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Pignet AL, Schellnegger M, Hecker A, Kohlhauser M, Kotzbeck P, Kamolz LP. Resveratrol-Induced Signal Transduction in Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312614. [PMID: 34884419 PMCID: PMC8657598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a well-known polyphenol that harbors various health benefits. Besides its well-known anti-oxidative potential, resveratrol exerts anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and cell-protective effects. It seems to be a promising adjuvant for various medical indications, such as cancer, vascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, resveratrol was shown to display beneficial effects on the human skin. The polyphenol is discussed to be a feasible treatment approach to accelerate wound healing and prevent the development of chronic wounds without the drawback of systemic side effects. Despite resveratrol’s increasing popularity, its molecular mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. To take full advantage of resveratrol’s therapeutic potential, a profound knowledge of its interactions with its targets is needed. Therefore, this review highlights the resveratrol-induced molecular pathways with particular focus on the most relevant variables in wound healing, namely inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, collagen proliferation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Pignet
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (A.H.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (L.-P.K.)
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-876-6013
| | - Marlies Schellnegger
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (A.H.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (L.-P.K.)
| | - Andrzej Hecker
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (A.H.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (L.-P.K.)
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Kohlhauser
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (A.H.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (L.-P.K.)
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (A.H.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (L.-P.K.)
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Lars-Peter Kamolz
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (A.H.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (L.-P.K.)
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Patra S, Nayak R, Patro S, Pradhan B, Sahu B, Behera C, Bhutia SK, Jena M. Chemical diversity of dietary phytochemicals and their mode of chemoprevention. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 30:e00633. [PMID: 34094892 PMCID: PMC8167155 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advancement in prognosis, diagnosis and treatment, cancer has emerged as the second leading cause of disease-associated death across the globe. With the remarkable application of synthetic drugs in cancer therapy and the onset of therapy-associated adverse effects, dietary phytochemicals have been materialized as potent anti-cancer drugs owing to their antioxidant, apoptosis and autophagy modulating activities. With dynamic regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in association with cell cycle regulation, inhibition in cellular proliferation, invasion and migration, dietary phytochemicals have emerged as potent anti-cancer pharmacophores. Dietary phytochemicals or their synthetic analogous as individual drug candidates or in combination with FDA approved chemotherapeutic drugs have exhibited potent anti-cancer efficacy. With the advancement in cancer therapeutics, dietary phytochemicals hold high prevalence for their use as precision and personalized medicine to replace conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Hence, keeping these perspectives in mind, this review focuses on the diversity of dietary phytochemicals and their molecular mechanism of action in several cancer subtypes and tumor entities. Understanding the possible molecular key players involved, the use of dietary phytochemicals will thrive a new horizon in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Rabindra Nayak
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Suryamani Patro
- Department of Home Science, S.B.R. Govt. Women’s College, Berhampur, 760001, India
| | - Biswajita Pradhan
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | | | - Chhandashree Behera
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
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3
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Feng Z, Cao J, Zhang Q, Lin L. The drug likeness analysis of anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoids. Chin Med 2020; 15:126. [PMID: 33298100 PMCID: PMC7727157 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an active defense response of the body against external stimuli. Long term low-grade inflammation has been considered as a deteriorated factor for aging, cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders. The clinically used glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not suitable for chronic inflammation. Therefore, it's urgent to discover and develop new effective and safe drugs to attenuate inflammation. Clerodane diterpenoids, a class of bicyclic diterpenoids, are widely distributed in plants of the Labiatae, Euphorbiaceae and Verbenaceae families, as well as fungi, bacteria, and marine sponges. Dozens of anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoids have been identified on different assays, both in vitro and in vivo. In the current review, the up-to-date research progresses of anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoids were summarized, and their druglikeness was analyzed, which provided the possibility for further development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Patra S, Pradhan B, Nayak R, Behera C, Rout L, Jena M, Efferth T, Bhutia SK. Chemotherapeutic efficacy of curcumin and resveratrol against cancer: Chemoprevention, chemoprotection, drug synergism and clinical pharmacokinetics. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:310-320. [PMID: 33152486 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The frequent inefficiency of conventional cancer therapies due to drug resistance, non-targeted drug delivery, chemotherapy-associated toxic side effects turned the focus to bioactive phytochemicals. In this context, curcumin and resveratrol have emerged as potent chemopreventive and chemoprotective compounds modulating apoptotic and autophagic cell death pathways in cancer in vitro and in vivo. As synergistic agents in combination with clinically established anticancer drugs, the enhanced anticancer activity at reduced chemotherapy-associated toxicity towards normal organs can be explained by improved pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioavailability and metabolism. With promising preclinical and clinical applications, the design of drug-loaded nanoparticles, nanocarriers, liposomes and micelles have gained much attention to improve target specificity and drug efficacy. The present review focuses on the molecular modes of chemoprevention, chemoprotection and drug synergism with special emphasis to preclinical and clinical applications, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and advanced drug delivery methods for the development of next-generation personalized cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Biswajita Pradhan
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Rabindra Nayak
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Chhandashree Behera
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Laxmidhar Rout
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India.
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5
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Brennan A, Leech JT, Kad NM, Mason JM. Selective antagonism of cJun for cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:184. [PMID: 32917236 PMCID: PMC7488417 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The activator protein-1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors modulate a diverse range of cellular signalling pathways into outputs which can be oncogenic or anti-oncogenic. The transcription of relevant genes is controlled by the cellular context, and in particular by the dimeric composition of AP-1. Here, we describe the evidence linking cJun in particular to a range of cancers. This includes correlative studies of protein levels in patient tumour samples and mechanistic understanding of the role of cJun in cancer cell models. This develops an understanding of cJun as a focal point of cancer-altered signalling which has the potential for therapeutic antagonism. Significant work has produced a range of small molecules and peptides which have been summarised here and categorised according to the binding surface they target within the cJun-DNA complex. We highlight the importance of selectively targeting a single AP-1 family member to antagonise known oncogenic function and avoid antagonism of anti-oncogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brennan
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - James T Leech
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Neil M Kad
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Jody M Mason
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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6
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Costa-Machado LF, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. The sirtuin family in cancer. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2164-2196. [PMID: 31251117 PMCID: PMC6738532 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1634953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of protein deacylases and ADP-ribosyl-transferases, homologs to the yeast SIR2 protein. Seven sirtuin paralogs have been described in mammals, with different subcellular locations, targets, enzymatic activities, and regulatory mechanisms. All sirtuins share NAD+ as substrate, placing them as central metabolic hubs with strong relevance in lifespan, metabolism, and cancer development. Much effort has been devoted to studying the roles of sirtuins in cancer, providing a wealth of data on sirtuins roles in mouse models and humans. Also, extensive data are available on the effects of pharmacological modulation of sirtuins in cancer development. Here, we present a comprehensive and organized resume of all the existing evidence linking every sirtuin with cancer development. From our analysis, we conclude that sirtuin modulation after tumor initiation results in unpredictable outcomes in most tumor types. On the contrary, all genetic and pharmacological models indicate that sirtuins activation prior to tumor initiation can constitute a powerful preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Filipe Costa-Machado
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Resveratrol Action on Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112704. [PMID: 31159437 PMCID: PMC6601040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer diseases have the leading position in human mortality nowadays. The age of oncologic patients is still decreasing, and the entire scientific society is eager for new ways to fight against cancer. One of the most discussed issues is prevention by means of natural substances. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring plant polyphenol with proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Tumor cells display specific changes in the metabolism of various lipids. Resveratrol alters lipid metabolism in cancer, thereby affecting storage of energy, cell signaling, proliferation, progression, and invasiveness of cancer cells. At the whole organism level, it contributes to the optimal metabolism extent with respect to the demands of the organism. Thus, resveratrol could be used as a preventive and anticancer agent. In this review, we focus on some of the plethora of lipid pathways and signal molecules which are affected by resveratrol during carcinogenesis.
