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Asadie M, Miri A, Badri T, Hosseini Nejad J, Gharechahi J. Dysregulated AEBP1 and COLEC12 Genes in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Brain Cortex and Peripheral Blood Analysis. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:37. [PMID: 38568322 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory and cognitive impairment, often accompanied by alterations in mood, confusion, and, ultimately, a state of acute mental disturbance. The cerebral cortex is considered a promising area for investigating the underlying causes of AD by analyzing transcriptional patterns, which could be complemented by investigating blood samples obtained from patients. We analyzed the RNA expression profiles of three distinct areas of the brain cortex, including the frontal cortex (FC), temporal cortex (TC), and entorhinal cortex (EC) in patients with AD. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across the three regions. The two genes with the most significant expression changes in the EC region were selected for assessing mRNA expression levels in the peripheral blood of late-onset AD patients using quantitative PCR (qPCR). We identified eight shared DEGs in these regions, including AEBP1 and COLEC12, which exhibited prominent changes in expression. Functional enrichment analysis uncovered a significant association of these DEGs with the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway and processes related to angiogenesis. Importantly, we established a robust connection between the up-regulation of AEBP1 and COLEC12 in both the brain and peripheral blood. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the potential of AEBP1 and COLEC12 genes as effective diagnostic tools for distinguishing between late-onset AD patients and healthy controls. This study unveils the intricate interplay between AEBP1 and COLEC12 in AD and underscores their potential as markers for disease detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadreza Asadie
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Miri
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taleb Badri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hosseini Nejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Gharechahi
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Srinivasan S, Kancheva D, De Ren S, Saito T, Jans M, Boone F, Vandendriessche C, Paesmans I, Maurin H, Vandenbroucke RE, Hoste E, Voet S, Scheyltjens I, Pavie B, Lippens S, Schwabenland M, Prinz M, Saido T, Bottelbergs A, Movahedi K, Lamkanfi M, van Loo G. Inflammasome signaling is dispensable for ß-amyloid-induced neuropathology in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1323409. [PMID: 38352874 PMCID: PMC10863058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1323409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting memory and cognition. The disease is accompanied by an abnormal deposition of ß-amyloid plaques in the brain that contributes to neurodegeneration and is known to induce glial inflammation. Studies in the APP/PS1 mouse model of ß-amyloid-induced neuropathology have suggested a role for inflammasome activation in ß-amyloid-induced neuroinflammation and neuropathology. Methods Here, we evaluated the in vivo role of microglia-selective and full body inflammasome signalling in several mouse models of ß-amyloid-induced AD neuropathology. Results Microglia-specific deletion of the inflammasome regulator A20 and inflammasome effector protease caspase-1 in the AppNL-G-F and APP/PS1 models failed to identify a prominent role for microglial inflammasome signalling in ß-amyloid-induced neuropathology. Moreover, global inflammasome inactivation through respectively full body deletion of caspases 1 and 11 in AppNL-G-F mice and Nlrp3 deletion in APP/PS1 mice also failed to modulate amyloid pathology and disease progression. In agreement, single-cell RNA sequencing did not reveal an important role for Nlrp3 signalling in driving microglial activation and the transition into disease-associated states, both during homeostasis and upon amyloid pathology. Conclusion Collectively, these results question a generalizable role for inflammasome activation in preclinical amyloid-only models of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Srinivasan
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daliya Kancheva
- Brain and Systems Immunology Lab, Brussels Center for Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Ren
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Maude Jans
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fleur Boone
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Paesmans
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hervé Maurin
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Esther Hoste
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Voet
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Scheyltjens
- Brain and Systems Immunology Lab, Brussels Center for Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Pavie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Bioimaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Saskia Lippens
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Bioimaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marius Schwabenland
- Institute of Neuropathology Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Takaomi Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Astrid Bottelbergs
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Brain and Systems Immunology Lab, Brussels Center for Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Wang E, Pan AL, Bagchi P, Rangaraju S, Seyfried NT, Ehrlich ME, Salton SR, Zhang B. Proteomic Signaling of Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:66. [PMID: 38254666 PMCID: PMC10813059 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
DUSP4 is a member of the DUSP (dual-specificity phosphatase) subfamily that is selective to the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and has been implicated in a range of biological processes and functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we utilized the stereotactic delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-DUSP4 to overexpress DUSP4 in the dorsal hippocampus of 5xFAD and wildtype (WT) mice, then used mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics along with the label-free quantification to profile the proteome and phosphoproteome in the hippocampus. We identified protein expression and phosphorylation patterns modulated in 5xFAD mice and examined the sex-specific impact of DUSP4 overexpression on the 5xFAD proteome/phosphoproteome. In 5xFAD mice, a substantial number of proteins were up- or down-regulated in both male and female mice in comparison to age and sex-matched WT mice, many of which are involved in AD-related biological processes, such as activated immune response or suppressed synaptic activities. Many proteins in pathways, such as immune response were found to be suppressed in response to DUSP4 overexpression in male 5xFAD mice. In contrast, such a shift was absent in female mice. For the phosphoproteome, we detected an array of phosphorylation sites regulated in 5xFAD compared to WT and modulated via DUSP4 overexpression in each sex. Interestingly, 5xFAD- and DUSP4-associated phosphorylation changes occurred in opposite directions. Strikingly, both the 5xFAD- and DUSP4-associated phosphorylation changes were found to be mostly in neurons and play key roles in neuronal processes and synaptic functions. Site-centric pathway analysis revealed that both the 5xFAD- and DUSP4-associated phosphorylation sites were enriched for a number of kinase sets in females but only a limited number of sets of kinases in male mice. Taken together, our results suggest that male and female 5xFAD mice responded to DUSP4 overexpression via shared and sex-specific molecular mechanisms, which might underly similar reductions in amyloid pathology in both sexes while learning deficits were reduced in only females with DUSP4 overexpression. Finally, we validated our findings with the sex-specific AD-associated proteomes in human cohorts and further developed DUSP4-centric proteomic network models and signaling maps for each sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erming Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; (E.W.)
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Allen L. Pan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pritha Bagchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Integrated Proteomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nicholas T. Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Integrated Proteomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Michelle E. Ehrlich
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; (E.W.)
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Stephen R. Salton
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; (E.W.)
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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4
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Zheng Y, Zhang X, Zhang R, Wang Z, Gan J, Gao Q, Yang L, Xu P, Jiang X. Inflammatory signaling pathways in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with inhibitors, natural products and metabolites (Review). Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:111. [PMID: 37800614 PMCID: PMC10558228 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis poses a persistent obstacle to drug development. In recent times, neuroinflammation has emerged as a crucial pathogenic mechanism of AD, and the targeting of inflammation has become a viable approach for the prevention and management of AD. The present study conducted a comprehensive review of the literature between October 2012 and October 2022, identifying a total of 96 references, encompassing 91 distinct pharmaceuticals that have been investigated for their potential impact on AD by inhibiting neuroinflammation. Research has shown that pharmaceuticals have the potential to ameliorate AD by reducing neuroinflammation mainly through regulating inflammatory signaling pathways such as NF‑κB, MAPK, NLRP3, PPARs, STAT3, CREB, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2 and their respective signaling pathways. Among them, tanshinone IIA has been extensively studied for its anti‑inflammatory effects, which have shown significant pharmacological properties and can be applied clinically. Thus, it may hold promise as an effective drug for the treatment of AD. The present review elucidated the inflammatory signaling pathways of pharmaceuticals that have been investigated for their therapeutic efficacy in AD and elucidates their underlying mechanisms. This underscores the auspicious potential of pharmaceuticals in ameliorating AD by impeding neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruifeng Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Gan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Pengjuan Xu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
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5
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Beltran-Lobo P, Hughes MM, Troakes C, Croft CL, Rupawala H, Jutzi D, Ruepp MD, Jimenez-Sanchez M, Perkinton MS, Kassiou M, Golde TE, Hanger DP, Verkhratsky A, Perez-Nievas BG, Noble W. P2X 7R influences tau aggregate burden in human tauopathies and shows distinct signalling in microglia and astrocytes. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:414-429. [PMID: 37716378 PMCID: PMC10896738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The purinoceptor P2X7R is a promising therapeutic target for tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of P2X7R ameliorates cognitive deficits and reduces pathological tau burden in mice that model aspects of tauopathy, including mice expressing mutant human frontotemporal dementia (FTD)-causing forms of tau. However, disagreements remain over which glial cell types express P2X7R and therefore the mechanism of action is unresolved. Here, we show that P2X7R protein levels increase in human AD post-mortem brain, in agreement with an upregulation of P2RX7 mRNA observed in transcriptome profiles from the AMP-AD consortium. P2X7R protein increases mirror advancing Braak stage and coincide with synapse loss. Using RNAScope we detect P2RX7 mRNA in microglia and astrocytes in human AD brain, including in the vicinity of senile plaques. In cultured microglia, P2X7R activation modulates the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by promoting the formation of active complexes and release of IL-1β. In astrocytes, P2X7R activates NFκB signalling and increases production of the cytokines CCL2, CXCL1 and IL-6 together with the acute phase protein Lcn2. To further explore the role of P2X7R in a disease-relevant context, we expressed wild-type or FTD-causing mutant forms of tau in mouse organotypic brain slice cultures. Inhibition of P2X7R reduces insoluble tau levels without altering soluble tau phosphorylation or synaptic localisation, suggesting a non-cell autonomous role of glial P2X7R on pathological tau aggregation. These findings support further investigations into the cell-type specific effects of P2X7R-targeting therapies in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Beltran-Lobo
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Martina M Hughes
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK; London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Cara L Croft
- UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Huzefa Rupawala
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Daniel Jutzi
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marc-David Ruepp
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | | | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Department of Neurology, Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Diane P Hanger
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Beatriz G Perez-Nievas
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK.
