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Mustokoweni S, Mahyudin F, Setiawati R, Nugrahenny D, Hidayat M, Kalim H, Mintaroem K, Fitri LE, Hogendoorn PCW. Correlation of High-Grade Osteosarcoma Response to Chemotherapy with Enhanced Tissue Immunological Response: Analysis of CD95R, IFN-γ, Catalase, Hsp70, and VEGF. Virchows Arch 2024; 484:925-937. [PMID: 38748263 PMCID: PMC11186924 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-024-03801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
High-grade osteosarcoma, a primary malignant bone tumour, is experiencing a global increase in reported incidence with varied prevalence. Despite advances in management, which include surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy often an unsatisfactory outcome is found due to poor or heterogeneous response to chemotherapy. Our study delved into chemotherapy responses in osteosarcoma patients and associated molecular expressions, focusing on CD95 receptor (CD95R), interferon (IFN)-γ, catalase, heat-shock protein (Hsp)70, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Employing immunohistochemistry and Huvos grading of post-chemo specimens, we analysed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) osteosarcoma tissue of resected post-chemotherapy specimens from Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia (DSGAH), spanning from 2016 to 2020. Results revealed varied responses (poor 40.38%, moderate 48.08%, good 11.54%) and distinct patterns in CD95R, IFN-γ, catalase, Hsp70, and VEGF expression. Significant differences among response groups were observed in CD95R and IFN-γ expression in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. The trend of diminishing CD95R expression from poor to good responses, accompanied by an increase in IFN-γ, implied a reduction in the count of viable osteosarcoma cells with the progression of Huvos grading. Catalase expression in osteosarcoma cells was consistently elevated in the poor response group, while Hsp70 expression was highest. VEGF expression in macrophages was significantly higher in the good response group. In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of immune-chemotherapy interactions in osteosarcoma and identifies potential biomarkers for targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjahjenny Mustokoweni
- Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr, Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 6-8, Airlangga, Gubeng, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Ferdiansyah Mahyudin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr, Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rosy Setiawati
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr, Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dian Nugrahenny
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Hidayat
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya/Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Handono Kalim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya/Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Karyono Mintaroem
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Loeki Enggar Fitri
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Pancras C W Hogendoorn
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr, Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 6-8, Airlangga, Gubeng, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Somu P, Basavegowda N, Gomez LA, Jayaprakash HV, Puneetha GK, Yadav AK, Paul S, Baek KH. Crossroad between the Heat Shock Protein and Inflammation Pathway in Acquiring Drug Resistance: A Possible Target for Future Cancer Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2639. [PMID: 37893013 PMCID: PMC10604354 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) against chemotherapeutic agents has become a major impediment in cancer therapy. Understanding the underlying mechanism behind MDR can guide future treatment for cancer with better therapeutic outcomes. Recent studies evidenced that crossroads interaction between the heat shock proteins (HSP) and inflammatory responses under the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in modulating drug responsiveness and drug resistance through a complex cytological process. This review aims to investigate the interrelationship between inflammation and HSP in acquiring multiple drug resistance and investigate strategies to overcome the drug resistance to improve the efficacy of cancer treatment. HSP plays a dual regulatory effect as an immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory agent, involving the simultaneous blockade of multiple signaling pathways in acquiring MDR. For example, HSP27 shows biological effects on monocytes by causing IL10 and TNFα secretion and blocking monocyte differentiation to normal dendritic cells and tumor-associated macrophages to promote cancer progression and chemoresistance. Thus, the HSP function and immune-checkpoint release modalities provide a therapeutic target for a therapeutically beneficial approach for enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. The interconnection between inflammation and HSP, along with the tumor microenvironment in acquiring drug resistance, has become crucial for rationalizing the effect of HSP immunomodulatory activity with immune checkpoint blockade. This relationship can overcome drug resistance and assist in the development of novel combinatorial cancer immunotherapy in fighting cancer with decreasing mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathap Somu
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, School of Civil & Chemical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur 303007, India;
| | - Nagaraj Basavegowda
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38451, Republic of Korea;
| | - Levin Anbu Gomez
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Bioscience, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641114, India;
| | | | | | - Akhilesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan;
| | - Subhankar Paul
- Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38451, Republic of Korea;
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Vaes RDW, Hendriks LEL, Vooijs M, De Ruysscher D. Biomarkers of Radiotherapy-Induced Immunogenic Cell Death. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040930. [PMID: 33920544 PMCID: PMC8073519 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) can induce an immunogenic variant of regulated cell death that can initiate clinically relevant tumor-targeting immune responses. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is accompanied by the exposure and release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), chemokine release, and stimulation of type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. In recent years, intensive research has unraveled major mechanistic aspects of RT-induced ICD and has resulted in the identification of immunogenic factors that are released by irradiated tumor cells. However, so far, only a limited number of studies have searched for potential biomarkers that can be used to predict if irradiated tumor cells undergo ICD that can elicit an effective immunogenic anti-tumor response. In this article, we summarize the available literature on potential biomarkers of RT-induced ICD that have been evaluated in cancer patients. Additionally, we discuss the clinical relevance of these findings and important aspects that should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne D. W. Vaes
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.V.); (D.D.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)43-388-1585
| | - Lizza E. L. Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.V.); (D.D.R.)
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.V.); (D.D.R.)
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Lallier M, Marchandet L, Moukengue B, Charrier C, Baud’huin M, Verrecchia F, Ory B, Lamoureux F. Molecular Chaperones in Osteosarcoma: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Issues. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040754. [PMID: 33808130 PMCID: PMC8067202 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common form of primary bone tumor affecting mainly children and young adults. Despite therapeutic progress, the 5-year survival rate is 70%, but it drops drastically to 30% for poor responders to therapies or for patients with metastases. Identifying new therapeutic targets is thus essential. Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are the main effectors of Heat Shock Response (HSR), the expression of which is induced by stressors. HSPs are a large family of proteins involved in the folding and maturation of other proteins in order to maintain proteostasis. HSP overexpression is observed in many cancers, including breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, and ovarian, as well as OS. In this article we reviewed the significant role played by HSPs in molecular mechanisms leading to OS development and progression. HSPs are directly involved in OS cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, migration, and drug resistance. We focused on HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 and summarized their potential clinical uses in OS as either biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic targets. Finally, based on different types of cancer, we consider the advantage of targeting heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), the major transcriptional regulator of HSPs in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Lallier
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - Louise Marchandet
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - Brice Moukengue
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - Celine Charrier
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - Marc Baud’huin
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
- CHU Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - Benjamin Ory
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - François Lamoureux
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Adamo A, Frusteri C, Pallotta MT, Pirali T, Sartoris S, Ugel S. Moonlighting Proteins Are Important Players in Cancer Immunology. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613069. [PMID: 33584695 PMCID: PMC7873856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity and adaptation to environmental stress are the main features that tumor and immune system share. Except for intrinsic and high-defined properties, cancer and immune cells need to overcome the opponent's defenses by activating more effective signaling networks, based on common elements such as transcriptional factors, protein-based complexes and receptors. Interestingly, growing evidence point to an increasing number of proteins capable of performing diverse and unpredictable functions. These multifunctional proteins are defined as moonlighting proteins. During cancer progression, several moonlighting proteins are involved in promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment by reprogramming immune cells to support tumor growth and metastatic spread. Conversely, other moonlighting proteins support tumor antigen presentation and lymphocytes activation, leading to several anti-cancer immunological responses. In this light, moonlighting proteins could be used as promising new potential targets for improving current cancer therapies. In this review, we describe in details 12 unprecedented moonlighting proteins that during cancer progression play a decisive role in guiding cancer-associated immunomodulation by shaping innate or adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Adamo
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Frusteri
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Krawczyk MA, Pospieszynska A, Styczewska M, Bien E, Sawicki S, Marino Gammazza A, Fucarino A, Gorska-Ponikowska M. Extracellular Chaperones as Novel Biomarkers of Overall Cancer Progression and Efficacy of Anticancer Therapy. APPLIED SCIENCES 2020; 10:6009. [DOI: 10.3390/app10176009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Exosomal heat shock proteins (Hsps) are involved in intercellular communication both in physiological and pathological conditions. They play a role in key processes of carcinogenesis including immune system regulation, cell differentiation, vascular homeostasis and metastasis formation. Thus, exosomal Hsps are emerging biomarkers of malignancies and possible therapeutic targets. Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are patients aged 15–39 years. This age group, placed between pediatric and adult oncology, pose a particular challenge for cancer management. New biomarkers of cancer growth and progression as well as prognostic factors are desperately needed in AYAs. In this review, we attempted to summarize the current knowledge on the role of exosomal Hsps in selected solid tumors characteristic for the AYA population and/or associated with poor prognosis in this age group. These included malignant melanoma, brain tumors, and breast, colorectal, thyroid, hepatocellular, lung and gynecological tract carcinomas. The studies on exosomal Hsps in these tumors are limited; however; some have provided promising results. Although further research is needed, there is potential for future clinical applications of exosomal Hsps in AYA cancers, both as novel biomarkers of disease presence, progression or relapse, or as therapeutic targets or tools for drug delivery.
