS TC, LDL, HDL, TG, HC03 levels were statistically lower in the study group compared to the control one, while pCO2 and BE levels were statistically higher in newborns with perinatal hypoxia. CONCLUSION Lower lipid levels in hypoxic newborns may suggest that circulating lipids are oxidized, peroxidized, and removed from the peripheral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljana Z Jovandaric
- a Department Neonatology, Clinic for Ginecology and Obstetrics , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Tatjana V Nikolic
- a Department Neonatology, Clinic for Ginecology and Obstetrics , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Svetlana J Milenkovic
- a Department Neonatology, Clinic for Ginecology and Obstetrics , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Biljana S Otaševic
- a Department Neonatology, Clinic for Ginecology and Obstetrics , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Violeta V Bankovic
- a Department Neonatology, Clinic for Ginecology and Obstetrics , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Petar I Ivanovski
- b Department of Hematology , University Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Milos M Jesic
- c Department of Neonatology , University Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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Single-cell time-lapse imaging of intracellular O 2 in response to metabolic inhibition and mitochondrial cytochrome-c release. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2853. [PMID: 28569778 PMCID: PMC5520905 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The detection of intracellular molecular oxygen (O2) levels is important for understanding cell physiology, cell death, and drug effects, and has recently been improved with the development of oxygen-sensitive probes that are compatible with live cell time-lapse microscopy. We here provide a protocol for the use of the nanoparticle probe MitoImage-MM2 to monitor intracellular oxygen levels by confocal microscopy under baseline conditions, in response to mitochondrial toxins, and following mitochondrial cytochrome-c release. We demonstrate that the MitoImage-MM2 probe, which embeds Pt(II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin as oxygen sensor and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) as an O2-independent component, enables quantitative, ratiometric time-lapse imaging of intracellular O2. Multiplexing with tetra-methyl-rhodamine-methyl ester in HeLa cervical cancer cells showed significant increases in intracellular O2 accompanied by strong mitochondrial depolarization when respiratory chain complexes III or IV were inhibited by Antimycin A or sodium azide, respectively, and when cells were maintained at 'physiological' tissue O2 levels (5% O2). Multiplexing also allowed us to monitor intracellular O2 during the apoptotic signaling process of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization in HeLa expressing cytochrome-c-eGFP, and demonstrated that mitochondria post cytochrome-c release are able to retain their capacity to respire at physiological O2 despite a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Yang JN, Chen J, Xiao M. A protease-activated receptor 1 antagonist protects against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury after asphyxial cardiac arrest in rabbits. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:242-249. [PMID: 28400806 PMCID: PMC5361508 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.199011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is partially mediated by thrombin, which causes brain damage through protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). However, the role and mechanisms underlying the effects of PAR1 activation require further elucidation. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of the PAR1 antagonist SCH79797 in a rabbit model of global cerebral ischemia induced by cardiac arrest. SCH79797 was intravenously administered 10 minutes after the model was established. Forty-eight hours later, compared with those administered saline, rabbits receiving SCH79797 showed markedly decreased neuronal damage as assessed by serum neuron specific enolase levels and less neurological dysfunction as determined using cerebral performance category scores. Additionally, in the hippocampus, cell apoptosis, polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, and c-Jun levels were decreased, whereas extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation levels were increased. All of these changes were inhibited by the intravenous administration of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway inhibitor LY29004 (3 mg/kg) 10 minutes before the SCH79797 intervention. These findings suggest that SCH79797 mitigates brain injury via anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, possibly by modulating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase/c-Jun and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ning Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China; Department of Immunology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
