1
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Christopher IL, Liu X, Lloyd HJ, Bull CL, Funnell NP, Portius P, Michalchuk AAL, Kennedy SR, Pulham CR, Morrison CA. Tuning energetic properties through co-crystallisation - a high-pressure experimental and computational study of nitrotriazolone: 4,4'-bipyridine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16859-16870. [PMID: 38832453 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01595a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
We report the preparation of a co-crystal formed between the energetic molecule 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and 4,4'-bipyridine (BIPY), that has been structurally characterised by high-pressure single crystal and neutron powder diffraction data up to 5.93 GPa. No phase transitions or proton transfer were observed up to this pressure. At higher pressures the crystal quality degraded and the X-ray diffraction patterns showed severe twinning, with the appearance of multiple crystalline domains. Computational modelling indicates that the colour changes observed on application of pressure can be attributed to compression of the unit cell that cause heightened band dispersion and band gap narrowing that coincides with a shortening of the BIPY π⋯π stacking distance. Modelling also suggests that the application of pressure induces proton migration along an N-H⋯N intermolecular hydrogen bond. Impact-sensitivity measurements show that the co-crystal is less sensitive to initiation than NTO, whereas computational modelling suggests that the impact sensitivities of NTO and the co-crystal are broadly similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen L Christopher
- EaSTChem School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Xiaojiao Liu
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Hayleigh J Lloyd
- EaSTChem School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Craig L Bull
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Nicholas P Funnell
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Peter Portius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Adam A L Michalchuk
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stuart R Kennedy
- EaSTChem School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Colin R Pulham
- EaSTChem School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Carole A Morrison
- EaSTChem School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
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2
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Miao X, Yang X, Li Y, Pang S. Thermal stability of azole-rich energetic compounds: their structure, density, enthalpy of formation and energetic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37409442 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Energetic compounds, as a type of special material, are widely used in the fields of national defense, aerospace and exploration. Their research and production have received growing attention. Thermal stability is a crucial factor for the safety of energetic materials. Azole-rich energetic compounds have emerged as a research hotspot in recent years owing to their excellent properties. Due to the aromaticity of unsaturated azoles, many azole-rich energetic compounds have significant thermal stability, which is one of the properties that researchers focus on. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the physicochemical and energetic properties of various energetic materials, highlighting the relationship between thermal stability and the structural, physicochemical, and energetic properties of azole-rich energetic compounds. To improve the thermal stability of compounds, five aspects can be considered, including functional group modification, bridging, preparation of energetic salts, energetic metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs) and co-crystals. It was demonstrated that increasing the strength and number of hydrogen bonds of azoles and expanding the π-π stacking area are the key factors to improve thermal stability, which provides a valuable way to develop energetic materials with higher energy and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Miao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xinbo Yang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuchuan Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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3
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Tan B, Yang X, Dou J, Duan B, Lu X, Liu N. Research progress of EMOFs-based burning rate catalysts for solid propellants. Front Chem 2022; 10:1032163. [PMID: 36311438 PMCID: PMC9608550 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1032163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Energetic Metal Organic Frameworks (EMOFs) have been a hotspot of research on solid propellants in recent years. In this paper, research on the application of EMOFs-based burning rate catalysts in solid propellants was reviewed and the development trend of these catalysts was explored. The catalysts analyzed included monometallic organic frameworks-based energetic burning rate catalysts, bimetallic multifunctional energetic burning rate catalysts, carbon-supported EMOFs burning rate catalysts, and catalysts that can be used in conjunction with EMOFs. The review suggest that monometallic organic frameworks-based burning rate catalysts have relatively simple catalytic effects, and adding metal salts can improve their catalytic effect. Bimetallic multifunctional energetic burning rate catalysts have excellent catalytic performance and the potential for broad application. The investigation of carbon-supported EMOFs burning rate catalysts is still at a preliminary stage, but their preparation and application have become a research focus in the burning rate catalyst field. The application of catalysts that can be compounded with EMOFs should be promoted. Finally, environmental protection, high energy and low sensitivity, nanometerization, multifunctional compounding and solvent-free are proposed as key directions of future research. This study aims to provide a reference for the application of energetic organic burning rate catalysts in solid propellants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Tan