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Membrane-Associated Heat Shock Proteins in Oncology: From Basic Research to New Theranostic Targets. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051263. [PMID: 32443761 PMCID: PMC7290778 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) constitute a large family of conserved proteins acting as molecular chaperones that play a key role in intracellular protein homeostasis, regulation of apoptosis, and protection from various stress factors (including hypoxia, thermal stress, oxidative stress). Apart from their intracellular localization, members of different HSP families such as small HSPs, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 have been found to be localized on the plasma membrane of malignantly transformed cells. In the current article, the role of membrane-associated molecular chaperones in normal and tumor cells is comprehensively reviewed with implications of these proteins as plausible targets for cancer therapy and diagnostics.
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Significance of unphosphorylated and phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 as a prognostic biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:1125-1137. [PMID: 32200459 PMCID: PMC7142055 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Few studies reported about the potential of unphosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (pHSP27) as a predictor for survival and gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we analysed the expression patterns of pHSP27 and HSP27 in a patient population after surgery and correlated the immunohistochemical results with clinicopathological data and long-term outcome of the patients. Methods HSP27 and pHSP27 (Ser-15, Ser-78 and Ser-82) protein expression were analysed by immunohistochemistry using the immunoreactive score (IRS) from paraffin-embedded tissue of 106 patients with PDAC who underwent surgery. Immunohistochemical results were correlated with clinicopathological data, disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results HSP27 expression was significantly lower in patients with a shorter OS (p = 0.006) and DFS (p < 0.0001). A higher HSP27 expression was associated with a better response to gemcitabine in the resected, non-metastasised patients group (p = 0.001). Furthermore, HSP27 was downregulated in patients suffering from metastases at time of surgery (p < 0.001) and in undifferentiated tumours (p = 0.007). In contrast, pHSP27-Ser15, -Ser78 and -Ser82 were not associated with any survival data of the study population. Conclusion HSP27 seems to be a strong indicator for the prediction of OS and DFS. Moreover, HSP27 could play a role in the formation and migration of liver metastases of PDAC.
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Li J, Bi J, Zhao X, Yao P, Liu Y, Bi W. [Evaluation of total scapular arthroplasty after total scapulectomy for scapular tumors]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:179-183. [PMID: 32030948 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201907016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of total scapular arthroplasty after total scapulectomy for scapular tumors. Methods A clinical data of 17 patients with scapular tumors treated with total scapulectomy and total scapular arthroplasty between January 2010 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 9 males and 8 females with an average age of 34.4 years (range, 13-64 years). Seven patients were diagnosed with chondrosarcoma, 3 with osteosarcoma, 2 with Ewing's sarcoma, 1 with high-grade sarcoma, 1 with polymorphic dedifferentiated sarcoma, 1 with fibrosarcoma, 1 with plasmacytoma, and 1 with bone giant cell tumor. According to the surgical staging system described by Enneking et al, 1 patient was rated as stage 3, 8 as stageⅠB, 8 as stageⅡB. According to the classifications of shoulder girdle resections of Malawer et al, 11 patients were type ⅢB, 5 were type ⅣB, 1 was type ⅥB. The disease duration ranged from 0.5 to 8.0 months (mean, 3.2 months) and tumor size ranged from 11.0 cm×7.5 cm×6.0 cm to 18.5 cm×18.0 cm×12.5 cm. The 1993 Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) upper limb function scoring system and shoulder mobility were used to evaluate postoperative shoulder joint function. Tumor recurrence and metastases were monitored by radiograph. Results Poor superficial incision healing occurred in 1 patient, the rest incisions achieved healing by first intention. All patients were followed up 20-72 months (mean, 45.4 months). Two of the 17 patients died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by tumor metastases; 3 patients suffered from pulmonary metastases and were alive with disease. No local recurrence occurred in all patients. The overall survival rate was 88.2% (15/17) and the disease-free survival rate was 70.6% (12/17). Rib fracture after trauma, aseptic loosening, and atrophy of the deltoid muscle occurred in 1, 1, and 1 case, respectively. The other related complication was not observed. At last follow-up, the MSTS score was 26.1±1.4, and the flexion, extension, and abduction range of motion of shoulder joint were (70.0±7.5), (31.2±11.3), and (54.4 ±12.5) °, respectively. Conclusion Reconstruction with total scapular arthroplasty after total scapulectomy can obtain a satisfactory shoulder contour and an acceptable functional outcomes in patients with scapular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P.R.China
| | - Jingyou Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P.R.China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P.R.China
| | - Peng Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P.R.China;Xinxiang Detachment of Henan General Corps of Chinese People's Armed Police, Xinxiang Henan, 453000, P.R.China
| | - Yatao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P.R.China
| | - Wenzhi Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P.R.China
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Yang Q, Chen T, Yao Z, Zhang X. Prognostic value of pre-treatment Naples prognostic score (NPS) in patients with osteosarcoma. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:24. [PMID: 32000789 PMCID: PMC6993441 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-1789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of pre-treatment Naples prognostic score (NPS) in patients with osteosarcoma. METHODS The clinical data of 133 osteosarcoma patients between January 2011 and February 2018 in our hospital was retrospectively collected and analyzed. NPS was calculated from four parameters, including serum albumin level, serum total cholesterol (TC), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Patients were divided into three groups (group 1-3) based on NPS. The relationships between NPS and clinical features, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. Two prediction models based on NPS and clinical parameters were developed: clinical parameters model (model A), and the combined model of NPS and clinical parameters (model B). Their predictive performances were further evaluated and compared. RESULTS The median follow-up time of this cohort was 46.0 (range, 5-75) months, while the median OS and PFS was 40 (range, 5-75) months and 36 (range, 5-71) months, respectively. NPS was significantly correlated with gender, tumor location, Enneking stage, pathological fracture, local recurrence, and metastasis (all P < 0.05). Variables of NPS, Enneking stage, local recurrence, metastasis, and NLR were confirmed as independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. Prediction model B obtained larger AUCs for OS and PFS and showed better consistency between nomogram-predicted and actual survival than that of model A at the follow-up time of 1-, 3-, and 5-year. CONCLUSIONS NPS was a novel, reliable, and multidimensional prognostic scoring system with favorable predictive performance for patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Yang
- Department Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongxiang Yao
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China.
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Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:3267207. [PMID: 31885572 PMCID: PMC6927063 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3267207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved molecular chaperones with divergent roles in various cellular processes. The HSPs are classified according to their molecular size as HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90. The HSPs prevent nonspecific cellular aggregation of proteins by maintaining their native folding energetics. The disruption of this vital cellular process, driven by the aberrant expression of HSPs, is implicated in the progression of several different carcinomas. Many HSPs are also actively involved in promoting the proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells, contributing to their metastatic phenotype. Upregulation of these HSPs is associated with the poor outcome of anticancer therapy in clinical settings. On the other hand, these highly expressed HSPs may be exploited as viable immunotherapeutic targets for different types of cancers. This review discusses recent advances and perspectives on the research of HSP-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Tan S, Khumalo N, Bayat A. Understanding Keloid Pathobiology From a Quasi-Neoplastic Perspective: Less of a Scar and More of a Chronic Inflammatory Disease With Cancer-Like Tendencies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1810. [PMID: 31440236 PMCID: PMC6692789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloids are considered as benign fibroproliferative skin tumors growing beyond the site of the original dermal injury. Although traditionally viewed as a form of skin scarring, keloids display many cancer-like characteristics such as progressive uncontrolled growth, lack of spontaneous regression and extremely high rates of recurrence. Phenotypically, keloids are consistent with non-malignant dermal tumors that are due to the excessive overproduction of collagen which never metastasize. Within the remit of keloid pathobiology, there is increasing evidence for the various interplay of neoplastic-promoting and suppressing factors, which may explain its aggressive clinical behavior. Amongst the most compelling parallels between keloids and cancer are their shared cellular bioenergetics, epigenetic methylation profiles and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition amongst other disease biological (genotypic and phenotypic) behaviors. This review explores the quasi-neoplastic or cancer-like properties of keloids and highlights areas for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvian Tan
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Centre for Dermatology Research, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nonhlanhla Khumalo
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Centre for Dermatology Research, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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13
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Kawabata T, Tokuda H, Sakai G, Fujita K, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Kuroyanagi G, Otsuka T, Kozawa O. HSP70 Inhibitor Suppresses IGF-I-Stimulated Migration of Osteoblasts through p44/p42 MAP Kinase. Biomedicines 2018; 6:E109. [PMID: 30469446 PMCID: PMC6316248 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6040109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperone in a variety of cells including osteoblasts. We previously showed that insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) elicits migration of osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells through the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. In the present study, we investigated the effects of HSP70 inhibitors on the IGF-I-elicited migration of these cells and the mechanism involved. The IGF-I-stimulated osteoblast migration evaluated by a wound-healing assay and by a transwell cell migration was significantly reduced by VER-155008 and YM-08, which are both HSP70 inhibitors. VER-155008 markedly suppressed the IGF-I-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase without affecting that of Akt. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that the HSP70 inhibitor reduces the IGF-I-elicited migration of osteoblasts via the p44/p42 MAP kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Kawabata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Toyokawa City Hospital, Toyokawa 442-8561, Japan.