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Pezzuto JM. Resveratrol: Twenty Years of Growth, Development and Controversy. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:1-14. [PMID: 30332889 PMCID: PMC6319551 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol was first isolated in 1939 by Takaoka from Veratrum grandiflorum O. Loes. Following this discovery, sporadic descriptive reports appeared in the literature. However, spurred by our seminal paper published nearly 60 years later, resveratrol became a household word and the subject of extensive investigation. Now, in addition to appearing in over 20,000 research papers, resveratrol has inspired monographs, conferences, symposia, patents, chemical derivatives, etc. In addition, dietary supplements are marketed under various tradenames. Once resveratrol was brought to the limelight, early research tended to focus on pharmacological activities related to the cardiovascular system, inflammation, and cancer but, over the years, the horizon greatly expanded. Around 130 human clinical trials have been (or are being) conducted with varying results. This may be due to factors such as disparate doses (ca. 5 to 5,000 mg/day) and variable experimental settings. Further, molecular targets are numerous and a dominant mechanism is elusive or nonexistent. In this context, the compound is overtly promiscuous. Nonetheless, since the safety profile is pristine, and use as a dietary supplement is prevalent, these features are not viewed as detrimental. Given the ongoing history of resveratrol, it is reasonable to advocate for additional development and further clinical investigation. Topical preparations seem especially promising, as do conditions that can respond to anti-inflammatory action and/or direct exposure, such as colon cancer prevention. Although the ultimate fate of resveratrol remains an open question, thus far, the compound has inspired innovative scientific concepts and enhanced public awareness of preventative health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Pezzuto
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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Chowdhury N, Vhora I, Patel K, Bagde A, Kutlehria S, Singh M. Development of Hot Melt Extruded Solid Dispersion of Tamoxifen Citrate and Resveratrol for Synergistic Effects on Breast Cancer Cells. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:3287-3297. [PMID: 30218267 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary standard therapy for ER-positive breast cancer being tamoxifen, newer delivery approach for enhancement of dissolution and therapeutic efficiency of tamoxifen through oral route could be a possible solution. In the present study, we investigated combination of tamoxifen (TAM) with resveratrol (RES) and observed that the combination is effective on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. To ensure co-delivery of the drugs, we explored the hot melt extrusion technique for simultaneously extruding two drugs together in order to enhance their bioavailability. As both are class II drugs with dissolution limited bioavailability, detailed formulation and process parameter analyses were carried out. Detailed characterization using microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) confirmed that both the drugs were molecularly dispersed in the matrix of Soluplus, CremophorRH40, and Poloxamer188, and no interactions between the ingredients were there during hot melt extrusion (HME) process. Dissolution studies confirmed that HME extrudates were able to release drug more rapidly than simple suspension formulation. Further, pharmacokinetic studies in rats were carried out for tamoxifen. Results demonstrated that extrusion significantly increased the tamoxifen oral bioavailability (p < 0.05) (Tmax = 2.00 ± 0.56 h, Cmax = 3.66 ± 1.49 μg/mL, AUC = 39.80 ± 16.24 μg h/mL, MRT = 20.49 ± 5.71) compared to the conventional suspension of tamoxifen (Tmax = 2.00 ± 0.71 h, Cmax = 2.41 ± 0.84 μg/mL, AUC = 12.82 ± 3.99 μg h/mL, MRT = 18.24 ± 5.95 h). In vitro cytotoxicity studies of TAM, RES, and their combination (TAM-RES) were evaluated with MCF7 cells. The combination showed significantly lower IC50 compared to TAM with increasing ratio of RES which is a result of apoptosis. HME-based simultaneous extrusion of TAM and RES formulation provides a suitable formulation strategy for breast cancer treatment and establishes proof of concept for extruding multiple drugs simultaneously for other applications in future.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Calorimetry, Differential Scanning/methods
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods
- Drug Development/methods
- Drug Synergism
- Hot Temperature
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Resveratrol/administration & dosage
- Resveratrol/chemistry
- Resveratrol/metabolism
- Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods
- Tamoxifen/administration & dosage
- Tamoxifen/chemistry
- Tamoxifen/metabolism
- X-Ray Diffraction/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Chowdhury
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307, USA
| | - Imran Vhora
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307, USA
| | - Ketan Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Arvind Bagde
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307, USA
| | - Shallu Kutlehria
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307, USA.
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Ko JH, Sethi G, Um JY, Shanmugam MK, Arfuso F, Kumar AP, Bishayee A, Ahn KS. The Role of Resveratrol in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122589. [PMID: 29194365 PMCID: PMC5751192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural product compounds have recently attracted significant attention from the scientific community for their potent effects against inflammation-driven diseases, including cancer. A significant amount of research, including preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies, has indicated that dietary consumption of polyphenols, found at high levels in cereals, pulses, vegetables, and fruits, may prevent the evolution of an array of diseases, including cancer. Cancer development is a carefully orchestrated progression where normal cells acquires mutations in their genetic makeup, which cause the cells to continuously grow, colonize, and metastasize to other organs such as the liver, lungs, colon, and brain. Compounds that modulate these oncogenic processes can be considered as potential anti-cancer agents that may ultimately make it to clinical application. Resveratrol, a natural stilbene and a non-flavonoid polyphenol, is a phytoestrogen that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. It has been reported that resveratrol can reverse multidrug resistance in cancer cells, and, when used in combination with clinically used drugs, it can sensitize cancer cells to standard chemotherapeutic agents. Several novel analogs of resveratrol have been developed with improved anti-cancer activity, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profile. The current focus of this review is resveratrol’s in vivo and in vitro effects in a variety of cancers, and intracellular molecular targets modulated by this polyphenol. This is also accompanied by a comprehensive update of the various clinical trials that have demonstrated it to be a promising therapeutic and chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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11
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Kong F, Zhang R, Zhao X, Zheng G, Wang Z, Wang P. Resveratrol raises in vitro anticancer effects of paclitaxel in NSCLC cell line A549 through COX-2 expression. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:465-474. [PMID: 28883751 PMCID: PMC5587597 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.5.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the raising anticancer effects of resveratrol (Res) on paclitaxel (PA) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549. The 10 µg/ml of Res had no effect on human fetal lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells or on A549 cancer cells and the 5 or 10 µg/ml of PA also had no effect on MRC-5 normal cells. PA-L (5 µg/ml) and PA-H (10 µg/ml) had the growth inhibitory effects in NSCLC cell line A549, and Res increased these growth inhibitory effects. By flow cytometry experiment, after Res (5 µg/ml)+PA-H (10 µg/ml) treatment, the A549 cells showed the most apoptosic cells compared to other group treatments, and after additional treatment with Res, the apoptosic cells of both two PA concentrations were raised. Res+PA could reduce the mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2, and Res+PA could reduce the COX-2 related genes of VEGF, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, NF-κB, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, procollagen I, collagen I, collagen III and CTGF, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS and raise the TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, IκB-α, p53, p21, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bax genes compared to the control cells and the PA treated cells. From these results, it can be suggested that Res could raise the anticancer effects of PA in A549 cells, thus Res might be used as a good sensitizing agent for PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhua Kong
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Runqi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Guanlin Zheng
- Taian Vocational College of Nursing, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
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12