- *Correspondence: Bojun Tan, ; Ning Liu,
| | | | | | | | | | - Ning Liu
- *Correspondence: Bojun Tan, ; Ning Liu,
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4
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Three new energetic coordination polymers based on nitrogen-rich heterocyclic ligand for thermal catalysis of ammonium perchlorate. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Dave PN, Thakkar R, Sirach R. Augmented catalytic effect of nano‐bi‐transition metal ferrite NiZnFe
2
O
4
for nano‐nitrotriazolone thermolysis. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pragnesh N. Dave
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Anand Gujarat India
| | - Riddhi Thakkar
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Anand Gujarat India
| | - Ruksana Sirach
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Patel University Anand Gujarat India
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6
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Molina V, Arroyo JL, MacLeod-Carey D, Muñoz-Castro A, Morales-Verdejo C. Catalytic effect of [trans-Cu(μ-OH)(μ-dmpz)]6 on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Escobar MA, Morales‐Verdejo C, Arroyo JL, Dreyse P, González I, Brito I, MacLeod‐Carey D, Moreno da Costa D, Cabrera AR. Burning Rate Performance Study of Ammonium Perchlorate Catalyzed by Heteroleptic Copper(I) Complexes with Pyrazino[2,3‐
f
][1,10]phenanthroline‐Based Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Escobar
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química y de Farmacia Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Vicuña Mackenna 4860 Macul Santiago Chile
| | - Cesar Morales‐Verdejo
- Universidad Bernardo OHiggins Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA) General Gana 1702 Santiago Chile
| | - Juan Luis Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Materiales Energéticos Instituto de Investigaciones y Control del Ejército de Chile, IDIC Av. Pedro Montt 2136 Santiago Chile
| | - Paulina Dreyse
- Departamento de Química Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Av. España 1680 Valparaíso Chile
| | - Iván González
- Laboratorio de Química Aplicada Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Central de Chile Lord Cochrane 418 Santiago Chile
| | - Iván Brito
- Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias Básicas Universidad de Antofagasta Av. Angamos 601 Antofagasta Chile
| | - Desmond MacLeod‐Carey
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile Facultad de Ingeniería Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas Inorganic Chemistry and Molecular Materials Center El Llano Subercaseaux 2801 San Miguel Santiago Chile
| | - David Moreno da Costa
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química y de Farmacia Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Vicuña Mackenna 4860 Macul Santiago Chile
| | - Alan R. Cabrera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química y de Farmacia Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Vicuña Mackenna 4860 Macul Santiago Chile
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8
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Braun V, Wurzenberger MHH, Weippert V, Stierstorfer J. Tailoring the properties of 3d transition metal complexes with different N-cycloalkyl-substituted tetrazoles. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01675j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N-Cycloalkyl-substituted tetrazoles were coordinated with different late 3d transition metal(ii) salts to give moderately sensitive energetic coordination compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | | | - Valentin Weippert
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
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9
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Yang H, Su K, Liu C, Ren X. Energetic N‐nitrooxyethylimidazolium Salts: Synthesis, Structures and Properties. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Yang
- School of Material Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010 Sichuan PR China
| | - Ke Su
- School of Material Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010 Sichuan PR China
| | - Cailin Liu
- School of Material Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010 Sichuan PR China
| | - Xianyan Ren
- School of Material Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010 Sichuan PR China
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10
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Su Q, Wang XJ, Shu QH, Jin SH, Chen SS, Jie-Li L. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of Energetic Complex Magnesium 5,5′-Dinitramino-3,3′-bi[1,2,4-triazolate] Hexahydrate. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
- Research Institute of Gansu Yinguang Chemical Industry Group; Baiyin China
| | - Xiao Jun Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
- Research Institute of Gansu Yinguang Chemical Industry Group; Baiyin China
| | - Qing Hai Shu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Shao Hua Jin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Shu Shen Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Li Jie-Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
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11
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Tang Y, He C, Imler GH, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. Dinitromethyl‐3(5)‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole Derivatives from Controllable Cyclization Strategies. Chemistry 2017; 23:16401-16407. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Tang
- Department of Chemistry University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844-2343 USA
| | - Chunlin He
- Department of Chemistry University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844-2343 USA
| | - Gregory H. Imler
- Naval Research Laboratory 4555 Overlook Avenue Washington D.C. 20375 USA