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Go Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Fujita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | | | - Gen Kuroyanagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Takanobu Otsuka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
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14
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Sannino S, Guerriero CJ, Sabnis AJ, Stolz DB, Wallace CT, Wipf P, Watkins SC, Bivona TG, Brodsky JL. Compensatory increases of select proteostasis networks after Hsp70 inhibition in cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.217760. [PMID: 30131440 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells thrive when challenged with proteotoxic stress by inducing components of the protein folding, proteasome, autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. Consequently, specific molecular chaperones have been validated as targets for anti-cancer therapies. For example, inhibition of Hsp70 family proteins (hereafter Hsp70) in rhabdomyosarcoma triggers UPR induction and apoptosis. To define how these cancer cells respond to compromised proteostasis, we compared rhabdomyosarcoma cells that were sensitive (RMS13) or resistant (RMS13-R) to the Hsp70 inhibitor MAL3-101. We discovered that endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and autophagy were activated in RMS13-R cells, suggesting that resistant cells overcome Hsp70 ablation by increasing misfolded protein degradation. Indeed, RMS13-R cells degraded ERAD substrates more rapidly than RMS cells and induced the autophagy pathway. Surprisingly, inhibition of the proteasome or ERAD had no effect on RMS13-R cell survival, but silencing of select autophagy components or treatment with autophagy inhibitors restored MAL3-101 sensitivity and led to apoptosis. These data indicate a route through which cancer cells overcome a chaperone-based therapy, define how cells can adapt to Hsp70 inhibition, and demonstrate the value of combined chaperone and autophagy-based therapies.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sannino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | | | - Amit J Sabnis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Donna Beer Stolz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Callen T Wallace
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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15
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Duarte BDP, Bonatto D. The heat shock protein 47 as a potential biomarker and a therapeutic agent in cancer research. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:2319-2328. [PMID: 30128672 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is an important chaperone required for the correct folding and secretion of collagen. Several studies revealed that HSP47 has a role in numerous steps of collagen synthesis, preventing procollagen aggregation and inducing hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues. HSP47 is encoded by the SERPINH1 gene, which is located on chromosome 11q13.5, one of the most frequently amplified regions in human cancer. The altered expression levels of HSP47 have been correlated with several types of cancer, such as cervical, breast, pancreatic and gastric cancers. Studies have shown that HSP47 promotes tumor angiogenesis, growth, migration and metastatic capacity. In this review, we highlight the fundamental aspects of the interaction between HSP47 and collagen and the recent discoveries of the role of this chaperone in different types of malignant neoplasias. We also discuss recent treatments using HSP47 as a therapeutic target, and present evidences that HSP47 is an essential protein for cancer biology and a potential molecular target for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dal Pont Duarte
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia da UFRGS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43421, Sala 107, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 91509-900, Brazil.
| | - Diego Bonatto
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia da UFRGS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43421, Sala 107, Caixa Postal 15005, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 91509-900, Brazil
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16
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Livingston JA, Wang WL, Tsai JW, Lazar AJ, Leung CH, Lin H, Advani S, Daw N, Santiago-O'Farrill J, Hollomon M, Gordon NB, Kleinerman ES. Analysis of HSP27 and the Autophagy Marker LC3B + Puncta Following Preoperative Chemotherapy Identifies High-Risk Osteosarcoma Patients. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1315-1323. [PMID: 29592877 PMCID: PMC5984702 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced autophagy is a proposed mechanism of chemoresistance and potential therapeutic target in osteosarcoma. We evaluated heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and autophagy-related proteins as predictors of pathologic treatment response and prognostic markers among osteosarcoma patients who received standard chemotherapy. We analyzed 394 tumor specimens (pre-treatment, post-treatment, and metastases) from 260 osteosarcoma patients by immunohistochemistry for cytoplasmic light chain 3B (LC3B)-positive puncta, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and HSP27 expression. The staining percentage and intensity for each marker were scored and the extent to which marker expression was correlated with pathologic response, relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) was assessed. LCB3+ puncta in post-treatment primary tumors (50%) and metastases (67%) was significantly higher than in pre-treatment biopsy specimens (30%; P = 0.023 and <0.001). Among 215 patients with localized osteosarcoma, both pre-treatment [multivariate hazard ratio (HR), 26.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.47-484; P = 0.026] and post-treatment HSP27 expression (multivariate HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.03-3.33; P = 0.039) were associated with worse OS. Lack of LC3B+ puncta at resection was an independent poor prognostic marker in both univariate (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.05-3.03; P = 0.034) and multivariate models (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.01-3.04; P = 0.045). Patients with LC3B+/HSP27- tumors at resection had the best 10-year OS (75%) whereas patients with LC3B-/HSP27+ tumors had the worst 10-year survival (25%). Neither HSP27 expression nor the presence of LCB3+ puncta was correlated with pathologic treatment response. Our findings establish HSP27 expression and LC3B+ puncta as independent prognostic markers in osteosarcoma patients receiving standard chemotherapy and support further investigation into strategies targeting HSP27 or modulating autophagy in osteosarcoma treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(6); 1315-23. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrew Livingston
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cheuk Hong Leung
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Heather Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shailesh Advani
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Najat Daw
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Mario Hollomon
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas
| | - Nancy B Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eugenie S Kleinerman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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17
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Stangl S, Tontcheva N, Sievert W, Shevtsov M, Niu M, Schmid TE, Pigorsch S, Combs SE, Haller B, Balermpas P, Rödel F, Rödel C, Fokas E, Krause M, Linge A, Lohaus F, Baumann M, Tinhofer I, Budach V, Stuschke M, Grosu AL, Abdollahi A, Debus J, Belka C, Maihöfer C, Mönnich D, Zips D, Multhoff G. Heat shock protein 70 and tumor-infiltrating NK cells as prognostic indicators for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck after radiochemotherapy: A multicentre retrospective study of the German Cancer Consortium Radiation Oncology Group (DKTK-ROG). Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1911-1925. [PMID: 29235112 PMCID: PMC5873418 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells frequently overexpress heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and present it on their cell surface, where it can be recognized by pre-activated NK cells. In our retrospective study the expression of Hsp70 was determined in relation to tumor-infiltrating CD56+ NK cells in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor specimens of patients with SCCHN (N = 145) as potential indicators for survival and disease recurrence. All patients received radical surgery and postoperative cisplatin-based radiochemotherapy (RCT). In general, Hsp70 expression was stronger, but with variable intensities, in tumor compared to normal tissues. Patients with high Hsp70 expressing tumors (scores 3-4) showed significantly decreased overall survival (OS; p = 0.008), local progression-free survival (LPFS; p = 0.034) and distant metastases-free survival (DMFS; p = 0.044), compared to those with low Hsp70 expression (scores 0-2), which remained significant after adjustment for relevant prognostic variables. The adverse prognostic value of a high Hsp70 expression for OS was also observed in patient cohorts with p16- (p = 0.001), p53- (p = 0.0003) and HPV16 DNA-negative (p = 0.001) tumors. The absence or low numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD56+ NK cells also correlated with significantly decreased OS (p = 0.0001), LPFS (p = 0.0009) and DMFS (p = 0.0001). A high Hsp70 expression and low numbers of tumor-infiltrating NK cells have the highest negative predictive value (p = 0.00004). In summary, a strong Hsp70 expression and low numbers of tumor-infiltrating NK cells correlate with unfavorable outcome following surgery and RCT in patients with SCCHN, and thus serve as negative prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stangl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (HMGU), Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Sievert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (HMGU), Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (HMGU), Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Minli Niu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas E Schmid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (HMGU), Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Steffi Pigorsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (HMGU), Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (HMGU), Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Balermpas
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claus Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Fokas
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- OncoRay - National Centre for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annett Linge
- OncoRay - National Centre for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Lohaus
- OncoRay - National Centre for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- OncoRay - National Centre for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inge Tinhofer
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Budach
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion Therapy Centre (HIT), Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Centre for Radiation Research Oncology (NCRO), University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,National Centre for Radiation Research Oncology (NCRO), University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group (CCG) Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelius Maihöfer
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,National Centre for Radiation Research Oncology (NCRO), University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group (CCG) Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - David Mönnich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,DKTK Consortium Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,DKTK Consortium Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (HMGU), Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Research Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
