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Nuclear Receptors as Regulators of Pituitary Corticotroph Pro-Opiomelanocortin Transcription. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040900. [PMID: 32272677 PMCID: PMC7226830 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis plays a critical role in adaptive stress responses and maintaining organism homeostasis. The pituitary corticotroph is the central player in the HPA axis and is regulated by a plethora of hormonal and stress related factors that synergistically interact to activate and temper pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) transcription, to either increase or decrease adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production and secretion as needed. Nuclear receptors are a family of highly conserved transcription factors that can also be induced by various physiologic signals, and they mediate their responses via multiple targets to regulate metabolism and homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the modulatory roles of nuclear receptors on pituitary corticotroph cell POMC transcription, describe the unique and complex role these factors play in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) regulation and discuss potential therapeutic targets in disease states.
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Jakaria M, Haque ME, Cho DY, Azam S, Kim IS, Choi DK. Molecular Insights into NR4A2(Nurr1): an Emerging Target for Neuroprotective Therapy Against Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Cell Death. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5799-5814. [PMID: 30684217 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
NR4A2 is a nuclear receptor and a transcription factor, with distinctive physiological features. In the cell nuclei of the central nervous system, it is widely expressed and identified as a crucial regulator of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal differentiation, survival, and maintenance. Importantly, it has regulated different genes crucial for dopaminergic signals, and its expression has been diminished in both aged and PD post-mortem brains and reduced in PD patients. In microglia and astrocytes, the expression of NR4A2 has been found where it can be capable of inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory mediators; hence, it protected inflammation-mediated DA neuronal death. In addition, NR4A2 plays neuroprotective role via regulating different signals. However, NR4A2 has been mainly focused on Parkinson's research, but, in recent times, it has been studied in Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and stroke. Altered expression of NR4A2 is connected to AD progression, and activation of its may improve cognitive function. It is downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients; nonetheless, its role in MS has not been fully clear. miR-145-5p known as a putative regulator of NR4A2 and in a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion model, anti-miR-145-5p administration promoted neurological outcomes in rat. To date, various activators and modulators of NR4A2 have been discovered and investigated as probable therapeutic drugs in neuroinflammatory and neuronal cell death models. The NR4A2 gene and cell-based therapy are described as promising drug candidates for neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, microRNA might have a crucial role in neurodegeneration via affecting NR4A2 expression. Herein, we present the role of NR4A2 in neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death focusing on neurodegenerative conditions and display NR4A2 as a promising therapeutic target for the therapy of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakaria
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Md Ezazul Haque
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Duk-Yeon Cho
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea.,Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences and Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea. .,Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences and Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea.
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Moriya S, Soga T, Wong DW, Parhar IS. Transcriptome composition of the preoptic area in mid-age and escitalopram treatment in male mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 622:67-71. [PMID: 27113202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The decrease in serotonergic neurotransmission during aging can increase the risk of neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression in elderly population and decline the reproductive system. Therefore, it is important to understand the age-associated molecular mechanisms of brain aging. In this study, the effect of aging and chronic escitalopram (antidepressant) treatment to admit mice was investigated by comparing transcriptomes in the preoptic area (POA) which is a key nucleus for reproduction. In the mid-aged brain, the immune system-related genes were increased and hormone response-related genes were decreased. In the escitalopram treated brains, transcription-, granule cell proliferation- and vasoconstriction-related genes were increased and olfactory receptors were decreased. Since homeostasis and neuroprotection-related genes were altered in both of mid-age and escitalopram treatment, these genes could be important for serotonin related physiologies in the POA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Moriya
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Tomoko Soga
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Dutt Way Wong
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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Dong J, Li S, Mo JL, Cai HB, Le WD. Nurr1-Based Therapies for Parkinson's Disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:351-9. [PMID: 27012974 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have documented that orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 (also known as NR4A2) plays important roles in the midbrain dopamine (DA) neuron development, differentiation, and survival. Furthermore, it has been reported that the defects in Nurr1 are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, Nurr1 might be a potential therapeutic target for PD. Emerging evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has recently demonstrated that Nurr1-activating compounds and Nurr1 gene therapy are able not only to enhance DA neurotransmission but also to protect DA neurons from cell injury induced by environmental toxin or microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Moreover, modulators that interact with Nurr1 or regulate its function, such as retinoid X receptor, cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, have the potential to enhance the effects of Nurr1-based therapies in PD. This review highlights the recent progress in preclinical studies of Nurr1-based therapies and discusses the outlook of this emerging therapy as a promising new generation of PD medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- The Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Li
