1
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Li L, Zhang XG, Hu BL, Zhang XH. Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Cyclization of N-Propargylamines with Sodium Sulfinate for the Synthesis of 3-Sulfonated Quinolines. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4358-4364. [PMID: 31680431 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and effective protocol for the synthesis of 3-sulfonated quinolines via copper-catalyzed electrophilic cyclization of N-propargylamines has been developed, in which cheap and stable sodium sulfinates were utilized as green sulfonylation reagents. This cascade transformation involves radical addition, cyclization and dehydrogenative aromatization processes in a one-pot reaction under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan Town, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xing-Guo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan Town, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Bo-Lun Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan Town, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan Town, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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2
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Jesumoroti OJ, Faridoon, Mnkandhla D, Isaacs M, Hoppe HC, Klein R. Evaluation of novel N'-(3-hydroxybenzoyl)-2-oxo-2 H-chromene-3-carbohydrazide derivatives as potential HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 10:80-88. [PMID: 30774857 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to identify potential new agents that are active against HIV-1 IN, a series of novel coumarin-3-carbohydrazide derivatives were designed and synthesised. The toxicity profiles of these compounds showed that they were non-toxic to human cells and they exhibited promising anti-HIV-1 IN activities with IC50 values in nM range. Also, an accompanying molecular modeling study showed that the compounds bind to the active pocket of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faridoon
- Department of Chemistry , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , 6140 , South Africa .
| | - Dumisani Mnkandhla
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , 6140 , South Africa.,Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , 6140 , South Africa
| | - Michelle Isaacs
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , 6140 , South Africa.,Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , 6140 , South Africa
| | - Heinrich C Hoppe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , 6140 , South Africa.,Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , 6140 , South Africa
| | - Rosalyn Klein
- Department of Chemistry , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , 6140 , South Africa . .,Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , 6140 , South Africa
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3
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Tong J, Lei S, Zhan P, Qin S, Wang Y. QSAR and Docking Studies of DATA Analogues as HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180413152636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) caused by Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) has seriously threatened human health, so development of new, selective
and safe non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) remains a high priority for
medical research. Diaryltriazine (DATA) have been identified as a new class of potent nonnucleoside
HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) inhibitors. The study deals with Topomer CoMFA
(Comparative Molecular Field Analysis) and molecular docking to explore the important features of
DATA analogues for exerting potent HIV-1 RT inhibitors activity.
Methods:
In this work, 40 DATA analogues were studied using a combination of molecular modeling
techniques including Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (3D-QSAR),
molecular docking, and Topomer CoMFA were used to build 3D-QSAR models.
Results:
The results show that the Topomer CoMFA analysis has the cross-validation q2 = 0.800,
SDCV = 0.45, the non-cross-validated r2 = 0.958, SD = 0.21, and the correlation coefficient of external
validation Q2 ext = 0.965 showed that the model is reasonable and credible, and has a good predictive
ability. Then binding mode pattern of the compounds to the binding site of enzyme was
confirmed and the mechanism of drug and acceptor was studied by docking studies, the results
showed that the drug and GLU138, LYS101, THR139 sites have an obvious function, these researches
have provided an useful information for designing more effective HIV-1IN inhibitors.
Conclusion:
A series of 40 DATAs analogues was subjected to a 3D-QSAR study. Using Topomer
CoMFA 3D-QSAR method built model, and the model has shown a good predictive and statistical
validation. Substituent with low electronic density in the R5 and R3 positions and substituent with
high electronic density in the R2 and C2 positions will increase the biological activity, small substituent
on R4 positions and naphthyloxy as the spacer group C6 substituent hydrophobic will increase
biological activity. This effect is supported by Topomer CoMFA contour map and docking
results of HIV-1RT inhibition active site, the results of the 3D-QSAR and docking analyses have
provided a guide for the synthesis of new putative inhibitors for HIV-1RT to improved inhibitory
activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shan Lei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pei Zhan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shangshang Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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4
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Li XF, Zhang XG, Hu BL, Zhang XH. Palladium-catalyzed dimerization of N-aryl propargylamines for the synthesis of 3-vinylquinolines. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1736-1744. [PMID: 29459926 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00133b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward method for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized quinolines from readily available N-aryl propargylamines under aerobic conditions was developed. It provides convenient access to a variety of synthetically and pharmaceutically important quinolines in moderate to good yields. Control experiments suggest that the cascade reaction might proceed via the Pd-catalyzed electrophilic cyclization of N-aryl propargylamines followed by a hydroarylation process through trapping of the σ-quinolinylpalladium intermediate with a second molecule of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Li
- College of chemical and materials engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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5
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Gu SX, Xue P, Ju XL, Zhu YY. Advances in rationally designed dual inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and integrase. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5007-5016. [PMID: 27658796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) are two indispensable enzymes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. RT is responsible for the transformation of the single-stranded RNA viral genome into double-stranded DNA, and IN catalyzes the integration of viral DNA into the host DNA. Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) combining nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs/NtRTIs) with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) or protease inhibitors (PIs) could suppress successfully HIV viral load and reduce evidently the mortality of HIV infected people, it involves the difficulty of perfect adherence, and other drawbacks such as viral rebound, toxicities and multi-drug resistances. Recently, rational drug design has become a dominant technique for the development of multi-target drugs. And the rationally designed dual inhibitors of HIV-1 RT and IN have become a hot topic of anti-HIV research. In this review, the advances in rationally designed dual inhibitors of HIV-1 RT and IN were summarized, including structurally diverse inhibitors, their structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies as well as binding mode analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Xi Gu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Ping Xue
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Xiu-Lian Ju
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China.
