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Pan Z, Xiao Y, Wang Z, Kong B, Liang Y. The size distribution of the agitated saline microbubbles for contrast transcranial Doppler generated using standard manual methods. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:948-956. [PMID: 38174664 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Agitated saline microbubbles (MBs) are a common contrast agent for determining right-to-left shunt (RLS) by the contrast transcranial Doppler (c-TCD). The size of the generated bubbles is not standardized in clinical practice. MBs were generated using the recommended manual method by reciprocating motion through two syringes. The bubble size distributions (BSD) were measured using the microscopic shadow imaging technique. The results show that the diameter of MBs is mainly distributed between 10 and 100 μm, the mean bubble size is between 21 and 34 μm, the Sauter mean diameter (D32) is primarily between 50 and 300 μm, and the standard deviation (SD) is between 6 and 17 μm in 80 experiments. It provides a more accurate basis for the recommended manual method instability. The high variance values of the BSD indicate that the manual method has low stability and repeatability. The results of this study can be useful for further improvement of the reliability of c-TCD in detecting RLS. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This study provided the first detailed descriptions of the MBs size distribution in a flowing contrast agent by the microscopic shadow imaging technique. It reveals significant differences in the bubble size of manual foaming during repeated manipulations for each individual and between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbin Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, China
| | - Yiting Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, China
| | - Zhiyue Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, China
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, China
| | - Yiyi Liang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Barmin RA, Moosavifar M, Zhang R, Rütten S, Thoröe-Boveleth S, Rama E, Ojha T, Kiessling F, Lammers T, Pallares RM. Hybrid ultrasound and photoacoustic contrast agent designs combining metal phthalocyanines and PBCA microbubbles. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2511-2522. [PMID: 38334758 PMCID: PMC10916536 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02950f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging diagnostic technology that combines the penetration depth of ultrasound (US) imaging and the contrast resolution of optical imaging. Although PA imaging can visualize several endogenous chromophores to obtain clinically-relevant information, multiple applications require the administration of external contrast agents. Metal phthalocyanines have strong PA properties and chemical stability, but their extreme hydrophobicity requires their encapsulation in delivery systems for biomedical applications. Hence, we developed hybrid US/PA contrast agents by encapsulating metal phthalocyanines in poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) microbubbles (PBCA MB), which display acoustic response and ability to efficiently load hydrophobic drugs. Six different metal chromophores were loaded in PBCA MB, showing greater encapsulation efficiency with higher chromophore hydrophobicity. Notably, while the US response of the MB was unaffected by the loading of the chromophores, the PA characteristics varied greatly. Among the different formulations, MB loaded with zinc and cobalt naphthalocyanines showed the strongest PA contrast, as a result of high encapsulation efficiencies and tunable optical properties. The strong US and PA contrast signals of the formulations were preserved in biological environment, as demonstrated by in vitro imaging in serum and whole blood, and ex vivo imaging in deceased mice. Taken together, these findings highlight the advantages of combining highly hydrophobic PA contrast agents and polymeric MB for the development of contrast agents for hybrid US/PA imaging, where different types of information (structural, functional, or potentially molecular) can be acquired by combining both imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Barmin
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - MirJavad Moosavifar
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Stephan Rütten
- Electron Microscope Facility, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Sven Thoröe-Boveleth
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Elena Rama
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Tarun Ojha
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Roger M Pallares
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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3
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Seo K, Zhang Y, Toyota T, Hayashi H, Hirata S, Yamaguchi T, Yoshida K. Release of liposomally formulated near-infrared fluorescent probes included in giant cluster vesicles by ultrasound irradiation. ULTRASONICS 2023; 134:107102. [PMID: 37454454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Detection of tumors and regional lymph nodes during surgery has been proposed in the diagnosis of lymphatic metastasis and the surgical treatment of malignant diseases. Giant cluster vesicles (GCVs), including liposomally formulated indocyanine green (LP-ICG) derivatives, are a possible candidate for agents to realize the two contradictory properties, i.e., retention in tissue for lesion-marking and trace for sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) identification. We attempted to release the LP-ICG derivatives from GCVs using ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) under ultrasound irradiation. An absorption spectrophotometer quantitatively evaluated the amounts of released LP-ICG derivatives. As a result, we demonstrated that it depended on conditions for sound pressure, burst length, and number density of UCAs, and had a sound pressure threshold independent of burst length and number density of UCAs. The results will aid to determine appropriate conditions to maximize the released amount of LP-ICG derivatives while keeping safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Seo
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Taro Toyota
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Hirata
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamaguchi
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
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4
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Microbubbles for human diagnosis and therapy. Biomaterials 2023; 294:122025. [PMID: 36716588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles (MBs) were observed for the first time in vivo as a curious consequence of quick saline injection during ultrasound (US) imaging of the aortic root, more than 50 years ago. From this serendipitous event, MBs are now widely used as contrast enhancers for US imaging. Their intrinsic properties described in this review, allow a multitude of designs, from shell to gas composition but also from grafting targeting agents to drug payload encapsulation. Indeed, the versatile MBs are deeply studied for their dual potential in imaging and therapy. As presented in this paper, new generations of MBs now opens perspectives for targeted molecular imaging along with the development of new US imaging systems. This review also presents an overview of the different therapeutic strategies with US and MBs for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. The overall aim is to overlap those fields in order to find similarities in the MBs application for treatment enhancement associated with US. To conclude, this review explores the new scales of MBs technologies with nanobubbles development, and along concurrent advances in the US imaging field. This review ends by discussing perspectives for the booming future uses of MBs.
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5
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Kalayeh K, Fowlkes JB, Chen A, Yeras S, Fabiilli ML, Claflin J, Daignault-Newton S, Schultz WW, Sack BS. Pressure Measurement in a Bladder Phantom Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography-A Path to a Catheter-Free Voiding Cystometrogram. Invest Radiol 2023; 58:181-189. [PMID: 36070543 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The long-term goal of this study is to investigate the efficacy of a novel, ultrasound-based technique called subharmonic-aided pressure estimation (SHAPE) to measure bladder pressure as a part of a cystometrogram (CMG) in a urodynamic test (ie, pressure-flow study). SHAPE is based on the principle that subharmonic emissions from ultrasound contrast microbubbles (MBs) decrease linearly with an increase in ambient pressure. We hypothesize that, using the SHAPE technique, we can measure voiding bladder pressure catheter-free. This is of importance because the CMG catheter, due to its space-occupying property and non-physiological effects, can undermine the reliability of the test during voiding and cause misdiagnosis. In this study, we tested this hypothesis and optimized the protocol in a controlled benchtop environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bladder phantom was designed and built, capable of simulating clinically relevant bladder pressures. Laboratory-made lipid-shelled MBs (similar in composition to the commercial agent, DEFINITY) was diluted in 0.9% normal saline and infused into the bladder phantom using the CMG infusion system. A typical simulated CMG consists of 1 filling and 4 post-filling events. During CMG events, the bladder phantom is pressurized multiple times at different clinically relevant levels (small, medium, and large) to simulate bladder pressures. Simultaneous with pressurization, MB subharmonic signal was acquired. For each event, the change in MB subharmonic amplitude was correlated linearly with the change in bladder phantom pressure, and the SHAPE conversion factor (slope of the linear fit) was determined. In doing so, a specific signal processing technique (based on a small temporal window) was used to account for time-decay of MB subharmonic signal during a simulated CMG. RESULTS A strong inverse linear relationship was found to exist between SHAPE and bladder phantom pressures for each of the CMG filling and post-filling events ( r2> 0.9, root mean square error < 0.3 dB, standard error <0.01 dB, and P < 0.001). SHAPE showed a transient behavior in measuring bladder phantom pressure. The SHAPE conversion factor (in dB/cm H 2 O) varied between filling and post-filling events, as well as by post-filling time. The magnitude of the SHAPE conversion factor tended to increase immediately after filling and then decreases with time. CONCLUSIONS Microbubble subharmonic emission is an excellent indicator of bladder phantom pressure variation. The strong correlation between SHAPE signal and bladder phantom pressure is indicative of the applicability of this method in measuring bladder pressure during a CMG. Our results suggest that different SHAPE conversion factors may be needed for different events during a CMG (ie, at different time points of a CMG). These findings will help us better protocolize this method for introduction into human subjects and allow us to take the next step toward developing a catheter-free voiding CMG using SHAPE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | | | | | | | | | - William W Schultz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Deng Q, Mi J, Dong J, Chen Y, Chen L, He J, Zhou J. Superiorly Stable Three-Layer Air Microbubbles Generated by Versatile Ethanol-Water Exchange for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Theranostics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:263-274. [PMID: 36354372 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles have been widely used as ultrasound contrast agents in clinical diagnosis. Moreover, most current preparation methods for microbubbles are uncontrollable, and the as-obtained microbubbles are unstable in aqueous solution or under ultrasound. Here, we report a strategy to prepare superiorly stable microbubbles with three-layer structures by the ethanol-water exchange. This versatile method can also be applied to prepare different kinds of protein microbubbles with various sizes for advanced biomedical applications. To demonstrate this, the protein air microbubbles are created, which is stable in water for several days with intact structures and exhibits excellent contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging. Moreover, the protein air microbubbles can also deliver a mass of drugs while maintaining their stable structures, making them a platform for ultrasound imaging-guided drug delivery. The versatile protein air microbubbles have great potential for the design and application of theranostic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Deng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Jiaomei Mi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Jianpei Dong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Yin Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Lanxi Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Jinxu He