| | - Damon A. Parrish
- Naval Research Laboratory 4555 Overlook Avenue Washington D.C. 20375 USA
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12
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Yang H, Liu Y, Ning H, Lei J, Hu G. Synthesis, structure and properties of imidazolium-based energetic ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05601j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Energetic ionic liquids bearing a wide liquid temperature range were easily synthesized, which display good thermal stabilities and energetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
| | - Yuejia Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
| | - Hongli Ning
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
| | - Jianlei Lei
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
| | - Gang Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
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13
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Madeira CL, Speet SA, Nieto CA, Abrell L, Chorover J, Sierra-Alvarez R, Field JA. Sequential anaerobic-aerobic biodegradation of emerging insensitive munitions compound 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 167:478-484. [PMID: 27750172 PMCID: PMC5605804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Insensitive munitions, such as 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), are being considered by the U.S. Army as replacements for conventional explosives. Environmental emissions of NTO are expected to increase as its use becomes widespread; but only a few studies have considered the remediation of NTO-contaminated sites. In this study, sequential anaerobic-aerobic biodegradation of NTO was investigated in bioreactors using soil as inoculum. Batch bioassays confirmed microbial reduction of NTO under anaerobic conditions to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (ATO) using pyruvate as electron-donating cosubstrate. However, ATO biodegradation was only observed after the redox condition was switched to aerobic. This study also demonstrated that the high-rate removal of NTO in contaminated water can be attained in a continuous-flow aerated bioreactor. The reactor was first fed ATO as sole energy and nitrogen source prior to NTO addition. After few days, ATO was removed in a sustained fashion by 100%. When NTO was introduced together with electron-donor (pyruvate), NTO degradation increased progressively, reaching a removal efficiency of 93.5%. Mineralization of NTO was evidenced by the partial release of inorganic nitrogen species in the effluent, and lack of ATO accumulation. A plausible hypothesis for these findings is that NTO reduction occurred in anaerobic zones of the biofilm whereas ATO was mineralized in the bulk aerobic zones of the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila L Madeira
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA.
| | - Samuel A Speet
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA
| | - Cristina A Nieto
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA
| | - Leif Abrell
- Department of Soil, Water & Environmental Science, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210038, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038, USA; Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA
| | - Jon Chorover
- Department of Soil, Water & Environmental Science, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210038, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038, USA
| | - Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA
| | - Jim A Field
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA
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14
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Yang GW, Zhang YT, Wu Q, Cao MJ, Wu J, Yue QY, Li QY. Nitrogen-rich 5-(4-pyridyl)tetrazole-2-acetic acid and its alkaline earth metal coordination polymers for potential energetic materials. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Qu XN, Zhang S, Wang BZ, Yang Q, Han J, Wei Q, Xie G, Chen SP. An Ag(i) energetic metal–organic framework assembled with the energetic combination of furazan and tetrazole: synthesis, structure and energetic performance. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:6968-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00218h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel 3D Ag(i) energetic MOF assembled with a furazan derivative (4,4′-oxybis[3,3′-(1H-5-tetrazol)]furazan) shows low sensitivity, good thermostability and ultrahigh detonation pressure and detonation velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ni Qu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Bo-Zhou Wang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an 710069
- PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Jing Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Qing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Gang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - San-Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
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16
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Qu X, Zhang S, Yang Q, Su Z, Wei Q, Xie G, Chen S. Silver(i)-based energetic coordination polymers: synthesis, structure and energy performance. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01623a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two energetic compounds were reported to illustrate the substituent effect of nitrogen-rich heterocycles on the energy performance of energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Qu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Zhiyong Su
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Qing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Gang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Sanping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
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17