| | - Wendy Noble
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK; University of Exeter, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, Hatherly Laboratories, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK.
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6
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Wang E, Pan AL, Bagchi P, Ranjaraju S, Seyfried NT, Ehrlich ME, Salton SR, Zhang B. Proteomic signaling of dual specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) in Alzheimer's disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3453503. [PMID: 37886598 PMCID: PMC10602176 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3453503/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
DUSP4 is a member of the DUSP (Dual-Specificity Phosphatase) subfamily that is selective to the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and has been implicated in a range of biological processes and functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we utilized stereotactic delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-DUSP4 to overexpress DUSP4 in the dorsal hippocampus of 5xFAD and wildtype (WT) mice, then used mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics along with label-free quantification to profile the proteome and phosphoproteome in the hippocampus. We identified patterns of protein expression and phosphorylation that are modulated in 5xFAD mice and examined the sex-specific impact of DUSP4 overexpression on the 5xFAD proteome/phosphoproteome. In 5xFAD mice, a substantial number of proteins were up- or down-regulated in both male and female mice in comparison to age and sex-matched WT mice, many of which are involved in AD-related biological processes, such as the activated immune response or suppression of synaptic activities. Upon DUSP4 overexpression, significantly regulated proteins were found in pathways that were suppressed, such as the immune response, in male 5xFAD mice. In contrast, such a shift was absent in female mice. For the phosphoproteome, we detected an array of phosphorylation sites that are regulated in 5xFAD compared to WT, and are modulated by DUSP4 overexpression in each sex. Interestingly, the changes in 5xFAD- and DUSP4-associated phosphorylation occurred in opposite directions. Strikingly, both the 5xFAD- and DUSP4-associated phosphorylation changes were found for the most part in neurons, and play key roles in neuronal processes and synaptic function. Site-centric pathway analysis revealed that both the 5xFAD- and DUSP4-associated phosphorylation sites were enriched for a number of kinase sets in female, but only a limited number of sets of kinases in male mice. Taken together, our results suggest that male and female 5xFAD mice respond to DUSP4 overexpression via shared and sex-specific molecular mechanisms, which might underly similar reductions in amyloid pathology in both sexes, while learning deficits were reduced in only females with DUSP4 overexpression. Finally, we validated our findings with the sex-specific AD-associated proteomes in human cohorts and further developed DUSP4-centric proteomic network models and signaling maps for each sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin Zhang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
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7
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Chiou KL, Huang X, Bohlen MO, Tremblay S, DeCasien AR, O’Day DR, Spurrell CH, Gogate AA, Zintel TM, Andrews MG, Martínez MI, Starita LM, Montague MJ, Platt ML, Shendure J, Snyder-Mackler N. A single-cell multi-omic atlas spanning the adult rhesus macaque brain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1914. [PMID: 37824616 PMCID: PMC10569716 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Cataloging the diverse cellular architecture of the primate brain is crucial for understanding cognition, behavior, and disease in humans. Here, we generated a brain-wide single-cell multimodal molecular atlas of the rhesus macaque brain. Together, we profiled 2.58 M transcriptomes and 1.59 M epigenomes from single nuclei sampled from 30 regions across the adult brain. Cell composition differed extensively across the brain, revealing cellular signatures of region-specific functions. We also identified 1.19 M candidate regulatory elements, many previously unidentified, allowing us to explore the landscape of cis-regulatory grammar and neurological disease risk in a cell type-specific manner. Altogether, this multi-omic atlas provides an open resource for investigating the evolution of the human brain and identifying novel targets for disease interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L. Chiou
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Xingfan Huang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martin O. Bohlen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sébastien Tremblay
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex R. DeCasien
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diana R. O’Day
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cailyn H. Spurrell
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aishwarya A. Gogate
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Trisha M. Zintel
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Cayo Biobank Research Unit
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Madeline G. Andrews
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Melween I. Martínez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Lea M. Starita
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael J. Montague
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael L. Platt
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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8
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Olufunmilayo EO, Holsinger RMD. INPP5D/SHIP1: Expression, Regulation and Roles in Alzheimer's Disease Pathophysiology. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1845. [PMID: 37895194 PMCID: PMC10606568 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, accounting for approximately 38.5 million cases of all-cause dementia. Over 60% of these individuals live in low- and middle-income countries and are the worst affected, especially by its deleterious effects on the productivity of both patients and caregivers. Numerous risk factors for the disease have been identified and our understanding of gene-environment interactions have shed light on several gene variants that contribute to the most common, sporadic form of AD. Microglial cells, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), have long been established as guardians of the brain by providing neuroprotection and maintaining cellular homeostasis. A protein with a myriad of effects on various important signaling pathways that is expressed in microglia is the Src Homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing Inositol 5' Phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) protein. Encoded by the INPP5D (Inositol Polyphosphate-5-Phosphatase D) gene, SHIP1 has diminutive effects on most microglia signaling processes. Polymorphisms of the INPP5D gene have been found to be associated with a significantly increased risk of AD. Several studies have elucidated mechanistic processes by which SHIP1 exerts its perturbations on signaling processes in peripheral immune cells. However, current knowledge of the controllers of INPP5D/SHIP1 expression and the idiosyncrasies of its influences on signaling processes in microglia and their relevance to AD pathophysiology is limited. In this review, we summarize these discoveries and discuss the potential of leveraging INPP5D/SHIP1 as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward O. Olufunmilayo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Road, Oritamefa, Ibadan 2002012, Nigeria
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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9
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Wang E, Pan AL, Bagchi P, Ranjaraju S, Seyfried NT, Ehrlich ME, Salton SR, Zhang B. Proteomic signaling of dual specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) in Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.13.557390. [PMID: 37745468 PMCID: PMC10515873 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
DUSP4 is a member of the DUSP (Dual-Specificity Phosphatase) subfamily that is selective to the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and has been implicated in a range of biological processes and functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we utilized stereotactic delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-DUSP4 to overexpress DUSP4 in the dorsal hippocampus of 5×FAD and wildtype (WT) mice, then used mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics along with label-free quantification to profile the proteome and phosphoproteome in the hippocampus. We identified patterns of protein expression and phosphorylation that are modulated in 5×FAD mice and examined the sex-specific impact of DUSP4 overexpression on the 5×FAD proteome/phosphoproteome. In 5×FAD mice, a substantial number of proteins were up- or down-regulated in both male and female mice in comparison to age and sex-matched WT mice, many of which are involved in AD-related biological processes, such as the activated immune response or suppression of synaptic activities. Upon DUSP4 overexpression, significantly regulated proteins were found in pathways that were suppressed, such as the immune response, in male 5×FAD mice. In contrast, such a shift was absent in female mice. For the phosphoproteome, we detected an array of phosphorylation sites that are regulated in 5×FAD compared to WT, and are modulated by DUSP4 overexpression in each sex. Interestingly, the changes in 5×FAD- and DUSP4-associated phosphorylation occurred in opposite directions. Strikingly, both the 5×FAD- and DUSP4-associated phosphorylation changes were found for the most part in neurons, and play key roles in neuronal processes and synaptic function. Site-centric pathway analysis revealed that both the 5×FAD- and DUSP4-associated phosphorylation sites were enriched for a number of kinase sets in female, but only a limited number of sets of kinases in male mice. Taken together, our results suggest that male and female 5×FAD mice respond to DUSP4 overexpression via shared and sex-specific molecular mechanisms, which might underly similar reductions in amyloid pathology in both sexes, while learning deficits were reduced in only females with DUSP4 overexpression. Finally, we validated our findings with the sex-specific AD-associated proteomes in human cohorts and further developed DUSP4-centric proteomic network models and signaling maps for each sex.