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510006, China
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7
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Koo B, Liu Y, Abboud M, Qin B, Wu Y, Choi S, Kozak D, Zheng J. Characterizing how size distribution and concentration affect echogenicity of ultrasound contrast agents. ULTRASONICS 2023; 127:106827. [PMID: 36063769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of UCA gas bubble size distribution and concentration on the generated ultrasound echogenicity signal. Gas bubble size characterization using Coulter Counter and cryogenic-SEM revealed the hollow structure and rare presence of microbubbles >10 µm in a commercial UCA product, Lumason™. Volume-weighed size and concentration were observed to be more sensitive to changes in UCA bubble stability than number-weighted size and concentration. Size distribution measurements showed that the force (e.g., shaking/agitation energy) used to redisperse the sample did not affect the size distribution, concentration, or echogenicity of the UCA sample. The ultrasound backscattering coefficient (BSC) of size fractionated and serial diluted microbubbles showed that the echogenicity signal correlates most with UCA bubble concentration, especially volume-weighted concentration. Findings from this study may be used to support demonstrating the equivalence of a generic UCA product to the reference listed drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonhye Koo
- Division of Therapeutic Performance, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States; Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Yunbo Liu
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Monica Abboud
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Bin Qin
- Division of Therapeutic Performance, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Stephanie Choi
- Division of Therapeutic Performance, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Darby Kozak
- Division of Therapeutic Performance, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
| | - Jiwen Zheng
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
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8
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Kalayeh K, Fowlkes JB, Claflin J, Fabiilli ML, Schultz WW, Sack BS. Ultrasound Contrast Stability for Urinary Bladder Pressure Measurement. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:136-151. [PMID: 36244919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate ultrasound contrast microbubbles (MB) stability during a typical cystometrogram (CMG) for bladder pressure measurement application using the subharmonic-aided pressure estimation technique. A detailed study of MB stability was required given two unique characteristics of this application: first, bulk infusion of MBs into the bladder through the CMG infusion system, and second, duration of a typical CMG which may last up to 30 min. To do so, a series of size measurement and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging studies under different conditions were performed and the effects of variables that we hypothesized have an effect on MB stability, namely, i) IV bag air headspace, ii) MB dilution factor, and iii) CMG infusion system were investigated. The results verified that air volume in intravenous (IV) bag headspace was not enough to have a significant effect on MB stability during a CMG. We also showed that higher MB dosage results in a more stable condition. Finally, the results indicated that the CMG infusion system adversely affects MB stability. In summary, to ensure MB stability during the entire duration of a CMG, lower filling rates (limited by estimated bladder capacity in clinical applications) and/or higher MB dosage (limited by FDA regulations and shadowing artifact) and/or the consideration of alternative catheter design may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Kalayeh
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J Brian Fowlkes
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Jake Claflin
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mario L Fabiilli
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William W Schultz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bryan S Sack
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Kotopoulis S, Lam C, Haugse R, Snipstad S, Murvold E, Jouleh T, Berg S, Hansen R, Popa M, Mc Cormack E, Gilja OH, Poortinga A. Formulation and characterisation of drug-loaded antibubbles for image-guided and ultrasound-triggered drug delivery. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 85:105986. [PMID: 35358937 PMCID: PMC8967728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop high load-capacity antibubbles that can be visualized using diagnostic ultrasound and the encapsulated drug can be released and delivered using clinically translatable ultrasound. The antibubbles were developed by optimising a silica nanoparticle stabilised double emulsion template. We produced an emulsion with a mean size diameter of 4.23 ± 1.63 µm where 38.9 ± 3.1% of the droplets contained a one or more cores. Following conversion to antibubbles, the mean size decreased to 2.96 ± 1.94 µm where 99% of antibubbles were <10 µm. The antibubbles had a peak attenuation of 4.8 dB/cm at 3.0 MHz at a concentration of 200 × 103 particles/mL and showed distinct attenuation spikes at frequencies between 5.5 and 13.5 MHz. No increase in subharmonic response was observed for the antibubbles in contrast to SonoVue®. High-speed imaging revealed that antibubbles can release their cores at MIs of 0.6. In vivo imaging indicated that the antibubbles have a long half-life of 68.49 s vs. 40.02 s for SonoVue®. The antibubbles could be visualised using diagnostic ultrasound and could be disrupted at MIs of ≥0.6. The in vitro drug delivery results showed that antibubbles can significantly improve drug delivery (p < 0.0001) and deliver the drug within the antibubbles. In conclusion antibubbles are a viable concept for ultrasound guided drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros Kotopoulis
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Neoety AS, Kløfta, Norway.
| | - Christina Lam
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Haugse
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Quality and Development, Hospital Pharmacies Enterprise in Western Norway, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sofie Snipstad
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway; Cancer Clinic, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elisa Murvold
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; KinN Therapeutics, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tæraneh Jouleh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigrid Berg
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rune Hansen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mihaela Popa
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmet Mc Cormack
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; KinN Therapeutics, Bergen, Norway
| | - Odd Helge Gilja
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Albert Poortinga
- Polymer Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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10
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Pasupathy R, Pandian P, Selvamuthukumar S. Nanobubbles: A Novel Targeted Drug Delivery System. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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11
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Tehrani Fateh S, Moradi L, Kohan E, Hamblin MR, Shiralizadeh Dezfuli A. Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:808-862. [PMID: 34476167 PMCID: PMC8372309 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of theranostics has been rapidly growing in recent years and nanotechnology has played a major role in this growth. Nanomaterials can be constructed to respond to a variety of different stimuli which can be internal (enzyme activity, redox potential, pH changes, temperature changes) or external (light, heat, magnetic fields, ultrasound). Theranostic nanomaterials can respond by producing an imaging signal and/or a therapeutic effect, which frequently involves cell death. Since ultrasound (US) is already well established as a clinical imaging modality, it is attractive to combine it with rationally designed nanoparticles for theranostics. The mechanisms of US interactions include cavitation microbubbles (MBs), acoustic droplet vaporization, acoustic radiation force, localized thermal effects, reactive oxygen species generation, sonoluminescence, and sonoporation. These effects can result in the release of encapsulated drugs or genes at the site of interest as well as cell death and considerable image enhancement. The present review discusses US-responsive theranostic nanomaterials under the following categories: MBs, micelles, liposomes (conventional and echogenic), niosomes, nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, chitosan nanocapsules, dendrimers, hydrogels, nanogels, gold nanoparticles, titania nanostructures, carbon nanostructures, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, fuel-free nano/micromotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepand Tehrani Fateh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lida Moradi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Kohan
- Department of Science, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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12
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Krafft MP, Riess JG. Therapeutic oxygen delivery by perfluorocarbon-based colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102407. [PMID: 34120037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