- The Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing-Lin Mo
- The Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huai-Bin Cai
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Dong Le
- The Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Sánchez N, Coura R, Engmann O, Marion-Poll L, Longueville S, Hervé D, Andrés ME, Girault JA. Haloperidol-induced Nur77 expression in striatopallidal neurons is under the control of protein phosphatase 1 regulation by DARPP-32. Neuropharmacology 2014; 79:559-66. [PMID: 24440754 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Impaired dopaminergic signaling in the striatum is involved in diseases as diverse as Parkinson's disease, addiction, and schizophrenia. An important pathophysiological aspect is the loss of balance between striatopallidal and striatonigral pathways. Nur77 is an orphan nuclear receptor and dopamine-regulated immediate-early gene. Classical antipsychotic drugs widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia, such as haloperidol, increase Nur77 mRNA expression in the striatum. However, little is known about the intracellular signaling pathways involved in Nur77 induction. Here, using pharmacological approaches and transgenic mutant mice, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the up-regulation of Nur77 protein expression in the dorsal striatum after haloperidol injection. In drd1a::EGFP transgenic mice that express GFP in D1 neurons, Nur77 up-regulation induced by haloperidol occurred predominantly in GFP-negative neurons. In Gαolf heterozygous mutant mice, in which cAMP production in response to A2A stimulation is impaired in the striatum, haloperidol effect was not altered. In contrast, in DARPP-32 knock-in mutant mice bearing a T34A point mutation of the site responsible for cAMP-dependent phosphatase 1 inhibition, Nur77 up-regulation by haloperidol was prevented. Haloperidol also induced Nur77 protein in D2 neurons of the nucleus accumbens core of wild type but not T34A knock-in mice. Thus, our results show that expression of Nur77 is induced by haloperidol in D2 receptors-expressing medium-sized spiny neurons, through cAMP-dependent regulation of protein phosphatase 1, which is likely to modulate the effects of other protein kinases. Our results clarify the mechanisms of Nur77 induction by antipsychotic and its possible contribution to extrapyramidal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sánchez
- Millennium Nucleus in Stress and Addiction (NEDA), Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Inserm, UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Renata Coura
- Inserm, UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Engmann
- Inserm, UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Marion-Poll
- Inserm, UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Longueville
- Inserm, UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Denis Hervé
- Inserm, UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - María E Andrés
- Millennium Nucleus in Stress and Addiction (NEDA), Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm, UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.
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Campos-Melo D, Galleguillos D, Sánchez N, Gysling K, Andrés ME. Nur transcription factors in stress and addiction. Front Mol Neurosci 2013; 6:44. [PMID: 24348325 PMCID: PMC3844937 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2013.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nur transcription factors Nur77 (NGFI-B, NR4A1), Nurr1 (NR4A2), and Nor-1 (NR4A3) are a sub-family of orphan members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. These transcription factors are products of immediate early genes, whose expression is rapidly and transiently induced in the central nervous system by several types of stimuli. Nur factors are present throughout the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis where are prominently induced in response to stress. Drugs of abuse and stress also induce the expression of Nur factors in nuclei of the motivation/reward circuit of the brain, indicating their participation in the process of drug addiction and in non-hypothalamic responses to stress. Repeated use of addictive drugs and chronic stress induce long-lasting dysregulation of the brain motivation/reward circuit due to reprogramming of gene expression and enduring alterations in neuronal function. Here, we review the data supporting that Nur transcription factors are key players in the molecular basis of the dysregulation of neuronal circuits involved in chronic stress and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Campos-Melo
- Nucleus Millennium in Stress and Addiction, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Danny Galleguillos
- Nucleus Millennium in Stress and Addiction, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Sánchez
- Nucleus Millennium in Stress and Addiction, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Katia Gysling
- Nucleus Millennium in Stress and Addiction, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - María E Andrés
- Nucleus Millennium in Stress and Addiction, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Dispensable, redundant, complementary, and cooperative roles of dopamine, octopamine, and serotonin in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2012; 193:159-76. [PMID: 23086220 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.112.142042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the regulation of Drosophila melanogaster behavior by biogenic amines, we have exploited the broad requirement of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) for the vesicular storage and exocytotic release of all monoamine neurotransmitters. We used the Drosophila VMAT (dVMAT) null mutant to globally ablate exocytotic amine release and then restored DVMAT activity in either individual or multiple aminergic systems, using transgenic rescue techniques. We find that larval survival, larval locomotion, and female fertility rely predominantly on octopaminergic circuits with little apparent input from the vesicular release of serotonin or dopamine. In contrast, male courtship and fertility can be rescued by expressing DVMAT in octopaminergic or dopaminergic neurons, suggesting potentially redundant circuits. Rescue of major aspects of adult locomotion and startle behavior required octopamine, but a complementary role was observed for serotonin. Interestingly, adult circadian behavior could not be rescued by expression of DVMAT in a single subtype of aminergic neurons, but required at least two systems, suggesting the possibility of unexpected cooperative interactions. Further experiments using this model will help determine how multiple aminergic systems may contribute to the regulation of other behaviors. Our data also highlight potential differences between behaviors regulated by standard exocytotic release and those regulated by other mechanisms.