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10
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Gene Self-Expressive Networks as a Generalization-Aware Tool to Model Gene Regulatory Networks. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030526. [PMID: 36979461 PMCID: PMC10046116 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-expressiveness is a mathematical property that aims at characterizing the relationship between instances in a dataset. This property has been applied widely and successfully in computer-vision tasks, time-series analysis, and to infer underlying network structures in domains including protein signaling interactions and social-networks activity. Nevertheless, despite its potential, self-expressiveness has not been explicitly used to infer gene networks. In this article, we present Generalizable Gene Self-Expressive Networks, a new, interpretable, and generalization-aware formalism to model gene networks, and we propose two methods: GXN•EN and GXN•OMP, based respectively on ElasticNet and OMP (Orthogonal Matching Pursuit), to infer and assess Generalizable Gene Self-Expressive Networks. We evaluate these methods on four Microarray datasets from the DREAM5 benchmark, using both internal and external metrics. The results obtained by both methods are comparable to those obtained by state-of-the-art tools, but are fast to train and exhibit high levels of sparsity, which make them easier to interpret. Moreover we applied these methods to three complex datasets containing RNA-seq informations from different mammalian tissues/cell-types. Lastly, we applied our methodology to compare a normal vs. a disease condition (Alzheimer), which allowed us to detect differential expression of genes’ sub-networks between these two biological conditions. Globally, the gene networks obtained exhibit a sparse and modular structure, with inner communities of genes presenting statistically significant over/under-expression on specific cell types, as well as significant enrichment for some anatomical GO terms, suggesting that such communities may also drive important functional roles.
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11
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Bhardwaj A, Liyanage SI, Weaver DF. Cancer and Alzheimer's Inverse Correlation: an Immunogenetic Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3086-3099. [PMID: 36797545 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated an inverse link between cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with data suggesting that people with Alzheimer's have a decreased risk of cancer and vice versa. Although other studies have investigated mechanisms to explain this relationship, the connection between these two diseases remains largely unexplained. Processes seen in cancer, such as decreased apoptosis and increased cell proliferation, seem to be reversed in AD. Given the need for effective therapeutic strategies for AD, comparisons with cancer could yield valuable insights into the disease process and perhaps result in new treatments. Here, through a review of existing literature, we compared the expressions of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis to establish a genetic basis for the reciprocal association between AD and cancer. We discuss an array of genes involved in the aforementioned processes, their relevance to both diseases, and how changes in those genes produce varying effects in either disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhardwaj
- Krembil Discovery Tower, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - S Imindu Liyanage
- Krembil Discovery Tower, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Discovery Tower, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.
- Departments of Medicine and Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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12
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Monllor P, Kumar P, Lloret MÁ, Ftara A, Leon JL, Lopez B, Cervera-Ferri A, Lloret A. Multifactorial Causation of Alzheimer's Disease Due to COVID-19. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1399-1409. [PMID: 38007649 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
There are several implications of the surge in the incidence of pandemics and epidemics in the last decades. COVID-19 being the most remarkable one, showed the vulnerability of patients with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review studies the pathological interlinks and triggering factors between the two illnesses and proposes a multifactorial pathway of AD causation due to COVID-19. The article evaluates and describes all the postulated hypotheses which explain the etiology and possible pathogenesis of the disease in four domains: Inflammation & Neurobiochemical interactions, Oxidative Stress, Genetic Factors, and Social Isolation. We believe that a probable hypothesis of an underlying cause of AD after COVID-19 infection could be the interplay of all these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Monllor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of La Plana, Vila-Real, Spain
| | - Pratyush Kumar
- MS4, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Rohini, New Delhi, India
| | - Mari-Ángeles Lloret
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Artemis Ftara
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Spain
| | - Jose-Luis Leon
- Ascires Biomedical Group, Department of Neuroradiology, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Cervera-Ferri
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Lloret
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, CIBERFES, Spain
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13
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Zalpoor H, Nabi-Afjadi M, Forghaniesfidvajani R, Tavakol C, Farahighasreaboonasr F, Pakizeh F, Dana VG, Seif F. Quercetin as a JAK-STAT inhibitor: a potential role in solid tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:60. [PMID: 35883021 PMCID: PMC9327369 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is involved in many immunological processes, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. Some of these processes can contribute to cancer progression and neurodegeneration. Owing to the complexity of this pathway and its potential crosstalk with alternative pathways, monotherapy as targeted therapy has usually limited long-term efficacy. Currently, the majority of JAK-STAT-targeting drugs are still at preclinical stages. Meanwhile, a variety of plant polyphenols, especially quercetin, exert their inhibitory effects on the JAK-STAT pathway through known and unknown mechanisms. Quercetin has shown prominent inhibitory effects on the JAK-STAT pathway in terms of anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity, as well as control of neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses the pharmacological effects of quercetin on the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in solid tumors and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Forghaniesfidvajani
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Farid Pakizeh
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Ghobadi Dana
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Seif
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab St., Aboureyhan St., Vahid Nazari Crossroad, P17, Tehran, Postal code: 1315795613 Iran
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14
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Sharma A, Chunduri A, Gopu A, Shatrowsky C, Crusio WE, Delprato A. Common genetic signatures of Alzheimer's disease in Down Syndrome. F1000Res 2021; 9:1299. [PMID: 33633844 PMCID: PMC7871416 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27096.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: People with Down Syndrome (DS) are born with an extra copy of Chromosome (Chr) 21 and many of these individuals develop Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) when they age. This is due at least in part to the extra copy of the APP gene located on Chr 21. By 40 years, most people with DS have amyloid plaques which disrupt brain cell function and increase their risk for AD. About half of the people with DS develop AD and the associated dementia around 50 to 60 years of age, which is about the age at which the hereditary form of AD, early onset AD, manifests. In the absence of Chr 21 trisomy, duplication of APP alone is a cause of early onset Alzheimer’s disease, making it likely that having three copies of APP is important in the development of AD and in DS. Methods: We investigate the relationship between AD and DS through integrative analysis of genesets derived from a MeSH query of AD and DS associated beta amyloid peptides, Chr 21, GWAS identified AD risk factor genes, and differentially expressed genes in individuals with DS. Results: Unique and shared aspects of each geneset were evaluated based on functional enrichment analysis, transcription factor profile and network interactions. Genes that may be important to both disorders in the context of direct association with APP processing, Tau post translational modification and network connectivity are ACSM1, APBA2, APLP1, BACE2, BCL2L, COL18A1, DYRK1A, IK, KLK6, METTL2B, MTOR, NFE2L2, NFKB1, PRSS1, QTRT1, RCAN1, RUNX1, SAP18 SOD1, SYNJ1, S100B. Conclusions: Our findings confirm that oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and immune system processes likely contribute to the pathogenesis of AD and DS which is consistent with other published reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayati Sharma
- BioScience Project, PO Box 352, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA
| | - Alisha Chunduri
- BioScience Project, PO Box 352, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA.,Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 500075, India
| | - Asha Gopu
- BioScience Project, PO Box 352, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA
| | | | - Wim E Crusio
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, Pessac, 33615, France.,Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Anna Delprato
- BioScience Project, PO Box 352, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA.,Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, Pessac, 33615, France
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15