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18
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Abstract
The efficient production, folding, and secretion of proteins is critical for cancer cell survival. However, cancer cells thrive under stress conditions that damage proteins, so many cancer cells overexpress molecular chaperones that facilitate protein folding and target misfolded proteins for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome or autophagy pathway. Stress response pathway induction is also important for cancer cell survival. Indeed, validated targets for anti-cancer treatments include molecular chaperones, components of the unfolded protein response, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and autophagy. We will focus on links between breast cancer and these processes, as well as the development of drug resistance, relapse, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A320 Langley Hall, 4249 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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19
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Mori Y, Terauchi R, Shirai T, Tsuchida S, Mizoshiri N, Arai Y, Kishida T, Fujiwara H, Mazda O, Kubo T. Suppression of heat shock protein 70 by siRNA enhances the antitumor effects of cisplatin in cultured human osteosarcoma cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:699-706. [PMID: 28466152 PMCID: PMC5573688 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although advances in chemotherapy have improved the prognosis for osteosarcoma, some patients do not respond sufficiently to treatment. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is expressed at high levels in cancer cells and attenuates the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer agents, resulting in a poorer prognosis. This study investigated whether small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated inhibition of Hsp70 expression in an osteosarcoma cell line would enhance sensitivity to cisplatin. The expression of Hsp70 with cisplatin treatment was observed by using Western blotting and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Changes in the IC50 of cisplatin when Hsp70 was inhibited by siRNA were evaluated. Cisplatin's effectiveness in inducing apoptosis was assessed by assay of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), caspase-3 activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Up-regulation of Hsp70 expression was dependent on the concentration of cisplatin. Inhibition of Hsp70 expression significantly reduced the IC50 of cisplatin. When cisplatin was added to osteosarcoma cells with Hsp70 expression inhibited, a significant increase in apoptosis was demonstrated in TUNEL, caspase-3, and mitochondrial membrane potential assays. Inhibition of Hsp70 expression induced apoptosis in cultured osteosarcoma cells, indicating that Hsp70 inhibition enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin. Inhibition of Hsp70 expression may provide a new adjuvant therapy for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mori
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ryu Terauchi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Shirai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Shinji Tsuchida
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naoki Mizoshiri
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Arai
- Department of Sports and Para-Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tsunao Kishida
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kubo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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20
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Liang GH, Liu N, He MT, Yang J, Liang ZJ, Gao XJ, Rahhal AH, He QY, Zhang HT, Zha ZG. Transcriptional regulation of Runx2 by HSP90 controls osteosarcoma apoptosis via the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:948-959. [PMID: 28681940 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most malignant primary bone tumor in children and adolescents with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Recently, aberrant expression of Runx2 has been found in OS, thereby contributing to the development, and progression of OS. However, the upstream signaling molecules that regulate its expression in OS remain largely unknown. In the present study, we first confirmed that the inhibition of HSP90 with 17-AAG caused significant apoptosis of OS cells via a caspase-3-dependent mechanism, and that inhibition or knockdown of HSP90 by 17-AAG or siRNAs significantly suppressed mRNA and protein expression of Runx2. Furthermore, we provided evidence that Runx2 was transcriptionally regulated by HSP90 when using MG132 and CHX chase assay. We also demonstrated that β-catenin was overexpressed in OS tissue, and that knockdown of β-catenin induced pronounced apoptosis of OS cells in the presence or absence of 17-AAG. Interestingly, this phenomenon was accompanied with a significant reduction of Runx2 and Cyclin D1 expression, indicating an essential role of Runx2/Cyclin D1 in 17-AAG-induced cells apoptosis. Moreover, we demonstrated that the apoptosis of OS cells induced by 17-AAG did require the involvement of the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway by using pharmacological inhibitor GSK-3β (LiCl) or siGSK-3β. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism that Runx2 is transcriptionally regulated by HSP90 via the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, and by which leads to apoptosis of OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hong Liang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ning Liu
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ming-Tang He
- Longgang Orthopedics Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zu-Jian Liang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xue-Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ali Hasan Rahhal
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huan-Tian Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhen-Gang Zha
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
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21
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Santiago-O'Farrill JM, Kleinerman ES, Hollomon MG, Livingston A, Wang WL, Tsai JW, Gordon NB. Phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 as a potential biomarker to predict the role of chemotherapy-induced autophagy in osteosarcoma response to therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1602-1616. [PMID: 29416717 PMCID: PMC5788585 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process involved in cellular homeostasis. Autophagy is increased above homeostatic levels by chemotherapy, and this can either promote or inhibit tumor growth. We previously demonstrated that aerosol gemcitabine (GCB) has a therapeutic effect against osteosarcoma (OS) lung metastases. However, some tumor cells failed to respond to the treatment and persisted as isolated lung metastasis. Here, we examined the mechanisms underlying the dual role of chemotherapy-induced autophagy in OS and sought to identify biomarkers to predict OS response to treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of various OS cells with GCB induced autophagy. We also showed that GCB reduces the phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR and p70S6K and that GCB-induced autophagy in OS can lead to either cell survival or cell death. Blocking autophagy enhanced the sensitivity of LM7 OS cells and decreased the sensitivity of CCH-OS-D and K7M3 OS cells to GCB. Using a kinase array, we also demonstrated that differences in the phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (p-HSP27) expression in the various OS cell lines after treatment with GCB, correlates to whether chemotherapy-induced autophagy will lead to increase or decrease OS cells sensitivity to therapy. Increased p-HSP27 was associated with increased sensitivity to anticancer drug treatment when autophagy is inhibited. The results of this study reveal a dual role of autophagy in OS cells sensitivity to chemotherapy and suggest that p-HSP27 could represent a predictive biomarker of whether combination therapy with autophagy modulators and chemotherapeutic drugs will be beneficial for OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenie S Kleinerman
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mario G Hollomon
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew Livingston
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nancy B Gordon
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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22
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Wu J, Guo A, Li Q, Wang D. Meta-analysis of clinical significance of p53 protein expression in patients with osteosarcoma. Future Oncol 2017; 13:1883-1891. [PMID: 28766969 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The prognostic role of p53 protein expression in osteosarcoma has been reported, but the results remain conflicting. MATERIALS & METHODS The relevant literature databases were searched to get eligible articles published in English. The overall ORs or HRs and their corresponding 95% CIs were calculated. RESULTS The results indicated that p53 protein expression was not linked to age factor, gender, tumor grade, cancer metastasis and response to chemotherapy. p53 expression was significantly lower in osteogenic osteosarcoma than in nonosteogenic osteosarcoma (OR = 0.40; p = 0.006). p53 expression was associated with a poor prognosis of patients in overall survival (univariate analysis: HR: 2.49; p < 0.001 and multivariate analysis: HR: 2.92; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION p53 expression was correlated with pathological type and may become a useful prognostic biomarker in overall survival in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Ai Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Difan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
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23
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Giulino-Roth L, van Besien HJ, Dalton T, Totonchy JE, Rodina A, Taldone T, Bolaender A, Erdjument-Bromage H, Sadek J, Chadburn A, Barth MJ, Dela Cruz FS, Rainey A, Kung AL, Chiosis G, Cesarman E. Inhibition of Hsp90 Suppresses PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling and Has Antitumor Activity in Burkitt Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1779-1790. [PMID: 28619753 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that protects proteins, including oncogenic signaling complexes, from proteolytic degradation. PU-H71 is a next-generation Hsp90 inhibitor that preferentially targets the functionally distinct pool of Hsp90 present in tumor cells. Tumors that are driven by the MYC oncoprotein may be particularly sensitive to PU-H71 due to the essential role of Hsp90 in the epichaperome, which maintains the malignant phenotype in the setting of MYC. Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma characterized by MYC dysregulation. In this study, we evaluated Hsp90 as a potential therapeutic target in BL. We found that primary BL tumors overexpress Hsp90 and that Hsp90 inhibition has antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo, including potent activity in a patient-derived xenograft model of BL. To evaluate the targets of PU-H71 in BL, we performed high-affinity capture followed by proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry. We found that Hsp90 inhibition targets multiple components of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, highlighting the importance of this pathway in BL. Finally, we found that the anti-lymphoma activity of PU-H71 is synergistic with dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition in vitro and in vivo Overall, this work provides support for Hsp90 as a therapeutic target in BL and suggests the potential for combination therapy with PU-H71 and inhibitors of PI3K/mTOR. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1779-90. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Giulino-Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Herman J van Besien
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Tanner Dalton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer E Totonchy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Anna Rodina
- Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tony Taldone
- Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexander Bolaender
- Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Jouliana Sadek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Amy Chadburn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Matthew J Barth
- Department of Pediatrics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Filemon S Dela Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Allison Rainey
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ethel Cesarman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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24
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Kaigorodova EV, Zavyalova MV, Bychkov VA, Perelmuter VM, Choynzonov EL. Functional state of the Hsp27 chaperone as a molecular marker of an unfavorable course of larynx cancer. Cancer Biomark 2017; 17:145-53. [PMID: 27540972 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small heat shock protein 27 kDA (Hsp27) acts as an ATP-independent chaperone in protein folding, but is also implicated in architecture of the cytoskeleton, cell migration, metabolism, cell survival, growth/differentiation, mRNA stabilization, and tumor progression. OBJECTIVE To study the intracellular localization of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of Hsp27 in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (SCCL) and to evaluate their relationship with regional lymphatic metastasis and overall five-year survival. METHODS Tumor biopsies of larynx tissue were collected from 50 patients who were between the ages of 30 to 80 years and had a confirmed diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the intracellular localization of the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of Hsp27. RESULTS The study revealed that the Hsp27 chaperone was expressed in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of tumor cells in SCCL. The biopsies of patients with lymph node metastases showed significantly higher expression of the phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of Hsp27 in the nucleus compared to those of patients without lymph node metastases. At the same time, the cytoplasmic expression of Hsp27 in these patients did not differ statistically. Analysis of the overall five-year survival rates showed that negative Hsp27 expression in the nucleus of tumor cells is associated with the survival rate of patients with SCCL. CONCLUSION The nuclear expression of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of Hsp27 is a molecular marker of unfavorable squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx associated with lymphogenous metastasis and decreased total five-year survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya V Kaigorodova
- Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Marina V Zavyalova
- Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Vladimir M Perelmuter
- Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenii L Choynzonov
- Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
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25
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Asling J, Morrison J, Mutsaers AJ. Targeting HSP70 and GRP78 in canine osteosarcoma cells in combination with doxorubicin chemotherapy. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:1065-1076. [PMID: 27631331 PMCID: PMC5083675 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones subdivided into several families based on their molecular weight. Due to their cytoprotective roles, these proteins may help protect cancer cells against chemotherapy-induced cell death. Investigation into the biologic activity of HSPs in a variety of cancers including primary bone tumors, such as osteosarcoma (OSA), is of great interest. Both human and canine OSA tumor samples have aberrant production of HSP70. This study assessed the response of canine OSA cells to inhibition of HSP70 and GRP78 by the ATP-mimetic VER-155008 and whether this treatment strategy could sensitize cells to doxorubicin chemotherapy. Single-agent VER-155008 treatment decreased cellular viability and clonogenic survival and increased apoptosis in canine OSA cell lines. However, combination schedules with doxorubicin after pretreatment with VER-155008 did not improve inhibition of cellular viability, apoptosis, or clonogenic survival. Treatment with VER-155008 prior to chemotherapy resulted in an upregulation of target proteins HSP70 and GRP78 in addition to the co-chaperone proteins Herp, C/EBP homologous transcription protein (CHOP), and BAG-1. The increased GRP78 was more cytoplasmic in location compared to untreated cells. Single-agent treatment also revealed a dose-dependent reduction in activated and total Akt. Based on these results, targeting GRP78 and HSP70 may have biologic activity in canine osteosarcoma. Further studies are required to determine if and how this strategy may impact the response of osteosarcoma cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Asling
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jodi Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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26
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Lee HW, Kwon J, Kang MC, Noh MK, Koh JS, Kim JH, Park JH. Overexpression of HSP47 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: clinical implications and functional analysis. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:848-855. [PMID: 25953518 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several biomarkers of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have been explored to improve the prognosis of this disease. One of these, the 47-kDa heat shock protein (HSP47), has been screened as a potential biomarker by genomic profiling and is known to be overexpressed in some malignant diseases. In this study, we explored the role and evaluated the prognostic value of HSP47 expression in ESCC. The function of this protein was analyzed by assaying proliferation, wound healing, and colony formation in an HSP47-knockdown ESCC line. The prognostic implication of HSP47 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining in 157 surgical specimens. HSP47 expression level and other clinical variables were analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Silencing of the HSP47 gene in the ESCC cell line inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation. HSP47 was highly expressed in ESCC tissue samples, compared with normal esophageal tissues. The level of immunohistochemical staining of HSP47 and pathologic stage were significantly correlated with overall and recurrence-free survival, as shown by multivariate analysis (P = 0.014 and 0.044, respectively). We found that overexpression of HSP47 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with ESCC and that this is consistent with the function of HSP47 in terms of increased cell proliferation and colony formation. These results suggest that HSP47 is a potential prognostic biomarker for ESCC and merits further research for novel diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Lee
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Kwon
- Department of Translational Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - M C Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-K Noh
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Koh
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Park
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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27
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Wang H, Lu M, Yao M, Zhu W. Effects of treatment with an Hsp90 inhibitor in tumors based on 15 phase II clinical trials. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 5:326-334. [PMID: 27602225 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein (Hsp)90 serves as a chaperone protein that promotes the proper folding of proteins involved in a variety of signal transduction processes involved in cell growth. Hsp90 inhibitors, which inhibit the activity of critical client proteins, have emerged as the accessory therapeutic agents for multiple human cancer types. To better understand the effects of Hsp90 inhibitors in cancer treatment, the present study reviewed 15 published phase II clinical trials to investigate whether Hsp90 inhibitors will benefit patients with cancer. Information of complete response, partial response, stable disease, objective response and objective response rate was collected to evaluate clinical outcomes. Overall, Hsp90 inhibitors are effective against a variety of oncogene-addicted cancers, including those that have developed resistance to specific receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P.R. China
| | - Mingjie Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Mengqian Yao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
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28
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Abstract
Under stressful conditions, the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) molecular chaperone protects cellular proteins (client proteins) from degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. HSP90 expression is upregulated in cancers, and this contributes to the malignant phenotype of increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis and maintenance of metastatic potential via conservation of its client proteins, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, Akt, Raf-1, cell cycle proteins, and B-cell lymphoma 2 among others. Hence, inhibition of HSP90 leads to the simultaneous degradation of its many clients, thereby disrupting multiple oncogenic signaling cascades. This has sparked tremendous interest in the development of HSP90 inhibitors as an innovative anticancer strategy. Based on the wealth of compelling data from preclinical studies, a number of HSP90 inhibitors have entered into clinical testing. However, despite enormous promise and anticancer activity reported to date, none of the HSP90 inhibitors in development has been approved for cancer therapy, and the full potential of this class of agents is yet to be realized. This article provides a review on ganetespib, a small molecule HSP90 inhibitor that is currently under evaluation in a broad range of cancer types in combination with other therapeutic agents with the hope of further enhancing its efficacy and overcoming drug resistance. Based on our current understanding of the complex HSP90 machinery combined with the emerging data from these key clinical trials, ganetespib has the potential to be the first-in-class HSP90 inhibitor to be approved as a new anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Jhaveri
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shanu Modi
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Evaluation of serum-based cancer biomarkers: A brief review from a clinical and computational viewpoint. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 93:103-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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30
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Taldone T, Patel HJ, Bolaender A, Patel MR, Chiosis G. Protein chaperones: a composition of matter review (2008 - 2013). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:501-18. [PMID: 24742089 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.887681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are proteins with important functions in regulating disease phenotypes. Historically, Hsp90 has first received recognition as a target in cancer, with consequent efforts extending its potential role to other diseases. Hsp70 has also attracted interest as a therapeutic target for its role as a co-chaperone to Hsp90 as well as its own anti-apoptotic roles. AREAS COVERED Herein, patents from 2008 to 2013 are reviewed to identify those that disclose composition of matter claimed to inhibit Hsp90 or Hsp70. EXPERT OPINION For Hsp90, there has been considerable creativity in the discovery of novel pharmacophores that fall outside the three initially discovered scaffolds (i.e., ansamycins, resorcinols and purines). Nonetheless, much of the patent literature appears to build on previously reported structure activity relationship through slight modifications of Hsp90 inhibitor space by finding weaknesses in existing patents. The major goal of future development of Hsp90 inhibitors is not necessarily identifying better molecules but rather understanding how to rationally use these agents in the clinic. The development of Hsp70 inhibitors has lagged behind. It will require a more concerted effort from the drug discovery community in order to begin to realize the potential of this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Taldone