After the protocol-related indecisive clinical trial of Oxygent, a perfluorooctylbromide/phospholipid nanoemulsion, in cardiac surgery, that often unduly assigned the observed untoward effects to the product, the development of perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based O2 nanoemulsions ("blood substitutes") has come to a low. Yet, significant further demonstrations of PFC O2-delivery efficacy have continuously been reported, such as relief of hypoxia after myocardial infarction or stroke; protection of vital organs during surgery; potentiation of O2-dependent cancer therapies, including radio-, photodynamic-, chemo- and immunotherapies; regeneration of damaged nerve, bone or cartilage; preservation of organ grafts destined for transplantation; and control of gas supply in tissue engineering and biotechnological productions. PFC colloids capable of augmenting O2 delivery include primarily injectable PFC nanoemulsions, microbubbles and phase-shift nanoemulsions. Careful selection of PFC and other colloid components is critical. The basics of O2 delivery by PFC nanoemulsions will be briefly reminded. Improved knowledge of O2 delivery mechanisms has been acquired. Advanced, size-adjustable O2-delivering nanoemulsions have been designed that have extended room-temperature shelf-stability. Alternate O2 delivery options are being investigated that rely on injectable PFC-stabilized microbubbles or phase-shift PFC nanoemulsions. The latter combine prolonged circulation in the vasculature, capacity for penetrating tumor tissues, and acute responsiveness to ultrasound and other external stimuli. Progress in microbubble and phase-shift emulsion engineering, control of phase-shift activation (vaporization), understanding and control of bubble/ultrasound/tissue interactions is discussed. Control of the phase-shift event and of microbubble size require utmost attention. Further PFC-based colloidal systems, including polymeric micelles, PFC-loaded organic or inorganic nanoparticles and scaffolds, have been devised that also carry substantial amounts of O2. Local, on-demand O2 delivery can be triggered by external stimuli, including focused ultrasound irradiation or tumor microenvironment. PFC colloid functionalization and targeting can help adjust their properties for specific indications, augment their efficacy, improve safety profiles, and expand the range of their indications. Many new medical and biotechnological applications involving fluorinated colloids are being assessed, including in the clinic. Further uses of PFC-based colloidal nanotherapeutics will be briefly mentioned that concern contrast diagnostic imaging, including molecular imaging and immune cell tracking; controlled delivery of therapeutic energy, as for noninvasive surgical ablation and sonothrombolysis; and delivery of drugs and genes, including across the blood-brain barrier. Even when the fluorinated colloids investigated are designed for other purposes than O2 supply, they will inevitably also carry and deliver a certain amount of O2, and may thus be considered for O2 delivery or co-delivery applications. Conversely, O2-carrying PFC nanoemulsions possess by nature a unique aptitude for 19F MR imaging, and hence, cell tracking, while PFC-stabilized microbubbles are ideal resonators for ultrasound contrast imaging and can undergo precise manipulation and on-demand destruction by ultrasound waves, thereby opening multiple theranostic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pierre Krafft
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean G Riess
- Harangoutte Institute, 68160 Ste Croix-aux-Mines, France
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13
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Collado-Lara G, Heymans SV, Godart J, D'Agostino E, D'hooge J, Van Den Abeele K, Vos HJ, de Jong N. Effect of a Radiotherapeutic Megavoltage Beam on Ultrasound Contrast Agents. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:1857-1867. [PMID: 33810887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Collateral damage to healthy surrounding tissue during conventional radiotherapy increases when deviations from the treatment plan occur. Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) are a possible candidate for radiation dose monitoring. This study investigated the size distribution and acoustic response of two commercial formulations, SonoVue/Lumason and Definity/Luminity, as a function of dose on clinical megavoltage photon beam exposure (24 Gy). SonoVue samples exhibited a decrease in concentration of bubbles smaller than 7 µm, together with an increase in acoustic attenuation and a decrease in acoustic scattering. Definity samples did not exhibit a significant response to radiation, suggesting that the effect of megavoltage photons depends on the UCA formulation. For SonoVue, the influence of the megavoltage photon beam was especially apparent at the second harmonic frequency, and can be captured using pulse inversion and amplitude modulation (3.5-dB decrease for the maximum dose), which could eventually be used for dosimetry in a well-controlled environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Collado-Lara
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sophie V Heymans
- Department of Physics, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Jeremy Godart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan D'hooge
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Hendrik J Vos
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nico de Jong
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Liu X, Counil C, Shi D, Mendoza-Ortega EE, Vela-Gonzalez AV, Maestro A, Campbell RA, Krafft MP. First quantitative assessment of the adsorption of a fluorocarbon gas on phospholipid monolayers at the air/water interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 593:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Qin D, Zou Q, Lei S, Wang W, Li Z. Predicting initial nucleation events occurred in a metastable nanodroplet during acoustic droplet vaporization. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 75:105608. [PMID: 34119737 PMCID: PMC8207230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) capable of converting liquid perfluorocarbon (PFC) micro/nanodroplets into gaseous microbubbles has gained much attention due to its medical potentials. However, its physical mechanisms for nanodroplets have not been well understood due to the disappeared superharmonic focusing effect and the prominent Laplace pressure compared to microdroplets, especially for the initial ADV nucleation occurring in a metastable PFC nanodroplet. The classical nucleation theory (CNT) was modified to describe the ADV nucleation via combining the phase-change thermodynamics of perfluoropentane (PFP) and the Laplace pressure effect on PFP nanodroplets. The thermodynamics was exactly predicted by the Redlich-Kwong equation of state (EoS) rather than the van der Waals EoS, based on which the surface tension of the vapor nucleus as a crucial parameter in the CNT was successfully obtained to modify the CNT. Compared to the CNT, the modified CNT eliminated the intrinsic limitations of the CNT, and it predicted a larger nucleation rate and a lower ADV nucleation threshold, which agree much better with experimental results. Furthermore, it indicated that the nanodroplet properties exert very strong influences on the nucleation threshold instead of the acoustic parameters, providing a potential strategy with an appropriate droplet design to reduce the ADV nucleation threshold. This study may contribute to further understanding the ADV mechanism for PFC nanodroplets and promoting its potential theranostic applications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dui Qin
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, PR China.
| | - Qingqin Zou
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, PR China
| | - Shuang Lei
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, PR China
| | - Zhangyong Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, PR China.
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16
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Wei P, Cornel EJ, Du J. Ultrasound-responsive polymer-based drug delivery systems. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1323-1339. [PMID: 33761101 PMCID: PMC7989687 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-responsive polymeric materials have received a tremendous amount of attention from scientists for several decades. Compared to other stimuli-responsive materials (such as UV-, thermal-, and pH-responsive materials), these smart materials are more applicable since they allow more efficient drug delivery and targeted treatment by fairly non-invasive means. This review describes the recent advances of such ultrasound-responsive polymer-based drug delivery systems and illustrates various applications. More specifically, the mechanism of ultrasound-induced drug delivery, typical formulations, and biomedical applications (tumor therapy, disruption of blood-brain barrier, fighting infectious diseases, transdermal drug delivery, and enhanced thrombolysis) are summarized. Finally, a perspective on the future research directions for the development of ultrasound-responsive polymeric materials to facilitate a clinical translation is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wei
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Erik Jan Cornel
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai, 201804, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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17
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Abstract
Gas-filled microbubbles are currently in clinical use as blood pool contrast agents for ultrasound imaging. The goal of this review is to discuss the trends and issues related to these relatively unusual intravascular materials, which are not small molecules per se, not polymers, not even nanoparticles, but larger micrometer size structures, compressible, flexible, elastic, and deformable. The intent is to connect current research and initial studies from 2 to 3 decades ago, tied to gas exchange between the bubbles and surrounding biological medium, in the following areas of focus: (1) parameters of microbubble movement in relation to vasculature specifics; (2) gas uptake and loss from the bubbles in the vasculature; (3) adhesion of microbubbles to target receptors in the vasculature; and (4) microbubble interaction with the surrounding vessels and tissues during insonation.Microbubbles are generally safe and require orders of magnitude lower material doses than x-ray and magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Application of microbubbles will soon extend beyond blood pool contrast and tissue perfusion imaging. Microbubbles can probe molecular and cellular biomarkers of disease by targeted contrast ultrasound imaging. This approach is now in clinical trials, for example, with the aim to detect and delineate tumor nodes in prostate, breast, and ovarian cancer. Imaging of inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and ischemic memory is also feasible. More importantly, intravascular microbubbles can be used for local deposition of focused ultrasound energy to enhance drug and gene delivery to cells and tissues, across endothelial barrier, especially blood-brain barrier.Overall, microbubble behavior, stability and in vivo lifetime, bioeffects upon the action of ultrasound and resulting enhancement of drug and gene delivery, as well as targeted imaging are critically dependent on the events of gas exchange between the bubbles and surrounding media, as outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Klibanov
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine; and Departments of Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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18
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Stability of Engineered Micro or Nanobubbles for Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111089. [PMID: 33202709 PMCID: PMC7698255 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A micro/nanobubble (MNB) refers to a bubble structure sized in a micrometer or nanometer scale, in which the core is separated from the external environment and is normally made of gas. Recently, it has been confirmed that MNBs can be widely used in angiography, drug delivery, and treatment. Thus, MNBs are attracting attention as they are capable of constructing a new contrast agent or drug delivery system. Additionally, in order to effectively use an MNB, the method of securing its stability is also being studied. This review highlights the factors affecting the stability of an MNB and the stability of the MNB within the ultrasonic field. It also discusses the relationship between the stability of the bubble and its applicability in vivo.