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6
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Sarma P, Saikia S, Borah R. Studies on –SO3H functionalized Brønsted acidic imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) for one-pot, two-step synthesis of 2-styrylquinolines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1193754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parishmita Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Assam, India
| | - Susmita Saikia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Assam, India
| | - Ruli Borah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Assam, India
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7
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Lamhasni T, Ait Lyazidi S, Hnach M, Haddad M, Desmaële D, Spanget-Larsen J, Nguyen DD, Ducasse L. Photo-physics study of an hydroxy-quinoline derivative as inhibitor of Pim-1 kinase: ultraviolet-visible linear dichroism spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 113:452-458. [PMID: 23747388 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of the antiviral 7-nicotinoyl-styrylquinoline (MB96) were investigated by means of UV-Vis linear dichroism (LD) spectroscopy on molecular samples aligned in stretched polyvinylalcohol (PVA), supported by time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Experimentally, the directions of the transitions moments with respect to the long axis of the molecule were deduced from the orientation K factors, determined by means of "trial-and-error" procedure. The absorption spectrum presents two parts. The main transition in the lowest energy part, observed around 365 nm and showing the highest K value 0.8, is longitudinally in-plane polarized. The highest energy part which is extended between 230 and 320 nm, large, diffuse, and of weak intensity, shows estimated K values between 0.2 and 0.5. This complex structure is transversally polarized with some contamination by the longitudinal character of the first strong band. The TD-DFT results agree fairly well with the LD measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lamhasni
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie des Matériaux et Archéomatériaux, URAC 11, Université Moulay Ismail, Faculté des Sciences, B.P 11201 Zitoune, Meknès 50000, Morocco
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8
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Ferro S, De Luca L, Morreale F, Christ F, Debyser Z, Gitto R, Chimirri A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel antiviral agents as protein–protein interaction inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 29:237-42. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.766609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Ferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Università di Messina
MessinaItaly
| | - Laura De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Università di Messina
MessinaItaly
| | - Francesca Morreale
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Università di Messina
MessinaItaly
| | - Frauke Christ
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy KU Leuven and IRC KULAK
Leuven, FlandersBelgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy KU Leuven and IRC KULAK
Leuven, FlandersBelgium
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Università di Messina
MessinaItaly
| | - Alba Chimirri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Università di Messina
MessinaItaly
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9
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Ferro S, Grazia SD, Luca LD, Gitto R, Faliti CE, Debyzer Z, Chimirri A. Microwave assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) of small molecules as potential HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Molecules 2011; 16:6858-70. [PMID: 21836543 PMCID: PMC6264142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16086858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrase (IN) represents a clinically validated target for the development of antivirals against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In recent years our research group has been engaged in the stucture-function study of this enzyme and in the development of some three-dimensional pharmacophore models which have led to the identification of a large series of potent HIV-1 integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) bearing an indole core. To gain a better understanding of the structure-activity relationships (SARs), herein we report the design and microwave-assisted synthesis of a novel series of 1-H-benzylindole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Ferro
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy; (S.D.G.); (L.D.L.); (R.G.); (C.E.F.); (A.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed ; Tel.: +39-090-676-6465; Fax: +39-090-676-6402
| | - Sara De Grazia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy; (S.D.G.); (L.D.L.); (R.G.); (C.E.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Laura De Luca
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy; (S.D.G.); (L.D.L.); (R.G.); (C.E.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy; (S.D.G.); (L.D.L.); (R.G.); (C.E.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Caterina Elisa Faliti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy; (S.D.G.); (L.D.L.); (R.G.); (C.E.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Zeger Debyzer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy; (S.D.G.); (L.D.L.); (R.G.); (C.E.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Alba Chimirri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy; (S.D.G.); (L.D.L.); (R.G.); (C.E.F.); (A.C.)