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Modulation of haloperidol-induced patterns of the transcription factor Nur77 and Nor-1 expression by serotonergic and adrenergic drugs in the mouse brain. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 15:509-21. [PMID: 21524335 PMCID: PMC4807123 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145711000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Different patterns of expression of the transcription factors of Nur77 and Nor-1 are induced following acute administration of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. The pharmacological profile of atypical antipsychotics suggests that serotonergic and/or adrenergic receptors might contribute to these reported differences. In order to test this possibility, we examined the abilities of serotonin 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A/2C), and α₁- and α₂-adrenergic receptor drugs to modify the pattern of Nur77 (NR4A1) and Nor-1 (NR4A3) mRNA expression induced by haloperidol. Various groups of mice were treated with either saline, DOI, a 5-HT(2A/2C) agonist, MDL11939, a 5-HT(2A) antagonist, 8-OH-DPAT, a 5-HT(1A) agonist, prazosin, an α₁-adrenergic antagonist and idazoxan, an α₂-adrenergic antagonist, alone or in combination with haloperidol. The 5-HT(2A/2C) agonist DOI alone significantly increased Nur77 expression in the medial striatum and nucleus accumbens. DOI reduced Nor-1 expression, while MDL11939 increased the expression of this transcript in the cortex. Prazosin reduced Nur77 expression in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens. Interestingly, 8-OH-DPAT and MDL11939 partially prevented haloperidol-induced Nur77 up-regulation, while MDL11939 completely abolished Nor-1 expression in the striatum. In addition, MDL11939 decreased haloperidol-induced Nur77 and Nor-1 mRNA levels in the ventral tegmental area. On the contrary, idazoxan (α₂ antagonist) consistently potentiated haloperidol-induced Nur77, but not Nor-1 mRNA levels in the striatum, whereas prazosin (α₁ antagonist) remained without effect. Taken together, these results show the ability of a 5-HT(1A) agonist or a 5-HT(2A) antagonist to reduce haloperidol-induced Nur77 and Nor-1 striatal expression, suggesting that these serotonin receptor subtypes participate in the differential pattern of gene expression induced by typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs.
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Garrett T, Tulloch I, McCoy MT, Ladenheim B, Jayanthi S, Krasnova I, Beauvais G, Hodges A, Davis C, Cadet JL. Chronic Methamphetamine Causes Differential Expression of Immediate Early Genes in the Nucleus Accumbens and Midbrain of Rats. JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2012; 1:235626. [PMID: 36147517 PMCID: PMC9491698 DOI: 10.4303/jdar/235626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether chronic methamphetamine (METH) would suppress METH-induced mRNA expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) in the rat brain. Rats were given METH or saline over two weeks. After an overnight withdrawal, saline- and METH-pretreated rats received an acute saline or METH challenge. The acute METH challenge increased expression of members of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and Nr4a IEG families in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and midbrain of saline-pretreated rats. Chronic METH exposure attenuated the effects of acute METH challenge on AP-1 IEG expression in the NAc. However, chronic METH failed to attenuate acute METH-induced increases of Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 expression in the NAc. In contrast to observations in the NAc, chronic METH did not prevent acute METH-induced changes in IEG expression in the midbrain. These results suggest that these two brain regions that are implicated in neuroplastic effects of illicit substances might be differentially affected by psychostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Garrett
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA-Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ingrid Tulloch
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA-Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael T McCoy
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA-Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Bruce Ladenheim
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA-Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA-Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Irina Krasnova
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA-Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Genevieve Beauvais
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA-Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amber Hodges
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA-Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Carolyn Davis
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA-Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA-Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Alexopoulou AN, Leao M, Caballero OL, Da Silva L, Reid L, Lakhani SR, Simpson AJ, Marshall JF, Neville AM, Jat PS. Dissecting the transcriptional networks underlying breast cancer: NR4A1 reduces the migration of normal and breast cancer cell lines. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12:R51. [PMID: 20642837 PMCID: PMC2949640 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer currently accounts for more than one-quarter of all female cancers and, despite the great progress in treatment observed in the past few years, the need for identification of new gene targets that can be used for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy is evident. A previous study identified the transcription factor NR4A1 as a gene upregulated in primary breast cancer compared with normal tissue by microarray analysis and sequencing technologies. The purpose of the study was to identify the role of NR4A1 in normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cell biology. Methods NR4A1 expression in breast tumours was assessed by semiquantitative and real-time PCR using RNA from normal and tumour samples or breast cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays was performed to check NR4A1 protein expression in breast tumours. MCF-10A and 226L normal mammary epithelial cells as well as the tumour lines PMC42, ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 were transduced with full-length NR4A1, and the ability of NR4A1-overexpressing cells to migrate was tested using scratch wound or transwell migration assays. Proliferation was measured using the MTT and BrdU assays, while apoptosis was determined by the Annexin V assay. The ability of the cells to adhere to extracellular matrix was tested by adhesion assays and integrin cell surface expression was measured by flow cytometry. Activation of the FAK as well as ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways was checked by western blotting. Results Breast tissue microarray analysis showed NR4A1 expression in primary tumours, which was reduced in higher grade and metastatic tumours. Ectopic expression of NR4A1 in MCF-10A, 226L, PMC42 and ZR-75-1 cells led to reduced ability of the cells to migrate, while no differences were observed in their proliferation and apoptotic index. NR4A1 expression altered the ability of the MCF-10A cells to adhere to the extracellular matrix and affected cell surface expression of integrins. Conclusions NR4A1 acts as an antimigratory factor in two normal mammary epithelial and two breast cancer cell lines tested. It is therefore possible that NR4A1 acts as an antimigratory factor in breast tumours, and further studies should be conducted to understand the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika N Alexopoulou