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry and Department of Medicine , NY , USA
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31
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Radons J. Inflammatory stress and sarcomagenesis: a vicious interplay. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:1-13. [PMID: 24046208 PMCID: PMC3857425 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation represents one of the hallmarks of cancer, but its role in sarcomagenesis has long been overlooked. Sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors of mesenchymal origin accounting for less than 1 % of cancers in adults but 21 % of cancers in the pediatric population. Sarcomas are associated with bad prognosis, and their management requires a multidisciplinary team approach. Several lines of evidence indicate that inflammation has been implicated in sarcomagenesis leading to the activation of the key transcription factors HIF-1, NF- κB, and STAT-3 involved in a complex inflammatory network. In the past years, an increasing number of new targets have been identified in the treatment of sarcomas leading to the development of new drugs that aim to interrupt the vicious connection between inflammation and sarcomagenesis. This article makes a brief overview of preclinical and clinical evidence of the molecular pathways involved in the inflammatory stress response in sarcomagenesis and the most targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Radons
- multimmune GmbH c/o Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany,
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32
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Fu HL, Shao L, Wang Q, Jia T, Li M, Yang DP. A systematic review of p53 as a biomarker of survival in patients with osteosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3817-21. [PMID: 24014053 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor, and the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma is still unsatisfactory with low survival rates. There are many studies assessing the prognostic role of upregulated p53 in patients presenting osteosarcoma, and there is no consistent finding. To summarize the existing evidence about whether the presence of upregulated p53 was a biomarker of survival in patients with osteosarcoma, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant publications. We assessed the effect of upregulated p53 on the 3-year overall survival and the 3-year disease-free survival by calculating the pooled odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Fifteen studies with a total of 609 patients with osteosarcoma were finally included into the systematic review and meta-analysis. Compared with osteosarcoma patients with low or undetectable p53, patients with upregulated p53 were obviously associated with decreased 3-year overall survival (OR = 0.29, 95 %CI 0.19-0.43, P < 0.001). In addition, patients with upregulated p53 were obviously associated with decreased 3-year disease-free survival (OR = 0.06, 95 %CI 0.02-0.23, P < 0.001). The results from the systematic review and meta-analysis highlight that p53 is an effective biomarker of survival in patients with osteosarcoma. In addition, more studies with a large sample size are needed to identify the effect of p53 expression in osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Liang Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China,
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33
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Selvarajah GT, Bonestroo FAS, Kirpensteijn J, Kik MJL, van der Zee R, van Eden W, Timmermans-Sprang EPM, Slob A, Mol JA. Heat shock protein expression analysis in canine osteosarcoma reveals HSP60 as a potentially relevant therapeutic target. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:607-22. [PMID: 23463150 PMCID: PMC3745254 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are highly conserved across eukaryotic and prokaryotic species. These proteins play a role in response to cellular stressors, protecting cells from damage and facilitating recovery. In tumor cells, HSPs can have cytoprotective effects and interfere with apoptotic cascades. This study was performed to assess the prognostic and predictive values of the gene expression of HSP family members in canine osteosarcoma (OS) and their potential for targeted therapy. Gene expressions for HSP were assessed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) on 58 snap-frozen primary canine OS tumors and related to clinic-pathological parameters. A significant increased expression of HSP60 was found in relation to shorter overall survival and an osteoblastic phenotype. Therefore, the function of HSP60 was investigated in more detail. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed heterogeneous staining for HSP60 in tumors. The highest immunoreactivity was found in tumors of short surviving dogs. Next HSP expression was shown in a variety of canine and human OS cell lines by qPCR and Western blot. In two highly metastatic cell lines HSP60 expression was silenced using siRNA resulting in decreased cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in both cell lines. It is concluded that overexpression of HSP60 is associated with a poor prognosis of OS and should be evaluated as a new target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri T. Selvarajah
- />Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Floor A. S. Bonestroo
- />Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolle Kirpensteijn
- />Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marja J. L. Kik
- />Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruurd van der Zee
- />Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van Eden
- />Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elpetra P. M. Timmermans-Sprang
- />Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adri Slob
- />Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Mol
- />Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gorska M, Marino Gammazza A, Zmijewski MA, Campanella C, Cappello F, Wasiewicz T, Kuban-Jankowska A, Daca A, Sielicka A, Popowska U, Knap N, Antoniewicz J, Wakabayashi T, Wozniak M. Geldanamycin-induced osteosarcoma cell death is associated with hyperacetylation and loss of mitochondrial pool of heat shock protein 60 (hsp60). PLoS One 2013; 8:e71135. [PMID: 24015183 PMCID: PMC3756027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most malignant tumors of childhood and adolescence that is often resistant to standard chemo- and radio-therapy. Geldanamycin and geldanamycin analogs have been recently studied as potential anticancer agents for osteosarcoma treatment. Here, for the first time, we have presented novel anticancer mechanisms of geldanamycin biological activity. Moreover, we demonstrated an association between the effects of geldanamycin on the major heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the overall survival of highly metastatic human osteosarcoma 143B cells. We demonstrated that the treatment of 143B cells with geldanamycin caused a subsequent upregulation of cytoplasmic Hsp90 and Hsp70 whose activity is at least partly responsible for cancer development and drug resistance. On the other hand, geldanamycin induced upregulation of Hsp60 gene expression, and a simultaneous loss of hyperacetylated Hsp60 mitochondrial protein pool resulting in decreased viability and augmented cancer cell death. Hyperacetylation of Hsp60 seems to be associated with anticancer activity of geldanamycin. In light of the fact that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the apoptotic signaling pathway, the presented data may support a hypothesis that Hsp60 can be another functional part of mitochondria-related acetylome being a potential target for developing novel anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gorska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy “Emerico Luna”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Campanella
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy “Emerico Luna”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy “Emerico Luna”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tomasz Wasiewicz
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Sielicka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Urszula Popowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- College of Health, Beauty Care and Education in Poznan, Faculty in Gdynia, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Narcyz Knap
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Antoniewicz
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Takashi Wakabayashi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Pathology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michal Wozniak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- College of Health, Beauty Care and Education in Poznan, Faculty in Gdynia, Gdynia, Poland
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Banerjee S, Thayanithy V, Sangwan V, Mackenzie TN, Saluja AK, Subramanian S. Minnelide reduces tumor burden in preclinical models of osteosarcoma. Cancer Lett 2013; 335:412-20. [PMID: 23499892 PMCID: PMC4386634 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in children and adolescents with a 5-year survival rate of about 70%. In this study, we have evaluated the preclinical therapeutic efficacy of the novel synthetic drug, Minnelide, a prodrug of triptolide on osteosarcoma. Triptolide was effective in significantly inducing apoptosis in all osteosarcoma cell lines tested but had no significant effect on the human osteoblast cells. Notably, Minnelide treatment significantly reduced tumor burden and lung metastasis in the orthotopic and lung colonization models. Triptolide/Minnelide effectively downregulated the levels of pro-survival proteins such as heat shock proteins, cMYC, survivin and targets the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Banerjee
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota
| | - Venugopal Thayanithy
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota
| | - Veena Sangwan
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota
| | - Tiffany N. Mackenzie
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota
| | - Ashok K. Saluja
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
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Jiang L, Tao C, He A. Prognostic significance of p53 expression in malignant bone tumors: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1037-43. [PMID: 23341181 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma are the two most common primary malignant bone tumors, and findings of prognostic factors are important for clinicians to decide treatment options. High p53 expression has been implicated in tumor development and progression, but studies investigating the prognostic role of p53 overexpression in malignant bone tumors report conflicting findings. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between p53 overexpression and the survival of malignant bone tumors. A meta-analysis of 13 studies with a total of 703 patients was carried out to evaluate the association between p53 overexpression and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with malignant bone tumors. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) with its 95 % confidence interval (CI) was used as the effect size estimate. There was no between-study heterogeneity in both OS studies (I (2) = 0.0 %) and DFS studies (I(2) = 0.0 %). Overall, high p53 expression predicted both poor OS (HR 2.13, 95 % CI 1.81-2.52, P < 0.001) and poor DFS (HR 2.06, 95 % CI 1.58-2.69, P < 0.001) in patients with malignant bone tumors. Subgroup analyses by tumor types suggested that p53 expression predicted poor OS in both osteosarcoma patients (HR 2.15, 95 % CI 1.78-2.60, I (2) = 15.2 %, P < 0.001) and Ewing's sarcoma patients (HR 2.09, 95 % CI 1.47-2.97, I(2) = 0.0 %, P < 0.001). Besides, p53 expression also predicted poor DFS in both osteosarcoma patients (HR 2.38, 95 % CI 1.60-3.52, I(2) = 0.0 %, P < 0.001) and Ewing's sarcoma patients (HR 1.83, 95 % CI 1.28-2.63, I(2) = 0.0 %, P = 0.001). Egger's test also did not suggest evidence for publication bias in both OS studies (P = 0.615) and DFS studies (P = 0.258). High p53 expression indicates a poorer prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangdong Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 People's Road, Changsha, 410011, China