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19
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Hadji C, Dollet B, Bodiguel H, Drenckhan W, Coasne B, Lorenceau E. Impact of Fluorocarbon Gaseous Environments on the Permeability of Foam Films to Air. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13236-13243. [PMID: 33103908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A foam film, free to move and stabilized with tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide or sodium dodecylsulfate surfactants, is deposited inside of a cylindrical tube. It separates the tube into two distinct gaseous compartments. The first compartment is filled with air, while the second one contains a mixture of air and perfluorohexane vapor (C6F14), which is a barely water-soluble fluorinated compound. This foam film thus acts as a liquid semipermeable membrane for gases equivalent to the solid semipermeable membranes conventionally used in fluid separation processes. To infer the rate of air transfer through the membrane, we measure the displacement of the mobile foam film. From this, we deduce the instantaneous permeability of the membrane. In contrast to the permeability of solid membranes, which inexorably decreases over time because they become clogged, an anticlogging effect is observed with a permeability that systematically increases over time. Because the thickness of the film is constant over time, we attribute this to the possibility of adsorbing or desorbing fluorinated gas molecules on the liquid membrane. Indeed, because the partial pressure of the fluorinated gas is high at the beginning of the experiment, the density of the adsorbed molecules is also high, which leads to a low permeability to air transfer. On the contrary, at the end of the experiment, the partial pressure in fluorinated gas and thus the density of the adsorbed molecules are low. This leads to a higher permeability and a less clogged membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Hadji
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Hugues Bodiguel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble-INP, CNRS, LRP UMR5520, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Wiebke Drenckhan
- Univ. Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoît Coasne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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20
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Stride E, Segers T, Lajoinie G, Cherkaoui S, Bettinger T, Versluis M, Borden M. Microbubble Agents: New Directions. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:1326-1343. [PMID: 32169397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microbubble ultrasound contrast agents have now been in use for several decades and their safety and efficacy in a wide range of diagnostic applications have been well established. Recent progress in imaging technology is facilitating exciting developments in techniques such as molecular, 3-D and super resolution imaging and new agents are now being developed to meet their specific requirements. In parallel, there have been significant advances in the therapeutic applications of microbubbles, with recent clinical trials demonstrating drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier and into solid tumours. New agents are similarly being tailored toward these applications, including nanoscale microbubble precursors offering superior circulation times and tissue penetration. The development of novel agents does, however, present several challenges, particularly regarding the regulatory framework. This article reviews the developments in agents for diagnostic, therapeutic and "theranostic" applications; novel manufacturing techniques; and the opportunities and challenges for their commercial and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Tim Segers
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Lajoinie
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Samir Cherkaoui
- Bracco Suisse SA - Business Unit Imaging, Global R&D, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Bettinger
- Bracco Suisse SA - Business Unit Imaging, Global R&D, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Michel Versluis
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Borden
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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21
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Goldman S, Solano-Altamirano JM. An explicitly multi-component arterial gas embolus dissolves much more slowly than its one-component approximation. Math Biosci 2020; 326:108393. [PMID: 32497622 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We worked out the growth and dissolution rates of an arterial gas embolism (AGE), to illustrate the evolution over time of its size and composition, and the time required for its total dissolution. We did this for a variety of breathing gases including air, pure oxygen, Nitrox and Heliox (each over a range of oxygen mole fractions), in order to assess how the breathing gas influenced the evolution of the AGE. The calculations were done by numerically integrating the underlying rate equations for explicitly multi-component AGEs, that contained a minimum of three (water, carbon dioxide and oxygen) and a maximum of five components (water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and helium). The rate equations were straight-forward extensions of those for a one-component gas bubble. They were derived by using the Young-Laplace equation and Dalton's law for the pressure in the AGE, the Laplace equation for the dissolved solute concentration gradients in solution, Henry's law for gas solubilities, and Fick's law for diffusion rates across the AGE/arterial blood interface. We found that the 1-component approximation, under which the contents of the AGE are approximated by its dominant component, greatly overestimates the dissolution rate and underestimates the total dissolution time of an AGE. This is because the 1-component approximation manifestly precludes equilibration between the AGE and arterial blood of the inspired volatile solutes (O2, N2, He) in arterial blood. Our calculations uncovered an important practical result, namely that the administration of Heliox, as an adjunct to recompression therapy for treating a suspected N2-rich AGE must be done with care. While Helium is useful for preventing nitrogen narcosis which can arise in aggressive recompression therapy wherein the N2 partial pressure can be quite high (e.g.∼5 atm), it also temporarily expands the AGE, beyond the expansion arising from the use of Oxygen-rich Nitrox. For less aggressive recompression therapy wherein nitrogen narcosis is not a significant concern, Oxygen-rich Nitrox is to be preferred, both because it does not temporarily expand the AGE as much as Heliox, and because it is much cheaper and more conservation-minded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Goldman
- University of Guelph, Department of Chemistry, the Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, and the Guelph-Waterloo Physics Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - J M Solano-Altamirano
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Unversidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Col. San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, Mexico.
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22
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Shakya G, Hoff SE, Wang S, Heinz H, Ding X, Borden MA. Vaporizable endoskeletal droplets via tunable interfacial melting transitions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz7188. [PMID: 32284985 PMCID: PMC7124936 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz7188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Liquid emulsion droplet evaporation is of importance for various sensing and imaging applications. The liquid-to-gas phase transformation is typically triggered thermally or acoustically by low-boiling point liquids, or by inclusion of solid structures that pin the vapor/liquid contact line to facilitate heterogeneous nucleation. However, these approaches lack precise tunability in vaporization behavior. Here, we describe a previously unused approach to control vaporization behavior through an endoskeleton that can melt and blend into the liquid core to either enhance or disrupt cohesive intermolecular forces. This effect is demonstrated using perfluoropentane (C5F12) droplets encapsulating a fluorocarbon (FC) or hydrocarbon (HC) endoskeleton. FC skeletons inhibit vaporization, whereas HC skeletons trigger vaporization near the rotator melting transition. Our findings highlight the importance of skeletal interfacial mixing for initiating droplet vaporization. Tuning molecular interactions between the endoskeleton and droplet phase is generalizable for achieving emulsion or other secondary phase transitions, in emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazendra Shakya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 1111 Engineering Dr., Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Samuel E. Hoff
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Shiyi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Hendrik Heinz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, 027 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 1111 Engineering Dr., Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Mark A. Borden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 1111 Engineering Dr., Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, 027 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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23
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Chen W, Cai H, Zhang X, Huang D, Yang J, Chen C, Qian Q, He Y, Chen Z. Physiologic Factors Affecting the Circulatory Persistence of Copolymer Microbubbles and Comparison of Contrast-Enhanced Effects between Copolymer Microbubbles and Sonovue. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:721-734. [PMID: 31899039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound contrast agents have been widely used in clinical diagnosis. Knowledge of the physiologic factors affecting circulatory persistence is helpful in preparing long-lasting microbubbles (MBs) for blood perfusion and drug delivery research. In the study described here, we prepared copolymer MBs, compared their characteristics and contrast-enhanced effects with those of SonoVue and investigated the influence of external pressure, temperature, plasma components, renal microcirculation and cardiac motion on their circulatory persistence. The mean size of the copolymer MBs was 3.57 μm, larger than that of SonoVue. The copolymer MBs had longer circulatory persistence than SonoVue. At external pressures of 110 and 150 mm Hg, neither the quantity nor the morphology of the copolymer MBs changed. Further, their quantity and size were similar after incubation at 4°C and 39.4°C and when rabbit plasma and saline were compared. In vivo contrast-enhanced ultrasonography revealed a slightly larger area under the curve for the renal artery than for the renal vein. Thus, copolymer MBs exhibited good stability. However, the quantity of copolymer MBs decreased significantly after 180 s of circulation in an isolated toad heart perfusion model, indicating that cardiac motion was the main factor affecting their circulatory persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanping Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongjiao Cai
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingfu Qian
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yimi He
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhikui Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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24
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Khan AH, Dalvi SV. Kinetics of albumin microbubble dissolution in aqueous media. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2149-2163. [PMID: 32016261 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01516g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of microbubbles as ultrasound contrast agents and targeted drug delivery vehicles depends on their persistence in blood. It is therefore necessary to understand the dissolution behavior of microbubbles in an aqueous medium. While there are several reports available in the literature on the dissolution of lipid microbubbles, there are no reports available on the dissolution kinetics of protein microbubbles. Moreover, shell parameters such as interfacial tension, shell resistance and shell elasticity/stiffness which characterize microbubble shells, have been reported for lipid shells but no such data are available for protein shells. Accordingly, this work was focused on capturing the dissolution behavior of protein microbubbles and estimation of shell parameters such as surface tension, shell resistance and shell elasticity. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model protein and microbubbles were synthesized using sonication. During dissolution, a large portion of the protein shell was found to disengage from the gas-liquid interface after a stagnant dissolution phase, leading to a sudden disappearance of the microbubbles due to complete dissolution. In order to estimate shell parameters, microbubble dissolution kinetic data (radius vs. time) was fit numerically to a mass transfer model describing a microbubble dissolution process. Analysis of the results shows that the interfacial tension increases drastically and the shell resistance reduces significantly, as protein molecules leave the gas-liquid interface. Furthermore, the effect of processing conditions such as preheating temperature, microbubble size, and core gas and shell composition on the protein shell parameters was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaqib H Khan
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
| | - Sameer V Dalvi
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
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Jin J, Wang R, Tang J, Yang L, Feng Z, Xu C, Yang F, Gu N. Dynamic tracking of bulk nanobubbles from microbubbles shrinkage to collapse. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Duan L, Yang L, Jin J, Yang F, Liu D, Hu K, Wang Q, Yue Y, Gu N. Micro/nano-bubble-assisted ultrasound to enhance the EPR effect and potential theranostic applications. Theranostics 2020; 10:462-483. [PMID: 31903132 PMCID: PMC6929974 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery for tumor theranostics involves the extensive use of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Previously, various types of nanomedicines have been demonstrated to accumulate in solid tumors via the EPR effect. However, EPR is a highly variable phenomenon because of tumor heterogeneity, resulting in low drug delivery efficacy in clinical trials. Because ultrasonication using micro/nanobubbles as contrast agents can disrupt blood vessels and enhance the specific delivery of drugs, it is an effective approach to improve the EPR effect for the passive targeting of tumors. In this review, the basic thermal effect, acoustic streaming, and cavitation mechanisms of ultrasound, which are characteristics that can be utilized to enhance the EPR effect, are briefly introduced. Second, micro/nanobubble-enhanced ultrasound imaging is discussed to understand the validity and variability of the EPR effect. Third, because the tumor microenvironment is complicated owing to elevated interstitial fluid pressure and the deregulated extracellular matrix components, which may be unfavorable for the EPR effect, few new trends in smart bubble drug delivery systems, which may improve the accuracy of EPR-mediated passive drug targeting, are summarized. Finally, the challenging and major concerns that should be considered in the next generation of micro/nanobubble-contrast-enhanced ultrasound theranostics for EPR-mediated passive drug targeting are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Juan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, P. R. China