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Chyu KY, Dimayuga PC, Zhao X, Nilsson J, Shah PK, Cercek B. Altered AP-1/Ref-1 redox pathway and reduced proliferative response in iNOS-deficient vascular smooth muscle cells. Vasc Med 2016; 9:177-83. [PMID: 15675181 DOI: 10.1191/1358863x04vm545oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that injury-induced medial vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and neointima formation in carotid arteries of inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS KO) mice were significantly reduced compared with wild type (WT). However, the molecular pathway underlying such differences is not known. In this in vitro study, we discovered that the AP-1/Ref-1/thioredoxin signaling pathway is altered in aortic VSMC from iNOS KO mice, which leads to reduced growth response when compared with aortic VSMC from WT mice. After equal initial seeding, the cell number after 7 days in serum medium was less in iNOS KO cells compared with WT VSMC (1.2-0.6-105 vs 3.2-1.1-105; p < 0.05). Significantly more iNOS KO cells remained in the G0/G1 phase compared with WT cells after 24-h serum treatment (82.6-13.7% vs 62.3-14.6%; p < 0.05) by cell-cycle analysis. Nuclear PCNA expression was also less in the iNOS KO cells, which was not affected by exogenous NO or superoxide. Superoxide generation after 24-h serum stimulation was less in the iNOS KO cells compared with WT cells. After 30-min serum stimulation, AP-1 DNA binding was reduced and a lack of increase in nuclear c-Jun protein was observed in iNOS KO VSMC. RT-PCR analysis confirmed a lack of inducible c-Jun mRNA after serum stimulation in the KO cells. In addition, KO cells had less nuclear reducing factor-1 (Ref-1) and serum-inducible thioredoxin protein expression. Reduced proliferative response of iNOS KO VSMC to serum treatment is associated with altered AP-1/Ref-1/thioredoxin pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yuh Chyu
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Siffai Medical Center/David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Polyphenols are a widely used class of compounds in dermatology. While phenol itself, the most basic member of the phenol family, is chemically synthesized, most polyphenolic compounds are found in plants and form part of their defense mechanism against decomposition. Polyphenolic compounds, which include phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans, play an integral role in preventing the attack on plants by bacteria and fungi, as well as serving as cross-links in plant polymers. There is also mounting evidence that polyphenolic compounds play an important role in human health as well. One of the most important benefits, which puts them in the spotlight of current studies, is their antitumor profile. Some of these polyphenolic compounds have already presented promising results in either in vitro or in vivo studies for non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma. These compounds act on several biomolecular pathways including cell division cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis. Indeed, such natural compounds may be of potential for both preventive and therapeutic fields of cancer. This review evaluates the existing scientific literature in order to provide support for new research opportunities using polyphenolic compounds in oncodermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Costa
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winship Cancer Institute, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael Yi Bonner
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winship Cancer Institute, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winship Cancer Institute, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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14
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Dong C, Virtucio C, Zemska O, Baltazar G, Zhou Y, Baia D, Jones-Iatauro S, Sexton H, Martin S, Dee J, Mak Y, Meewan M, Rock F, Akama T, Jarnagin K. Treatment of Skin Inflammation with Benzoxaborole Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Selectivity, Cellular Activity, and Effect on Cytokines Associated with Skin Inflammation and Skin Architecture Changes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:413-22. [PMID: 27353073 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.232819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are skin diseases affecting millions of patients. Here, we characterize benzoxaborole phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 inhibitors, a new topical class that has demonstrated therapeutic benefit for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis in phase 2 or phase 3 studies. Crisaborole [AN2728, 4-((1-hydroxy-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-5-yl)oxy)benzonitrile], compd2 [2-ethoxy-6-((1-hydroxy-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-5-yl)oxy)nicotinonitrile], compd3 [6-((1-hydroxy-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-5-yl)oxy)-2-(2-isopropoxyethoxy)nicotinonitrile], and compd4 [5-chloro-6-((1-hydroxy-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-5-yl)oxy)-2-((4-oxopentyl)oxy)nicotinonitrile] are potent PDE4 inhibitors with similar affinity for PDE4 isoforms and equivalent inhibition on the catalytic domain and the full-length enzyme. These benzoxaboroles are less active on other PDE isozymes. Compd4 binds to the catalytic domain of PDE4B2 with the oxaborole group chelating the catalytic bimetal and overlapping with the phosphate in cAMP during substrate hydrolysis, and the interaction extends into the adenine pocket. In cell culture, benzoxaborole PDE4 inhibitors suppress the release of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-23, IL-17, interferon-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-22, and these cytokines contribute to the pathologic changes in skin structure and barrier functions as well as immune dysregulation in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Treatment with compd3 or N(6),2'-O-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate increases cAMP response element binding protein phosphorylation in human monocytes and decreases extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in human T cells; these changes lead to reduced cytokine production and are among the mechanisms by which compd3 blocks cytokine release. Topical compd3 penetrates the skin and suppresses phorbol myristate acetate-induced IL-13, IL-22, IL-17F, and IL-23 transcription and calcipotriol-induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in mouse skin. Skin thinning is a major dose-limiting side effect of glucocorticoids. By contrast, repeated application of compd3 did not thin mouse skin. These findings show the potential benefits and safety of benzoxaborole PDE4 inhibitors for the treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Olga Zemska
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Yasheen Zhou
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California
| | - Diogo Baia
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Holly Sexton
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Joshua Dee
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California
| | - Yvonne Mak
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California
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15
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Park EJ, Pezzuto JM. The pharmacology of resveratrol in animals and humans. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1071-113. [PMID: 25652123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In addition to thousands of research papers related to resveratrol (RSV), approximately 300 review articles have been published. Earlier research tended to focus on pharmacological activities of RSV related to cardiovascular systems, inflammation, and carcinogenesis/cancer development. More recently, the horizon has been broadened by exploring the potential effect of RSV on the aging process, diabetes, neurological dysfunction, etc. Herein, we primarily focus on the in vivo pharmacological effects of RSV reported over the past 5 years (2009-2014). In addition, recent clinical intervention studies performed with resveratrol are summarized. Some discrepancies exist between in vivo studies with animals and clinical studies, or between clinical studies, which are likely due to disparate doses of RSV, experimental settings, and subject variation. Nevertheless, many positive indications have been reported with mammals, so it is reasonable to advocate for the conduct of more definitive clinical studies. Since the safety profile is pristine, an added advantage is the use of RSV as a dietary supplement. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Resveratrol: Challenges in translating pre-clinical findings to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - John M Pezzuto
- The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
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16