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Guo L, Liu Y, Wang J. Preservation Analysis on Spatiotemporal Specific Co-expression Networks Suggests the Immunopathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:727928. [PMID: 34539387 PMCID: PMC8446362 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.727928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a continuous clinical and pathophysiological process, molecular biological, and brain functional change often appear before clinical symptoms, but the detailed underlying mechanism is still unclear. The expression profiling of postmortem brain tissue from AD patients and controls provides evidence about AD etiopathogenesis. In the current study, we used published AD expression profiling data to construct spatiotemporal specific coexpression networks in AD and analyzed the network preservation features of each brain region in different disease stages to identify the most dramatically changed coexpression modules and obtained AD-related biological pathways, brain regions and circuits, cell types and key genes based on these modules. As result, we constructed 57 spatiotemporal specific networks (19 brain regions by three disease stages) in AD and observed universal expression changes in all 19 brain regions. The eight most dramatically changed coexpression modules were identified in seven brain regions. Genes in these modules are mostly involved in immune response-related pathways and non-neuron cells, and this supports the immune pathology of AD and suggests the role of blood brain barrier (BBB) injuries. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) meta-analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis suggested potential key genes involved in AD development that might be therapeutic targets. In conclusion, our systematical network analysis on published AD expression profiling data suggests the immunopathogenesis of AD and identifies key brain regions and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Jalouli M, Rahman MA, Jeandet P, Behl T, Alexiou A, Albadrani GM, Abdel-Daim MM, Perveen A, Ashraf GM. Neuroinflammatory Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:126-146. [PMID: 34525932 PMCID: PMC9199559 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210826130210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and extracellular amyloid plaques. Growing evidence has suggested that AD pathogenesis is not only limited to the neuronal compartment but also strongly interacts with immunological processes in the brain. On the other hand, aggregated and misfolded proteins can bind with pattern recognition receptors located on astroglia and microglia and can, in turn, induce an innate immune response, characterized by the release of inflammatory mediators, ultimately playing a role in both the severity and the progression of the disease. It has been reported by genome-wide analysis that several genes which elevate the risk for sporadic AD encode for factors controlling the inflammatory response and glial clearance of misfolded proteins. Obesity and systemic inflammation are examples of external factors which may interfere with the immunological mechanisms of the brain and can induce disease progression. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms and essential role of inflammatory signaling pathways in AD pathogenesis. Indeed, interfering with immune processes and modulation of risk factors may lead to future therapeutic or preventive AD approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka. Bangladesh
| | | | - Maroua Jalouli
- College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451. Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul. Korea
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit "Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection", EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2. France
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 2770 Hebersham. Australia
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474. Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522. Egypt
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur. India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Saudi Arabia
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17
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Onaolapo OJ, Onaolapo AY, Olowe OA, Udoh MO, Udoh DO, Nathaniel TI. Melatonin and Melatonergic Influence on Neuronal Transcription Factors: Implications for the Development of Novel Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:563-577. [PMID: 31885352 PMCID: PMC7457420 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666191230114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional signalling molecule that is secreted by the mammalian pineal gland, and also found in a number of organisms including plants and bacteria. Research has continued to uncover an ever-increasing number of processes in which melatonin is known to play crucial roles in mammals. Amongst these functions is its contribution to cell multiplication, differentiation and survival in the brain. Experimental studies show that melatonin can achieve these functions by influencing transcription factors which control neuronal and glial gene expression. Since neuronal survival and differentiation are processes that are important determinants of the pathogenesis, course and outcome of neurodegenerative disorders; the known and potential influences of melatonin on neuronal and glial transcription factors are worthy of constant examination. In this review, relevant scientific literature on the role of melatonin in preventing or altering the course and outcome of neurodegenerative disorders, by focusing on melatonin's influence on transcription factors is examined. A number of transcription factors whose functions can be influenced by melatonin in neurodegenerative disease models have also been highlighted. Finally, the therapeutic implications of melatonin's influences have also been discussed and the potential limitations to its applications have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle J. Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Y. Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga A. Olowe
- Molecular Bacteriology and Immunology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Mojisola O. Udoh
- Department of Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - David O. Udoh
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Thomas I. Nathaniel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, 29605, United States
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18
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He K, Zhang J, Liu J, Cui Y, Liu LG, Ye S, Ban Q, Pan R, Liu D. Functional genomics study of protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 in mouse hippocampal neuronal cells revealed by RNA sequencing. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9011-9027. [PMID: 33759814 PMCID: PMC8034905 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1), a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase, was considered to be an inhibitor of STAT1 by inhibiting the DNA-binding activity of STAT1 and blocking STAT1-mediated gene transcription in response to cytokine stimulation. PIAS1 has been determined to be involved in modulating several biological processes such as cell proliferation, DNA damage responses, and inflammatory responses, both in vivo and in vitro. However, the role played by PIAS1 in regulating neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has not been determined. In our study, significantly different expression levels of PIAS1 between normal controls and AD patients were detected in four regions of the human brain. Based on a functional analysis of Pias1 in undifferentiated mouse hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cells, we observed that the expression levels of several AD marker genes could be inhibited by Pias1 overexpression. Moreover, the proliferation ability of HT-22 cells could be promoted by the overexpression of Pias1. Furthermore, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to evaluate and quantify the gene expression profiles in response to Pias1 overexpression in HT-22 cells. As a result, 285 significantly dysregulated genes, including 79 upregulated genes and 206 downregulated genes, were identified by the comparison of Pias1/+ cells with WT cells. Among these genes, five overlapping genes, including early growth response 1 (Egr1), early growth response 2 (Egr2), early growth response 3 (Egr3), FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (Fos) and fos-like antigen 1 (Fosl1), were identified by comparison of the transcription factor binding site (TFBS) prediction results for STAT1, whose expression was evaluated by qPCR. Three cell cycle inhibitors, p53, p18 and p21, were significantly downregulated with the overexpression of Pias1. Analysis of functional enrichment and expression levels showed that basic region leucine zipper domain-containing transcription factors including zinc finger C2H2 (zf-C2H2), homeobox and basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) in several signaling pathways were significantly involved in PIAS1 regulation in HT-22 cells. A reconstructed regulatory network under PIAS1 overexpression demonstrated that there were 43 related proteins, notably Nr3c2, that directly interacted with PIAS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan He
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Justin Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yandi Cui
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | | | - Shoudong Ye
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Ban
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ruolan Pan
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Dahai Liu
- Foshan Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
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Xue J, Jia P, Zhang D, Yao Z. TTP488 ameliorates NLRP3-associated inflammation, viability, apoptosis, and ROS production in an Alzheimer's disease cell model by mediating the JAK1/STAT3/NFκB/IRF3 pathway. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:555-561. [PMID: 33724512 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent dementia, is identified as a neurodegenerative disease arising from a degenerative disturbance in the central nervous system. A previous study reported that TTP488 could ameliorate symptoms in patients with mild AD, but the underlying mechanisms need to be studied further. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the role of TTP488 in the development of an AD cell model. Administration of TTP448 in an AD cell model reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α], reversed the inhibitory role of Aβ on cell proliferation and viability, and decreased Aβ-triggered cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, Aβ treatment induced activation of JAK1/STAT3/NFκB/IRF3 pathway as well as NLRP3 expression, and TTP488 administration partially reversed the activation of this pathway and NLRP3 expression. Use of WP1160, a STAT3 agonist, re-activated the downstream STAT3/NFκB/IRF3 pathway and NLRP3 expression. Moreover, we found that WP1160 counteracted the role of TTP488 in Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y cells' viability, inflammation, apoptosis, and ROS production. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: This study explores the role of TTP488 in the development of an Alzheimer's disease (AD) cell model and confirms that TTP488 administration notably promotes cell proliferation and reduces apoptosis, inflammatory factor expression, and reactive oxygen species generation. Further, this study suggests that the NLRP3-relevant JAK1/STAT3/P65/IRF3 signalling pathway is related to AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xue
