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Moradi S, Abdollahi MR, Moradi A, Jamshidi L. Effect of Bacterial Phytase on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, and Bone Mineralization in Broilers Fed Pelleted Diets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091450. [PMID: 37174487 PMCID: PMC10177589 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of a bacterial 6-phytase on growth performance, coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) of nutrients, blood parameters, and bone mineralization in broilers was evaluated. A total of 630 one-day-old male broilers were allocated to 7 dietary treatments, including positive control (PC) diet containing dicalcium phosphate, the PC marginally reduced in available P (avP) by 0.1% and calcium (Ca) by 0.2% vs. PC (NC1) or moderately reduced by 0.15 and 0.3% vs. PC (NC2), respectively, and four further diets comprising the NC1 and NC2 supplemented with 500 or 1000 FTU/kg of phytase in starter and finisher phases. A constant Ca to avP ratio was maintained across all diets. The body weight gain (BWG) and feed per unit gain (FCR) of birds fed NC1 and NC2 diets supplemented with phytase (500 and 1000 U/kg) was equivalent to that of birds fed the PC diet at 35 days. Phytase supplementation in the NC1 diet linearly increased the CAID of nitrogen (N) (p < 0.01), phosphorus (P) (p < 0.01), and Ca (p < 0.05). Additionally, phytase reduced (p < 0.01) excreta P concentration by approximately 27%, improved (p < 0.001) toe ash, and tended to increase tibia ash (p = 0.08), comparable with the PC. In conclusion, the addition of bacterial 6-phytase dosed in the range of 500-1000 FTU/kg was effective in replacing 1.5 g/kg avP and 3 g/kg Ca in broilers fed pelleted diets, using bone quality, BWG, and FCR as outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Moradi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah 85438-67156, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Center, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Arash Moradi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah 85438-67156, Iran
| | - Leili Jamshidi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam 516-69315, Iran
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Growth studies in commercial broiler birds offered citric acid in formulated feed with low mineral density. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:33. [PMID: 36607441 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Study of 35 days was conducted to evaluate citric acid (CA) as an additive in poultry broiler feed with lower mineral content of calcium (Ca) and total phosphorus (TP) in commercial broiler poultry birds for its effect on growth, nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics, and economics. Vancobb-400 strain day old broiler chicks were divided into four main treatment groups T0, T1, T2, and T3. Treatment groups were further divided into eight replicates with ten chicks in each. T0 served as control, given standard corn-soy flakes-based ration (Pre-starter %: Crude protein (CP)-23, Ca-1.00, TP-0.70; Starter %: CP-22, Ca-1.10, TP-0.72, and Finisher %: CP-20, Ca-0.99, TP-0.70). Treatment T1 served as positive control with added 0.5% CA (Pre-starter %: CP-23, Ca-1.00, TP-0.70; Starter %: CP-22, Ca-1.10, TP-0.72 and Finisher %: CP-20, Ca-0.99, TP-0.70). Treatment T2 was given feed containing 0.5% CA with low Ca and TP content (Pre-starter %: CP-23, Ca-0.90, TP-0.66; Starter %: CP-22, Ca-0.99, TP-0.71 and Finisher %: CP-20, Ca-0.90, TP-0.69), whereas treatment T3 was given feed containing 0.5% CA with moderately low Ca and TP content (Pre-starter %: CP-23, Ca-0.80, TP-0.65; Starter %: CP-22, Ca-0.88, TP-0.70 and Finisher %: CP-20, Ca-0.79, TP-0.68). Birds offered moderately low Ca and TP with 0.5% CA addition, exhibited higher growth rate (P < 0.05), better nutrient utilization with positive influence on dressing percentage and forequarters weight. Economics of broiler feeding revealed that 0.5% CA supplementation fetched highest gross return above feed cost in broiler birds offered feed with moderately low Ca and TP content whereas lowest profit was recorded in feed with low content of Ca and TP. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.5% CA in feed with low and moderately low Ca and TP content positively influenced overall growth, and carcass characteristics. Economics of broiler feeding with moderately low Ca and TP content revealed highest profit with CA (0.5%) supplementation.