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10
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Reddy KK, Singh SK, Dessalew N, Tripathi SK, Selvaraj C. Pharmacophore modelling and atom-based 3D-QSAR studies on N-methyl pyrimidones as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:339-47. [PMID: 21699459 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.590803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacophore modelling and atom-based 3D-QSAR studies were carried out for a series of compounds belonging to N-methyl pyrimidones as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Based on the ligand-based pharmacophore model, we got 5-point pharmacophore model AADDR, with two hydrogen bond acceptors (A), two hydrogen bond donors (D) and one aromatic ring (R). The generated pharmacophore-based alignment was used to derive a predictive atom-based 3D-QSAR model for the training set (r(2) = 0.92, SD = 0.16, F = 84.8, N = 40) and for test set (Q(2) = 0.71, RMSE = 0.06, Pearson R = 0.90, N = 10). From these results, AADDR pharmacophore feature was selected as best common pharmacophore hypothesis, and atom-based 3D-QSAR results also support the outcome by means of favourable and unfavourable regions of hydrophobic and electron-withdrawing groups for the most potent compound 30. These results can be useful for further design of new and potent HIV-1 IN inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnati Konda Reddy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Bacchi A, Carcelli M, Compari C, Fisicaro E, Pala N, Rispoli G, Rogolino D, Sanchez TW, Sechi M, Neamati N. HIV-1 IN Strand Transfer Chelating Inhibitors: A Focus on Metal Binding. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:507-19. [DOI: 10.1021/mp100343x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicolino Pala
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università di Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Tino W. Sanchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, PSC 304, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mario Sechi
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università di Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, PSC 304, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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12
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Gupta P, Garg P, Roy N. Comparative docking and CoMFA analysis of curcumine derivatives as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Mol Divers 2011; 15:733-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-011-9304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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De Luca L, De Grazia S, Ferro S, Gitto R, Christ F, Debyser Z, Chimirri A. HIV-1 integrase strand-transfer inhibitors: Design, synthesis and molecular modeling investigation. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:756-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Active site binding modes of dimeric phloroglucinols for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4427-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Marchand C, Maddali K, Métifiot M, Pommier Y. HIV-1 IN inhibitors: 2010 update and perspectives. Curr Top Med Chem 2010; 9:1016-37. [PMID: 19747122 DOI: 10.2174/156802609789630910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Integrase (IN) is the newest validated target against AIDS and retroviral infections. The remarkable activity of raltegravir (Isentress((R))) led to its rapid approval by the FDA in 2007 as the first IN inhibitor. Several other IN strand transfer inhibitors (STIs) are in development with the primary goal to overcome resistance due to the rapid occurrence of IN mutations in raltegravir-treated patients. Thus, many scientists and drug companies are actively pursuing clinically useful IN inhibitors. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the IN inhibitors reported in the last two years, including second generation STI, recently developed hydroxylated aromatics, natural products, peptide, antibody and oligonucleotide inhibitors. Additionally, the targeting of IN cofactors such as LEDGF and Vpr will be discussed as novel strategies for the treatment of AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Marchand
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Ramajayam R, Mahera NB, Neamati N, Yadav MR, Giridhar R. Synthesis and anti-HIV-1 integrase activity of cyano pyrimidinones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2009; 342:710-5. [PMID: 19899101 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200900066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-phenethyl/benzylthio-6-oxo-4-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile were synthesized and tested against recombinant HIV-1 integrase in an enzyme assay. 2-(Phenethylthio)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile 4m and 2-(phenethylthio)-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile 4o showed significant inhibition against integrase in the assay (strand transfer: IC(50) values of 16 and 17 microM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramajayam
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Kalabhavan, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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17
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Ferro S, Agnello S, Barreca ML, De Luca L, Christ F, Gitto R. Synthesis of new pyridazine derivatives as potential anti-HIV-1 agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Convenient, two-step synthesis of 2-styrylquinolines: an application of the CAN-catalyzed vinylogous type-II Povarov reaction. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Wang Z, Martin J, Abubucker S, Yin Y, Gasser RB, Mitreva M. Systematic analysis of insertions and deletions specific to nematode proteins and their proposed functional and evolutionary relevance. BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:23. [PMID: 19175938 PMCID: PMC2644674 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amino acid insertions and deletions in proteins are considered relatively rare events, and their associations with the evolution and adaptation of organisms are not yet understood. In this study, we undertook a systematic analysis of over 214,000 polypeptides from 32 nematode species and identified insertions and deletions unique to nematode proteins in more than 1000 families and provided indirect evidence that these alterations are linked to the evolution and adaptation of nematodes. Results Amino acid alterations in sequences of nematodes were identified by comparison with homologous sequences from a wide range of eukaryotic (metzoan) organisms. This comparison revealed that the proteins inferred from transcriptomic datasets for nematodes contained more deletions than insertions, and that the deletions tended to be larger in length than insertions, indicating a decreased size of the transcriptome of nematodes compared with other organisms. The present findings showed that this reduction is