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Cho KS, Lee EJ, Kwon KJ, Gonzales ELT, Kim YB, Cheong JH, Bahn GH, Lee J, Han SH, Kim YT, Shin CY. Resveratrol down-regulates a glutamate-induced tissue plasminogen activator via Erk and AMPK/mTOR pathways in rat primary cortical neurons. Food Funct 2014; 5:951-60. [PMID: 24599349 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60397k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, RSV) is a polyphenolic compound present in a variety of plant species (including grapes) that produces a myriad of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we investigate the effects of resveratrol on the basal and glutamate-stimulated expression and activity of a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) that plays neuromodulatory or neurotoxic roles in many different neurological situations. Under basal conditions, resveratrol decreased the tPA expression and activity without affecting the tPA mRNA level in rat primary cortical neurons. RSV induced AMPK phosphorylation and inhibited mTOR phosphorylation. Inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation using compound C prevented resveratrol-induced down-regulation of tPA activity. This suggested that AMPK/mTOR-dependent translational inhibition contributes to the down-regulation of the tPA. Under glutamate-stimulated conditions of rat primary cortical neurons, tPA activity and expression were increased along with increased tPA mRNA expression but afterward treatment of RSV inhibited the glutamate-induced increase in tPA activity and expression and tPA mRNA expression. Glutamate stimulation induced activation of Akt and MAPK pathways as well as mTOR which were inhibited by RSV. Interestingly, the Erk pathway inhibitor U0126, but neither PI3K-Akt inhibitor LY294002 nor p38 inhibitor SB203580, mimicked the inhibitory action of RSV on glutamate-induced tPA up-regulation. This suggested the essential role of Erk in the transcriptional up-regulation of tPA expression, which is targeted by RSV. Glutamate stimulation induced neuronal cell death as determined by PI staining and MTT assay. However, RSV protected the cultured rat primary cortical neurons from glutamate-induced cell death as paralleled with the changes in tPA expression. These results suggested that RSV can modulate tPA activity under basal and stimulated conditions by both translational and transcriptional mechanisms. The regulation of the tPA by RSV provides additional therapeutic targets on top of the growing number of molecular substrates of RSV's action in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Suk Cho
- Department of Neuroscience and Institute of Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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17
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Bollmann F, Art J, Henke J, Schrick K, Besche V, Bros M, Li H, Siuda D, Handler N, Bauer F, Erker T, Behnke F, Mönch B, Härdle L, Hoffmann M, Chen CY, Förstermann U, Dirsch VM, Werz O, Kleinert H, Pautz A. Resveratrol post-transcriptionally regulates pro-inflammatory gene expression via regulation of KSRP RNA binding activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:12555-69. [PMID: 25352548 PMCID: PMC4227754 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol shows beneficial effects in inflammation-based diseases like cancer, cardiovascular and chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory resveratrol effects deserve more attention. In human epithelial DLD-1 and monocytic Mono Mac 6 cells resveratrol decreased the expression of iNOS, IL-8 and TNF-α by reducing mRNA stability without inhibition of the promoter activity. Shown by pharmacological and siRNA-mediated inhibition, the observed effects are SIRT1-independent. Target-fishing and drug responsive target stability experiments showed selective binding of resveratrol to the RNA-binding protein KSRP, a central post-transcriptional regulator of pro-inflammatory gene expression. Knockdown of KSRP expression prevented resveratrol-induced mRNA destabilization in human and murine cells. Resveratrol did not change KSRP expression, but immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that resveratrol reduces the p38 MAPK-related inhibitory KSRP threonine phosphorylation, without blocking p38 MAPK activation or activity. Mutation of the p38 MAPK target site in KSRP blocked the resveratrol effect on pro-inflammatory gene expression. In addition, resveratrol incubation enhanced KSRP-exosome interaction, which is important for mRNA degradation. Finally, resveratrol incubation enhanced its intra-cellular binding to the IL-8, iNOS and TNF-α mRNA. Therefore, modulation of KSRP mRNA binding activity and, thereby, enhancement of mRNA degradation seems to be the common denominator of many anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Bollmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Art
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenny Henke
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Schrick
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena Besche
- Department of Dermatology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany Core Facility Lentiviral Transduction Service, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany Core Facility Lentiviral Transduction Service, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Siuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Handler
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Erker
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Behnke
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Bettina Mönch
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lorena Härdle
- Institute of Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Förstermann
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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18
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Doi K, Uetsuka K. Mechanisms of Mycotoxin-induced Dermal Toxicity and Tumorigenesis Through Oxidative Stress-related Pathways. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 27:1-10. [PMID: 24791061 PMCID: PMC4000067 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2013-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many mycotoxins, T-2 toxin, citrinin (CTN), patulin (PAT), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are known to have the potential to induce dermal toxicity and/or tumorigenesis in rodent models. T-2 toxin, CTN, PAT and OTA induce apoptosis in mouse or rat skin. PAT, AFB1 and OTA have tumor initiating properties, and OTA is also a tumor promoter in mouse skin. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms of dermal toxicity and tumorigenesis induced in rodent models by these mycotoxins especially from the viewpoint of oxidative stress-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Doi
- Bozo Research Center Inc., 8 Ohkubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan ; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koji Uetsuka
- Animal Health Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
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19
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Vasantha Rupasinghe H, Nair SV, Robinson RA. Chemopreventive Properties of Fruit Phenolic Compounds and Their Possible Mode of Actions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63281-4.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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20
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Chen T, Xiao J, Zhou Y, Yin S, Han LB. Nickel-catalyzed (E)-selective semihydrogenation of internal alkynes with hypophosphorous acid. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Samoylenko A, Hossain JA, Mennerich D, Kellokumpu S, Hiltunen JK, Kietzmann T. Nutritional countermeasures targeting reactive oxygen species in cancer: from mechanisms to biomarkers and clinical evidence. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:2157-96. [PMID: 23458328 PMCID: PMC3869543 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert various biological effects and contribute to signaling events during physiological and pathological processes. Enhanced levels of ROS are highly associated with different tumors, a Western lifestyle, and a nutritional regime. The supplementation of food with traditional antioxidants was shown to be protective against cancer in a number of studies both in vitro and in vivo. However, recent large-scale human trials in well-nourished populations did not confirm the beneficial role of antioxidants in cancer, whereas there is a well-established connection between longevity of several human populations and increased amount of antioxidants in their diets. Although our knowledge about ROS generators, ROS scavengers, and ROS signaling has improved, the knowledge about the direct link between nutrition, ROS levels, and cancer is limited. These limitations are partly due to lack of standardized reliable ROS measurement methods, easily usable biomarkers, knowledge of ROS action in cellular compartments, and individual genetic predispositions. The current review summarizes ROS formation due to nutrition with respect to macronutrients and antioxidant micronutrients in the context of cancer and discusses signaling mechanisms, used biomarkers, and its limitations along with large-scale human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Samoylenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jubayer Al Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Daniela Mennerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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A review on the role of nutraceuticals as simple as se(2+) to complex organic molecules such as glycyrrhizin that prevent as well as cure diseases. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 29:119-32. [PMID: 24757291 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are nutritional medicines which are present in edible food items. Most of them are antioxidants with various other biological properties viz, anti inflammatory, anti atherogenic, anticancer, anti viral, anti aging properties etc. They are as simple as minerals like Se(2+) to complex organic molecules such as glycyrrhizin (Ca(2+), K(+) salts of glycyrrhizic acid). They can prevent as well as cure various diseases. Most of the medical people are not aware of the importance of the nutraceuticals as such matters are not part of their text books. Many still think that vitamins are the major nutritional medicines. Actually other dietary principles like terpenes, carotenes, phytosterols, polyphenols, flavanoids, di and poly sulphides, their sulfoxides and their precursor amino acids are necessary to scavenge free radicals in the body which are reactive oxygen species to protect and maintain the vitamin levels in the body. They down regulate the activities of those enzymes which are increased in diseases and they increase those that remove oxidants and detoxify carcinogens. They are immune boosters too. Recently glucosinolates, non toxic alkaloids, certain proteins and even fiber are included in the list of nutraceuticals.