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Nutritional and Functional Roles of Phytase and Xylanase Enhancing the Intestinal Health and Growth of Nursery Pigs and Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233322. [PMID: 36496844 PMCID: PMC9740087 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review paper discussed the nutritional and functional roles of phytase and xylanase enhancing the intestinal and growth of nursery pigs and broiler chickens. There are different feed enzymes that are currently supplemented to feeds for nursery pigs and broiler chickens. Phytase and xylanase have been extensively studied showing consistent results especially related to enhancement of nutrient digestibility and growth performance of nursery pigs and broiler chickens. Findings from recent studies raise the hypothesis that phytase and xylanase could play functional roles beyond increasing nutrient digestibility, but also enhancing the intestinal health and positively modulating the intestinal microbiota of nursery pigs and broiler chickens. In conclusion, the supplementation of phytase and xylanase for nursery pigs and broiler chickens reaffirmed the benefits related to enhancement of nutrient digestibility and growth performance, whilst also playing functional roles benefiting the intestinal microbiota and reducing the intestinal oxidative damages. As a result, it could contribute to a reduction in the feed costs by allowing the use of a wider range of feedstuffs without compromising the optimal performance of the animals, as well as the environmental concerns associated with a poor hydrolysis of antinutritional factors present in the diets for swine and poultry.
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Interactive effects of calcium, vitamin D3, and exogenous phytase on phosphorus utilization in male broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days post-hatch: A meta-analysis approach. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mirisakhani L, Taheri H. Interactive effect of calcium, citric acid, and high-dose phytase on performance of broiler chicken fed diet severely limited in phosphorus. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lagos LV, Bedford MR, Stein HH. Apparent digestibility of energy and nutrients and efficiency of microbial phytase is influenced by body weight of pigs. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac269. [PMID: 35980766 PMCID: PMC9584156 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that regardless of pig body weight (BW), increasing dietary phytase results in increased phytate degradation and improved digestibility of minerals, amino acids (AA), and gross energy (GE). Eighteen pigs were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and allotted to a triplicated 6 × 3 Youden square design with six diets and three collection periods of 7 d, for a total of nine replicate pigs per diet. This design was repeated four times to simulate four production phases, and there was a 7-d resting period before each collection phase started (BW at start of collections: 29.3, 53.6, 85.1, and 114.4 kg for phases 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). Six corn-soybean meal diets were formulated by including 0, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 phytase units/kg feed (FTU). The six diets were used throughout the experiment. Samples of feces and ileal digesta were collected in each period. Results indicated that regardless of pig BW, increasing inclusion of phytase increased (quadratic; P < 0.05) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and most AA, increased apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca, P, K, Mg (linear and quadratic; P < 0.05), and Na (linear; P < 0.05), but decreased (linear and quadratic; P < 0.05) AID and ATTD of GE. In all phases, ileal concentrations of inositol phosphate (IP) 6, IP5, IP4, and IP3 decreased (linear and quadratic; P < 0.05), whereas ileal inositol increased (linear and quadratic; P < 0.05) with increasing dietary phytase. However, as pig BW increased, AID of GE, CP, and AA increased (linear, P < 0.05), and the AID of a few AA (Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, Ala, Asp, Gly, and Ser) also increased quadratically (P < 0.05). The ATTD of GE, K, and Mg increased (linear and quadratic; P < 0.05), but ATTD of Ca and Na (linear; P < 0.05) and of P (linear and quadratic; P < 0.05) decreased as pig BW increased. Ileal IP6 and IP3 (linear and quadratic; P < 0.05) and ileal IP5 and IP4 (linear; P < 0.05) increased, whereas ileal inositol decreased (linear; P < 0.05) as pig BW increased. In conclusion, regardless of pig BW, increasing dietary phytase increased phytate degradation and inositol release in the small intestine, and consequently increased mineral and AA digestibility. Older pigs have reduced Ca, P, and Na digestibility, but increased K, Mg, AA, and GE digestibility compared with younger pigs. The efficiency of dietary phytase to degrade phytate appears to decrease as pigs get older.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vanessa Lagos