- University of Oxford Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Old Road Campus, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Akiyama K, Isao T, Ide S, Ishikawa M, Saito A. mRNA expression of the Nurr1 and NGFI-B nuclear receptor families following acute and chronic administration of methamphetamine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:1957-66. [PMID: 18930103 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 08/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nur-related 1 (Nurr1) and nerve growth factor inducible-B (NGFI-B) constitute closely related subgroups of the nuclear receptor superfamily. One to three hours after 4 mg/kg acute methamphetamine (METH) administration, the levels of Nurr1 mRNA were significantly higher in the prelimbic (PrL), primary motor (M1) and primary somatosensory (S1) cortices and ventral tegmental area (VTA), as compared with the basal level. Pretreatment with 0.5 mg/kg of SCH23390 prevented the acute METH-induced increase in Nurr1 mRNA levels in these brain regions. One to three hours after 4-mg/kg acute METH administration, the levels of NGFI-B mRNA increased significantly in the PrL, M1, S1, striatum, and nucleus accumbens core (AcbC). Pretreatment with either 0.5 mg/kg of MK-801 or 0.5 mg/kg of SCH23390 prevented the acute METH-induced increase in NGFI-B mRNA levels in these brain regions. The levels of mRNAs were determined 3 h after a challenge injection of either saline or 4 mg/kg METH at the three-week withdrawal point in rats which had previously been exposed to either saline or METH (4 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. After the saline challenge, the group chronically exposed to METH displayed significantly higher levels of Nurr1 mRNA in the PrL, S1 and VTA, and of NGFI-B mRNA in the PrL, M1, S1, striatum and AcbC than did the group chronically treated with saline. The groups chronically exposed to METH failed to increase Nurr1 mRNA in the VTA, and NGFI-B mRNA in the AcbC, when challenged with 4 mg/kg METH. These results suggest that Nurr1 and NGFI-B mRNA play differential roles upon exposure to METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Akiyama
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
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Lévesque D, Rouillard C. Nur77 and retinoid X receptors: crucial factors in dopamine-related neuroadaptation. Trends Neurosci 2006; 30:22-30. [PMID: 17134767 PMCID: PMC5333988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2006.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic systems in the brain adapt in response to various stimuli from the internal and external world, but the mechanisms underlying this process are incompletely understood. Here, we review recent evidence that certain types of transcription factor of the nuclear receptor family, specifically Nur77 and retinoid X receptors, have important roles in adaptation and homeostatic regulation of dopaminergic systems. These findings call for a reassessment of our fundamental understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of dopamine-mediated transmission. Given that diseases such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia are thought to involve adaptation of dopamine signalling, these findings might provide new insight into these pathologies and offer new avenues for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lévesque
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7.
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13
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Bowers BJ, Radcliffe RA, Smith AM, Miyamoto-Ditmon J, Wehner JM. Microarray analysis identifies cerebellar genes sensitive to chronic ethanol treatment in PKCgamma mice. Alcohol 2006; 40:19-33. [PMID: 17157717 PMCID: PMC1931504 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroadaptive changes that occur in the development of ethanol tolerance may be the result of alterations in gene expression. We have shown that PKCgamma wild-type mice develop tolerance to the sedative-hypnotic effects of ethanol after chronic ethanol treatment; whereas, mutant mice do not, making these genotypes a suitable model for identifying changes in gene expression related to tolerance development. Using a two-stage process, several genes were initially identified using microarray analyses of cerebellar tissue from ethanol-treated PKCgamma mutant and wild-type mice. Subsequent confirmation of a subset of these genes using quantitative real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) was done to verify gene expression changes. A total of 109 genes from different functional classifications were identified in these groups on the microarrays. Eight genes were selected for verification as follows: three, Twik-1, Plp, and Adk2, were chosen as genes related to tolerance; another three, Hsp70.2, Bdnf, and Th, were chosen as genes related to resistance to tolerance; and two genes, JunB and Nur77, were selected as candidate genes sensitive to chronic ethanol. The results from the verification experiments indicated that Twik-1, which codes for a potassium channel, was associated with tolerance and appeared to be dependent on the presence of PKCgamma. No genes were confirmed to be related to resistance to tolerance; however, expression of two of these, Hsp70.2 and Th, were found to be sensitive to chronic ethanol and were added to the transcription factors, JunB and Nur77, confirmed by qRT-PCR, as a subset of genes that respond to chronic ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Bowers
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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14