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Ghorbani M, Mohammadpour AH, Abnous K, Movassaghi AR, Sarshoori JR, Shahsavand S, Hashemzaei M, Moallem SA. G-CSF administration attenuates brain injury in rats following carbon monoxide poisoning via different mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:37-47. [PMID: 26502830 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute severe carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning induces hypoxia that leads to cardiovascular and nervous systems disturbances. Different complex mechanisms lead to CO neurotoxicity including lipid peroxidation, inflammatory and immune-mediated reactions, myelin degeneration and finally neuronal apoptosis and necrosis. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is considered to be a novel neuroprotective agent. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of G-CSF therapy on CO neurotoxicity in rats with acute CO poisoning. Rats were exposed to 3000 ppm CO in air (0.3%) for 1 h, and then different doses (50,100, and 150 µg/kg) of G-CSF or normal saline were administrated intraperitoneally. Water content of brain as an indicator for total edema and blood brain barrier integrity (Evans blue extravasation) were evaluated. Malondialydehyde was determined in order to evaluate the effect of G-CSF on CO-induced lipid peroxidation in brain tissues. Also, the effect of G-CSF on myeloperoxidase activity in the brain tissue was evaluated. The effect of G-CSF administration on induced apoptosis in the brain was measured using TUNEL method. To evaluate the level of MBP, STAT3 and pSTAT3 and HO-1 proteins and the effect of G-CSF on these proteins Western blotting was carried out. G-CSF reduced water content of the edematous poisoned brains (100 µg/kg) and BBB permeability (100 and 150 µg/kg) (P < 0.05). G-CSF (150 µg/kg) reduced the MDA level in the brain tissues (P < 0.05 as compared to CO poisoned animals). G-CSF did not decrease the MPO activity after CO poisoning in any doses. G-CSF significantly reduced the number of apoptotic neurons and Caspase 3 protein levels in the brain. Western blotting results showed that G-CSF treatment enhanced expression of HO-1 and MBP, STAT3 and pSTAT3 proteins in the brain tissues. Based on our results, a single dose of G-CSF immediately after CO poisoning significantly attenuates CO neurotoxicity via different mechanisms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 37-47, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghorbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Movassaghi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Raouf Sarshoori
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahsavand
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Akt attenuates apoptotic death through phosphorylation of H2A under hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21857. [PMID: 26899247 PMCID: PMC4761890 DOI: 10.1038/srep21857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the essential role of protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt in cell survival signaling has been clearly established, the mechanism by which Akt mediates the cellular response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress remains unclear. We demonstrated that Akt attenuated neuronal apoptosis through direct association with histone 2A (H2A) and phosphorylation of H2A at threonine 17. At early time points during H2O2 exposure of PC12 cells and primary hippocampal neurons, when the cells can tolerate the level of DNA damage, Akt was activated and phosphorylated H2A, leading to inhibition of apoptotic death. At later time points, Akt delivered the NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase Sirtuin 2 (Sirt 2) to the vicinity of phosphorylated H2A in response to irreversible DNA damage, thereby inducing H2A deacetylation and subsequently leading to apoptotic death. Ectopically expressed T17A-substituted H2A minimally interacted with Akt and failed to prevent apoptosis under oxidative stress. Thus Akt-mediated H2A phosphorylation has an anti-apoptotic function in conditions of H2O2-induced oxidative stress in neurons and PC12 cells.
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Xu A, Matushewski B, Nygard K, Hammond R, Frasch MG, Richardson BS. Brain Injury and Inflammatory Response to Umbilical Cord Occlusions Is Limited With Worsening Acidosis in the Near-Term Ovine Fetus. Reprod Sci 2015; 23:858-70. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719115623640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brad Matushewski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Nygard
- Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Hammond
- Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin G. Frasch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Neurosciences, CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Bryan S. Richardson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Yin B, Barrionuevo G, Weber SG. Optimized real-time monitoring of glutathione redox status in single pyramidal neurons in organotypic hippocampal slices during oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1838-48. [PMID: 26291433 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A redox-sensitive Grx1-roGFP2 fusion protein was introduced by transfection into single pyramidal neurons in the CA1 subfield of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs). We assessed changes in the GSH system in neuronal cytoplasm and mitochondria during oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/RP), an in vitro model of stroke. Pyramidal cells in a narrow range of depths below the surface of the OHSC were transfected by gene gun or single-cell electroporation with cyto- or mito-Grx1-roGFP2. To mimic the conditions of acute stroke, we developed an optimized superfusion system with the capability of rapid and reproducible exchange of the solution bathing the OHSCs. Measurements of pO2 as a function of tissue depth show that in the region containing the transfected cells, the pO2 is well-controlled. We also found that the pO2 changes on the same time scale as changes in intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow, and pO2 during acute stroke. Determining the reduction potential, EGSH, from the ratiometric fluorescence signal requires an absolute intensity measurement during calibration of the Grx1-roGFP2. Using the signal from cotransfected tdTomato as an internal standard during calibration improves quantitative measurements of Grx1-roGFP2 redox status and allows EGSH to be determined. EGSH becomes more reducing during OGD and more oxidizing during RP in mitochondria while changes in cytoplasm are not significant compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Germán Barrionuevo