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Jia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Yao
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Liu X, Wang K, Wei X, Xie T, Lv B, Zhou Q, Wang X. Interaction of NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease and Potential Active Drug Treatments. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:711-731. [PMID: 33523396 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The most important neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are extracellular amyloid-β protein (Aβ) deposition, tau protein hyperphosphorylation and activation of neurometabolic reaction in the brain accompanied by neuronal and synaptic damage, and impaired learning and memory function. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, increased Aβ deposits in the brain to form the core of the senile plaques that initiate cascade reactions, affecting the synapses and stimulating activation of microglia, resulting in neuroinflammation. A growing number of studies has shown that NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD. In this review, we briefly introduce the connection between neuroinflammation-mediated synaptic dysfunction in AD and elaborated on the mechanism of these two signaling pathways in AD-related pathological changes, as well as their interaction. Based on our interest in natural compounds, we also briefly introduce and conduct preliminary screening of potential therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Bin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China. .,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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21
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Snow WM, Cadonic C, Cortes-Perez C, Adlimoghaddam A, Roy Chowdhury SK, Thomson E, Anozie A, Bernstein MJ, Gough K, Fernyhough P, Suh M, Albensi BC. Sex-Specific Effects of Chronic Creatine Supplementation on Hippocampal-Mediated Spatial Cognition in the 3xTg Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113589. [PMID: 33238473 PMCID: PMC7700653 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The creatine (Cr) energy system has been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including reductions in brain phosphoCr and Cr kinase, yet no studies have examined the neurobehavioral effects of Cr supplementation in AD, including the 3xTg mouse model. This studied investigated the effects of Cr supplementation on spatial cognition, plasticity- and disease-related protein levels, and mitochondrial function in the 3xTg hippocampus. Here, 3xTg mice were fed a control or Cr-supplemented (3% Cr (w/w)) diet for 8–9 weeks and tested in the Morris water maze. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption (Seahorse) and protein levels (Western blots) were measured in the hippocampus in subsets of mice. Overall, 3xTg females exhibited impaired memory as compared to males. In females, Cr supplementation decreased escape latency and was associated with increased spatial search strategy use. In males, Cr supplementation decreased the use of spatial search strategies. Pilot data indicated mitochondrial enhancements with Cr supplementation in both sexes. In females, Cr supplementation increased CREB phosphorylation and levels of IκB (NF-κB suppressor), CaMKII, PSD-95, and high-molecular-weight amyloid β (Aβ) species, whereas Aβ trimers were reduced. These data suggest a beneficial preventative effect of Cr supplementation in females and warrant caution against Cr supplementation in males in the AD-like brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda M. Snow
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (C.C.); (C.C.-P.); (A.A.); (S.K.R.C.); (E.T.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (M.S.)
- Centre for the Advancement of Teaching and Learning, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Correspondence: or (W.M.S); (B.C.A.); Tel.: +1-204-235-3942 (B.C.A.)
| | - Chris Cadonic
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (C.C.); (C.C.-P.); (A.A.); (S.K.R.C.); (E.T.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Claudia Cortes-Perez
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (C.C.); (C.C.-P.); (A.A.); (S.K.R.C.); (E.T.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Aida Adlimoghaddam
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (C.C.); (C.C.-P.); (A.A.); (S.K.R.C.); (E.T.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Subir K. Roy Chowdhury
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (C.C.); (C.C.-P.); (A.A.); (S.K.R.C.); (E.T.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (M.S.)
- Research Institute in Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ella Thomson
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (C.C.); (C.C.-P.); (A.A.); (S.K.R.C.); (E.T.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Adama Anozie
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (C.C.); (C.C.-P.); (A.A.); (S.K.R.C.); (E.T.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael J. Bernstein
- Department of Psychological and Social Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Abington, Abington, PA 19001, USA;
| | - Kathleen Gough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (C.C.); (C.C.-P.); (A.A.); (S.K.R.C.); (E.T.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Miyoung Suh
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (C.C.); (C.C.-P.); (A.A.); (S.K.R.C.); (E.T.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (M.S.)
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Benedict C. Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (C.C.); (C.C.-P.); (A.A.); (S.K.R.C.); (E.T.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Correspondence: or (W.M.S); (B.C.A.); Tel.: +1-204-235-3942 (B.C.A.)
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22
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Baloni P, Funk CC, Yan J, Yurkovich JT, Kueider-Paisley A, Nho K, Heinken A, Jia W, Mahmoudiandehkordi S, Louie G, Saykin AJ, Arnold M, Kastenmüller G, Griffiths WJ, Thiele I, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Price ND. Metabolic Network Analysis Reveals Altered Bile Acid Synthesis and Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100138. [PMID: 33294859 PMCID: PMC7691449 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology is influenced by primary and secondary bile acids, the end product of cholesterol metabolism. We analyze 2,114 post-mortem brain transcriptomes and identify genes in the alternative bile acid synthesis pathway to be expressed in the brain. A targeted metabolomic analysis of primary and secondary bile acids measured from post-mortem brain samples of 111 individuals supports these results. Our metabolic network analysis suggests that taurine transport, bile acid synthesis, and cholesterol metabolism differ in AD and cognitively normal individuals. We also identify putative transcription factors regulating metabolic genes and influencing altered metabolism in AD. Intriguingly, some bile acids measured in brain tissue cannot be explained by the presence of enzymes responsible for their synthesis, suggesting that they may originate from the gut microbiome and are transported to the brain. These findings motivate further research into bile acid metabolism in AD to elucidate their possible connection to cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cory C Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jingwen Yan
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Alexandra Kueider-Paisley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Almut Heinken
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Wei Jia
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Siamak Mahmoudiandehkordi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gregory Louie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthias Arnold
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - William J Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ines Thiele
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Discipline of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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23
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Sharma A, Chunduri A, Gopu A, Shatrowsky C, Crusio WE, Delprato A. Common genetic signatures of Alzheimer's disease in Down Syndrome. F1000Res 2020; 9:1299. [PMID: 33633844 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27096.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: People with Down Syndrome (DS) are born with an extra copy of Chromosome (Chr) 21 and many of these individuals develop Alzheimer's Disease (AD) when they age. This is due at least in part to the extra copy of the APP gene located on Chr 21. By 40 years, most people with DS have amyloid plaques which disrupt brain cell function and increase their risk for AD. About half of the people with DS develop AD and the associated dementia around 50 to 60 years of age, which is about the age at which the hereditary form of AD, early onset AD, manifests. In the absence of Chr 21 trisomy, duplication of APP alone is a cause of early onset Alzheimer's disease, making it likely that having three copies of APP is important in the development of AD and in DS. In individuals with both DS and AD, early behavior and cognition-related symptoms may include a reduction in social behavior, decreased enthusiasm, diminished ability to pay attention, sadness, fearfulness or anxiety, irritability, uncooperativeness or aggression, seizures that begin in adulthood, and changes in coordination and walking. Methods: We investigate the relationship between AD and DS through integrative analysis of genesets derived from a MeSH query of AD and DS associated beta amyloid peptides, Chr 21, GWAS identified AD risk factor genes, and differentially expressed genes in DS individuals. Results: Unique and shared aspects of each geneset were evaluated based on functional enrichment analysis, transcription factor profile and network analyses. Genes that may be important to both disorders: ACSM1, APBA2, APLP1, BACE2, BCL2L, COL18A1, DYRK1A, IK, KLK6, METTL2B, MTOR, NFE2L2, NFKB1, PRSS1, QTRT1, RCAN1, RUNX1, SAP18 SOD1, SYNJ1, S100B. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation/immune system processes likely underlie the pathogenesis of AD and DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayati Sharma