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Maheux J, Ethier I, Rouillard C, Lévesque D. Induction patterns of transcription factors of the nur family (nurr1, nur77, and nor-1) by typical and atypical antipsychotics in the mouse brain: implication for their mechanism of action. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 313:460-73. [PMID: 15615863 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.080184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring gene expression has been intensively used to identify neurobiological and neuroanatomical substrates associated with administration of antipsychotic drugs. Transcription factors of the Nur family (Nurr1, Nur77, and Nor-1) are orphan nuclear receptors that have been recently associated with dopamine neurotransmission. Nurr1 is involved in midbrain dopamine neuron development. Nur77 and Nor-1 are expressed in dopaminoceptive areas such as the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex. To better understand the relationship between Nur and antipsychotic drug effects, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of various typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on the modulation of Nur mRNA levels. We show that differential patterns of Nur expression can be obtained with typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Modulation of Nur77 and Nor-1 mRNA expression by antipsychotics can be used to calculate an index that is predictive of the typical or atypical profile of antipsychotic drugs. Inductions of Nur by anti-psychotic drugs are correlated with dopamine D2 receptor in the striatum and D2 and D3 receptor subtypes in the nucleus accumbens. The 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A/D2 affinity ratio of antipsychotics can also predict these patterns of inductions. In addition to classical gene patterns induced in the striatal complex (striatum, accumbens) and cortex, most antipsychotic drugs tested strongly induced Nur77, Nor-1, and increased Nurr1 mRNA levels in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. These data suggest that typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs might induce in multiple brain regions distinct Nur-dependent transcriptional activities, which may contribute to their pharmacological effects.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology
- Autoradiography
- Brain Chemistry/drug effects
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/drug effects
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Densitometry
- Enkephalins/physiology
- In Situ Hybridization
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neostriatum/drug effects
- Neostriatum/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/drug effects
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2
- Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects
- Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/drug effects
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/drug effects
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D3
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects
- Receptors, Steroid/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Steroid/drug effects
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/drug effects
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Maheux
- Neuroscience Unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Québec, Québec, Canada
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15
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Bhardwaj SK, Beaudry G, Quirion R, Levesque D, Srivastava LK. Neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion leads to reductions in nerve growth factor inducible-B mRNA in the prefrontal cortex and increased amphetamine response in the nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum. Neuroscience 2004; 122:669-76. [PMID: 14622910 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence in schizophrenia suggests prefrontal cortical neuronal deficits that correlate with exaggerated subcortical dopamine (DA) functions: Excitotoxic lesion of the ventral hippocampus (VH) in neonatal rats is widely considered a putative animal model of schizophrenia as they lead to characteristic post-pubertal emergence of behavioral and cognitive abnormalities suggesting a developmental change in the neural circuits comprising the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and subcortical DA. Nerve growth factor inducible-B (NGFI-B, also known as Nur77), an orphan nuclear receptor and transcriptional regulator, is constitutively expressed in the target structures of DA pathways. It acts as an immediate early gene with rapid modulation of its mRNA expression by stress, DA and antipsychotic drugs. The present study assessed the effects of neonatal VH (nVH) lesion and amphetamine treatment on the expression of NGFI-B mRNA in pre- and post-pubertal rats. Sprague-Dawley rat pups received bilateral injection of ibotenic acid or phosphate buffered saline in VH at postnatal (PD) 7. At PD35 and PD56, groups of sham and lesioned animals were administered with D-amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg) or saline and killed 20 min later. In situ hybridization analyses showed that the basal level of NGFI-B mRNA in saline-treated lesioned rats was significantly reduced in the medial PFC (mPFC) and cingulate cortex (CC) only at post-pubertal (PD56) age. No significant difference in NGFI-B mRNA levels was seen in the dorsal striatum or nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Amphetamine treatment increased the expression of NGFI-B mRNA in the mPFC, CC, striatum and NAcc in both control and lesioned animals of both ages. Interestingly, however, striatal and NAcc regions of lesioned rats showed a significantly greater effect of amphetamine at PD56. The data suggest that nVH lesions lead to delayed changes in PFC gene expression along with functional DAergic hyperactivity in subcortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Bhardwaj
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Verdun, Quebec, Canada H4H 1R3
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16