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Schäfer C, Seeliger H, Bader DC, Assmann G, Buchner D, Guo Y, Ziesch A, Palagyi A, Ochs S, Laubender RP, Jung A, De Toni EN, Kirchner T, Göke B, Bruns C, Gallmeier E. Heat shock protein 27 as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1776-91. [PMID: 22004109 PMCID: PMC3822691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A role of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) as a potential biomarker has been reported in various tumour entities, but comprehensive studies in pancreatic cancer are lacking. Applying tissue microarray (TMA) analysis, we correlated HSP27 protein expression status with clinicopathologic parameters in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma specimens from 86 patients. Complementary, we established HSP27 overexpression and RNA-interference models to assess the impact of HSP27 on chemo- and radiosensitivity directly in pancreatic cancer cells. In the TMA study, HSP27 expression was found in 49% of tumour samples. Applying univariate analyses, a significant correlation was found between HSP27 expression and survival. In the multivariate Cox-regression model, HSP27 expression emerged as an independent prognostic factor. HSP27 expression also correlated inversely with nuclear p53 accumulation, indicating either protein interactions between HSP27 and p53 or TP53 mutation-dependent HSP27-regulation in pancreatic cancer. In the sensitivity studies, HSP27 overexpression rendered HSP27 low-expressing PL5 pancreatic cancer cells more susceptible towards treatment with gemcitabine. Vice versa, HSP27 protein depletion in HSP27 high-expressing AsPC-1 cells caused increased gemcitabine resistance. Importantly, HSP27 expression was inducible in pancreatic cancer cell lines as well as primary cells. Taken together, our study suggests a role for HSP27 as a prognostic and predictive marker in pancreatic cancer. Assessment of HSP27 expression could thus facilitate the identification of specific patient subpopulations that might benefit from individualized treatment options. Additional studies need to clarify whether modulation of HSP27 expression could represent an attractive concept to support the incorporation of hyperthermia in clinical treatment protocols for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Schäfer
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Neumarkt, Neumarkt id OPf, Germany
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Critical role of heat shock protein 27 in bufalin-induced apoptosis in human osteosarcomas: a proteomic-based research. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47375. [PMID: 23091618 PMCID: PMC3473020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bufalin is the primary component of the traditional Chinese herb "Chan Su". Evidence suggests that this compound possesses potent anti-tumor activities, although the exact molecular mechanism(s) is unknown. Our previous study showed that bufalin inhibited growth of human osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS and U2OS/MTX300 in culture. Therefore, this study aims to further clarify the in vitro and in vivo anti-osteosarcoma effects of bufalin and its molecular mechanism of action. We found bufalin inhibited both methotrexate (MTX) sensitive and resistant human osteosarcoma cell growth and induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Using a comparative proteomics approach, 24 differentially expressed proteins following bufalin treatment were identified. In particular, the level of an anti-apoptotic protein, heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), decreased remarkably. The down-regulation of Hsp27 and alterations of its partner signaling molecules (the decrease in p-Akt, nuclear NF-κB p65, and co-immunoprecipitated cytochrome c/Hsp27) were validated. Hsp27 over-expression protected against bufalin-induced apoptosis, reversed the dephosphorylation of Akt and preserved the level of nuclear NF-κB p65 and co-immunoprecipitated Hsp27/cytochrome c. Moreover, bufalin inhibited MTX-resistant osteosarcoma xenograft growth, and a down-regulation of Hsp27 in vivo was observed. Taken together, bufalin exerted potent anti-osteosarcoma effects in vitro and in vivo, even in MTX resistant osteosarcoma cells. The down-regulation of Hsp27 played a critical role in bufalin-induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Bufalin may have merit to be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for osteosarcoma, particularly in MTX-resistant groups.
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Biaoxue R, Xiling J, Shuanying Y, Wei Z, Xiguang C, Jinsui W, Min Z. Upregulation of Hsp90-beta and annexin A1 correlates with poor survival and lymphatic metastasis in lung cancer patients. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2012; 31:70. [PMID: 22929401 PMCID: PMC3444906 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-31-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Hsp90-beta and annexin A1 were investigated as prognostic factors because of their apparent association with tumorigenesis. However, the effect of Hsp90-beta and annexin A1 in lung cancer remains poorly understood. The expressions of Hsp90-beta and annexin A1 in lung cancer and normal lung specimens were examined, and the relationships with respect to the clinico-pathological features and patient survival in lung cancer were analyzed. Methods The expression levels of Hsp90-beta and annexin A1 were examined using immunohistochemistry, in-situ hybridization, and Western blot. Results Lung cancer tissues exhibited higher expression levels of Hsp90-beta and annexin A1 than the normal tissues (p < 0.05), and the expression levels of the markers were significantly associated with the pathological grade and lymphatic invasion of lung cancer (p < 0.05). Moreover, the upregulation of Hsp90-beta and annexin A1 correlated with decreased survival (p < 0.05). Conclusion The upregulation of Hsp90-beta and annexin A1 were associated with poor post-surgical survival time and lymphatic metastasis of lung cancer patients. Moreover, the high expression of the markers was an independent predictor of poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Biaoxue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157, Xi 5 Road, Xi'an 710004, People's Republic of China
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Romanucci M, D’Amato G, Malatesta D, Bongiovanni L, Palmieri C, Ciccarelli A, Buracco P, Morello E, Maniscalco L, De Maria R, Martano M, Della Salda L. Heat shock protein expression in canine osteosarcoma. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:131-8. [PMID: 22015573 PMCID: PMC3227845 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal levels of heat shock proteins have been observed in a number of human neoplasms and demonstrate prognostic, predictive and therapeutic implications. Since osteosarcoma (OSA) in dogs provides an important model for the same disease in humans, the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Hsp27, Hsp72, Hsp73 and Hsp90 in 18 samples of canine appendicular OSA, in relation to histological grade and overall survival (OS), in order to investigate their potential prognostic, predictive and/or therapeutic value. A semiquantitative method was used for the analysis of the results. Hsp27, Hsp73 and Hsp90 showed a variably intense, cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity that was not associated with histological type or grade. On the other hand, a high percentage of Hsp72 immunostaining was significantly associated with grade III (P < 0.01) and a lack of immunolabelling was significantly correlated to a longer OS (P = 0.006). Neoplastic emboli were occasionally positive for Hsp27, faintly immunoreactive for Hsp72 and intensely immunolabelled by Hsp73 and Hsp90. In conclusion, absence of Hsp72 immunosignal appears to be associated with a favourable prognosis whilst the widespread Hsp90 immunoreactivity detected in all tumour cases as well as in neoplastic emboli, suggests this protein could be targeted in the therapy of canine OSA, and likewise in its human counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Romanucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuliana D’Amato
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniela Malatesta
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Chiara Palmieri
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciccarelli
- Department of Communication Sciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morello
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorella Maniscalco
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella De Maria
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Martano
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Leonardo Della Salda
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Xu X, Wang W, Shao W, Yin W, Chen H, Qiu Y, Mo M, Zhao J, Deng Q, He J. Heat shock protein-60 expression was significantly correlated with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2011; 104:598-603. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.21992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Moon A, Bacchini P, Bertoni F, Olvi LG, Santini-Araujo E, Kim YW, Park YK. Expression of heat shock proteins in osteosarcomas. Pathology 2010; 42:421-5. [PMID: 20632817 DOI: 10.3109/00313025.2010.493866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Heat shock proteins (HSPs) protect cells against stress-associated injuries and are overexpressed in several malignant tumours. We investigated the potential roles of HSP27, HSP60, and HSP70 in conventional and low grade central osteosarcoma. METHODS Expressions of HSP27, HSP60, and HSP70 were analysed using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 52 cases of conventional osteosarcoma and 21 cases of low grade central osteosarcoma. We evaluated the expression of each protein and examined its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS We found significantly different expressions of HSP27 and HSP70 between conventional and low grade central osteosarcoma [34.6% versus 4.8% (p = 0.008), 88.5% versus 14.3% (p < 0.001)]. However, HSP60 was highly expressed in both kinds of osteosarcoma (92.3% versus 85.7%). In conventional osteosarcoma, a higher expression of HSP27 was significantly related to distant metastasis (p = 0.034) and histological subtype [osteoblastic versus non-osteoblastic (p = 0.041)]. The expressions of HSP60 and HSP70 were not significantly related to any tested clinicopathological parameter. CONCLUSIONS HSP27 and HSP70 may be used as differential markers to distinguish conventional and low grade central osteosarcoma. HSP27 may be used as a possible prognostic marker in conventional osteosarcoma cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahrim Moon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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43