- BioScience Project, PO Box 352, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA
| | - Alisha Chunduri
- BioScience Project, PO Box 352, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA.,Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 500075, India
| | - Asha Gopu
- BioScience Project, PO Box 352, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA
| | | | - Wim E Crusio
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, Pessac, 33615, France.,Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Anna Delprato
- BioScience Project, PO Box 352, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA.,Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, Pessac, 33615, France
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24
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Phongpreecha T, Fernandez R, Mrdjen D, Culos A, Gajera CR, Wawro AM, Stanley N, Gaudilliere B, Poston KL, Aghaeepour N, Montine TJ. Single-cell peripheral immunoprofiling of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabd5575. [PMID: 33239300 PMCID: PMC7688332 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd5575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may provide insight into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated PBMC samples from 132 well-characterized research participants using seven canonical immune stimulants, mass cytometric identification of 35 PBMC subsets, and single-cell quantification of 15 intracellular signaling markers, followed by machine learning model development to increase predictive power. From these, three main intracellular signaling pathways were identified specifically in PBMC subsets from people with AD versus controls: reduced activation of PLCγ2 across many cell types and stimulations and selectively variable activation of STAT1 and STAT5, depending on stimulant and cell type. Our findings functionally buttress the now multiply-validated observation that a rare coding variant in PLCG2 is associated with a decreased risk of AD. Together, these data suggest enhanced PLCγ2 activity as a potential new therapeutic target for AD with a readily accessible pharmacodynamic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaphong Phongpreecha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Dunja Mrdjen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Culos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam M Wawro
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Stanley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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25
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Sun Y, Li Z, Lau C, Lu J. Antibody free ELISA-like assay for the detection of transcription factors based on double-stranded DNA thermostability. Analyst 2020; 145:3339-3344. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02631b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in gene expression regulation and disease development. Herein we report a chemiluminescence assay for the detection of transcription factor based on double-stranded DNA thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203
- P.R. China
| | - Zhiyan Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203
- P.R. China
| | - Choiwan Lau
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203
- P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Lu
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203
- P.R. China
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26
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Goschorska M, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Gutowska I, Metryka E, Skórka-Majewicz M, Chlubek D. Potential Role of Fluoride in the Etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123965. [PMID: 30544885 PMCID: PMC6320968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has not been fully explained. Now, the disease is widely attributed both to genetic and environmental factors. It is believed that only a small percentage of new AD cases result solely from genetic mutations, with most cases attributed to environmental factors or to the interaction of environmental factors with preexistent genetic determinants. Fluoride is widespread in the environment and it easily crosses the blood⁻brain barrier. In the brain fluoride affects cellular energy metabolism, synthesis of inflammatory factors, neurotransmitter metabolism, microglial activation, and the expression of proteins involved in neuronal maturation. Finally, and of specific importance to its role in Alzheimer's disease, studies report fluoride-induced apoptosis and inflammation within the central nervous system. This review attempts to elucidate the potential relationship between the effects of fluoride exposure and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We describe the impact of fluoride-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of AD and demonstrate a role for apoptosis in disease progression, as well as a mechanism for its initiation by fluoride. The influence of fluoride on processes of AD initiation and progression is complex and warrants further investigation, especially considering growing environmental fluoride pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Emilia Metryka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Marta Skórka-Majewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
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27
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Luo X, Wei Y. Nonparametric Bayesian learning of heterogeneous dynamic transcription factor networks. Ann Appl Stat 2018. [DOI: 10.1214/17-aoas1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Li HQ, Ip SP, Zheng GQ, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Isorhynchophylline alleviates learning and memory impairments induced by aluminum chloride in mice. Chin Med 2018; 13:29. [PMID: 29946349 PMCID: PMC6000983 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effect of Isorhynchophylline (IRN) on the learning and memory impairments induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in mice. METHODS Fifty male Balb-c mice (4-month-old) were randomly divided into five groups: control, AlCl3 plus vehicle, AlCl3 plus IRN (20 mg/kg), AlCl3 plus IRN (40 mg/kg) and AlCl3 plus donepezil (5 mg/kg). Learning and memory impairments were induced in mice by subcutaneously injecting with AlCl3 (50 mg/kg) once a day for 8 consecutive weeks. At the same time, mice were intragastrically given vehicle or IRN (20 and 40 mg/kg) or donepezil (5 mg/kg) 30 min before each AlCl3 injection. The spatial learning and memory function was assessed using radial arm maze. After sacrificed, the parameters of oxidative stress and cholinergic system in the brain tissues were examined with ELISA kits. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was analyzed with western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that treatment with IRN could significantly ameliorate the cognitive deficits induced by AlCl3 in mice. In addition, treatment with IRN was found to reduce the level of malondialdehyde, enhance the activities of superoxide dismutases and catalase, increase the level of glutathione, and markedly inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain tissues of the AlCl3-treated mice. Moreover, IRN significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκBα in the brain tissues of AlCl3-treated mice. However, IRN did not show significant effect on the activity of butyrylcholinesterase. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated for the first time that IRN could alleviate learning and memory impairments induced by AlCl3 in mice. The neuroprotective effect of IRN against AlCl3-induced AD is probably mediated, at least in part, through inhibiting the AChE activity and reducing the oxidative damage of brain tissue via suppress the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results contributed to a better understanding of the in vivo anti-AD mechanism of IRN. It was concluded that IRN could protect the learning and memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qin Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Siu-Po Ip
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
- Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
- Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
- Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
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Perez-Nievas BG, Serrano-Pozo A. Deciphering the Astrocyte Reaction in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:114. [PMID: 29922147 PMCID: PMC5996928 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes were identified as a component of senile amyloid plaques in the cortex of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients several decades ago. However, their role in AD pathophysiology has remained elusive ever since, in part owing to the extrapolation of the literature from primary astrocyte cultures and acute brain injury models to a chronic neurodegenerative scenario. Recent accumulating evidence supports the idea that reactive astrocytes in AD acquire neurotoxic properties, likely due to both a gain of toxic function and a loss of their neurotrophic effects. However, the diversity and complexity of this glial cell is only beginning to be unveiled, anticipating that astrocyte reaction might be heterogeneous as well. Herein we review the evidence from mouse models of AD and human neuropathological studies and attempt to decipher the main conundrums that astrocytes pose to our understanding of AD development and progression. We discuss the morphological features that characterize astrocyte reaction in the AD brain, the consequences of astrocyte reaction for both astrocyte biology and AD pathological hallmarks, and the molecular pathways that have been implicated in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Alzheimer's Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophage media reduce transmission of oligomeric amyloid beta in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 60:173-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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The role of the immune system in Alzheimer disease: Etiology and treatment. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 40:84-94. [PMID: 28941639 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is now considered a major factor in Alzheimer Disease (AD). This review seeks to demonstrate how various aspects of the immune system, both in the brain and peripherally, interact to contribute to AD. We highlight classical nervous system immune components, such as complement and microglia, as well as novel aspects of the peripheral immune system that can influence disease, such as monocytes and lymphocytes. By detailing the roles of various immune cells in AD, we summarize an emerging perspective for disease etiology and future therapeutic targets.