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Ethier I, Beaudry G, St-Hilaire M, Milbrandt J, Rouillard C, Lévesque D. The transcription factor NGFI-B (Nur77) and retinoids play a critical role in acute neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal effect and striatal neuropeptide gene expression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29:335-46. [PMID: 14603264 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive investigation, the cellular mechanisms responsible for neuroleptic actions remain elusive. We have previously shown that neuroleptics modulated the expression of some members of the ligand-activated transcription factors (nuclear receptors) including the nerve-growth factor inducible gene B (NGFI-B or Nur77) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) isoforms. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we investigated the role of NGFI-B and retinoids in acute behavioral and biochemical responses to dopamine antagonists. NGFI-B knockout (KO) mice display a profound alteration of haloperidol-induced catalepsy and striatal neuropeptide gene expression. Haloperidol-induced increase of striatal enkephalin mRNA is totally abolished in NGFI-B KO mice whereas the increase of neurotensin mRNA expression is reduced by 50%. Interestingly, catalepsy induced by raclopride, a specific dopamine D(2)/D(3) antagonist is completely abolished in NGFI-B-deficient mice whereas the cataleptic response to SCH 23390, a dopamine D(1) agonist, is preserved. Accordingly, the effects of haloperidol on striatal c-fos, Nor-1, and dynorphin mRNA expression are also preserved in NGFI-B-deficient mice. The cataleptic response and the increase of enkephalin mRNA expression induced by haloperidol can also be suppressed by administration of retinoid ligands 9-cis retinoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. In addition, we demonstrate that haloperidol enhances colocalization of NGFI-B and RXRgamma1 isoform mRNAs, suggesting that both NGFI-B and a RXR isoform are highly coexpressed after haloperidol administration. Our data demonstrate, for the first time, that NGFI-B and retinoids are actively involved in the molecular cascade induced by neuroleptic drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Alitretinoin
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects
- Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology
- Autoradiography
- Basal Ganglia Diseases/chemically induced
- Basal Ganglia Diseases/genetics
- Basal Ganglia Diseases/metabolism
- Behavior, Animal
- Binding Sites
- Catalepsy/chemically induced
- Catalepsy/genetics
- Catalepsy/metabolism
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Combinations
- Drug Interactions
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Haloperidol/pharmacology
- In Situ Hybridization
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid
- Retinoid X Receptors
- Retinoids/agonists
- Retinoids/physiology
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ethier
- 1Neuroscience Unit, CHUQ Research Center (CHUL), Quebec, Canada
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17
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St-Hilaire M, Tremblay PO, Lévesque D, Barden N, Rouillard C. Effects of cocaine on c-fos and NGFI-B mRNA expression in transgenic mice underexpressing glucocorticoid receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28:478-89. [PMID: 12629527 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Numerous evidences suggest that stress and stress-related hormones can modulate the activity of the brain reward pathway and thus may account for individual vulnerability towards the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. Transgenic (TG) mice expressing an antisense mRNA against the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which partially blocks GR expression, were used to assess the role of GR dysfunction on cocaine (COC)-induced c-fos and Nerve-Growth Factor Inducible-B (NGFI-B, or Nur77) gene expression. These two genes belong to different families of transcription factors and have been shown to be modulated by various dopaminergic drugs. TG and wild-type (WT) mice were both acutely and repeatedly treated with COC (20 mg/kg, i.p.). In the chronic experiment, mice received a 5-day treatment of COC and were challenged 5 days later with COC or vehicle. Locomotor activity was assessed during the entire chronic experiment in the mouse home cages. Animals were sacrificed 1 h after the last injection and NGFI-B and c-fos mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex, the nucleus accumbens and the striatum were measured by in situ hybridization. Acute COC administration led to significantly smaller c-fos increases in TG mice compared to WT, whereas repeated COC treatment potentiated c-fos induction both in TG and WT mice to equivalent levels. TG mice displayed higher basal NGFI-B expression in the nucleus accumbens and the level of NGFI-B mRNA was differently modulated by COC in TG mice compared to WT mice. In accordance with data on c-fos expression, behavioral data indicate a blunted locomotor effect on the first COC injection in TG mice, a phenomenon corrected by the repeated COC treatment. These results suggest that an alteration of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis can modify COC-induced regulation of the transcription factors c-fos and NGFI-B, and that these changes parallel those seen at the behavioral level. It also demonstrates that the differences at the behavioral and molecular levels noted between TG and WT mice after acute COC injection disappear following repeated COC administration, suggesting that repeated COC has a greater impact in TG mice underexpressing GRs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cocaine/pharmacology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Genes, fos/drug effects
- Genes, fos/physiology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/deficiency
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- M St-Hilaire
- Unité de Neuroscience, Centre de recherche du CHUL, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
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18
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Spektor BS, Miller DW, Hollingsworth ZR, Kaneko YA, Solano SM, Johnson JM, Penney JB, Young AB, Luthi-Carter R. Differential D1 and D2 receptor-mediated effects on immediate early gene induction in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 2002; 102:118-28. [PMID: 12191502 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(02)00216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The diminished expression of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors is a well-documented hallmark of Huntington's disease (HD), but relatively little is known about how these changes in receptor populations affect the dopaminergic responses of striatal neurons. Using transgenic mice expressing an N-terminal portion of mutant huntingtin (R6/2 mice), we have examined immediate early gene (IEG) expression as an index of dopaminergic signal transduction. c-fos, jun B, zif268, and N10 mRNA levels and expression patterns were analyzed using quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry following intraperitoneal administration of selective D1 and D2 family pharmacological agents (SKF-82958 and eticlopride). Basal IEG levels were generally lower in the dorsal subregion of R6/2 striata relative to wild-type control striata at 10-11 weeks of age, a finding in accord with previously reported decreases in D1 and adenosine A2A receptors. D2-antagonist-stimulated IEG expression was significantly reduced in the striata of transgenic animals. In contrast, D1-agonist-induced striatal R6/2 IEG mRNA levels were either equivalent or significantly enhanced relative to control levels, an unexpected result given the reduced level of D1 receptors in R6/2 animals. Understanding the functional bases for these effects may further elucidate the complex pathophysiology of Huntington's disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Genes, Immediate-Early/drug effects