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Yang GW, Zhang FF, Wu Q, Cao MJ, Bai Y, Li QY, Wei B, Zou JH. Substituted group directed assembly of energetic lead(ii) compounds based on structure-relevant ligands. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Pb(ii) compounds were prepared. The luminescence properties were investigated. The DSC shows that compound2can be used as a energetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Wen Yang
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Material
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering
- Changshu Institute of Technology
- Changshu 215500
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Fei Zhang
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Material
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering
- Changshu Institute of Technology
- Changshu 215500
- P. R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Material
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering
- Changshu Institute of Technology
- Changshu 215500
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Jie Cao
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Material
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering
- Changshu Institute of Technology
- Changshu 215500
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Material
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering
- Changshu Institute of Technology
- Changshu 215500
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao Yun Li
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Material
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering
- Changshu Institute of Technology
- Changshu 215500
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Wei
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Material
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering
- Changshu Institute of Technology
- Changshu 215500
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Hua Zou
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Material
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering
- Changshu Institute of Technology
- Changshu 215500
- P. R. China
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18
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Cheng J, Dong Y, Ma H, Li L, Liu Z, Zhao F, Xu S. Crystal structure, thermal decomposition, mechanical sensitivity of Na[CL-14·2H2O] and its catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reported the crystal structure, thermal decomposition, mechanical sensitivity and catalytic property of the sodium complex of 5,7-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Dong
- Shijiazhuang No.4 Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Hui Ma
- Shijiazhuang No.4 Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Lixia Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Zuliang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Siyu Xu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
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Chen D, Huang S, Zhang Q, Yu Q, Zhou X, Li H, Li J. Two nitrogen-rich Ni(ii) coordination compounds based on 5,5′-azotetrazole: synthesis, characterization and effect on thermal decomposition for RDX, HMX and AP. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel efficient burning promoters of solid propellants based on Ni salt and azotetrazole have been successfully prepared and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Shiliang Huang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Qian Yu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Hongzhen Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Jinshan Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
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20
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Guo Y, Feng X, Han T, Wang S, Lin Z, Dong Y, Wang B. Tuning the Luminescence of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Detection of Energetic Heterocyclic Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15485-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508962m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School
of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Key
Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School
of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Han
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School
of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhengguo Lin
- Key
Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School
of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Dong
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School
of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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21
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Computational studies on the energetic properties of polynitroxanthines. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2204. [PMID: 24710801 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Density function theory calculations were performed to find comprehensive relationships between the structures and properties of a series of highly energetic polynitroxanthines. The isodesmic reaction method was employed to estimate the gas-phase heat of formation. The solid-state heats of formation for the designed compounds were calculated by the Politzer approach using heats of sublimation. All of the designed compounds were found to possess solid-state heats of formation of >100 kJ mol⁻¹. Detonation performances were evaluated by the Kamlet-Jacobs equations, based on the predicted densities and solid-state heats of formation. The results indicate that all of the compounds have excellent detonation velocities and pressures. The stabilities of the derivatives were calculated by evaluating their energy gaps, bond dissociation energies, and characteristic heights. The results indicate that all of the compounds have large bond dissociation energies and energy gaps. The characteristic height values of the compounds are more than or close to those of HMX and RDX. Thus, the polynitroxanthine derivatives show good thermodynamic and dynamic stability. Further, the present study may provide useful information on the structure-property relationships of these compounds, and for the development of novel high-energy materials.