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Snow WM, Albensi BC. Neuronal Gene Targets of NF-κB and Their Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:118. [PMID: 27881951 PMCID: PMC5101203 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although, better known for its role in inflammation, the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has more recently been implicated in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. This has been, in part, to the discovery of its localization not just in glia, cells that are integral to mediating the inflammatory process in the brain, but also neurons. Several effectors of neuronal NF-κB have been identified, including calcium, inflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor alpha), and the induction of experimental paradigms thought to reflect learning and memory at the cellular level (i.e., long-term potentiation). NF-κB is also activated after learning and memory formation in vivo. In turn, activation of NF-κB can elicit either suppression or activation of other genes. Studies are only beginning to elucidate the multitude of neuronal gene targets of NF-κB in the normal brain, but research to date has confirmed targets involved in a wide array of cellular processes, including cell signaling and growth, neurotransmission, redox signaling, and gene regulation. Further, several lines of research confirm dysregulation of NF-κB in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disorder characterized clinically by a profound deficit in the ability to form new memories. AD-related neuropathology includes the characteristic amyloid beta plaque formation and neurofibrillary tangles. Although, such neuropathological findings have been hypothesized to contribute to memory deficits in AD, research has identified perturbations at the cellular and synaptic level that occur even prior to more gross pathologies, including transcriptional dysregulation. Indeed, synaptic disturbances appear to be a significant correlate of cognitive deficits in AD. Given the more recently identified role for NF-κB in memory and synaptic transmission in the normal brain, the expansive network of gene targets of NF-κB, and its dysregulation in AD, a thorough understanding of NF-κB-related signaling in AD is warranted and may have important implications for uncovering treatments for the disease. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of our current understanding of the gene targets of this transcription factor in neurons in the intact brain and provide an overview of studies investigating NF-κB signaling, including its downstream targets, in the AD brain as a means of uncovering the basic physiological mechanisms by which memory becomes fragile in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda M Snow
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital ResearchWinnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital ResearchWinnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
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Wu J, Yang H, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Lou Y. Ginsenoside Rg1 exerts a protective effect against Aβ₂₅₋₃₅-induced toxicity in primary cultured rat cortical neurons through the NF-κB/NO pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:781-8. [PMID: 26865401 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is a multipotent triterpene saponin extracted from ginseng, and has been proven to act as a nootropic agent against various types of neurological damage. The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect and the underlying mechanisms of Rg1 on apoptosis induced by β-amyloid peptide 25-35 (Aβ25-35) in primary cultured cortical neurons. The primary neurons were preincubated with 20 µM Rg1 for 24 h and exposed to 10 µM Aβ25-35 for 72 h. In the present study, we found that Rg1 prevented nuclear factor κ-light-chain‑enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and IκB-α phosphorylation in primary cultured cortical neurons after Aβ25-35 exposure by scavenging excess reactive oxygen species (ROS); ROS was measured using DCFDA and examined using a fluorescence microscope. In addition, Rg1 successfully suppressed Aβ25‑35-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production in a NF-κB-dependent manner; the suppression of NO was clearly illustrated by the NO production assay. Pretreatment of the cells with Rg1 elevated the proportion of Bcl-2/Bax, lessened the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytoplasm and then blocked mitochondrial apoptotic cascades after Aβ25-35 insult by lowering NO generation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Rg1 rescues primary cultured cortical neurons from Aβ25-35-induced cell apoptosis through the downregulation of the NF-κB/NO signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yijia Lou
- Division of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular and Hepatic Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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Yun HM, Kim JA, Hwang CJ, Jin P, Baek MK, Lee JM, Hong JE, Lee SM, Han SB, Oh KW, Choi DY, Yoon DY, Hong JT. Neuroinflammatory and Amyloidogenic Activities of IL-32β in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:341-52. [PMID: 25159479 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-32β can act as either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines with being dependent on the status of disease development. Herein, we investigated whether IL-32β overexpression changes cytokine levels and affects amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced pro-inflammation in the brain. IL-32β transgenic (Tg) mice and non-Tg mice were intracerebroventricularly infused with Aβ1-42 once a day for 14 days, and then cognitive function was assessed by the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. Our data showed that IL-32β Tg mice increased memory impairment, glia activation, amyloidogenesis, and neuroinflammation. The expression of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), Iba1, and β-secretase 1 (BACE1) in the cortex and hippocampus was much higher in the Aβ1-42-infused IL-32β Tg mice brain. The activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was much higher in Aβ1-42-infused IL-32β Tg mice brain. We also found that cytokines including IP-10, GM-CSF, JE, IL-13, and interferone-inducible T cell α chemoattractant (I-TAC) were elevated in Aβ1-42-infused IL-32β Tg mice brain. These results suggest that IL-32β could activate NF-κB and STAT3, and thus affect neuroinflammation as well as amyloidogenesis, leading to worsening memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, South Korea
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The Role of Heavy Metal Pollution in Neurobehavioral Disorders: a Focus on Autism. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-014-0028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Age-associated dysregulation of microglial activation is coupled with enhanced blood-brain barrier permeability and pathology in APP/PS1 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:1442-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jiang W, Zhang Y, Meng F, Lian B, Chen X, Yu X, Dai E, Wang S, Liu X, Li X, Wang L, Li X. Identification of active transcription factor and miRNA regulatory pathways in Alzheimer’s disease. Bioinformatics 2013; 29:2596-602. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btt423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fan H, Guo Y, Liang X, Yuan Y, Qi X, Wang M, Ma J, Zhou H. Hydrogen sulfide protects against amyloid beta-peptide induced neuronal injury via attenuating inflammatory responses in a rat model. J Biomed Res 2013; 27:296-304. [PMID: 23885269 PMCID: PMC3721038 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.27.20120100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been recognized to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is pathologically characterized by the accumulation of senile plaques containing activated microglia and amyloid β-peptides (Aβ). In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on neuroinflammation in rats with Aβ1-40 hippocampal injection. We found that Aβ-induced rats exhibited a disorder of pyramidal cell layer arrangement, and a decrease of mean pyramidal cell number in the CA1 hippocampal region compared with those in sham operated rats. NaHS (a donor of H2S, 5.6 mg/kg/d, i.p.) treatment for 3 weeks rescued neuronal cell death significantly. Moreover, we found that H2S dramatically suppressed the release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Consistently, both immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assays showed that H2S inhibited the upregulation of COX-2 and the activation of NF-κB in the hippocampus. In conclusion, our data indicate that H2S suppresses neuroinflammation via inhibition of the NF-κB activation pathway in the Aβ-induced rat model and has potential value for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fan
- Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Jin P, Kim JA, Choi DY, Lee YJ, Jung HS, Hong JT. Anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects of a small molecule, 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal in Tg2576 Alzheimer's disease mice model. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:2. [PMID: 23289709 PMCID: PMC3547726 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by excessive accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrils within the brain and activation of astrocytes and microglial cells. In this study, we examined anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects of 2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal (HPB242), an anti-inflammatory compound produced by the tyrosine-fructose Maillard reaction. METHODS 12-month-old Tg2576 mice were treated with HPB242 (5 mg/kg) for 1 month and then cognitive function was assessed by the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. In addition, western blot analysis, Gel electromobility shift assay, immunostaining, immunofluorescence staining, ELISA and enzyme activity assays were used to examine the degree of Aβ deposition in the brains of Tg2576 mice. The Morris water maze task was analyzed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Otherwise were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post hoc test. RESULTS Treatment of HPB242 (5 mg/kg for 1 month) significantly attenuated cognitive impairments in Tg2576 transgenic mice. HPB242 also prevented amyloidogenesis in Tg2576 transgenic mice brains. This can be evidenced by Aβ accumulation, BACE1, APP and C99 expression and β-secretase activity. In addition, HPB242 suppresses the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as well as activation of astrocytes and microglial cells. Furthermore, activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/3 (STAT1/3) in the brain was potently inhibited by HPB242. CONCLUSIONS Thus, these results suggest that HPB242 might be useful to intervene in development or progression of neurodegeneration in AD through its anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
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Ma SL, Huang W, Tang NL, Lam LC. MxA Polymorphisms Are Associated with Risk and Age-at-Onset in Alzheimer Disease and Accelerated Cognitive Decline in Chinese Elders. Rejuvenation Res 2012; 15:516-22. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2012.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Ling Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nelson L.S. Tang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Linda C.W. Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Xuan A, Long D, Li J, Ji W, Zhang M, Hong L, Liu J. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neuroinflammation in β-amyloid rat model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:202. [PMID: 22898621 PMCID: PMC3458984 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may have multiple functions in brain. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H2S donor) on cognitive impairment and neuroinflammatory changes induced by injections of Amyloid-β1-40 (Aβ1-40), and explored possible mechanisms of action. Methods We injected Aβ1-40 into the hippocampus of rats to mimic rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Morris water maze was used to detect the cognitive function. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect neuronal apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry analyzed the response of glia. The expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression of Aβ1-40, phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospho-p65 Nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) was analyzed by western blot. Results We demonstrated that pretreatment with NaHS ameliorated learning and memory deficits in an Aβ1-40 rat model of AD. NaHS treatment suppressed Aβ1-40-induced apoptosis in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. Moreover, the over-expression in IL-1β and TNF-α as well as the extensive astrogliosis and microgliosis in the hippocampus induced by Aβ1-40 were significantly reduced following administration of NaHS. Concomitantly, treatment with NaHS alleviated the levels of p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB phosphorylation but not JNK phosphorylation that occurred in the Aβ1-40-injected hippocampus. Conclusions These results indicate that NaHS could significantly ameliorate Aβ1-40-induced spatial learning and memory impairment, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation at least in part via the inhibition of p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB activity, suggesting that administration of NaHS could provide a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Xuan