- Genes, Immediate-Early/genetics
- Huntingtin Protein
- Huntington Disease/genetics
- Huntington Disease/metabolism
- Huntington Disease/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neostriatum/drug effects
- Neostriatum/metabolism
- Neostriatum/physiopathology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/deficiency
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris S Spektor
- Department of Neurology and Center for Aging, Genetics, and Neurodegeneration, Neurology/B114-2001, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129-4404, USA
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19
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Bäckman C, Morales M. Acute methamphetamine administration upregulates NGFI-B mRNA expression in the striatum: co-localization with c-Fos immunoreactivity. Synapse 2002; 44:158-65. [PMID: 11954047 DOI: 10.1002/syn.10065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of acute methamphetamine administration on expression of the nuclear transcription factor NGFI-B mRNA and its co-localization with c-Fos immunoreactivity in the striatum were evaluated in animals receiving a single dose of methamphetamine (4 mg/kg) given at 2 or 6 h prior to perfusion. All animals received a daily saline injection for 6 days prior to methamphetamine treatment. We have found that, similar to c-fos activation, NGFI-B mRNA levels were significantly increased 2 h after methamphetamine treatment and returned to basal levels 6 h later. Induction of NGFI-B mRNA levels by methamphetamine was highest in central striatum as compared to the dorsomedial distribution pattern observed in control animals. After acute methamphetamine treatment, the distribution pattern of NGFI-B mRNA upregulation was very similar to that of methamphetamine induced c-Fos immunoreactivity. However, co-localization studies with c-Fos immunoreactivity showed that not all NGFI-B-positive cells contained c-Fos after methamphetamine treatment. Forty-five percent of all NGFI-B mRNA expressing neurons contained c-Fos immunoreactivity in the dorsomedial striatum as compared to 60% in central and 35% in ventrolateral striatum. This study provides a detailed description of the differential spatial and temporal modulation of NGFI-B and c-Fos expression in the striatum by acute methamphetamine treatment over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bäckman
- Cellular Neurophysiology, NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
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20
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Langlois MC, Beaudry G, Zekki H, Rouillard C, Lévesque D. Impact of antipsychotic drug administration on the expression of nuclear receptors in the neocortex and striatum of the rat brain. Neuroscience 2002; 106:117-28. [PMID: 11564422 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that the expression of the nerve growth factor-inducible gene B (NGFI-B, or Nur77), a transcription factor belonging to the large ligand-activated nuclear receptor family, is modulated by antipsychotic drugs in the rat forebrain. In the present work, we have investigated the impact of antipsychotic drugs on a series of transcription factors also belonging to the nuclear receptor family. The receptors investigated include retinoid X receptor (RXR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), retinoic acid receptor (RAR), RAR-related orphan receptor (RZR) and Rev-erb receptor isoforms in addition to the NGFI-B transcript. We have used in situ hybridization to monitor their mRNA levels after acute and chronic antipsychotic drug administration. RZRbeta and NGFI-B mRNA levels are down-regulated after chronic haloperidol or clozapine treatment in the primary somatosensory cortex. The TRbeta1 isoform mainly expressed in the cingulate cortex is modulated only after chronic clozapine treatment, whereas TRalpha isoform mRNAs are modulated by both antipsychotics in the cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens shell; two brain areas associated with limbic functions. The RXRgamma1 isoform, mostly expressed in the dorsolateral portion of the striatum is modestly affected by antipsychotics. Modulation of the expression of transcription factors belonging to the ligand-activated nuclear receptor family by antipsychotics represents an additional molecular event in the mechanism of action of these drugs. We suggest that modification of the pattern of transcription factor expression may play a role in long-term cellular responses to these drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Male
- Neocortex/cytology
- Neocortex/drug effects
- Neocortex/metabolism
- Neostriatum/cytology
- Neostriatum/drug effects
- Neostriatum/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
- Protein Isoforms/drug effects
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Melatonin
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Langlois
- Neuroscience Unit, CHUQ Research Center (CHUL), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
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21
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Campbell BM, Gresch PJ, Walker PD. Neonatal dopamine depletion reveals a synergistic mechanism of mRNA regulation that is mediated by dopamine(D1) and serotonin(2) receptors and is targeted to tachykinin neurons of the dorsomedial striatum. Neuroscience 2001; 105:671-80. [PMID: 11516832 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that dopamine(D1) and serotonin(2) receptors become sensitized to agonist-mediated regulation of gene expression following loss of dopaminergic innervation to the striatum. We have previously demonstrated that the combined administration of dopamine(D1) and serotonin(2) receptor agonists to dopamine-depleted adult rats induced preprotachykinin mRNA expression within the periventricular rostral striatum to levels which were significantly different than what could be elicited by either agonist alone. In the present study, we have determined that this phenomenon is revealed only after dopamine depletion. In addition, it is targeted primarily to tachykinin producing neurons of the dorsomedial striatum and is dependent on both dopamine(D1) and serotonin(2) receptor activation. Preprotachykinin mRNA levels in the intact striatum were unaltered 4 h following an i.p. injection of either SKF-38393 (1 