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23
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Chen S, Xiong G, Wu S, Mo J. Downregulation of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 enhances the sensitivity of human pancreatic cancer cells to radiotherapy in vitro. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 28:169-76. [PMID: 23268706 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Background: Radiotherapy is an important treatment for the patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Emerging studies determined apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) might associate with the resistance of human pancreatic cancer cells to radiotherapy. AIMS To investigate whether downregulation of APE1/Ref-1 expression by ribonucleic acid interference would increase the sensitivity of chromic-P32 phosphate to pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS The plasmids containing APE-specific and unspecific short hairpin were transfected into Patu-8898 cells. Stable cell clones were selected by G418. The mRNA expression of APE1/Ref-1 was detected by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the protein expression of APE1/Ref-1 was detected by Western blot analysis; cell proliferation was studied by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assay; apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS After 24 hours irradiation, APE1/Ref-1 mRNA and protein expression were upregulated, in a concentration-dependent manner. Suppression of APE1/Ref-1 by siRNA increased the pancreatic cancer cells hypersensitive to (32)P-CP. In the combination of (32)P-CP and siRNA group, MTT assay showed that the cell inhibition increased to (74.33%±9.02%), the surviving fraction in the colony formation assay was only 25.00%, and the apoptosis rate was up to (16.77%±0.98%). CONCLUSIONS Knockdown APE1/Ref-1 gene expression may significantly sensitize the Patu-8988 cells to radiotherapy, which may be a useful target for modifying radiation resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
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24
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Mendes DAGB, Horinouchi CDDS, Prudente ADS, Soley BDS, Assreuy J, Otuki MF, Cabrini DA. In vivo participation of nitric oxide in hyperproliferative epidermal phenomena in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 687:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Bashmakov YK, Assaad-Khalil S, Petyaev IM. Resveratrol may be beneficial in treatment of diabetic foot syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:364-7. [PMID: 21689891 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is a late-stage complication of type 2 diabetes which originates from interplay among impaired tissue regeneration, vasculopathy, neuropathy and inflammation all on the background of insulin resistance. Despite astonishing mortality rate pharmacological approach in management of diabetic ulceration is almost non-existent. Foot pressure relief, wound debridement and infection control remain widely accepted options in the treatment of DFS. We hypothesize that resveratrol treatment and subsequent activation of SIRT1 pathway might be highly beneficial for patients with DFS. This prediction is based on multiple lines of evidence implicating resveratrol and sirtuins in restoration of insulin sensitivity, microcirculation, tissue regeneration, function of peripheral nerves and production of cytokines. Stabilized "nutraceutical" formulations of resveratrol with high absorption rate are essential to examine its potential medical benefits since dietary polyphenols are known to be rapidly metabolized by gut microflora and oxidized during absorption. Clinical trials with nutraceutical formulations and placebo are required to understand if resveratrol indeed holds the promise for treatment of DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy K Bashmakov
- Lycotec Ltd., Granta Park Campus, Cambridge, CB21 6GP, United Kingdom.
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26
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Abstract
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring stilbene with desirable cardioprotective and anti-cancer properties. We have demonstrated the existence of a plasma membrane receptor for resveratrol near the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) recognition site on integrin α(v)β₃ that is involved in stilbene-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. Resveratrol treatment in vitro causes activation and nuclear translocation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2), consequent phosphorylation of Ser-15 of p53, and apoptosis. An RGD peptide blocks these actions of resveratrol. By a PD98059-inhibitable process, resveratrol causes inducible COX-2 to accumulate in the nucleus where it complexes with pERK1/2 and p53. Chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals binding of nuclear COX-2 to promoters of certain p53-responsive genes, including PIG3 and Bax. NS-398, a specific pharmacologic inhibitor of COX-2, prevents resveratrol-induced complexing of nuclear ERK1/2 with COX-2 and with pSer-15-p53 and subsequent apoptosis; cyclooxygenase enzyme activity is not involved. Molecular steps in the pro-apoptotic action of resveratrol in cancer cells include induction of intranuclear COX-2 accumulation relevant to activation of p53. Epidermal growth factor, estrogen, and thyroid hormone act downstream of ERK1/2 to prevent resveratrol-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yun Lin
- Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York 12208, USA.
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Kovacic P, Somanathan R. Multifaceted approach to resveratrol bioactivity: Focus on antioxidant action, cell signaling and safety. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2010; 3:86-100. [PMID: 20716933 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.3.2.11147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RVT) is a naturally occurring trihydroxy stilbene that displays a wide spectrum of physiological activity. Its ability to behave therapeutically as a component of red wine has attracted wide attention. The phenol acts as a protective agent involving various body constituents. Most attention has been given to beneficial effects in insults involving cancer, aging, cardiovascular system, inflammation and the central nervous system. One of the principal modes of action appears to be as antioxidant. Other mechanistic pathways entail cell signaling, apoptosis and gene expression. There is an intriguing dichotomy in relation to pro-oxidant property. Also discussed are metabolism, receptor binding, rationale for safety and suggestions for future work. This is the first comprehensive review of RVT based on a broad, unifying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kovacic
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Leonarduzzi G, Sottero B, Poli G. Targeting tissue oxidative damage by means of cell signaling modulators: The antioxidant concept revisited. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:336-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kubota S, Kurihara T, Ebinuma M, Kubota M, Yuki K, Sasaki M, Noda K, Ozawa Y, Oike Y, Ishida S, Tsubota K. Resveratrol prevents light-induced retinal degeneration via suppressing activator protein-1 activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:1725-31. [PMID: 20709795 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Light damage to the retina accelerates retinal degeneration in human diseases and rodent models. Recently, the polyphenolic phytoalexin resveratrol has been shown to exert various bioactivities in addition to its classical antioxidant property. In the present study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on light-induced retinal degeneration together with its underlying molecular mechanisms. BALB/c mice with light exposure (5000-lux white light for 3 hours) were orally pretreated with resveratrol at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 5 days. Retinal damage was evaluated by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling, outer nuclear layer morphometry, and electroretinography. Administration of resveratrol to mice with light exposure led to a significant suppression of light-induced pathological parameters, including TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive retinal cells, outer nuclear layer thinning, and electroretinography changes. To clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms, the nuclear translocation of activator protein-1 subunit c-fos was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the retinal activity of sirtuin 1 was measured by deacetylase fluorometric assay. Retinal activator protein-1 activation, up-regulated following light exposure, was significantly reduced by application of resveratrol. In parallel, retinal sirtuin 1 activity, reduced in animals with light damage, was significantly augmented by resveratrol treatment. Our data suggest the potential use of resveratrol as a therapeutic agent to prevent retinal degeneration related to light damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kubota
- Laboratories of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Burdette A, Garner PL, Mayer EP, Hargrove JL, Hartle DK, Greenspan P. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Select Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Brans. J Med Food 2010; 13:879-87. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Burdette
- Nutraceutical Research Laboratories, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Pamela L. Garner
- Nutraceutical Research Laboratories, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Eugene P. Mayer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina College of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - James L. Hargrove
- Nutraceutical Research Laboratories, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Diane K. Hartle
- Nutraceutical Research Laboratories, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Phillip Greenspan
- Nutraceutical Research Laboratories, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Skin tumor promotion by argemone oil/alkaloid in mice: Evidence for enhanced cell proliferation, ornithine decarboxylase, cyclooxygenase-2 and activation of MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:132-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The polyphenolic phytoalexin resveratrol (RSV) and its analogues have received tremendous attention over the past couple of decades because of a number of reports highlighting their benefits in vitro and in vivo in a variety of human disease models, including cardio- and neuroprotection, immune regulation, and cancer chemoprevention. These studies have underscored the high degree of diversity in terms of the signaling networks and cellular effector mechanisms that are affected by RSV. The activity of RSV has been linked to cell-surface receptors, membrane signaling pathways, intracellular signal-transduction machinery, nuclear receptors, gene transcription, and metabolic pathways. The promise shown by RSV has prompted heightened interest in studies aimed at translating these observations to clinical settings. In this review, we present a comprehensive account of the basic chemistry of RSV, its bioavailability, and its multiple intracellular target proteins and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore.