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Hans H Stein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Selim S, Abdel-Megeid NS, Khalifa HK, Fakiha KG, Majrashi KA, Hussein E. Efficacy of Various Feed Additives on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Bone Quality, Blood Constituents, and Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization of Broiler Chickens Fed Low Phosphorus Diet. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141742. [PMID: 35883289 PMCID: PMC9312087 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present trial was designed to assess the effect of phytase, multi-strain probiotic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and fumaric acid on performance, nutrient digestibility, bone physical parameters and mineralization, blood constituents, bone and gut histomorphology, and duodenal phosphorus transporter genes of broiler chickens fed a decreased non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) diet for 5 weeks. A total of 480 broiler chickens were allotted to six dietary groups and eight replicates each: (1) positive control diet with recommended levels of nPP (PC; 0.48, 0.44, and 0.41% in the three feeding phases); (2) negative control diet with a decreased dietary nPP (NC; 0.28, 0.24, and 0.21% in the three feeding phases); (3) NC + 600 FTU/kg phytase (PHY); (4) NC + 0.05% multi-strain probiotic (PRO); (5) NC + 0.2% Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC); and (6) NC + 0.2% fumaric acid. Growth performance data were recorded weekly, and blood sampling was performed at days 21 and 35 of age. Bone quality traits, gut and tibia histology, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal gene expression analyses were conducted at the end of the trial (35 days of age). Final body weight and total gain at day 35 of age of the broiler chickens fed with the PHY, PRO, and SC diets were greater (p < 0.01) than in NC, where broilers fed with the PRO and PHY diets had higher values and were similar to that of PC. There was a non-significant variation in the cumulative feed intake among the treatment groups. The PHY and PRO groups had better FCR than the PC group (p < 0.05), and FA and SC had an FCR equivalent to that of PC. The PHY and PRO broilers had greater dressing % than the NC group (p < 0.05) and even better than PC. The PHY, PRO, SC, and FA broilers had higher relative weights of spleen and bursa of Fabricius (p < 0.01) than NC. In comparison to NC, the PHY, PRO, and SC groups improved (p < 0.05) CP, CF, Ca, and P digestibility. Greater tibia breaking strength of the low nPP-supplemented groups was shown to be associated with higher tibia ash, Ca, and P concentrations (p < 0.01) and increased (p < 0.001) tibia cortical area thickness. At days 21 and 35 of age, the dietary supplements to low nPP diets reduced (p < 0.05) serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, glucose, and alkaline phosphatase levels, while serum Ca and P concentrations were improved (p < 0.05) compared to NC. All supplements led to enhancement (p < 0.01) in villi height and width and villi absorptive surface area when compared with NC and were even comparable to that of PC. The mRNA expression of NaP-IIb was up-regulated (p < 0.001) in the duodenum of PRO and FA broilers at day 35 of age compared with NC, and their expression levels were similar to that of PC, indicating greater P availability. It is concluded that dietary supplementation of PHY, PRO, SC, and FA to a low nPP diet was advantageous and mitigated the negative impacts of P reduction on the growth performance, health, nutrient digestibility, and bone quality of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Selim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Menoufia, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Nazema S. Abdel-Megeid
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Hanem K. Khalifa
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Khloud G. Fakiha
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21493, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kamlah A. Majrashi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eman Hussein
- Department of Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Menoufia, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt;
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Growth Performance, Bone Development and Phosphorus Metabolism in Chicks Fed Diets Supplemented with Phytase Are Associated with Alterations in Gut Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070940. [PMID: 35405927 PMCID: PMC8997062 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Phosphorus is a crucial component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, several coenzymes and bone, and plays numerous roles in nutrient metabolism in animals. We investigated the growth performance, bone development, phosphorus metabolism and gut microbiota changes elicited by different phosphorus levels with/without phytase in chicks during the brooding period. Low-phosphorus diets inhibited growth performance and bone development, decreased utilization of phosphorus and altered gut microbial structure and function in the brooding stage of chicks. Inclusion of phytase improved growth performance and bone development and decreased phosphorus emission. The potential mechanisms may be associated with gut microbiota reprogramming. Abstract Phosphorus pollution caused by animal husbandry is becoming increasingly problematic, especially where decreasing and non-renewable phosphorus resources are concerned. We investigated the growth performance, bone development, phosphorus metabolism and gut microbiota changes elicited by different phosphorus levels with/without phytase in chicks during the brooding period (1–42 d). Five-hundred-and-forty (540) egg-laying chickens were assigned to six groups (0.13% NPP, 0.29% NPP, 0.45% NPP, 0.13% NPP + P, 0.29% NPP + P and 0.45% NPP + P) according to a factorial design with three non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) levels (0.13, 0.29 and 0.45%) and two phytase (P) dosages (0 and 200 FTU/kg). Chicks fed with the diet with 0.13% NPP had the lowest body weight, average daily gain, shank length, average daily feed intake and highest ratio of feed to gain, while