mg/kg, dopamine(D1) partial agonist) or (+/-)-1-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI 1 mg/kg, serotonin(2) agonist). However, the combined application of both agonists increased (+44%) preprotachykinin message levels, but these changes were restricted to the dorsomedial striatum. In adult animals depleted of dopamine as neonates, striatal preprotachykinin mRNA expression was reduced by approximately 50%. From this lowered level of basal expression, DOI or SKF-38393 raised preprotachykinin mRNA levels within the dorsomedial, but not the dorsolateral striatum. Furthermore, co-stimulation of dopamine(D1) and serotonin(2) receptors produced a nearly four-fold induction of preprotachykinin message levels in the dorsomedial striatum that was significantly greater than either agonist alone. Application of both agonists also elevated preprotachykinin mRNA expression within the dorsolateral striatum, but to a lesser extent. All increases in preprotachykinin mRNA resulting from co-application of SKF-38393 and DOI were prevented by pretreatment with either SCH-23390 (1 mg/kg, dopamine(D1) antagonist) or ritanserin (1 mg/kg, serotonin(2) antagonist). Alternately, preproenkephalin mRNA expression was unaffected by dopamine(D1) receptor stimulation, but was slightly elevated by DOI or both agonists together (42-58%) in intact animals. However, neither agonist treatment in this experiment significantly altered preproenkephalin mRNA expression in the dopamine-depleted striatum which was elevated in response to dopamine lesion alone. Dopamine depletion appears to promote a synergistic interaction between dopamine(D1) and serotonin(2) receptors that leads to enhanced expression of striatal preprotachykinin mRNA levels. The localization of this phenomenon to tachykinin neurons of the direct striatonigral pathway specifically within the dorsomedial regions of the rostral striatum may be relevant to the problem of dyskinetic behaviors which arise during the pharmacological treatment of movement disorders.
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MESH Headings
- 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism
- Aging/physiology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn/metabolism
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Drug Synergism
- Enkephalins/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- Male
- Movement Disorders/drug therapy
- Movement Disorders/metabolism
- Movement Disorders/physiopathology
- Neostriatum/drug effects
- Neostriatum/growth & development
- Neostriatum/metabolism
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Oxidopamine/pharmacology
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Tachykinins/biosynthesis
- Tachykinins/drug effects
- Tachykinins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Campbell
- Cellular and Clinical Neurobiology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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22
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Bäckman C, Hoffer BJ, Misawa H, Morales M. Cellular mRNA expression of the transcription factor NGFI-B suggests a gene regulatory role in striatal opiate-peptide neurons. Brain Res 2001; 903:26-32. [PMID: 11382384 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that NGFI-B mRNA is highly expressed in the adult striatum. In the present study we analyzed the anatomical distribution of NGFI-B mRNA within this brain region as well as the degree of co-existence of NGFI-B with different striatal markers in the adult brain. NGFI-B mRNA levels were found to be significantly higher within the dorsomedial portion of the striatum as compared to the ventrolateral striatum. This distribution pattern was maintained throughout the rostro--caudal axis of the striatum. Double in situ hybridization studies showed that striatal NGFI-B mRNA colocalized with a subset of preproenkephalin and prodynorphin positive spiny neurons within the dorsomedial striatum; 22--28% of all opiate-peptide positive cells co-expressed NGFI-B mRNA. NGFI-B did not colocalize with striatal aspiny interneurons expressing choline acetyl transferase mRNA or those containing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin. The pattern of NGFI-B mRNA expression within different striatal spiny projecting neurons suggests that this transcription factor may have a direct effect on the function of different striatal efferent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bäckman
- Cellular Neurophysiology, National Institute on Drug Abuse/NIH, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Beaudry G, Langlois MC, Weppe I, Rouillard C, Lévesque D. Contrasting patterns and cellular specificity of transcriptional regulation of the nuclear receptor nerve growth factor-inducible B by haloperidol and clozapine in the rat forebrain. J Neurochem 2000; 75:1694-702. [PMID: 10987852 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0751694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the possible involvement of members of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors in the effects of antipsychotic drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia. We have identified, using RT-PCR screening, an important modulation of nerve growth factor-inducible B (NGFI-B) mRNA levels by typical and atypical neuroleptics in the rat forebrain. NGFI-B, a member of the nuclear receptor family, can be observed in target structures of dopaminergic pathways. Using in situ hybridization, we also demonstrate that typical and atypical antipsychotics induced contrasting patterns of expression of NGFI-B after both acute and chronic administration. An acute treatment with clozapine or haloperidol induces high NGFI-B mRNA levels in the prefrontal and cingulate cortices and in the nucleus accumbens shell. However, haloperidol, but not clozapine, dramatically increases NGFI-B expression in the dorsolateral striatum. In contrast, chronic treatment with clozapine reduces NGFI-B expression below basal levels in the rat forebrain, whereas haloperidol still induces high NGFI-B mRNA levels in the dorsolateral striatum. Finally, using a double in situ hybridization technique, we show that acute administration of both neuroleptics increases NGFI-B expression in neurotensin-containing neurons in the nucleus accumbens shell, whereas the effects of haloperidol in the dorsolateral striatum are mainly observed in enkephalin-containing neurons. These results are the first demonstration that members of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors could play an important role in the effects of antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Beaudry
- Unité de Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Québec, and Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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