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Qinxin Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin Yue
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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Kilic S. Effect of Temperature on Stability of Lipid Microbubbles. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.594219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Tabata H, Koyama D, Matsukawa M, Yoshida K, Krafft MP. Vibration Characteristics and Persistence of Poloxamer- or Phospholipid-Coated Single Microbubbles under Ultrasound Irradiation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11322-11329. [PMID: 31419140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles shelled with soft materials are expected to find applications as ultrasound-sensitive drug delivery systems, including through sonoporation. Microbubbles with specific vibrational characteristics and long intravascular persistence are required for clinical uses. To achieve this aim, the kinetics of the microbubble shell components at the gas/liquid interface while being subjected to ultrasound need to be better understood. This paper investigates the vibration characteristics and lifetime of single microbubbles coated with a poloxamer surfactant, Pluronic F-68, and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) under ultrasound irradiation. Air- and perfluorohexane (PFH)-filled microbubbles coated with Pluronic F-68 and DMPC at several concentrations (0 to 10-2 mol L-1) were produced. An optical measurement system using a laser Doppler vibrometer and microscope was used to observe the radial vibration mode of single microbubbles. The vibrational displacement amplitude and resonance radius of Pluronic- or DMPC-coated microbubbles were found to depend very little on the concentrations. The resonance radius was around 65 μm at 38.8 kHz under all the experimental conditions investigated. The lifetime of the microbubbles was investigated simultaneously by measuring their temporal change in volume, and it was increased with Pluronic concentration. Remarkably, the oscillation amplitude of the bubble has an effect on the bubble lifetime. In other words, larger oscillation under the resonance condition accelerates the diffusion of the inner gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Tabata
- Faculty of Science and Engineering , Doshisha University , 1-3 Tataramiyakodani , Kyotanabe , Kyoto 610-0321 , Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyama
- Faculty of Science and Engineering , Doshisha University , 1-3 Tataramiyakodani , Kyotanabe , Kyoto 610-0321 , Japan
| | - Mami Matsukawa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering , Doshisha University , 1-3 Tataramiyakodani , Kyotanabe , Kyoto 610-0321 , Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoicho , Inage-ku , Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
| | - Marie Pierre Krafft
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS) , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
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Tang L, Hong W, Wang X, Sun W, Yang B, Wei M, Pan J, Liu J. Ultraminiature and Flexible Sensor Based on Interior Corner Flow for Direct Pressure Sensing in Biofluids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900950. [PMID: 31402551 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional pressure sensing devices are well developed for either indirect evaluation or internal measuring of fluid pressure over millimeter scale. Whereas, specialized pressure sensors that can directly work in various liquid environments at micrometer scale remain challenging and rarely explored, but are of great importance in many biomedical applications. Here, pressure sensor technology that utilizes capillary action to self-assemble the pressure-sensitive element is introduced. Sophisticated control of capillary flow, tunable sensitivity to liquid pressure in various mediums, and multiple transduction modes are realized in a polymer device, which is also flexible (thickness of 8 µm), ultraminiature (effective volume of 18 × 100 × 580 µm3 ), and transparent, enabling the sensor to work in some extreme situations, such as in narrow inner spaces (e.g., a microchannel of 220 µm in width and 100 µm in height), or on the surface of small objects (e.g., a 380 µm diameter needle). Potential applications of this sensor include disposables for in vivo and short-term measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjun Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- Shanghai NeuroZing Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201318, P. R. China
| | - Wen Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wenxi Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wei
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jingwei Pan
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Mercado-Shekhar KP, Su H, Kalaikadal DS, Lorenz JN, Manglik RM, Holland CK, Redington AN, Haworth KJ. Acoustic droplet vaporization-mediated dissolved oxygen scavenging in blood-mimicking fluids, plasma, and blood. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 56:114-124. [PMID: 31101245 PMCID: PMC6659737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) has been shown to reduce the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in a fluid. The goals of this study were three-fold: 1) to determine the ADV pressure amplitude threshold in fluids that had physiologically relevant values for surface tension, protein concentration, and viscosity; 2) to assess whether these parameters and fluid mixing affect ADV-mediated PO2 reduction; and 3) to assess the feasibility of ADV-mediated PO2 reduction in plasma and whole blood. In vitro ADV experiments were conducted using perfluoropentane droplets (number density: 5 × 106 ± 0.2 × 106/mL) dispersed in fluids (saline, polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions, porcine plasma, or porcine whole blood) that had a physiological range of surface tensions (62-68 mN/m), protein concentrations (0 and 68.7 mg/mL), and viscosities (0.7-4 cP). Droplets were exposed to pulsed ultrasound (5 MHz, 4.25 MPa peak negative pressure) while passing through a 37 °C flow system with inline PO2 sensors. In select experiments, the fluid also passed through mixing channels after ultrasound exposure. Our results revealed that the ADV pressure thresholds were the same for all fluids. Surface tension and protein concentration had no effect on PO2 reduction. Increasing viscosity attenuated PO2 reduction. However, the attenuated effect was absent after fluid mixing. Furthermore, ADV-mediated PO2 reduction in whole blood (30.8 ± 3.2 mmHg) was less than that in a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution (40.2 ± 2.1 mmHg) with equal viscosity. These findings should be considered when planning clinical studies of ADV-mediated PO2 reduction and other biomedical applications of ADV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haili Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Deepak S Kalaikadal
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John N Lorenz
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Raj M Manglik
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christy K Holland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew N Redington
- Division of Cardiology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kevin J Haworth
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Cardiology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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31
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Shi D, Liu X, Counil C, Krafft MP. Fluorocarbon Exposure Mode Markedly Affects Phospholipid Monolayer Behavior at the Gas/Liquid Interface: Impact on Size and Stability of Microbubbles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10025-10033. [PMID: 30548072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although most phospholipid-shelled microbubbles (MBs) investigated for medical applications are stabilized by a fluorocarbon (FC) gas, information on the interactions between the phospholipid and FC molecules at the gas/water interface remains scarce. We report that the procedure of introduction of perfluorohexane (F-hexane), that is, either in the gas phase above dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) Langmuir monolayers, or in the aqueous subphase, radically affects the compression isotherms. When introduced in the gas phase, F-hexane is rapidly incorporated in the interfacial film, but is also readily desorbed upon compression and eventually totally expelled from the phospholipid monolayers. By contrast, when introduced in the aqueous phase, F-hexane remains trapped at the interface. These dissimilar outcomes demonstrate that the phospholipid monolayer acts as a barrier that effectively hinders the transfer of the FC across the interfacial film. F-hexane was also found to significantly accelerate the adsorption kinetics of the phospholipids at the gas/water interface and to lower the interfacial tension, as assessed by bubble profile analysis tensiometry. The extent of these effects is more pronounced when F-hexane is provided from the gas phase. The size and stability characteristics of DMPC- and DPPC-shelled microbubbles were also found to depend on how the FC is introduced. As compared to reference MBs prepared under nitrogen only, introduction of F-hexane always causes a decrease in MB mean radius. However, while for DMPC this decrease depends on the F-hexane introduction procedure, it is independent from the procedure and most pronounced (from ∼2.0 μm to ∼1.0 μm) for DPPC. Introducing the FC in the gas phase has the strongest effect on MB half-life (t1/2 = ∼1.8 and 6.8 h for DMPC and DPPC, respectively), as compared to when it is delivered through the aqueous phase (∼0.8 and ∼1.7 h). Fluorocarbonless reference DMPC and DPPC bubbles had a half-life of ∼0.5 and 0.8 h, respectively. The effects of F-hexane on MB characteristics are discussed with regard to the interactions between phospholipids and F-hexane and monolayer fluidization effect, as revealed by the Langmuir and tensiometric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Shi
- University of Strasbourg , Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS) , 23 rue du Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , Cedex , France
| | - Xianhe Liu
- University of Strasbourg , Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS) , 23 rue du Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , Cedex , France
| | - Claire Counil
- University of Strasbourg , Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS) , 23 rue du Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , Cedex , France
| | - Marie Pierre Krafft
- University of Strasbourg , Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS) , 23 rue du Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , Cedex , France
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32
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Başpınar Y, Erel-Akbaba G, Kotmakçı M, Akbaba H. Development and characterization of nanobubbles containing paclitaxel and survivin inhibitor YM155 against lung cancer. Int J Pharm 2019; 566:149-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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33
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Mielke S, Abuillan W, Veschgini M, Liu X, Konovalov O, Krafft MP, Tanaka M. Influence of Perfluorohexane‐Enriched Atmosphere on Viscoelasticity and Structural Order of Self‐Assembled Semifluorinated Alkanes at the Air‐Water Interface. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1698-1705. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Mielke
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical ChemistryHeidelberg University D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wasim Abuillan
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical ChemistryHeidelberg University D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Institute of Industrial ScienceThe University of Tokyo 153-0041 Tokyo Japan
| | - Mariam Veschgini
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical ChemistryHeidelberg University D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Xianhe Liu
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS UPR 22)University of Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Oleg Konovalov
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) Grenoble Cedex 9 38053 France
| | - Marie Pierre Krafft
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS UPR 22)University of Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical ChemistryHeidelberg University D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics Institute for Advanced StudyKyoto University 606-8501 Kyoto Japan
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Upadhyay A, Dalvi SV. Microbubble Formulations: Synthesis, Stability, Modeling and Biomedical Applications. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:301-343. [PMID: 30527395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles are increasingly being used in biomedical applications such as ultrasonic imaging and targeted drug delivery. Microbubbles typically range from 0.1 to 10 µm in size and consist of a protective shell made of lipids or proteins. The shell encapsulates a gaseous core containing gases such as oxygen, sulfur hexafluoride or perfluorocarbons. This review is a consolidated account of information available in the literature on research related to microbubbles. Efforts have been made to present an overview of microbubble synthesis techniques; microbubble stability; microbubbles as contrast agents in ultrasonic imaging and drug delivery vehicles; and side effects related to microbubble administration in humans. Developments related to the modeling of microbubble dissolution and stability are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awaneesh Upadhyay
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Sameer V Dalvi
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India.