more pronounced in parasitic nematodes compared with the free-living nematodes of the genus Caenorhabditis. Consistent with a requirement for conservation in proteins involved in the processing of genetic information, fewer insertions and deletions were detected in such proteins. On the other hand, more insertions and deletions were recorded for proteins inferred to be involved in the endocrine and immune systems, suggesting a link with adaptation. Similarly, proteins involved in multiple cellular pathways tended to display more deletions and insertions than those involved in a single pathway. The number of insertions and deletions shared by a range of plant parasitic nematodes were higher for proteins involved in lipid metabolism and electron transport compared with other nematodes, suggesting an association between metabolic adaptation and parasitism in plant hosts. We also identified three sizable deletions from proteins found to be specific to and shared by parasitic nematodes, which, given their uniqueness, might serve as target candidates for drug design. Conclusion This study illustrates the significance of using comparative genomics approaches to identify molecular elements unique to parasitic nematodes, which have adapted to a particular host organism and mode of existence during evolution. While the focus of this study was on nematodes, the approach has applicability to a wide range of other groups of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Wang
- The Genome Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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20
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Ferro S, De Luca L, Barreca ML, Iraci N, De Grazia S, Christ F, Witvrouw M, Debyser Z, Chimirri A. Docking Studies on a New Human Immodeficiency Virus Integrase−Mg−DNA Complex: Phenyl Ring Exploration and Synthesis of 1H-Benzylindole Derivatives through Fluorine Substitutions. J Med Chem 2008; 52:569-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8009266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Ferro
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, and IRC KULAK, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Laura De Luca
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, and IRC KULAK, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, and IRC KULAK, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, and IRC KULAK, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Sara De Grazia
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, and IRC KULAK, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Frauke Christ
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, and IRC KULAK, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Myriam Witvrouw
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, and IRC KULAK, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, and IRC KULAK, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Alba Chimirri
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy, Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, and IRC KULAK, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
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21
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Exploring the binding of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors by comparative residue interaction analysis (CoRIA). J Mol Model 2008; 15:233-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Sechi M, Rizzi G, Bacchi A, Carcelli M, Rogolino D, Pala N, Sanchez TW, Taheri L, Dayam R, Neamati N. Design and synthesis of novel dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:2925-35. [PMID: 19026554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we discovered linomide analogues as novel HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors. Here, to make possible structure-activity relationships, we report on the design and synthesis of a series of substituted dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids. The crystal structure of the representative compound 2c has also been solved. Among the eight new analogues, 2e showed a potency in inhibiting IN strand transfer catalytic activity similar to the reference diketo acid inhibitor L-731,988 (IC(50)=0.9 microM vs. 0.54 microM, for 2e and L-731,988, respectively). Furthermore, none of the compounds showed significant cytotoxicity in two tested cancer cell lines. These compounds represent an interesting prototype of IN inhibitors, potentially involved in a metal chelating mechanism, and further optimization is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sechi
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università di Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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23
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Dabiri M, Salehi P, Baghbanzadeh M, Nikcheh MS. A new and efficient one-pot procedure for the synthesis of 2-styrylquinolines. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Inhibitors of strand transfer that prevent integration and inhibit human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 early replication. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:3532-41. [PMID: 18316517 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01361-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The replication of the retrovirus human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is linked to the development of lymphoid malignancies and inflammatory diseases. Data from in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies have revealed that no specific treatment can prevent or block HTLV-1 replication and therefore that there is no therapy for the prevention and/or treatment of HTLV-1-associated diseases in infected individuals. HTLV-1 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrases, the enzymes that specifically catalyze the integration of these retroviruses in host cell DNA, share important structural properties, suggesting that compounds that inhibit HIV-1 integration could also inhibit HTLV-1 integration. We developed quantitative assays to test, in vitro and ex vivo, the efficiencies of styrylquinolines and diketo acids, the two main classes of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. The compounds were tested in vitro in an HTLV-1 strand-transfer reaction and ex vivo by infection of fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes with lethally irradiated HTLV-1-positive cells. In vitro, four styrylquinoline compounds and two diketo acid compounds significantly inhibited HTLV-1 integration in a dose-dependent manner. All compounds active in vitro decreased cell proliferation ex vivo, although at low concentrations; they also dramatically decreased both normalized proviral loads and the number of integration events during experimental ex vivo primary infection. Accordingly, diketo acids and styrylquinolines are the first drugs that produce a specific negative effect on HTLV-1 replication in vitro and ex vivo, suggesting their potential efficiency for the prevention and treatment of HTLV-1-associated diseases.