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Kraft TE, Parisotto D, Schempp C, Efferth T. Fighting Cancer with Red Wine? Molecular Mechanisms of Resveratrol. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009; 49:782-99. [DOI: 10.1080/10408390802248627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Athar M, Back JH, Kopelovich L, Bickers DR, Kim AL. Multiple molecular targets of resveratrol: Anti-carcinogenic mechanisms. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 486:95-102. [PMID: 19514131 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, such as the stilbene resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), have been identified as potent anti-cancer agents. Extensive in vitro studies revealed multiple intracellular targets of resveratrol, which affect cell growth, inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion and metastasis. These include tumor suppressors p53 and Rb; cell cycle regulators, cyclins, CDKs, p21WAF1, p27KIP and INK and the checkpoint kinases ATM/ATR; transcription factors NF-kappaB, AP-1, c-Jun, and c-Fos; angiogenic and metastatic factors, VEGF and matrix metalloprotease 2/9; cyclooxygenases for inflammation; and apoptotic and survival regulators, Bax, Bak, PUMA, Noxa, TRAIL, APAF, survivin, Akt, Bcl2 and Bcl-X(L). In addition to its well-documented anti-oxidant properties, there is increasing evidence that resveratrol exhibits pro-oxidant activity under certain experimental conditions, causing oxidative DNA damage that may lead to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. This review summarizes in vitro mechanistic data available for resveratrol and discusses new potential anti-cancer targets and the antiproliferative mechanisms of resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Athar
- Departments of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, Irving Cancer Research Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Bishayee A. Cancer prevention and treatment with resveratrol: from rodent studies to clinical trials. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009; 2:409-18. [PMID: 19401532 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-08-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a dietary polyphenol derived from grapes, berries, peanuts, and other plant sources. During the last decade, resveratrol has been shown to possess a fascinating spectrum of pharmacologic properties. Multiple biochemical and molecular actions seem to contribute to resveratrol effects against precancerous or cancer cells. Resveratrol affects all three discrete stages of carcinogenesis (initiation, promotion, and progression) by modulating signal transduction pathways that control cell division and growth, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The anticancer property of resveratrol has been supported by its ability to inhibit proliferation of a wide variety of human tumor cells in vitro. These in vitro data have led to numerous preclinical animal studies to evaluate the potential of this drug for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. This review provides concise, comprehensive data from preclinical in vivo studies in various rodent models of human cancers, highlighting the related mechanisms of action. Bioavailability, pharmacokinetic, and potential toxicity studies of resveratrol in humans and ongoing interventional clinical trials are also presented. The conclusion describes directions for future resveratrol research to establish its activity and utility as a human cancer preventive and therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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Deck LM, Hunsaker LA, Gonzales AM, Orlando RA, Vander Jagt DL. Substituted trans-stilbenes can inhibit or enhance the TPA-induced up-regulation of activator protein-1. BMC Pharmacol 2008; 8:19. [PMID: 19000313 PMCID: PMC2632638 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-8-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The activator protein-1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors contributes to regulation of numerous genes involved in proliferation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. A wide array of stimuli can activate AP-1, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, tumor promoters and stress. Numerous plant polyphenols have been shown to inhibit the activation of AP-1, which often is ascribed to the anti-oxidant properties of these natural products. Methods In the present study, a library of substituted trans-stilbenes, including polyphenols, was screened for activity against the TPA-induced activation of AP-1 using the Panomics AP-1 Reporter 293 Stable Cell Line, which is designed for screening potential inhibitors or activators. Results Several trans-stilbenes were identified that inhibit TPA-induced activation of AP-1, with IC50 values as low as 0.5 μM. Moreover, some other trans-stilbenes were able to enhance the effects of TPA 2 to 3-fold. Many of the trans-stilbenes identified as inhibitors or enhancers are devoid of anti-oxidant properties. Conclusion The ability of trans-stilbenes to inhibit or enhance the effects of TPA does not depend upon their anti-oxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine M Deck
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Esna-Ashari M, Gholami M, Zolfigol MA, Shiri M, Mahmoodi-Pour A, Hesari M. Analysis of trans-Resveratrol in Iranian Grape Cultivars by LC. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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EPR studies on the superoxide-scavenging capacity of the nutraceutical resveratrol. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 313:187-94. [PMID: 18409032 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), a polyphenolic compound found in mulberries, grapes, and red wine, has received considerable attention because of its apparent protective effects against various degenerative diseases due to its potential antioxidant activities. However, direct evidence for the superoxide-scavenging capacity of resveratrol is lacking in literature. In this study, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methylpyrroline-N-oxide (DEPMPO)-spin trapping technique was utilized to determine the ability of resveratrol in scavenging superoxide anions generated from both potassium superoxide and the xanthine oxidase/xanthine system. We have demonstrated here for the first time that the presence of resveratrol resulted in decreased formation of DEPMPO-superoxide adduct (DEPMPO-OOH) in both the potassium superoxide and xanthine oxidase/xanthine systems, indicating that resveratrol could directly scavenge superoxide anions. The inhibition of DEPMPO-OOH in the xanthine oxidase/xanthine system, however, was found to be much potent as compared to that observed in potassium superoxide system. It was further shown that resveratrol could also directly inhibit xanthine oxidase activity as assessed by oxygen consumption and formation of uric acid. Taken together, the dual role of resveratrol in directly scavenging superoxide and inhibiting its generation via xanthine oxidase reported in this study may explain, at least in part, the protective role of this compound against oxidative injury in various disease processes.