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35
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Shi D, Wallyn J, Nguyen DV, Perton F, Felder-Flesch D, Bégin-Colin S, Maaloum M, Krafft MP. Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:2103-2115. [PMID: 31728258 PMCID: PMC6839566 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dendrons fitted with three oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) chains, one of which contains a fluorinated or hydrogenated end group and bears a bisphosphonate polar head (C n X2 n +1OEG8Den, X = F or H; n = 2 or 4), were synthesized and grafted on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for microbubble-mediated imaging and therapeutic purposes. The size and stability of the dendronized IONPs (IONP@C n X2 n +1OEG8Den) in aqueous dispersions were monitored by dynamic light scattering. The investigation of the spontaneous adsorption of IONP@C n X2 n +1OEG8Den at the interface between air or air saturated with perfluorohexane and an aqueous phase establishes that exposure to the fluorocarbon gas markedly increases the rate of adsorption of the dendronized IONPs to the gas/water interface and decreases the equilibrium interfacial tension. This suggests that fluorous interactions are at play between the supernatant fluorocarbon gas and the fluorinated end groups of the dendrons. Furthermore, small perfluorohexane-stabilized microbubbles (MBs) with a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) shell that incorporates IONP@C n X2 n +1OEG8Den (DPPC/Fe molar ratio 28:1) were prepared and subsequently characterized using both optical microscopy and an acoustical method of size determination. The dendrons fitted with fluorinated end groups lead to smaller and more stable MBs than those fitted with hydrogenated groups. The most effective result is already obtained with C2F5, for which MBs of ≈1.0 μm in radius reach a half-life of ≈6.0 h. An atomic force microscopy investigation of spin-coated mixed films of DPPC/IONP@C2X5OEG8Den combinations (molar ratio 28:1) shows that the IONPs grafted with the fluorinated dendrons are located within the phospholipid film, while those grafted with the hydrocarbon dendrons are located at the surface of the phospholipid film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Shi
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Justine Wallyn
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dinh-Vu Nguyen
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Francis Perton
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Delphine Felder-Flesch
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Bégin-Colin
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mounir Maaloum
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Pierre Krafft
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
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Melich R, Valour JP, Urbaniak S, Padilla F, Charcosset C. Preparation and characterization of perfluorocarbon microbubbles using Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) membranes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Borden MA, Song KH. Reverse engineering the ultrasound contrast agent. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 262:39-49. [PMID: 30396507 PMCID: PMC6268001 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this review, a brief history and current state-of-the-art is given to stimulate the rational design of new microbubbles through the reverse engineering of current ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs). It is shown that an effective microbubble should be biocompatible, echogenic and stable. Physical mechanisms and engineering calculations have been provided to illustrate these properties and how they can be achieved. The reverse-engineering design paradigm is applied to study current FDA-approved and commercially available UCAs. Given the sophistication of microbubble designs reported in the literature, rapid development and adoption of ultrasound device hardware and techniques, and the growing number of revolutionary biomedical applications moving toward the clinic, the field of Microbubble Engineering is fertile for breakthroughs in next-generation UCA technology. It is up to current and future microbubble engineers and clinicians to push forward with regulatory approval and clinical adoption of advanced UCA technologies in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Borden
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0427, USA.
| | - Kang-Ho Song
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0427, USA
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Song KH, Harvey BK, Borden MA. State-of-the-art of microbubble-assisted blood-brain barrier disruption. Theranostics 2018; 8:4393-4408. [PMID: 30214628 PMCID: PMC6134932 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Focused ultrasound with microbubbles promises unprecedented advantages for blood-brain barrier disruption over existing intracranial drug delivery methods, as well as a significant number of tunable parameters that affect its safety and efficacy. This review provides an engineering perspective on the state-of-the-art of the technology, considering the mechanism of action, effects of microbubble properties, ultrasound parameters and physiological variables, as well as safety and potential therapeutic applications. Emphasis is placed on the use of unified parameters, such as microbubble volume dose (MVD) and ultrasound mechanical index, to optimize the procedure and establish safety limits. It is concluded that, while efficacy has been demonstrated in several animal models with a wide range of payloads, acceptable measures of safety should be adopted to accelerate collaboration and improve understanding and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ho Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Brandon K. Harvey
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Mark A. Borden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
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39
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Petrassi FA, Davis JT, Beasley KM, Evero O, Elliott JE, Goodman RD, Futral JE, Subudhi A, Solano-Altamirano JM, Goldman S, Roach RC, Lovering AT. AltitudeOmics: effect of reduced barometric pressure on detection of intrapulmonary shunt, pulmonary gas exchange efficiency, and total pulmonary resistance. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:1363-1376. [PMID: 29357511 PMCID: PMC6008081 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00474.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood flow through intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses (QIPAVA) occurs in healthy humans at rest and during exercise when breathing hypoxic gas mixtures at sea level and may be a source of right-to-left shunt. However, at high altitudes, QIPAVA is reduced compared with sea level, as detected using transthoracic saline contrast echocardiography (TTSCE). It remains unknown whether the reduction in QIPAVA (i.e., lower bubble scores) at high altitude is due to a reduction in bubble stability resulting from the lower barometric pressure (PB) or represents an actual reduction in QIPAVA. To this end, QIPAVA, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), cardiac output (QT), and the alveolar-to-arterial oxygen difference (AaDO2) were assessed at rest and during exercise (70-190 W) in the field (5,260 m) and in the laboratory (1,668 m) during four conditions: normobaric normoxia (NN; [Formula: see text] = 121 mmHg, PB = 625 mmHg; n = 8), normobaric hypoxia (NH; [Formula: see text] = 76 mmHg, PB = 625 mmHg; n = 7), hypobaric normoxia (HN; [Formula: see text] = 121 mmHg, PB = 410 mmHg; n = 8), and hypobaric hypoxia (HH; [Formula: see text] = 75 mmHg, PB = 410 mmHg; n = 7). We hypothesized QIPAVA would be reduced during exercise in isooxic hypobaria compared with normobaria and that the AaDO2 would be reduced in isooxic hypobaria compared with normobaria. Bubble scores were greater in normobaric conditions, but the AaDO2 was similar in both isooxic hypobaria and normobaria. Total pulmonary resistance (PASP/QT) was elevated in HN and HH. Using mathematical modeling, we found no effect of hypobaria on bubble dissolution time within the pulmonary transit times under consideration (<5 s). Consequently, our data suggest an effect of hypobaria alone on pulmonary blood flow. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Blood flow through intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses, detected by transthoracic saline contrast echocardiography, was reduced during exercise in acute hypobaria compared with normobaria, independent of oxygen tension, whereas pulmonary gas exchange efficiency was unaffected. Modeling the effect(s) of reduced air density on contrast bubble lifetime did not result in a significantly reduced contrast stability. Interestingly, total pulmonary resistance was increased by hypobaria, independent of oxygen tension, suggesting that pulmonary blood flow may be changed by hypobaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Petrassi
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana
| | - James T Davis
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana
| | - Kara M Beasley
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana
| | - Oghenero Evero
- Altitude Research Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado
| | - Jonathan E Elliott
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana
| | - Randall D Goodman
- Oregon Heart and Vascular Institute, Echocardiography, Springfield, Oregon
| | - Joel E Futral
- Oregon Heart and Vascular Institute, Echocardiography, Springfield, Oregon
| | - Andrew Subudhi
- Altitude Research Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Saul Goldman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Robert C Roach
- Altitude Research Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado
| | - Andrew T Lovering