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Liang D, Han G, Feng X, Sun J, Duan Y, Lei H. Concerted perturbation observed in a hub network in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40498. [PMID: 22815752 PMCID: PMC3398025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving the alteration of gene expression at the whole genome level. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of AD has been conducted by many groups on several relevant brain regions. However, identifying the most critical dys-regulated genes has been challenging. In this work, we addressed this issue by deriving critical genes from perturbed subnetworks. Using a recent microarray dataset on six brain regions, we applied a heaviest induced subgraph algorithm with a modular scoring function to reveal the significantly perturbed subnetwork in each brain region. These perturbed subnetworks were found to be significantly overlapped with each other. Furthermore, the hub genes from these perturbed subnetworks formed a connected hub network consisting of 136 genes. Comparison between AD and several related diseases demonstrated that the hub network was robustly and specifically perturbed in AD. In addition, strong correlation between the expression level of these hub genes and indicators of AD severity suggested that this hub network can partially reflect AD progression. More importantly, this hub network reflected the adaptation of neurons to the AD-specific microenvironment through a variety of adjustments, including reduction of neuronal and synaptic activities and alteration of survival signaling. Therefore, it is potentially useful for the development of biomarkers and network medicine for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Liang
- CAS key laboratory of genome sciences and information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Increased NF-κB signalling up-regulates BACE1 expression and its therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 15:77-90. [PMID: 21329555 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145711000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) were found in the brain of some sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. BACE1 cleaves β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) to generate amyloid β protein (Aβ), a central component of neuritic plaques in AD brains. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling plays an important role in gene regulation and is implicated in inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. In this report we found that both BACE1 and NF-κB p65 levels were significantly increased in the brains of AD patients. Two functional NF-κB-binding elements were identified in the human BACE1 promoter region. We found that NF-κB p65 expression resulted in increased BACE1 promoter activity and BACE1 transcription, while disruption of NF-κB p65 decreased BACE1 gene expression in p65 knockout (RelA-knockout) cells. In addition, NF-κB p65 expression leads to up-regulated β-secretase cleavage and Aβ production, while non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibited BACE1 transcriptional activation induced by strong NF-κB activator tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that NF-κB signalling facilitates BACE1 gene expression and APP processing, and increased BACE1 expression mediated by NF-κB signalling in the brain could be one of the novel molecular mechanisms underlying the development of AD in some sporadic cases. Furthermore, NSAIDs could block the inflammation-induced BACE1 transcription and Aβ production. Our study suggests that inhibition of NF-κB-mediated BACE1 expression may be a valuable drug target for AD therapy.
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Carter C. Alzheimer's disease plaques and tangles: Cemeteries of a Pyrrhic victory of the immune defence network against herpes simplex infection at the expense of complement and inflammation-mediated neuronal destruction. Neurochem Int 2011; 58:301-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Hall AA, Pennypacker KR. Implications of immune system in stroke for novel therapeutic approaches. Transl Stroke Res 2010; 1:85-95. [PMID: 24323491 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-009-0003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Each year, approximately 795,000 people suffer a new or recurrent stroke. About 610,000 of these are first attacks, and 185,000 are recurrent attacks. Currently, the only FDA approved treatment for ischemic stroke is the thrombolytic recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (Alteplase), which must be given within 4.5 h of stroke onset. Beyond this time, apoptotic and inflammatory processes greatly diminish the therapeutic benefits of current treatments. While there have been many experimental treatments for stroke that showed promising preclinical efficacy, these treatments have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials. In many of these cases, the preclinical animal studies did not model the clinical setting effectively. The injury that occurs following stroke is a dynamic process. To effectively treat stroke patients at clinically relevant timepoints, it is imperative to understand both the humeral and cell-mediated phenomena that occur throughout the body in response to ischemic injury over time. Promising experimental therapeutics designed to be given 1 to 2 days following stroke require both neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties in order to be efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Hall
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Basic Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, MDC Box 9, 12901, Bruce B Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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Qin ZH, Tao LY, Chen X. Dual roles of NF-kappaB in cell survival and implications of NF-kappaB inhibitors in neuroprotective therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:1859-72. [PMID: 18031598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-kappaB is a well-characterized transcription factor with multiple physiological and pathological functions. NF-kappaB plays important roles in the development and maturation of lymphoids, regulation of immune and inflammatory response, and cell death and survival. The influence of NF-kappaB on cell survival could be protective or destructive, depending on types, developmental stages of cells, and pathological conditions. The complexity of NF-kappaB in cell death and survival derives from its multiple roles in regulating the expression of a broad array of genes involved in promoting cell death and survival. The activation of NF-kappaB has been found in many neurological disorders, but its actual roles in pathogenesis are still being debated. Many compounds with neuroprotective actions are strongly associated with the inhibition of NF-kappaB, leading to speculation that blocking the pathological activation of NF-kappaB could offer neuroprotective effects in certain neurodegenerative conditions. This paper reviews the recent developments in understanding the dual roles of NF-kappaB in cell death and survival and explores its possible usefulness in treating neurological diseases. This paper will summarize the genes regulated by NF-kappaB that are involved in cell death and survival to elucidate why NF-kappaB promotes cell survival in some conditions while facilitating cell death in other conditions. This paper will also focus on the effects of various NF-kappaB inhibitors on neuroprotection in certain pathological conditions to speculate if NF-kappaB is a potential target for neuroprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Protective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on ischemia/reperfusion-induced injuries in the heart: STAT1 silencing flavonoid. GENES AND NUTRITION 2007; 2:307-10. [PMID: 18850185 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-007-0060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effect of naturally occurring flavonoids in health is believed to be due to their strong antioxidant activity. However, recent laboratory evidence indicates the involvement of a more specific action. Here, we present evidence that, among a number of catechins present in green tea extract, only epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exerts a strong inhibitory action on interferon-gamma-elicited activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Protective action of EGCG in ischemia/reperfusion injury in the heart and the molecular mechanism of action, which has nothing to do with its anti-oxidant capacity are described.
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Aschner M, Syversen T, Souza DO, Rocha JBT, Farina M. Involvement of glutamate and reactive oxygen species in methylmercury neurotoxicity. Braz J Med Biol Res 2007; 40:285-91. [PMID: 17334523 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2007000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the mechanisms of methylmercury (MeHg)-induced neurotoxicity, specifically examining the role of oxidative stress in mediating neuronal damage. A number of critical findings point to a central role for astrocytes in mediating MeHg-induced neurotoxicity as evidenced by the following observations: a) MeHg preferentially accumulates in astrocytes; b) MeHg specifically inhibits glutamate uptake in astrocytes; c) neuronal dysfunction is secondary to disturbances in astrocytes. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by MeHg has been observed in various experimental paradigms. For example, MeHg enhances ROS formation both in vivo (rodent cerebellum) and in vitro (isolated rat brain synaptosomes), as well as in neuronal and mixed reaggregating cell cultures. Antioxidants, including selenocompounds, can rescue astrocytes from MeHg-induced cytotoxicity by reducing ROS formation. We emphasize that oxidative stress plays a significant role in mediating MeHg-induced neurotoxic damage with active involvement of the mitochondria in this process. Furthermore, we provide a mechanistic overview on oxidative stress induced by MeHg that is triggered by a series of molecular events such as activation of various kinases, stress proteins and other immediate early genes culminating in cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aschner
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, B3307 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Chen W, Khurana Hershey GK. Signal transducer and activator of transcription signals in allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119:529-41; quiz 542-3. [PMID: 17336608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are a group of transcription factors that transmit signals from the extracellular milieu of cells to the nucleus. They are crucial for the signaling of many cytokines that are mediators of allergic inflammation and impact various cell types critical to allergy including epithelial cells, mast cells, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and eosinophils. Dysregulation of STAT signaling has been implicated in allergic disease, highlighting the importance of these ubiquitous molecules in allergic inflammation and the potential of these pathways as a target for therapeutic intervention. This review will summarize the current understanding of the roles of STAT signaling in allergic disease and the potential of targeting STATs for the treatment of allergic disorders, emphasizing recent observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Chen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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