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25
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Courcot B, Firley D, Fraisse B, Becker P, Gillet JM, Pattison P, Chernyshov D, Sghaier M, Zouhiri F, Desmaële D, d'Angelo J, Bonhomme F, Geiger S, Ghermani NE. Crystal and electronic structures of magnesium(II), copper(II), and mixed magnesium(II)-copper(II) complexes of the quinoline half of styrylquinoline-type HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:6042-50. [PMID: 17488111 DOI: 10.1021/jp0687551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new target in AIDS therapy development is HIV-1 integrase (IN). It was proven that HIV-1 IN required divalent metal cations to achieve phosphodiester bond cleavage of DNA. Accordingly, all newly investigated potent IN inhibitors contain chemical fragments possessing a high ability to chelate metal cations. One of the promising leads in the polyhydroxylated styrylquinolines (SQLs) series is (E)-8-hydroxy-2-[2-(4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethenyl]-7-quinoline carboxylic acid (1). The present study focuses on the quinoline-based progenitor (2), which is actually the most probable chelating part of SQLs. Conventional and synchrotron low-temperature X-ray crystallographic studies were used to investigate the chelating power of progenitor 2. Mg2+ and Cu2+ cations were selected for this purpose, and three types of metal complexes of 2 were obtained: Mg(II) complex (4), Cu(II) complex (5) and mixed Mg(II)-Cu(II) complexes (6 and 7). The analysis of the crystal structure of complex 4 indicates that two tridentate ligands coordinate two Mg2+ cations, both in octahedral geometry. The Mg-Mg distance was found equal to 3.221(1) A, in agreement with the metal-metal distance of 3.9 A encountered in the crystal structure of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. In 5, the complex is formed by two bidentate ligands coordinating one copper ion in tetrahedral geometry. Both mixed Mg(II)-Cu(II) complexes, 6 and 7 exhibit an original arrangement of four ligands linked to a central heterometallic cluster consisting of three octahedrally coordinated magnesium ions and one tetrahedrally coordinated copper ion. Quantum mechanics calculations were also carried out in order to display the electrostatic potential generated by the dianionic ligand 2 and complex 4 and to quantify the binding energy (BE) during the formation of the magnesium complex of progenitor 2. A comparison of the binding energies of two hypothetical monometallic Mg(II) complexes with that found in the bimetallic magnesium complex 4 was made.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Courcot
- Ecole Centrale Paris, Laboratoire SPMS, UMR CNRS 8580 1, Grande Voie des Vignes, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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26
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Sridharan V, Avendaño C, Menéndez JC. CAN-catalyzed three-component reaction between anilines and alkyl vinyl ethers: stereoselective synthesis of 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines and studies on their aromatization. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Sechi M, Bacchi A, Carcelli M, Compari C, Duce E, Fisicaro E, Rogolino D, Gates P, Derudas M, Al-Mawsawi LQ, Neamati N. From ligand to complexes: inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase by beta-diketo acid metal complexes. J Med Chem 2006; 49:4248-60. [PMID: 16821784 DOI: 10.1021/jm060193m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
beta-Diketo acid-containing compounds are a promising class of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase (IN) inhibitors. Starting from the hypothesis that these inhibitors are able to coordinate ions in solution before interacting on the active site, a series of potentiometric measurements have been performed to understand the coordination ability of the diketo acid pharmacophore toward the biologically relevant Mg(2+). Moreover, by using beta-diketo acid/ester as model ligands with a set of divalent metal ions (Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, and Zn), we obtained a series of complexes and tested them for anti-HIV-1 IN activity. Results demonstrate that the diketo acid functionality chelates divalent metal ions in solution, and complexes with metals in different stoichiometric ratios are isolated. We postulate that the diketo acids act as complexes in their active form. In particular, they predominantly form species such as Mg(2)L(2+) and Mg(2)L(2) (derived from diketo acids, H(2)L), and MgL(+) and MgL(2) (derived from diketo esters, HL) at physiological pH. Furthermore, the synthesized mono- and dimetallic complexes inhibited IN at a high nanomolar to low micromolar range, with metal dependency in the phenyl diketo acid series. Retrospective analysis suggests that the electronic properties of the aromatic framework influence the metal-chelating ability of the diketo acid system. Therefore, the difference in activities is related to the complexes they preferentially form in solution, and these findings are important for the design of a new generation of IN inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sechi
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università di Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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28