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana
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Xia L, Karandish F, Kumar KN, Froberg J, Kulkarni P, Gange KN, Choi Y, Mallik S, Sarkar K. Acoustic Characterization of Echogenic Polymersomes Prepared From Amphiphilic Block Copolymers. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:447-457. [PMID: 29229268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymersomes are a class of artificial vesicles prepared from amphiphilic polymers. Like lipid vesicles (liposomes), they too can encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules in the aqueous core and the hydrophobic bilayer respectively, but are more stable than liposomes. Although echogenic liposomes have been widely investigated for simultaneous ultrasound imaging and controlled drug delivery, the potential of the polymersomes remains unexplored. We prepared two different echogenic polymersomes from the amphiphilic copolymers polyethylene glycol-poly-DL-lactic acid (PEG-PLA) and polyethylene glycol-poly-L-lactic acid (PEG-PLLA), incorporating multiple freeze-dry cycles in the synthesis protocol to ensure their echogenicity. We investigated acoustic behavior with potential applications in biomedical imaging. We characterized the polymeric vesicles acoustically with three different excitation frequencies of 2.25, 5 and 10 MHz at 500 kPa. The polymersomes exhibited strong echogenicity at all three excitation frequencies (about 50- and 25-dB enhancements in fundamental and subharmonic, respectively, at 5-MHz excitation from 20 µg/mL polymers in solution). Unlike echogenic liposomes, they emitted strong subharmonic responses. The scattering results indicated their potential as contrast agents, which was also confirmed by clinical ultrasound imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Fataneh Karandish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Krishna Nandan Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - James Froberg
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Prajakta Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Kara N Gange
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Yongki Choi
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
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41
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Wang G, Benasutti H, Jones JF, Shi G, Benchimol M, Pingle S, Kesari S, Yeh Y, Hsieh LE, Liu YT, Elias A, Simberg D. Isolation of Breast cancer CTCs with multitargeted buoyant immunomicrobubbles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 161:200-209. [PMID: 29080504 PMCID: PMC5726926 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are extremely rare cells found in blood of metastatic cancer patients. There is a need for inexpensive technologies for fast enrichment of CTCs from large blood volumes. Previous data showed that antibody-conjugated lipid shell immuno-microbubbles (MBs) bind and isolate cells from biological fluids by flotation. Here, blood-stable MBs targeted to several surface markers for isolation of breast tumor cells were developed. MBs coated with anti-human EpCAM antibodies showed efficient binding of EpCAM+ breast cancer cell lines SKBR-3, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-453, whereas anti-human EGFR MBs showed binding of EpCAMLOW/NEGATIVE cell lines MDA-MB-231 and BT-549. Multitargeted anti-human EpCAM/EGFR MBs bound all cell lines with over 95% efficiency. Highly concentrated MB-bound tumor cells were collected in a microliter volume via an inverted vacuum-assisted harvesting setup. Using anti-EpCAM and/or anti-EpCAM/EGFR MBs, an efficient (70-90%) recovery and fast (30min) isolation of the above-mentioned cells and cell clusters was achieved from 7.5mL of spiked human blood. Using anti-EpCAM MBs and anti-EpCAM/EGFR MBs, cytokeratin-positive, CD45-negative CTCs were detected in 62.5% (10/16) of patients with metastatic breast cancer and CTC clusters were detected in 41.7% (5/12) of CTC-positive samples. Moreover, in some samples MBs isolated cytokeratin positive, CD45 negative tumor-derived microparticles. None of these structures were detected in blood from non-epithelial malignancies. The fast and inexpensive multitargeted platform for batch isolation of CTCs can promote research and clinical applications involving primary tumors and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guankui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Halli Benasutti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jessica F Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Guixin Shi
- Diagnologix, LLC, 5820 Oberlin Drive, Suite 104, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michael Benchimol
- Diagnologix, LLC, 5820 Oberlin Drive, Suite 104, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sandeep Pingle
- Department of Translational Neuro-Oncology and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd., Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neuro-Oncology and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd., Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Yasan Yeh
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego,3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Li-En Hsieh
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego,3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yu-Tsueng Liu
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego,3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Anthony Elias
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Breast & Sarcoma Programs, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, 1665 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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42
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Wang J, Barback CV, Ta CN, Weeks J, Gude N, Mattrey RF, Blair SL, Trogler WC, Lee H, Kummel AC. Extended Lifetime In Vivo Pulse Stimulated Ultrasound Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2018; 37:222-229. [PMID: 28829305 PMCID: PMC5868352 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2017.2740784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An on-demand long-lived ultrasound contrast agent that can be activated with single pulse stimulated imaging (SPSI) has been developed using hard shell liquid perfluoropentane filled silica 500-nm nanoparticles for tumor ultrasound imaging. SPSI was tested on LnCAP prostate tumor models in mice; tumor localization was observed after intravenous (IV) injection of the contrast agent. Consistent with enhanced permeability and retention, the silica nanoparticles displayed an extended imaging lifetime of 3.3±1 days (mean±standard deviation). With added tumor specific folate functionalization, the useful lifetime was extended to 12 ± 2 days; in contrast to ligand-based tumor targeting, the effect of the ligands in this application is enhanced nanoparticle retention by the tumor. This paper demonstrates for the first time that IV injected functionalized silica contrast agents can be imaged with an in vivo lifetime ~500 times longer than current microbubble-based contrast agents. Such functionalized long-lived contrast agents may lead to new applications in tumor monitoring and therapy.
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43
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Bey H, Wintzenrieth F, Ronsin O, Höhler R, Cohen-Addad S. Stabilization of foams by the combined effects of an insoluble gas species and gelation. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:6816-6830. [PMID: 28825087 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02191c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Liquid foams are unstable due to aging processes such as drainage, coalescence or coarsening. Since these processes modify the foam structure, they can be a severe limitation to the elaboration of solid foams with controlled structures inherited from their liquid precursors. Such applications call for a thorough understanding of foam stabilization. Here we study how coarsening can be inhibited by the combined effects of a mixture of gas containing a species insoluble in the foaming solution and of gelation of the foaming solution. We present experiments with model ordered liquid foams and hydrogel foams. They allow us to identify the underlying physical mechanisms of stabilization and their governing parameters, namely the bubble radius Ro, the foam shear modulus G and the number ηo of insoluble trapped gas molecules per bubble. We propose a scaling model that predicts the stability diagram of an ideal monodisperse perfectly ordered foam as a function of Ro, G and ηo, in qualitative agreement with our data. We show that the domain of stable foams is governed by a characteristic elasto-capillary radius set by the ratio of surface tension to storage modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Bey
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
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44
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Briceño-Ahumada Z, Langevin D. On the influence of surfactant on the coarsening of aqueous foams. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 244:124-131. [PMID: 26687804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We review the coarsening process of foams made with various surfactants and gases, focusing on physico-chemical aspects. Several parameters strongly affect coarsening: foam liquid fraction and foam film permeability, this permeability depending on the surfactant used. Both parameters may evolve with time: the liquid fraction, due to gravity drainage, and the film permeability, due to the decrease of capillary pressure during bubble growth, and to the subsequent increase in film thickness. Bubble coalescence may enhance the bubble's growth rate, in which case the bubble polydispersity increases. The differences found between the experiments reported in the literature and between experiments and theories are discussed.