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Song HY, Lee JA, Ju SM, Yoo KY, Won MH, Kwon HJ, Eum WS, Jang SH, Choi SY, Park J. Topical transduction of superoxide dismutase mediated by HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain ameliorates 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:1348-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hung CF, Lin YK, Huang ZR, Fang JY. Delivery of Resveratrol, a Red Wine Polyphenol, from Solutions and Hydrogels via the Skin. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:955-62. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yin-Ku Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Zih-Rou Huang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University
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Saiko P, Szakmary A, Jaeger W, Szekeres T. Resveratrol and its analogs: defense against cancer, coronary disease and neurodegenerative maladies or just a fad? Mutat Res 2007; 658:68-94. [PMID: 17890139 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene; RV), a dietary constituent found in grapes and wine, exerts a wide variety of pharmacological activities. Because the grape skins are not fermented in the production process of white wines, only red wines contain considerable amounts of this compound. RV is metabolized into sulfated and glucuronidated forms within approximately 15min of entering the bloodstream, and moderate consumption of red wine results in serum levels of RV that barely reach the micromolar concentrations. In contrast, its metabolites, which may be the active principle, circulate in serum for up to 9h. RV has been identified as an effective candidate for cancer chemoprevention due its ability to block each step in the carcinogenesis process by inhibiting several molecular targets such as kinases, cyclooxygenases, ribonucleotide reductase, and DNA polymerases. In addition, RV protects the cardiovascular system by a large number of mechanisms, including defense against ischemic-reperfusion injury, promotion of vasorelaxation, protection and maintenance of intact endothelium, anti-atherosclerotic properties, inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and suppression of platelet aggregation, thereby strongly supporting its role in the prevention of coronary disease. Promising data within the use of RV have also been obtained regarding progressive neurodegenerative maladies such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases. Because neurotoxicity is often related to mitochondrial dysfunction and may be ameliorated through the inclusion of metabolic modifiers and/or antioxidants, RV may provide an alternative (and early) intervention approach that could prevent further damage. RV induces a multitude of effects that depend on the cell type (e.g., NF-kappaB modulation in cancer cells vs. neural cells), cellular condition (normal, stressed, or malignant), and concentration (proliferative vs. growth arrest), and it can have opposing activities. RV affects whole pathways and sets of intracellular events rather than a single enzyme and, therefore, may be an effective therapy to restore homoestasis. Nonetheless, the question of whether RV or its metabolites can accumulate to bioactive levels in target organs remains to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Saiko
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Akos Szakmary
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Jaeger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Szekeres
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Kim HP. Molecular Events on Experimental Skin Inflammation and Modulation by Topical Anti-inflammatory Flavonoids. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2007. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2007.15.1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Szkudelski T. Resveratrol inhibits insulin secretion from rat pancreatic islets. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 552:176-81. [PMID: 17069794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring phytoalexin exerting cardioprotective, anticancer and antioxidant action. The most recent investigations have demonstrated that this compound plays a beneficial role alleviating some diabetic complications. However, resveratrols' influence on the endocrine function of the pancreas is unknown. The objective of the present study was to determine whether resveratrol affects insulin secretion from freshly isolated rat pancreatic islets. Incubations of pancreatic islets with resveratrol (1-100 microM, 90 min) revealed that the release of insulin induced by 6.6 and 16.6 mM glucose was substantially restricted by this compound in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was not permanent and disappeared after resveratrol withdrawal from the buffer. However, the proper hormone secretion was not restored when glucose was replaced by other secretagogues - leucine with glutamine - indicating that disturbances other than the inhibition of glucose transport and glycolysis were responsible for the resveratrol-evoked reduction in insulin secretion. Glucose-induced insulin release tested in the presence of the sulfonylurea glibenclamide was also found to be reduced by resveratrol. Moreover, the activation of adenylyl cyclase by forskolin did not restrict the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on glucose-induced insulin release. In contrast, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), an activator of protein kinase C, suppressed completely the inhibitory effect of 1 and 10 microM resveratrol on insulin release. However, this compound at the highest concentration tested diminished its secretion even in the presence of PMA. The perifusion studies revealed that the depression of insulin release caused by resveratrol began a few minutes after its addition to the medium. Results obtained in the present investigations demonstrate that resveratrol is a compound exerting a clear-cut, but reversible inhibitory effect on insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Szkudelski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, August Cieszkowski University of Agriculture, 60-637 Wolynska 35, Poznan, Poland.
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Kundu JK, Shin YK, Surh YJ. Resveratrol modulates phorbol ester-induced pro-inflammatory signal transduction pathways in mouse skin in vivo: NF-kappaB and AP-1 as prime targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 72:1506-15. [PMID: 16999939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional abnormalities of intracellular signaling network cause the disruption in homeostasis maintained by critical cellular components, thereby accelerating premalignant and malignant transformation. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that an elevated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is causally linked to tumorigenesis. The exposure to oxidative/pro-inflammatory stimuli turns on signaling arrays mediated by diverse classes of kinases and transcription factors, which may lead to aberrant expression of COX-2. We have attempted to unravel the signal transduction pathways involved in elevated COX-2 expression in mouse skin stimulated with a prototype tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and its modulation by resveratrol, a phytoalexin known to exert potential chemopreventive effects. Our study revealed that topical application of TPA induced COX-2 expression in mouse skin via activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), which is regulated by upstream IkappaB kinase (IKK) or differentially by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. Besides NF-kappaB, the p38 MAP kinase-mediated activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) has also been attributed to TPA-induced COX-2 expression in mouse skin. Among the MAP kinases, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and p38 MAP kinase have been shown to regulate TPA-induced NF-kappaB activation, while p38 MAP kinase and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase are preferentially involved in TPA-induced activation of AP-1 in mouse skin in vivo. This commentary focuses on resveratrol modulation of intracellular signaling pathways involved in aberrant COX-2 expression in TPA-stimulated mouse skin to delineate molecular mechanisms underlying antitumor promoting effects of resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Kumar Kundu
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Shinlim-9-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Sun C, Hu Y, Liu X, Wu T, Wang Y, He W, Wei W. Resveratrol downregulates the constitutional activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in multiple myeloma cells, leading to suppression of proliferation and invasion, arrest of cell cycle, and induction of apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 165:9-19. [PMID: 16490592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol has been proposed to act as a chemopreventive agent in numerous epidemiologic studies and has been shown to inhibit proliferation of various tumor cells in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the antitumor effects of resveratrol on multiple myeloma (MM) cells and the mechanisms involved. Our findings indicated that resveratrol inhibited proliferation of tumor cells in a dose- [corrected] dependent manner by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and [3H]thymidine incorporation assay. Resveratrol also enhanced the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on the growth of MM cells by MTT assay. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that resveratrol arrested the cells at the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle. Because nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) plays a key role in cell survival and proliferation of human MM cells, we tested the effect of resveratrol on NF-kappaB expression by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. NF-kappaB was constitutively active in all human MM cell lines examined, and resveratrol down-regulated NF-kappaB expression in all cell lines. Resveratrol also down-regulated the expression of NF-kappaB-regulated gene products by Western blot analysis, gelatin zymography, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, including interleukin-6, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, XIAP, c-IAP, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which modulates an array of signals controlling cellular survival and proliferation and tumor promotion. Indeed, annexin V-fluoroisothyocyanate and Transwell invasion analyses revealed that incubation of MM cells with resveratrol resulted in apoptotic cell death and inhibition of invasion. In conclusion, these data suggest that resveratrol is an effective in vitro inhibitor of NF-kappaB in human MM cells. Resveratrol plays a role in suppressing the proliferation of MM cells and induces apoptosis, thus providing the molecular basis for the treatment of MM patients with this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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Kaur G, Roberti M, Raul F, Pendurthi UR. Suppression of human monocyte tissue factor induction by red wine phenolics and synthetic derivatives of resveratrol. Thromb Res 2006; 119:247-56. [PMID: 16507316 PMCID: PMC2837478 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2006.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Revised: 01/01/2006] [Accepted: 01/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of cardiovascular disease through nutritional supplements is growing in popularity throughout the world. Multiple epidemiologic studies found that moderate consumption of alcohol, particularly red wine, lowers mortality rates from coronary heart diseases (CHD). Chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis associated with CHD culminate in aberrant intravascular expression of tissue factor (TF), which triggers blood coagulation leading to thrombosis, a major cause for heart attack. We showed earlier that two red wine phenolics, resveratrol and quercetin, suppressed TF induction in endothelial cells. In the present study, we investigated efficacy of seven resveratrol derivatives, which were shown to be effective in regulating cancer cell growth in vitro at much lower concentrations than the parent compound resveratrol, in inhibiting TF induction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We also tested possible synergistic effects of resveratrol and quercetin with the other major red wine phenolics in suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced TF expression in human PBMCs. We found that several resveratrol derivatives were 2- to 10-fold more efficient than resveratrol in inhibiting TF induction. Our study found no evidence for synergism among red wine polyphenolics. These data suggest that structural alterations of resveratrol can be effective in producing potent antithrombotic agents that will have therapeutic potential in the improvement of cardiovascular health and prevention of CHD. Among major red wine phenolics, quercetin appears to be the predominant suppressor of TF induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet Kaur
- Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, 11937 US HWY 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | | | - Francis Raul
- Laboratory of Nutritional Cancer Prevention, ULP EA 3430, IRCAD, Strasbourg, France
| | - Usha R. Pendurthi
- Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, 11937 US HWY 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 903 877 7342; fax: +1 903 877 7426
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Pandey MK, Das M. Assessment of carcinogenic potential of repeated fish fried oil in mice. Mol Carcinog 2006; 45:741-51. [PMID: 16683249 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Our prior studies have shown that single topical treatment of repeated fish fried oil extract (RFFE), containing various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to the dorsal epidermis of mice caused enhancement of DNA damage along with higher expression of p53 and p21WAF1 proteins and cell-cycle arrest. In the present study carcinogenic potential of repeated fish fried oil (RFFO) and RFFE was assessed. Single topical application of RFFO (100 microL/animal) and RFFE (100-500 microg/animal) to Swiss albino female mice resulted in significant induction (1.8- to 7.4-fold) of ornithine decarboxylase activity. Twice weekly topical application of methylcholanthrene (MCA) for 24 wk or single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) or RFFO or RFFE, as initiator followed by twice weekly application of 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol myristate acetate (TPA) as promoter for 24 wk, resulted in development of skin papillomas after 6, 7, 18, and 9 wk, respectively. The cumulative number of tumors in MCA, DMBA/TPA, RFFE (200 microg)/TPA, and RFFE (500 microg)/TPA groups were 276, 168, 34, and 58 after 24 wk while negligible or minimal initiating activity was noticed in RFFO/TPA group. No tumors were found in animals either given twice weekly topical application of RFFO or a single initiating dose of DMBA followed by twice weekly application of RFFO. Histopathology of skin of animals treated with RFFE/TPA showed marked proliferation of epidermal layers along with abnormal mitosis and multinucleated tumor appearance. Skin of animals in groups RFFO/TPA and DMBA/RFFO showed sloughing and regeneration of epidermal layers, oedema along with proliferation of fibroblasts. Histochemical localization of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was found to be substantially higher in skin of mice treated with RFFO/TPA and RFFE/TPA. Animals treated with RFFO/TPA, DMBA/RFFO, and RFFE/TPA resulted in significant induction of cutaneous aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) (421-432%), ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (252-316%), and glutathione S-transferase (133-245%) activities. Animals treated with RFFO/TPA, DMBA/RFFO, and RFFE/TPA led to significant reduction in glutathione content (39-44%) with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation (254-492%). Animals treated with RFFO/TPA and RFFE/TPA led a significant decrease in catalase (43-69%) and superoxide dismutase (20-31%) activities while glutathione reductase activity was found to be diminished (23-51%) in RFFO, RFFO/TPA, DMBA/RFFO, and RFFE/TPA treated groups. These results suggest that RFFE possess skin tumor initiating activity and that it may have weak promoting activity as well, which may involve free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Food Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
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Sengottuvelan M, Viswanathan P, Nalini N. Chemopreventive effect of trans -resveratrol - a phytoalexin against colonic aberrant crypt foci and cell proliferation in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2005; 27:1038-46. [PMID: 16338953 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention of cancer remains a primary need and new chemopreventive agents must be developed for this purpose. Towards this goal, a chemoprevention study was conducted to evaluate the activity of resveratrol (Res), a phytoalexin, as an inhibitor of colon carcinogenesis. Wistar male rats were divided into six groups, group 1 were control rats, group 2 were control rats that received Res (8 mg/kg body wt p.o. everyday), rats in groups 3-6 were treated weekly with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 20 mg/kg body wt, s.c. x 15 times). In addition, groups 4, 5 and 6 received Res as in group 2. Modifying effects were assessed using aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and the extent of histopathological lesions as end point markers. At the end of 30 weeks, Res markedly reduced tumor incidence, the degree of histological lesions and also the size of tumors significantly (P < 0.05) as compared with the rats treated with unsupplemented DMH. The number of ACF consisting of more than six aberrant crypts per rat was observed in group 6 (6.2 +/- 1.4), group 5 (7.7 +/- 1.0) and group 4 (8.2 +/- 1.4) which were significantly lower than that of group 3 (22.3 +/- 2.4) (P < 0.05). The most pronounced inhibition of ACF development was noted in rats fed Res for the entire period and also during the post-initiation period. Also, Res administration lowered the number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region-associated proteins (AgNORs) per nucleus in non-lesional colonic crypts, which reflects the cell proliferation activity. Oxidative imbalance in DMH-treatment was significantly (P < 0.01) modulated on Res supplementation as indicated by optimal concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH). The results of our study suggest Res to be an effective chemopreventive agent, which suppresses DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis at various stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Sengottuvelan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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White AT, Spence FJ, Chipman JK. Glutathione depletion modulates gene expression in HepG2 cells via activation of protein kinase C alpha. Toxicology 2005; 216:168-80. [PMID: 16168553 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2005] [Revised: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Buthionine sulphoximine (BSO; 1mM) resulted in the depletion of glutathione (GSH) in HepG2 cells to 17+/-1.5% within 24h. This was not associated with apoptotic or necrotic cell death over this time period. Use of a human (Phase 1) cDNA custom toxicology-array and a larger scale (>10,000 gene) Affymetrix U95Av2 array identified a total of 48 and 104 genes, respectively, with a statistically significant (and >1.5-fold) change in expression. A total of 64 differentially expressed genes (6 of which were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction) were suggestive of protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Activation of PKC-alpha (but not betaI or delta) was demonstrated at 24 h through activity measurements and through Western blot analysis of membrane-associated PKC-alpha protein. Activation did not occur in the presence of additional gamma-glutamylcysteine to prevent GSH depletion. Activation of PKC-alpha by GSH-depletion may, at least in part, be mediated by thiol oxidation and may contribute to a survival signal. If sustained, the activation may be important in non-genotoxic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela T White
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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