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Familoni OB, Klaas PJ, Lobb KA, Pakade VE, Kaye PT. The Baylis–Hillman approach to quinoline derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:3960-5. [PMID: 17047876 DOI: 10.1039/b608592j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Baylis-Hillman reactions of 2-nitrobenzaldehydes with various activated alkenes afford adducts that undergo reductive cyclisation to quinoline derivatives. The chemo- and regioselectivity of cyclisation appears to be influenced by the choice of both the substrate and the reagent system, and competing reactions have been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwole B Familoni
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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29
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Firley D, Courcot B, Gillet JM, Fraisse B, Zouhiri F, Desmaële D, d'Angelo J, Ghermani NE. Experimental/Theoretical Electrostatic Properties of a Styrylquinoline-Type HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor and Its Progenitors. J Phys Chem B 2005; 110:537-47. [PMID: 16471566 DOI: 10.1021/jp0582179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have established that polyhydroxylated styrylquinolines are potent inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase (IN). Among them, we have identified (E)-8-hydroxy-2-[2-(4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethenyl]-7-quinolinecarboxylic acid (1) as a promising lead. Previous molecular dynamics simulations and docking procedures have shown that the inhibitory activity involves one or two metal cations (Mg2+), which are present in the vicinity of the active center of the enzyme. However, such methods are generally based on a force-field approach and still remain not as reliable as ab initio calculations with extended basis sets on the whole system. To go further in this area, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictive ability of the electron density and electrostatic properties in the structure-activity relationships of this class of HIV-1 antiviral drugs. The electron properties of the two chemical progenitors of 1 were derived from both high-resolution X-ray diffraction experiments and ab initio calculations. The twinning phenomenon and solvent disorder were observed during the crystal structure determination of 1. Molecule 1 exhibits a planar s-trans conformation, and a zwitterionic form in the crystalline state is obtained. This geometry was used for ab initio calculations, which were performed to characterize the electronic properties of 1. The electron densities, electrostatic potentials, and atomic charges of 1 and its progenitors are here compared and analyzed. The experimental and theoretical deformation density bond peaks are very comparable for the two progenitors. However, the experimental electrostatic potential is strongly affected by the crystal field and cannot straightforwardly be used as a predictive index. The weak difference in the theoretical electron densities between 1 and its progenitors reveals that each component of 1 conserves its intrinsic properties, an assumption reinforced by a 13C NMR study. This is also shown through an excellent correlation of the atomic charges for the common fragments. The electrostatic potential minima in zwitterionic and nonzwitterionic forms of 1 are discussed in relation with the localization of possible metal chelation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Firley
- Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides, UMR CNRS 8580, Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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30
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Jankowski CK, Foucher S, Fermandjian S, Maroun RG. Study of peptide oligomer derived from HIV-1 integrase molecular modelling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2005.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Di Santo R, Costi R, Artico M, Ragno R, Greco G, Novellino E, Marchand C, Pommier Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of heteroaryl diketohexenoic and diketobutanoic acids as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors endowed with antiretroviral activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:409-17. [PMID: 15910813 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2004] [Accepted: 03/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) using reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) inhibitors and, more recently, inhibitors of the fusion is currently the best clinical approach in combating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by infection from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). However, this therapy does not completely eradicate the virus, so that resistant strains easily emerge. The above problem calls urgently for research on inhibitors of further viral targets such as integrase (IN), the third enzyme produced by HIV. Recently, our research group was engaged in studies on conformationally restrained cinnamoyl compounds related to curcumin as anti-IN agents. Compounds containing both a 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl group and a carboxylic acid function were potent IN inhibitors active against viral replication. More recently, a promising new class of inhibitors synthesized by Merck Company has emerged, which contain aryldiketoacid (ADK) functionality. The ADKs selectively inhibited the stand transfer (ST) step of integration and were proven to be effective IN inhibitors in vivo. Our interest in the field of IN inhibitors led us to design pyrrole and indole derivatives containing both a cinnamoyl moiety and a diketoacid group. A number of the cited derivatives were proven potent IN inhibitors, which selectively inhibited the ST step at submicromolar concentrations and were effective against virus replication in HIV-1 infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Santo