phytase supplementation was able to mitigate the adverse effects of low-phosphorus diets on growth performance. Moreover, phosphorus metabolism was affected by different dietary NPP and phytase levels. Thus, 0.13% NPP significantly reduced serum phosphorus, while phytase supplementation significantly increased serum phosphorus. Notably, phosphorus utilization in the 0.13% NPP group was significantly decreased and the phosphorus excretion ratio was increased. Phytase supplementation significantly improved phosphorus utilization by 43.79% and decreased phosphorus emission in the 0.13% NPP group but not in the 0.29% NPP or the 0.45% NPP group. Remarkably, the alpha diversity of gut microbiota was significantly decreased in the low-phosphorus group, while phytase supplementation increased alpha diversity and improved gut microbial community and function. The LEfSe analysis revealed that several differential genera (e.g., Bacteroides, norank_f__Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group and Eggerthella) were enriched in the different dietary NPP and phytase levels. Furthermore, correlations between differential genera and several crucial phenotypes suggested that the enrichment of beneficial bacteria with different levels of phosphorus and phytase promoted phosphorus utilization in the foregut and hindgut. In summary, low-phosphorus diets inhibited growth performance and bone development, decreased utilization of phosphorus and altered gut microbial structure and function in the brooding stage of chicks. Finally, phytase supplementation improves growth performance and bone development and decreases phosphorus emission, and the potential mechanisms may be associated with the reprogramming of gut microbiota.
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Malheiros R, Moraes V, Anderson K, Castro F, Ferrel J. Influence of dietary dacitic tuff breccia on laying hen performance and egg quality parameters and bone structure at 85 weeks of age after a non-anorexic molt program at 73 to 77 weeks. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101718. [PMID: 35172232 PMCID: PMC8851254 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of AZOMITE (AZM), a dacitic tuff breccia, in laying hens through egg quality and production parameters. A total of ninety six 73-wk-old Hy-Line W-36 commercial laying hens were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments, a control diet and the same diet containing 0.25% AZM, with 24 replicates of 2 hens/replication. From 73 to 77 wk, hens went through nonanorexic molt, and, from 77 to 85 wk, the hens were evaluated for egg production, eggshell quality, and bone health. At wk 85, tibiotarsi were collected for ash and mineral composition, ileal contents were collected for calcium, phosphorus, apparent metabolizable energy corrected for N (AMEn), and apparent nitrogen retention (ANR) evaluation. AZM-fed hens tended to have higher body weight (P = 0.07) from 82 to 83 and 84 to 85 wk, and higher hen day egg production than control (90.54 vs. 79.51%, P = 0.005) from 84 to 85 wk. In general, no differences were reported in feed intake, eggshell color, egg weight, albumen height, Haugh units, or eggshell thickness (P > 0.05). However, shell strength and elasticity were improved (P < 0.02) and yolk color was decreased (P = 0.03) in AZM-fed hens than control. Moreover, the digestibility of Ca, AMEn, and ANR was increased with 0.25% AZM compared to control (P < 0.01). Tibiotarsi P and Ca percentage were lower in AZM-fed birds than control (P < 0.01), without affecting bone strength and mineral density (P > 0.36). Therefore, the use of 0.25% AZM showed a potential in improving egg production and eggshell strength, while maintaining bone quality in post-molt laying hens.
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Mesgar A, Aghdam Shahryar H, Bailey CA, Ebrahimnezhad Y, Mohan A. Effect of Dietary L-Threonine and Toxin Binder on Performance, Blood Parameters, and Immune Response of Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B 1. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030192. [PMID: 35324689 PMCID: PMC8951136 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of L-Threonine (L-Thr) and Mycofix® Plus (MP) on aflatoxicosis, an experiment with a 3-way ANOVA model was carried out with 8 replicates and 640 birds. Treatments included two levels of L-Thr (100% and 125% of the requirements, Cobb 500, Cobb-Vantress), Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (0, 500 ppb), and MP (0, 1 g/kg). As the main effects showed, AFB1 decreased breast meat yield and carcass percentage (p < 0.001), serum urea, antibody titer against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and bone density (p < 0.05), while it increased the plasma concentrations of glucose and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p < 0.05). Mycofix Plus improved the grower feed intake (FI), tibia fresh weight, and body weight (BW) to bone weight (p < 0.05). L-Threonine increased the grower FI, breast meat yield, serum aspartate transaminase (AST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (p < 0.05). There were positive interactions with breast meat yield, cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and IBV titer. Of the treatments used, the combination of L-Thr and MP without AFB1 improved breast meat and carcass percentage. L-Threonine and MP significantly improved IBV titer in birds challenged with AFB1 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, L-Thr and MP were beneficial to improve immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Mesgar
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar 5381637181, Iran; (A.M.); (H.A.S.); (Y.E.)