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22
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Synthesis, crystal structure and catalytic effect on thermal decomposition of RDX and AP: An energetic coordination polymer [Pb2(C5H3N5O5)2(NMP)·NMP]. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Liu JJ, Liu ZL, Cheng J, Fang D. Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of energetic complexes constructed from transition metal cations (Fe and Co) and ANPyO. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22839d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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24
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Liu JJ, Liu ZL, Cheng J. Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of a novel tetra-nuclear Cu complex of ANPyO. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Yang Q, Chen S, Xie G, Gao S. Synthesis, crystal structure, sensitivity, and effect on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate: an energetic compound Cu(HATZ)(PDA)(H2O). J COORD CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2012.700706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi’an , Shaanxi 710069 , China
| | - Sanping Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi’an , Shaanxi 710069 , China
| | - Gang Xie
- a Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi’an , Shaanxi 710069 , China
| | - Shengli Gao
- a Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi’an , Shaanxi 710069 , China
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26
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Zhu W, Yan Q, Li J, Cheng B, Shao Y, Xia X, Xiao H. Prediction of the properties and thermodynamics of formation for energetic nitrogen-rich salts composed of triaminoguanidinium cation and 5-nitroiminotetrazolate-based anions. J Comput Chem 2012; 33:1781-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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27
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Yang Q, Chen S, Xie G, Gao S. Synthesis and characterization of an energetic compound Cu(Mtta)2(NO3)2 and effect on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 197:199-203. [PMID: 21999985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An energetic coordination compound Cu(Mtta)(2)(NO(3))(2) has been synthesized by using 1-methyltetrazole (Mtta) as ligand and its structure has been characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The central copper (II) cation was coordinated by four O atoms from two Mtta ligands and two N atoms from two NO(3)(-) anions to form a six-coordinated and distorted octahedral structure. 2D superamolecular layer structure was formed by the extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonds between Mtta ligands and NO(3)(-) anions. Thermal decomposition process of the compound was predicted based on DSC and TG-DTG analyses results. The kinetic parameters of the first exothermic process of the compound were studied by the Kissinger's and Ozawa-Doyle's methods. Sensitivity tests revealed that the compound was insensitive to mechanical stimuli. In addition, compound was explored as additive to promote the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) by differential scanning calorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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28
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Ma H, Yan B, Li Z, Guan Y, Song J, Xu K, Hu R. Preparation, non-isothermal decomposition kinetics, heat capacity and adiabatic time-to-explosion of NTOxDNAZ. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 169:1068-1073. [PMID: 19446396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
NTOxDNAZ was prepared by mixing 3,3-dinitroazetidine (DNAZ) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) in ethanol solution. The thermal behavior of the title compound was studied under a non-isothermal condition by DSC and TG/DTG methods. The kinetic parameters were obtained from analysis of the DSC and TG/DTG curves by Kissinger method, Ozawa method, the differential method and the integral method. The main exothermic decomposition reaction mechanism of NTOxDNAZ is classified as chemical reaction, and the kinetic parameters of the reaction are E(a)=149.68 kJ mol(-1) and A=10(15.81)s(-1). The specific heat capacity of the title compound was determined with continuous C(p) mode of microcalorimeter. The standard mole specific heat capacity of NTOxDNAZ was 352.56 J mol(-1)K(-1) in 298.15K. Using the relationship between C(p) and T and the thermal decomposition parameters, the time of the thermal decomposition from initialization to thermal explosion (adiabatic time-to-explosion) was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China.