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Studi Farmaceutici, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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32
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Sechi M, Sannia L, Carta F, Palomba M, Dallocchio R, Dessì A, Derudas M, Zawahir Z, Neamati N. Design of novel bioisosteres of beta-diketo acid inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase. Antivir Chem Chemother 2005; 16:41-61. [PMID: 15739621 DOI: 10.1177/095632020501600105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 integrase (IN) is an attractive and validated target for the development of novel therapeutics against AIDS. Significant efforts have been devoted to the identification of IN inhibitors using various methods. In this context, through virtual screening of the NCI database and structure-based drug design strategies, we identified several pharmacophoric fragments and incorporated them on various aromatic or heteroaromatic rings. In addition, we designed and synthesized a series of 5-aryl(heteroaryl)-isoxazole-3-carboxylic acids as biological isosteric analogues of beta-diketo acid containing inhibitors of HIV-1 IN and their derivatives. Further computational docking studies were performed to investigate the mode of interactions of the most active ligands with the IN active site. Results suggested that some of the tested compounds could be considered as lead compounds and suitable for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sechi
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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33
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Wang T, John S, Archuleta S, Jonsson CB. Rapid, high-throughput purification of HIV-1 integrase using microtiter plate technology. Protein Expr Purif 2004; 33:232-7. [PMID: 14711511 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2003.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) integrase (IN) catalyzes the insertion of the retroviral genome into the chromosome of an infected host cell. HIV-1 IN was expressed as a N-terminal hexa-histidine fusion in Escherichia coli. A high-throughput purification strategy was developed using denaturing methods for the initial protein extraction, followed by a one-step nickel-chelating chromatography purification and step-wise refolding. IN was routinely greater than 90% pure with yields exceeding 14 microg of purified IN per ml of E. coli culture. In vitro 3' processing and strand transfer assays showed the enzyme preparations to be highly active. The specific activity of the purified IN was 2.65 pmol/h/microg IN, which is very similar to the activity of IN routinely produced by large-scale column chromatographic methods. This high-throughput platform should be of general utility to those interested in defining the structure-function relationship of proteins and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
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34
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Parveen Z, Mukhtar M, Goodrich A, Acheampong E, Dornburg R, Pomerantz RJ. Cross-packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vector RNA by spleen necrosis virus proteins: construction of a new generation of spleen necrosis virus-derived retroviral vectors. J Virol 2004; 78:6480-8. [PMID: 15163741 PMCID: PMC416548 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.12.6480-6488.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the nonlentiviral retrovirus spleen necrosis virus (SNV) to cross-package the genomic RNA of the distantly related human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and vice versa was analyzed. Such a model may allow us to further study HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis, as well as to develop safe gene therapy vectors. Our results suggest that SNV can cross-package HIV-1 genomic RNA but with lower efficiency than HIV-1 proteins. However, HIV-1-specific proteins were unable to cross-package SNV RNA. We also constructed SNV-based gag-pol chimeric variants by replacing the SNV integrase with the HIV-1 integrase, based on multiple sequence alignments and domain analyses. These analyses revealed that there are conserved domains in all retroviral integrase open reading frames (orf), despite the divergence in the primary sequences. The transcomplementation assays suggested that SNV proteins recognized one of the chimeric variants. This demonstrated that HIV-1 integrase is functional in the SNV gag-pol orf with a lower transduction efficiency, utilizing homologous (SNV) RNA, as well as the heterologous vector RNA of HIV-1. These findings suggest that homology in the conserved sequences of the integrase protein may not be fully competent in the replacement of protein(s) from one retrovirus to another, and there are likely several other factors involved in each of the steps related to replication, integration, and infection. However, further studies to dissect the gag-pol region will be critical for understanding the mechanisms involved in the cleavage of reverse transcriptase, RNase H, and integrase. These studies should provide further insight into the design and development of novel molecular approaches to block HIV-1 replication and to construct a new generation of SNV-based vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahida Parveen