| | - Habib Aghdam Shahryar
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar 5381637181, Iran; (A.M.); (H.A.S.); (Y.E.)
| | - Christopher Anthony Bailey
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: (C.A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Yahya Ebrahimnezhad
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar 5381637181, Iran; (A.M.); (H.A.S.); (Y.E.)
| | - Anand Mohan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Correspondence: (C.A.B.); (A.M.)
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Kristoffersen S, Wiśniewska Z, Kaczmarek S, Gjefsen T, Kjos NP, Cowieson AJ, Svihus B. Assessment of crop usage in ad libitum fed birds and short-term phytase efficiency as affected by acid addition. Br Poult Sci 2021; 63:414-420. [PMID: 34870526 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.2012126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
1. A field assessment was performed to map the extent of crop usage and thus retention time in broiler chickens. In addition, a broiler experiment was carried out to study the short-term effect of acid addition on phytase efficacy in the crop.2. In the field assessment, the crop content of 40 ad libitum fed broiler chickens from four different farms were sampled at 10, 20 and 30 d of age. The dry matter (DM) content varied from zero to 32 g.3. From 11 d of age, 120 individually caged chickens were intermittently fed a high phytate-P diet with either no addition or 500 FYT C. braakii-derived phytase added or both phytase and 1.4 % formic acid added. Excreta were collected for assessment of phosphorus (P) retention. At 20 and 21 d of age, starved birds were fed for 1 h, and thereafter crop and gizzard contents were collected every 20 min until 140 min after start of the feeding. At 60 and 140 min, the contents from the jejunum and ileum were collected.4. All diets reduced the concentration of phytate in the crop, however the combination of acid and phytase resulted in a higher degradation (P<0.05) than the other diets from 20 min after the start of feeding. Simultaneously, the concentration of the smaller inositol phosphate isomers, such as inositol-5-phosphate, increased (P<0.05). Phytase increased (P<0.05) P retention, and the combination of acid and phytase increased jejunal P digestibility (P<0.05) compared to the other diets.5. The results indicated that lower pH in the crop due to acid addition improved phytase efficacy and increased P digestibility in the anterior digestive tract, even with short retention times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siril Kristoffersen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway and Felleskjøpet Rogaland Agder, Sandvikveien 21, N-4002 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Zuzanna Wiśniewska
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kaczmarek
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Torger Gjefsen
- Felleskjøpet Rogaland Agder, Sandvikveien 21, N-4002 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Nils Petter Kjos
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway
| | - Aaron J Cowieson
- DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Birger Svihus
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway
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Zhang D, Xu S, Xu H, Wang X, Liu P, Xu H, Qi Z. Phosphorus equivalency of phytase with various evaluation indicators of duck in starter. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1345-1355. [PMID: 34773306 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate phosphorus (P) equivalency of phytase with various evaluation indicators of ducks in starter (0-14 days). Three hundred and twenty 1-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly assigned to eight groups. The dietary treatments were four levels of available phosphorus (aP) with 0.25%, 0.32%, 0.39%, and 0.46% (treatments I-IV) and four levels of phytase added to low-aP basal diet (treatment I) with 300, 600, 900, and 1200 units (U) per kg (treatments V-VIII). The results were that compared to treatment I, increasing aP and supplementary phytase significantly (p < 0.05) improved body weight (BW), BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), live BW, carcass weight, semieviscerated weight, eviscerated weight, leg muscle weight, and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR). Treatments V and VI did not significantly increase tibia ash, tibia calcium, and tibia P of 14-day-old ducks (p > 0.05). Following the increase of aP level (treatments I-IV), apparent utilization of Ca and P of ducks increased with varying degrees. With the increase of dietary phytase level (treatments V-VIII), the apparent utilization of Ca and P showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) but an increasing trend. Serum P reached the highest level when adding 600 U/kg phytase (treatment VI). Serum Ca and serum alkaline phosphatase activity showed no significant difference among treatments V-VIII (p > 0.05). Based on corn-soybean-rapeseed meal diet, with the evaluation indexes of FI, BWG, tibia ash, tibia Ca, tibia P, and apparent utilization of Ca and P, the addition of 500 U/kg phytase could release aP of 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.08%, and 0.07%, respectively. On the same way, the addition of 1000 U/kg phytase could release aP of 0.07%, 0.09%, 0.06%, 0.02%, 0.07%, 0.09%, and 0.09%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingran Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujing Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiyao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongrun Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhili Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Wu Y, Xu S, Wang X, Xu H, Liu P, Xing X, Qi Z. Phosphorus equivalency of phytase with various evaluation indicators of meat duck. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101216. [PMID: 34525443 PMCID: PMC8445888 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present experiment was to determine the efficacy and the phosphorus (P) equivalency of phytase in the corn-soybean meal-rapeseed meal diets of Cherry Valley ducks from 1 to 35 d of age. 320 ducks were randomly divided into 8 blocks of 5 cages with 8 ducks per cage. This experiment included eight treatments diets. The available P levels of I to IV treatments were respectively 0.25%, 0.32%, 0.39%, 0.46% (d 1-14) and 0.20%, 0.27%, 0.34%, 0.41% (d 15-35). And 4 levels of phytase added to low-P basal diet (treatment I) with 300, 600, 900, and 1,200 U/kg (treatment V to VIII). Among them, treatment IV was a P-adequate positive control, treatment I was a low-P negative control. The ratio of calcium (Ca) to P was 1.3:1 for all diets. The other nutritional indexes in all diets were basically the same. Ducks were provided ad libitum access to water and experimental diets. The negative control diet reduced (P < 0.05) body weight, carcase weight, eviscerated weigh, breast muscle weight, leg muscle weight, bone ash, tibia Ca and tibia P, and increasing levels of available P and supplementary phytase significantly (P < 0.05) improved the growth performance and slaughtering performance of meat ducks. Phytase supplementation at a dose of 900 U/kg in the low-P basal diet increased the growth performance of ducks to a level comparable to that of a P-adequate diet. The available P level of 0.39% (1-14 d) and 0.34% (15-35 d) could meet the nutritional needs of meat ducks for P, and the apparent P utilization rate was high, and the effective utilization effect of P was the best. In addition, with the evaluation indexes of feed intake, body weight gain, tibia ash, tibia Ca, tibia P, content of blood Ca and P, the addition of 500 U/kg phytase could release available P of 0.02%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.04%, and 0.03%, respectively. In the same way, the addition of 1,000 U/kg phytase could release available phosphorus of 0.14%, 0.04%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.12%, and 0.01%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shujing Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongyang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peiyao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoguang Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhili Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Kristoffersen S, Itani K, Benzertiha A, Kierończyk B, Kjos NP, Svihus B. Effect of crop retention time and acidification of the feed on phytase efficacy in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:443-451. [PMID: 33467889 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1870661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1. An in vitro test to study the effect of pH reduction on phytic acid degradation over time for four commercial phytases was conducted. Changing the pH level affected phytate degradation over time differently for the various phytases (P < 0.05).2. The phytase with the largest response of pH reduction in the in vitro test and a feed pH level of 4.5 was chosen for the broiler experiment. The effect of intermittent feeding, addition of 500 FYT C. braakii-derived phytase and 1% formic acid were tested in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Ten pens containing 10 birds each were fed each of the treatment combinations from 15 to 36 d of age. Ad libitum fed birds had two 4-h dark periods with 2-h light in-between, while intermittently fed birds in addition had restricted access to the feed through except for four 1-h and one 2-h feeding bouts.3. In addition to assessing performance, excreta were collected on a pen basis. The tibia and contents from jejunum and ileum were collected from one bird per pen. In addition, crop contents were collected from the intermittently fed birds 80, 160 and 240 min after the start of feeding.4. Phytase improved performance, ileal and jejunal P digestibility, P retention and tibia ash and P concentration (P < 0.001). Intermittent feeding increased jejunal P digestibility and P retention (P < 0.001), but ileal P digestibility increased only in the intermittently fed birds compared to the ad libitum fed birds without phytase addition (P = 0.025). Acidification increased jejunal P digestibility only in the ad libitum fed birds (P = 0.019). There was a considerable inositol hexakisphosphate degradation into lower isomers in the crop after 80 min for diets with phytase (InsP3 and 4:P < 0.001), and acidification further increased this degradation (InsP4:P = 0.007). After 160 min retention time, the effect of phytase and acidification was even higher with more significant (P < 0.05) interactions.5. The current data showed that prolonged retention time in the crop combined with feed acidification increased phytase efficacy by improving the phytate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kristoffersen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.,Felleskjøpet Rogaland Agder, Stavanger, Norway