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29
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Wang W, Chen S, Gao S. Syntheses and Characterization of Lead(II)N,N-Bis[1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl]amine Compounds and Effects on Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Talawar MB, Sivabalan R, Mukundan T, Muthurajan H, Sikder AK, Gandhe BR, Rao AS. Environmentally compatible next generation green energetic materials (GEMs). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 161:589-607. [PMID: 18554793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper briefly reviews the literature work reported on the environmentally compatible green energetic materials (GEMs) for defence and space applications. Currently, great emphasis is laid in the field of high-energy materials (HEMs) to increase the environmental stewardship along with the deliverance of improved performance. This emphasis is especially strong in the areas of energetic materials, weapon development, processing, and disposal operations. Therefore, efforts are on to develop energetic materials systems under the broad concept of green energetic materials (GEMs) in different schools all over the globe. The GEMs program initiated globally by different schools addresses these challenges and establishes the framework for advances in energetic materials processing and production that promote compliance with environmental regulations. This review also briefs the principles of green chemistry pertaining to HEMs, followed by the work carried out globally on environmentally compatible green energetic materials and allied ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Talawar
- High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Pune 411021, India
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31
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Yi JH, Zhao FQ, Gao HX, Xu SY, Wang MC, Hu RZ. Preparation, characterization, non-isothermal reaction kinetics, thermodynamic properties, and safety performances of high nitrogen compound: hydrazine 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one complex. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 153:261-8. [PMID: 17913358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A new high nitrogen compound hydrazine 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one complex (HNTO) was prepared by the reaction of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one with hydrazine hydrate, and its structure was characterized by means of organic elemental analyzer, FT-IR, XRD, (13)C NMR and (15)N NMR. The non-isothermal reaction kinetics of the main exothermic decomposition reaction of HNTO was investigated by means of DSC. The thermodynamic properties of HNTO were calculated. The results showed that the formation of HNTO is achieved by proton transfer of N(4) atom, and it makes a higher nitrogen content and lower acidity. The reaction mechanism of HNTO is classified as nucleation and growth, and the mechanism function is Avramo-Erofeev equation with n=2/5. The kinetic parameters of the reaction are E(a)=195.29 kJ mol(-1), lg(A (s(-1)))=19.37, respectively. The kinetic equation can be expressed as: d(alpha)/d(t) = 10(18.97)(1 - alpha)[-ln(1 - alpha)](3/5) e(-2.35 x 10(4)/T). The safety performances of HNTO were carried out. The critical temperature of thermal explosion are 464.26 and 474.37 K, the adiabatic time-to-explosion is 262s, the impact sensitivity H(50)=45.7 cm, the friction sensitivity P=20% and the electrostatic spark sensitivity E(50)>5.4J (no ignition). It shows that HNTO has an insensitive nature as RDX and NTO, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Yi
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, PR China
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32
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Ma H, Song J, Xiao H, Hu R, Wang H, Jin P, Wang Y. Non-isothermal kinetics of the dehydration reaction of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one rubidium and cesium complexes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2006; 128:116-21. [PMID: 16144739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Revised: 07/17/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) rubidium and cesium complexes were synthesized by mixing the aqueous solution of NTO and their respective metal carbonates. Their thermal decomposition and the non-isothermal kinetics of the dehydration reaction were studied under the non-isothermal condition by DSC and TG-DTG methods. The kinetic parameters were obtained from analysis of the DSC and TG-DTG curves by Kissinger method, Ozawa method, the differential method and the integral method. The most probable mechanism functions for the dehydration reaction of the title complexes were suggested by comparing the kinetic parameters. The dehydration decomposition reaction of RbNTO.H2O and CsNTO.H2O appears to be the same as Avrami-Erofeev equation: f(alpha) = (5/2)(1-alpha)[-ln(1-alpha)](3/5), G(alpha)=[-ln(1-alpha)](2/5), n = 2/5. The critical temperature of thermal explosion is 240.88 degrees C for RbNTO.H2O and 246.27 degrees C for CsNTO.H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
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33
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Kulkarni PB, Reddy TS, Nair JK, Nazare AN, Talawar MB, Mukundan T, Asthana SN. Studies on salts of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and 2,4,6-trinitroanilino benzoic acid (TABA): potential energetic ballistic modifiers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2005; 123:54-60. [PMID: 15939535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Revised: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 04/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Co/Cu/Ni/Fe salts of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and 2,4,6-trinitroanilino benzoic acid (TABA) were prepared and characterized during this work. All the salts exhibited exothermic decomposition in DSC. The FT-IR spectra of the gaseous products evolved during TGA of NTO salts indicated the release of NO2 and cleavage of NTO ring during the course of decomposition. Thermal decomposition of TABA salts also produced NO2 on decomposition. The transition metal salts enhanced the burning rates of AP-HTPB composite propellant evaluated during this work. The best catalytic effect was obtained with Fe-NTO salt which increased the burning rate to the extent of approximately 80% as well as brought down the pressure index (n) to 0.18 (2-9MPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Kulkarni
- High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL), Sutarwadi, Pune 411021, India
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34
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Studies on energetic compounds. Part 32: crystal structure, thermolysis and applications of NTO and its salts. J Mol Struct 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(02)00717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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