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Proteomic analysis of early-response to mechanical stress in neonatal rat mandibular condylar chondrocytes. J Cell Physiol 2010; 223:610-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Bruheim S, Xi Y, Ju J, Fodstad O. Gene expression profiles classify human osteosarcoma xenografts according to sensitivity to doxorubicin, cisplatin, and ifosfamide. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:7161-9. [PMID: 19920113 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In osteosarcoma, aggressive preoperative and postoperative multidrug chemotherapy given to all patients has improved patient survival rate to the present level of approximately 60%. However, no tumor marker is available that reliably can identify those patients who will or will not respond to chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In an attempt to find leads to such markers, we have obtained microarray gene expression profiles from a panel of 10 different human osteosarcoma xenografts and related the results to their sensitivity to ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin. RESULTS The expression data identified genes with highly significant differential expression between poor and good responder xenografts to the three different drugs: 85 genes for doxorubicin, 74 genes for cisplatin, and 118 genes for ifosfamide. Technical validation with quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed good correlation with the microarray expression data. Gene Ontology-guided analysis suggested that properties of the poorly responsive xenografts were resistance to undergo programmed cell death and, particularly for ifosfamide, a drive toward dedifferentiation and increased tumor aggressiveness. Leads toward metabolic alterations and involvement of mitochondrial pathways for apoptosis and stress response were more prominent for doxorubicin and cisplatin. Finally, small interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing of IER3 and S100A2 sensitized the human osteosarcoma cell line OHS to treatment with 4-hydroperoxyifosfamide. CONCLUSIONS The expression profiles contained several novel biomarker candidates that may help predict the responsiveness of osteosarcoma to doxorubicin, cisplatin, and ifosfamide. The potential of selected candidates will be further validated on clinical specimens from osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skjalg Bruheim
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, and Faculty Division The Norwegian Radium Hospital, University in Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Selvarajah GT, Kirpensteijn J, van Wolferen ME, Rao NAS, Fieten H, Mol JA. Gene expression profiling of canine osteosarcoma reveals genes associated with short and long survival times. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:72. [PMID: 19735553 PMCID: PMC2746177 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene expression profiling of spontaneous tumors in the dog offers a unique translational opportunity to identify prognostic biomarkers and signaling pathways that are common to both canine and human. Osteosarcoma (OS) accounts for approximately 80% of all malignant bone tumors in the dog. Canine OS are highly comparable with their human counterpart with respect to histology, high metastatic rate and poor long-term survival. This study investigates the prognostic gene profile among thirty-two primary canine OS using canine specific cDNA microarrays representing 20,313 genes to identify genes and cellular signaling pathways associated with survival. This, the first report of its kind in dogs with OS, also demonstrates the advantages of cross-species comparison with human OS. Results The 32 tumors were classified into two prognostic groups based on survival time (ST). They were defined as short survivors (dogs with poor prognosis: surviving fewer than 6 months) and long survivors (dogs with better prognosis: surviving 6 months or longer). Fifty-one transcripts were found to be differentially expressed, with common upregulation of these genes in the short survivors. The overexpressed genes in short survivors are associated with possible roles in proliferation, drug resistance or metastasis. Several deregulated pathways identified in the present study, including Wnt signaling, Integrin signaling and Chemokine/cytokine signaling are comparable to the pathway analysis conducted on human OS gene profiles, emphasizing the value of the dog as an excellent model for humans. Conclusion A molecular-based method for discrimination of outcome for short and long survivors is useful for future prognostic stratification at initial diagnosis, where genes and pathways associated with cell cycle/proliferation, drug resistance and metastasis could be potential targets for diagnosis and therapy. The similarities between human and canine OS makes the dog a suitable pre-clinical model for future 'novel' therapeutic approaches where the current research has provided new insights on prognostic genes, molecular pathways and mechanisms involved in OS pathogenesis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri T Selvarajah
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Mendoza M, Khanna C. Revisiting the seed and soil in cancer metastasis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:1452-62. [PMID: 19401145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis remains the overwhelming cause of death for cancer patients. During metastasis, cancer cells will leave the primary tumor, intravasate into the bloodstream, arrest at a distant organ, and eventually develop into gross lesions at the secondary sites. This intricate process is influenced by innumerable factors and complex cellular interactions described in 1889 by Stephen Paget as the seed and soil hypothesis. In this review, we revisit this seed and soil hypothesis with an emerging understanding of the cancer cell (i.e. seed) and its microenvironment (i.e. soil). We will provide background to suggest that a critical outcome of the seed-soil interaction is resistance of the stresses that would otherwise impede metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mendoza
- Tumor and Metastasis Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Poschmann G, Sitek B, Sipos B, Ulrich A, Wiese S, Stephan C, Warscheid B, Klöppel G, Vander Borght A, Ramaekers FCS, Meyer HE, Stühler K. Identification of proteomic differences between squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and bronchial epithelium. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:1105-16. [PMID: 19176476 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800422-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins that exhibit different expression levels in normal and malignant lung cells are good candidate biomarkers to improve early diagnosis and intervention. We used a quantitative approach and compared the proteome of microdissected cells from normal human bronchial epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma tumors of histopathological grades G2 and G3. DIGE analysis and subsequent MS-based protein identification revealed that 32 non-redundant proteins were differentially regulated between the respective tissue types. These proteins are mainly involved in energy pathways, cell growth or maintenance mechanisms, protein metabolism, and the regulation of DNA and RNA metabolism. The expression of some of these proteins was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays containing tissue specimen of 55 patients, including normal bronchial epithelium, squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and large cell carcinomas. The results of the immunohistochemical studies correlated with the proteome study data and revealed that particularly HSP47 and a group of cytokeratins (i.e. cytokeratins 6a, 16, and 17) are significantly co-regulated in squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore cytokeratin 17 showed significantly higher abundance in G2 grade compared with G3 grade squamous cell carcinomas in both the gel-based and the immunohistochemical analysis. Therefore this protein might be used as a marker for stratification between different tumor grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gereon Poschmann
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Zhang Y, Shen X. Heat Shock Protein 27 Protects L929 Cells from Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis by Enhancing Akt Activation and Abating Suppression of Thioredoxin Reductase Activity. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:2855-64. [PMID: 17504983 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is up-regulated in multiple malignancies and implicated in cisplatin resistance. It is attempted to know how Hsp27 endues cell with cisplatin resistance by interfering with upstream of both apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated apoptotic signaling and serine/threonine kinase Akt-dependent survival signaling. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The mouse L929 cells stably transfected with human Hsp27 or its dominant-negative mutant and the human cervical cancer HeLa cells transfected with Hsp27 siRNA were used. The cisplatin-induced apoptosis and activation of ASK1, p38, and Akt were compared in control cells, cells overexpressing Hsp27, and cells with their endogenous Hsp27 knocked down. RESULTS Hsp27 effectively protected the cells from cisplatin-induced DNA fragmentation. The p38 inhibitors obviously decreased whereas Akt inhibitors markedly increased the apoptotic fraction in cisplatin-treated cells. Overexpression of Hsp27 doubly enhanced the drug-induced Akt activation while substantially depressing the drug-induced activation of ASK1 and p38. Knockdown of the endogenous Hsp27 in HeLa cells resulted in the effects opposite to that observed in the Hsp27-overexpressing cells. Enhancement of Akt activation is associated with complex formation between Akt and Hsp27, whereas depression of ASK1/p38 activation is attributed to a reversion of the drug-induced inhibition of thioredoxin reductase activity and subsequent oxidation of thioredoxin. CONCLUSIONS Hsp27 endues cells with cisplatin resistance via depression of the drug-induced ASK1/p38 activation and enhancement of the drug-induced Akt activation. This study revealed the intervention of Hsp27 in upstream of both ASK1/p38 apoptotic signaling and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt survival signaling. Therefore, the inhibition of Hsp27 may be a novel strategy of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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Yi-Chen, Ran ZH, Xiang-Chen, Zhu CQ, Xiao SD. Expression of heat shock protein 70 and 90 and their relationships with biological behaviors of colon cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:3201-3205. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i33.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and 90 as well as their correlations with the biological behavior of colon cancer.
METHODS: Specimens were collected from the cancerous lesions, paracancerous tissues (2 cm away from cancer lesion) and normal mucosal tissues of 40 patients with colon cancer after colon resection. The expression of HSP70 and HSP90 were detected using affinitive immunohistochemical technique. Meanwhile, Duke's staging for the 40 colon cancer patients was analyzed, and the relationship between the expression levels of HSPs and Duke's staging was further investigated.
RESULTS: The levels of HSP70 and HSP90 expression between the cancerous tissues, paracancerous tissues, and normal tissues (HSP70: 82.5% vs 52.5% vs 25%, χ2 = 26.58, P = 0.000; HSP90: 72.5% vs 42.5% vs 22.5%, P = 0.000). The positive rates of HSP70 and HSP90 had significant correlations with clinical staging of colon cancer (HSP70: tau_b = 0.392, P = 0.006; HSP90: tau_b = 0.396, P = 0.006).
CONCLUSION: HSP70 and HSP90 are over-expressed in colon cancer, which are correlated with the biological behavior of colon cancer.
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Deocaris CC, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. On the brotherhood of the mitochondrial chaperones mortalin and heat shock protein 60. Cell Stress Chaperones 2006; 11:116-28. [PMID: 16817317 PMCID: PMC1484513 DOI: 10.1379/csc-144r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat shock chaperones mortalin/mitochondrial heat shock protein 70 (mtHsp70) and Hsp60 are found in multiple subcellular sites and function in the folding and intracellular trafficking of many proteins. The chaperoning activity of these 2 proteins involves different structural and functional mechanisms. In spite of providing an excellent model for an evolutionarily conserved molecular "brotherhood", their individual functions, although overlapping, are nonredundant. As they travel to various locations, both chaperones acquire different binding partners and exert a more divergent involvement in tumorigenesis, cellular senescence, and immunology. An understanding of their functional biology may lead to novel designing and development of therapeutic strategies for cancer and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Custer C Deocaris
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Science City 305-8562, Japan
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