- Department
of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen G. Weber
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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47
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Zakharov S, Nurieva O, Kotikova K, Urban P, Navratil T, Pelclova D. Factors predicting optic nerve axonal degeneration after methanol-induced acute optic neuropathy: a 2-year prospective study in 54 patients. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Cho Y, Shin JE, Ewan EE, Oh YM, Pita-Thomas W, Cavalli V. Activating Injury-Responsive Genes with Hypoxia Enhances Axon Regeneration through Neuronal HIF-1α. Neuron 2015; 88:720-34. [PMID: 26526390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Injured peripheral neurons successfully activate a proregenerative transcriptional program to enable axon regeneration and functional recovery. How transcriptional regulators coordinate the expression of such program remains unclear. Here we show that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) controls multiple injury-induced genes in sensory neurons and contribute to the preconditioning lesion effect. Knockdown of HIF-1α in vitro or conditional knock out in vivo impairs sensory axon regeneration. The HIF-1α target gene Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) is expressed in injured neurons and contributes to stimulate axon regeneration. Induction of HIF-1α using hypoxia enhances axon regeneration in vitro and in vivo in sensory neurons. Hypoxia also stimulates motor neuron regeneration and accelerates neuromuscular junction re-innervation. This study demonstrates that HIF-1α represents a critical transcriptional regulator in regenerating neurons and suggests hypoxia as a tool to stimulate axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheol Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jung Eun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric Edward Ewan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Young Mi Oh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wolfgang Pita-Thomas
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Kim H, Joo E, Suh S, Kim JH, Kim ST, Hong SB. Effects of long-term treatment on brain volume in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:395-409. [PMID: 26503297 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed structural brain damage in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) patients (21 males) and the effects of long-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment (18.2 ± 12.4 months; 8-44 months) on brain structures and investigated the relationship between severity of OSA and effects of treatment. Using deformation-based morphometry to measure local volume changes, we identified widespread neocortical and cerebellar atrophy in untreated patients compared to controls (59 males; Cohen's D = 0.6; FDR < 0.05). Analysis of longitudinally scanned magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans both before and after treatment showed increased brain volume following treatment (FDR < 0.05). Volume increase was correlated with longer treatment in the cortical areas that largely overlapped with the initial atrophy. The areas overlying the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the cerebellar dentate nucleus displayed a volume increase after treatment. Patients with very severe OSA (AHI > 64) presented with prefrontal atrophy and displayed an additional volume increase in this area following treatment. Higher impairment of working memory in patients prior to treatment correlated with prefrontal volume increase after treatment. The large overlap between the initial brain damage and the extent of recovery after treatment suggests partial recovery of nonpermanent structural damage. Volume increases in the dentate gyrus and the dentate nucleus possibly likely indicate compensatory neurogenesis in response to diminishing oxidative stress. Such changes in other brain structures may explain gliosis, dendritic volume increase, or inflammation. This study provides neuroimaging evidence that revealed the positive effects of long-term CPAP treatment in patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - EunYeon Joo
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | - Sooyeon Suh
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Redwood City, California
| | - Jae-Hun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Bong Hong
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
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Jang H, Choi Y, Ahn HR, Jung SH, Lee CY. Effects of phenolic acid metabolites formed after chlorogenic acid consumption on retinal degeneration in vivo. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1918-29. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holim Jang
- Department of Food Science; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
- Natural Products Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Gangneung Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsoo Choi
- Natural Products Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Gangneung Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ryul Ahn
- Natural Products Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Gangneung Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Natural Products Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Gangneung Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
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