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45
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Ma X, Bussonniere A, Liu Q. A facile sonochemical synthesis of shell-stabilized reactive microbubbles using surface-thiolated bovine serum albumin with the Traut's reagent. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 36:454-465. [PMID: 28069233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The short lifetime of proteinaceous microbubbles produced using conventional sonication method has hindered their applications in drug delivery and metal removal from wastewater. In this study, we aimed to synthesize stable proteinaceous microbubbles and to demonstrate their reactivity. Our model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was treated with 2-iminothiolane hydrochloride (Traut's reagent) to convert primary amines to thiols before the synthesis of microbubbles. Microbubbles produced with the Traut's reagent-treated BSA (BSA-SH MBs) were initially concentrated at median sizes of 0.5 and 2.5μm. The 0.5μm portion quickly vanished, and the 2.5μm portion gradually shrank to ∼850nm in ∼3days and became stabilized afterward for several months under 4°C. Characterizations of BSA-SH MBs by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated the presence of free unbound thiols and primary amines on their surface, implying the possibility of further surface modification. Based on the zeta potential measurement, the isoelectric point (IEP) of BSA-SH MBs was determined to be 4.5. The attachments of BSA-SH MBs on alumina, silica, and gold surfaces in different pH environments were carried out with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), demonstrating the reactivities of BSA-SH MBs. At pH 6, the negatively charged BSA-SH MBs were adsorbed onto the alumina surface by electrostatic interaction. Analogously, at pH 4, the adsorption of the positively charged BSA-SH MBs on the silica surface was confirmed. Compared with the electrostatic interaction, the adsorption of BSA-SH MBs on the gold surface is attributed to the strong gold-thiol bonding effect. This is the first time that a universal approach for stabilizing protein-shelled microbubbles was reported using only one single step of surface treatment of proteins with the Traut's reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Ma
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 - 116 St NW, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Adrien Bussonniere
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 - 116 St NW, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Qingxia Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 - 116 St NW, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada.
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46
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Ma X, Liu Q. Preparation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-(acrylic acid)-encapsulated proteinaceous microbubbles for delivery of doxorubicin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 154:115-122. [PMID: 28334688 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by theranostic technologies, we electrostatically loaded proteinaceous microbubbles (MBs) with a model drug, doxorubicin (Dox) to couple their utilizations in diagnostic imaging with drug loading. A temperature-sensitive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-block-acrylic acid) (poly(NIPAM-b-AAc)) was used to encapsulate the Dox-loaded MBs to prevent premature release and to control the Dox release thermally. An LCST of 39°C, slightly higher than normal body temperatures, enables the release of Dox through a conformational change of the polymer shell upon moderate heating. The successive loadings of Dox and poly(NIPAM-b-AAc) were confirmed by fluorescent confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) imaging, zeta potential measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). Without a polymer shell, Dox-loaded MBs showed a poor in vitro retention of Dox at room temperature, releasing ∼75% within 8h, whereas the polymer-shelled, Dox-loaded MBs did not show any premature release of Dox. From 37°C to 39°C, the cumulative release of Dox from the polymer-encapsulated MBs was increased from ∼20 to ∼90% over a period of 18h based on in vitro release testing (IVRT). However, the release profiles of Dox from the shell-free, Dox-loaded MBs did not exhibit any similar temperature-controlled behavior, releasing ∼90% of Dox within 5h at both 37°C and 39°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Ma
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 - 116 St NW, Edmonton, Canada T6G 1H9
| | - Qingxia Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 - 116 St NW, Edmonton, Canada T6G 1H9.
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47
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Ando Y, Tabata H, Sanchez M, Cagna A, Koyama D, Krafft MP. Microbubbles with a Self-Assembled Poloxamer Shell and a Fluorocarbon Inner Gas. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12461-12467. [PMID: 27409141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The numerous applications of microbubbles in food science and medicine call for a better understanding and control of the effects of the properties of their shells on their stability and ability to resonate at chosen frequencies when submitted to an ultrasound field. We have investigated both millimetric and micrometric bubbles stabilized by an amphiphilic block copolymer, Poloxamer 188 (e.g., Pluronic F-68). Although Pluronic F-68 is routinely being used as a dispersing and foaming agent to facilitate phospholipid-based microbubble preparation, it has never been studied as a shell component per se. First, we investigated the adsorption kinetics of Pluronic F-68 at the interface between water and air, or air saturated with vapors of perfluorohexane (F-hexane), using bubble profile tensiometry analysis. F-Hexane was found to strongly accelerate the adsorption of Pluronic F-68 (at low concentrations) and decrease the interfacial tension values at equilibrium (at all concentrations). We also found that relatively stable microbubbles could unexpectedly be prepared from Pluronic F-68 in the absence of any other surfactant, but only when F-hexane was present. These bubbles showed an only limited volume increase over ∼3 h, while a 10-fold increase in size occurred within 200 s in the absence of a fluorocarbon. Remarkably, their deflation rate decreased when the Pluronic F-68 concentration decreased, suggesting that bubbles with semidilute copolymer coverage are more stable than those more densely covered by copolymer brushes. Single-bubble experiments using laser Doppler vibratometry showed that, by contrast with other surfactant-coated microbubbles, the resonance radius of the Pluronic F-68-coated microbubbles was lower than that of naked microbubbles, meaning that they are less elastic. It was also found that the bubble's vibrational displacement amplitude decreased substantially when the microbubbles were covered with Pluronic F-68, an effect that was further amplified by F-hexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ando
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University , Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hiraku Tabata
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University , Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Alain Cagna
- TECLIS Instruments , Tassin, 69160 Lyon Métropole, France
| | - Daisuke Koyama
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University , Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Marie Pierre Krafft
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics,
UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics,
UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hunter N. Bomba
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics,
UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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49
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Abou-Saleh RH, Peyman SA, Johnson BRG, Marston G, Ingram N, Bushby R, Coletta PL, Markham AF, Evans SD. The influence of intercalating perfluorohexane into lipid shells on nano and microbubble stability. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:7223-30. [PMID: 27501364 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00956e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles are potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents. In vivo stability is important as the bubbles are required to survive multiple passages through the heart and lungs to allow targeting and delivery. Here we have systematically varied key parameters affecting microbubble lifetime to significantly increase in vivo stability. Whilst shell and core composition are found to have an important role in improving microbubble stability, we show that inclusion of small quantities of C6F14 in the microbubble bolus significantly improves microbubble lifetime. Our results indicate that C6F14 inserts into the lipid shell, decreasing surface tension to 19 mN m(-1), and increasing shell resistance, in addition to saturating the surrounding medium. Surface area isotherms suggest that C6F14 incorporates into the acyl chain region of the lipid at a high molar ratio, indicating ∼2 perfluorocarbon molecules per 5 lipid molecules. The resulting microbubble boluses exhibit a higher in vivo image intensity compared to commercial compositions, as well as longer lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa H Abou-Saleh
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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50
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Sun C, Panagakou I, Sboros V, Butler MB, Kenwright D, Thomson AJW, Moran CM. Influence of temperature, needle gauge and injection rate on the size distribution, concentration and acoustic responses of ultrasound contrast agents at high frequency. ULTRASONICS 2016; 70:84-91. [PMID: 27140502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigated the influence of needle gauge (19G and 27G), injection rate (0.85ml·min(-1), 3ml·min(-1)) and temperature (room temperature (RT) and body temperature (BT)) on the mean diameter, concentration, acoustic attenuation, contrast to tissue ratio (CTR) and normalised subharmonic intensity (NSI) of three ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs): Definity, SonoVue and MicroMarker (untargeted). A broadband substitution technique was used to acquire the acoustic properties over the frequency range 17-31MHz with a preclinical ultrasound scanner Vevo770 (Visualsonics, Canada). Significant differences (P<0.001-P<0.05) between typical in vitro setting (19G needle, 3ml·min(-1) at RT) and typical in vivo setting (27G needle, 0.85ml·min(-1) at BT) were found for SonoVue and MicroMarker. Moreover we found that the mean volume-based diameter and concentration of both SonoVue and Definity reduced significantly when changing from typical in vitro to in vivo experimental set-ups, while those for MicroMarker did not significantly change. From our limited measurements of Definity, we found no significant change in attenuation, CTR and NSI with needle gauge. For SonoVue, all the measured acoustic properties (attenuation, CTR and NSI) reduced significantly when changing from typical in vitro to in vivo experimental conditions, while for MicroMarker, only the NSI reduced, with attenuation and CTR increasing significantly. These differences suggest that changes in physical compression and temperature are likely to alter the shell structure of the UCAs resulting in measureable and significant changes in the physical and high frequency acoustical properties of the contrast agents under typical in vitro and preclinical in vivo experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Medical Physics, Centre for Cardiovascular Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Ultrasound Department, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ioanna Panagakou
- Medical Physics, Centre for Cardiovascular Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vassilis Sboros
- Medical Physics, Centre for Cardiovascular Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Institute of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mairead B Butler
- Medical Physics, Centre for Cardiovascular Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Institute of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Kenwright
- Medical Physics, Centre for Cardiovascular Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adrian J W Thomson
- Medical Physics, Centre for Cardiovascular Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carmel M Moran
- Medical Physics, Centre for Cardiovascular Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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