- Dorrance H. Hamilton Laboratories, Center for Human Virology and Biodefense, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St., Ste. 329, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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35
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Bénard C, Zouhiri F, Normand-Bayle M, Danet M, Desmaële D, Leh H, Mouscadet JF, Mbemba G, Thomas CM, Bonnenfant S, Le Bret M, d'Angelo J. Linker-modified quinoline derivatives targeting HIV-1 integrase: synthesis and biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2473-6. [PMID: 15109635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Revised: 02/04/2004] [Accepted: 03/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors was synthesized and tested in both in vitro and ex vivo assays. These inhibitors are featured by the presence of a quinoline subunit and an ancillary aromatic ring linked by functionalized spacers such as amide, hydrazide, urea and 1-hydroxyprop-1-en-3-one moiety. Amide derivatives are the most promising ones and could serve as leads for further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Bénard
- CNRS UMR 8076, Centre d'Etudes Pharmaceutiques, Chimie Organique, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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36
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De Luca L, Pedretti A, Vistoli G, Barreca ML, Villa L, Monforte P, Chimirri A. Analysis of the full-length integrase-DNA complex by a modified approach for DNA docking. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 310:1083-8. [PMID: 14559226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A model of the full-length HIV-1 integrase dimer was constructed assembling the experimentally determined structures of the single domains. Subsequently, the three-domain protein-viral DNA complex was generated for the first time through an automated docking algorithm, obtained modifying the ESCHER program, a well-known method for protein-protein docking. A detailed study of the contacts established with DNA by the enzyme revealed that the predicted model reproduced the results of mutagenesis and cross-linking experiments, confirming the validity of our docking approach in predicting the base specificity in the DNA-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Luca
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina,Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
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37
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Sechi M, Sannia L, Orecchioni M, Carta F, Paglietti G, Neamati N. Structural investigation of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles by1H-nuclear magnetic resonance. J Heterocycl Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570400621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Yu D, Suzuki M, Xie L, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Recent progress in the development of coumarin derivatives as potent anti-HIV agents. Med Res Rev 2003; 23:322-45. [PMID: 12647313 DOI: 10.1002/med.10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Numerous plant-derived compounds have been evaluated for inhibitory effects against HIV replication, and some coumarins have been found to inhibit different stages in the HIV replication cycle. This review article describes recent progress in the discovery, structure modification, and structure-activity relationship studies of potent anti-HIV coumarin derivatives. A dicamphanoyl-khellactone (DCK) analog, which was discovered and developed in our laboratory, and calanolide A are currently in preclinical studies and clinical trials, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Yu
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Marchand C, Zhang X, Pais GCG, Cowansage K, Neamati N, Burke TR, Pommier Y. Structural determinants for HIV-1 integrase inhibition by beta-diketo acids. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:12596-603. [PMID: 11805103 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110758200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all the HIV-1 integrase inhibitors, the beta-diketo acids (DKAs) represent a major lead in anti-HIV-1 integrase drug design. These derivatives inhibit the integration reaction in vitro with a strong specificity for the 3'-end joining step. They are also antiviral and inhibit integration in vivo. The aim of the present study has been to investigate the molecular interactions between DKAs and HIV-1 integrase. We have compared 5CITEP with one of the most potent DKAs reported by the Merck group (L-708,906) and found that 5CITEP inhibits 3'-processing at concentrations where L-708,906 is only active on strand transfer. We also report a novel bifunctional DKA derivative that inhibits 3'-processing even more effectively than 5CITEP. The interactions of these inhibitors with the viral DNA donor ends have been studied by performing experiments with oligonucleotides containing defined modifications. We propose that the bifunctional DKA derivative binds to both the acceptor and donor sites of HIV-1 integrase, whereas the monofunctional L-708,906 derivative binds selectively to the acceptor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Marchand
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
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HIV-1 replication inhibitors of the styrylquinoline class: incorporation of a masked diketo acid pharmacophore. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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