| | - K Itani
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - A Benzertiha
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - B Kierończyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - N P Kjos
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - B Svihus
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Baradaran N, Shahir M, Taheri H, Bedford M. Effect of sequential feeding of phosphorus-deficient diets and high-dose phytase on efficient phosphorus utilization in broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Villagómez‐Estrada S, Pérez JF, van Kuijk S, Melo‐Durán D, Karimirad R, Solà‐Oriol D. Effects of two zinc supplementation levels and two zinc and copper sources with different solubility characteristics on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and digestibility of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:59-71. [PMID: 32969109 PMCID: PMC7821212 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two Zn supplemented levels and two Zn and Cu sources (sulphate and hydroxychloride) on growing-finishing pigs. An in vitro study and an in vivo study were conducted. In the in vitro study, Zn solubility from each source at different Zn supplementation levels was evaluated, as well as the phytic phosphorus (PP) solubility derived from the interaction or not with phytic acid at similar conditions to those found in digestive tract. The most critical interaction of Zn with phytic acid was at pH 6.5 and with Zn sulphate, resulting in the reduction in PP solubility. In the in vivo experiment, a total of 444 pigs ([Duroc × Landrace]×Pietrain; initial BW: 18.7 ± 0.20 kg) were allotted to 36 pens in a randomized complete block design (2 × 2) factorial arrangement with two Zn and Cu sources and two Zn supplemental levels (20 and 80 mg/kg). The Cu supplementation was fixed at 15 mg/kg for all diets. There was no effect of the interaction between mineral source × Zn level or Zn level on growth performance or carcass characteristics (p > .10). Apparent total digestibility of Zn and Cu along with carcass yield was higher for pigs fed hydroxychloride than pigs fed the sulphate counterparts (p < .05). Feeding low levels of Zn decreased Zn (45.5%; p < .0001) and Cu(18.5%; p = .018) faecal excretion. In conclusion, under commercial conditions, feeding growing-finishing pigs with Zn levels below those established by the European Union regulation did not affect growth performance and carcass characteristics. Reducing dietary mineral (Zn and Cu) diet content resulted in a lower faecal mineral excretion. Pigs fed sulphate minerals had an improved performance during grower period, while pigs fed hydroxychloride minerals showed an improved performance during finishing period and a greater carcass yield and mineral digestibility than those fed sulphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Villagómez‐Estrada
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare ServiceDepartment of Animal and Food ScienceUniversitat Autonòma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - José Francisco Pérez
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare ServiceDepartment of Animal and Food ScienceUniversitat Autonòma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Sandra van Kuijk
- Trouw Nutrition, Research and Development DepartmentAmersfoortThe Netherlands
| | - Diego Melo‐Durán
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare ServiceDepartment of Animal and Food ScienceUniversitat Autonòma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Razzagh Karimirad
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare ServiceDepartment of Animal and Food ScienceUniversitat Autonòma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
- Department of Animal ScienceLorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran
| | - David Solà‐Oriol
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare ServiceDepartment of Animal and Food ScienceUniversitat Autonòma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
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17
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Sajadi Hezaveh MS, Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I, Moradi MH. Single and combined effects of phytase and citric acid on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, bone characteristics, intestinal morphology, and blood components in meat-type quails fed low-phosphorous diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Effect of citric acid, vitamin D3, and high-dose phytase on performance of broiler chicken fed diet severely limited in non-phytate phosphorus. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Liu YF, Zhang KY, Zhang Y, Bai SP, Ding XM, Wang JP, Peng HW, Xuan Y, Su ZW, Zeng QF. Effects of graded levels of phytase supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemistry, tibia mineralization, and nutrient utilization in Pekin ducks. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4845-4852. [PMID: 32988521 PMCID: PMC7598322 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 560 one-day-old Pekin ducks were randomly allocated to 7 treatments with 8 replicate cages of 10 ducks per cage. The treatments included a corn-rice bran-soybean meal-based diet with recommended nonphytate phosphorus (NPP) (0.40% for 1-14 D/0.35% for 15-35 D, positive control; PC), NPP-deficient diet (0.22% for 1-14 D/0.18% for 15-35 D, negative control; NC), and NC diets supplemented with different levels of phytase (500, 2,500, 5,000, 7,500, 10,000 FTU/kg). Compared with the PC diet, feeding the NC diet significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the bird growth performance, serum total protein, and albumin concentration as well as tibia bone mineralization and strength and increased (P < 0.05) serum calcium (Ca), urea content, and alkaline phosphatase activity throughout the experimental period. Phytase supplementation to NC diets at 5,000 to 10,000 FTU/kg restored (P < 0.05) growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and tibia traits when compared with the levels of the PC. Moreover, the addition of phytase linearly increased (P < 0.05) dietary protein, Ca, and phosphorus (P) utilization as well as nitrogen output, and excreta iron, copper, manganese, and zinc concentration quadratically increased (P < 0.05) as well as P output. In conclusion, phytase at ≥5,000 FTU/kg was effective in ameliorating the negative effects of NC diets and reducing trace mineral supplementation in diet of Pekin ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - K Y Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Habio Bio-tech Co. Ltd., Mianyang 610000, China
| | - S P Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - X M Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - J P Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - H W Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Y Xuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Z W Su
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires, Sichuan Province 611130, China
| | - Q F Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires, Sichuan Province 611130, China.
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Nari N, Ghasemi H, Hajkhodadadi I, Farahani AK. Intestinal microbial ecology, immune response, stress indicators, and gut morphology of male broiler chickens fed low-phosphorus diets supplemented with phytase, butyric acid, or Saccharomyces boulardii. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.103975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Mohammadi Ziarat M, Kermanshahi H, Nasiri Mogaddam H, Majidzadeh Heravi R. Performance of an Escherichia coli phytase expressed in Lactococcus lactis on nutrient retention, bone traits and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:909-917. [PMID: 32128916 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The availability of plant phosphorus in the gut chicken can be improved by increasing phosphorus retention using phytase enzyme or a probiotic with phytase activity as an alternative. In this study, the efficacy of a recombinant probiotic, Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis), with a potential of phytase production was evaluated in broiler chickens. To this aim, 360 one-day-old male broiler Cobb 500 were divided into six treatments with six replicates and reared to 42 days of age. The experimental treatments included positive control diet containing adequate phosphorus (PC), negative control diet containing reduced available phosphorus (NC), negative control diet involving recombinant L. lactis (RLL), negative control diet containing both recombinant L. lactis and Lactobacillus salivarius (RLL + LBS), negative control diet including non-recombinant L. lactis (LL) and negative control diet containing Hostazym® . Growth performance, total tract apparent disappearance of phytate-P and nutrient retention, mineral content of the tibia and histomorphology of jejunum were evaluated at the age of 35 days. Based on the results, the phosphorus (P) deficiency in the diet reduced body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), length and strength of tibia and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to PC group. However, the supplementation of Hostazym® or RLL probiotic into the feed improved BW, ADG, FCR, disappearance of Phytate-P and retention of P, length and strength of the tibia in a level similar to PC treatment. Phosphorus content of tibia in the chickens fed P-deficient diets containing RLL was similar to that of the tibia in the control group. Excreta phytate and total P excretion of the chickens decreased when diets contained Hostazym® , RLL and RLL + LBS. In addition, the diet containing RLL + LBS probiotic increased villi height compared with other treatments (p < .05). Further, recombinant L. lactis could represent phytase activity in the gut environment of the chickens and could be an alternative to the commercial phytase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mohammadi Ziarat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Kermanshahi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Nasiri Mogaddam
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Majidzadeh Heravi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Nari N, Ghasemi HA. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, bone mineralization, and hormone profile in broilers fed with phosphorus-deficient diets supplemented with butyric acid and Saccharomyces boulardii. Poult Sci 2019; 99:926-935. [PMID: 32029169 PMCID: PMC7587796 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of butyric acid supplementation and Saccharomyces boulardii (alone or in combination) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, bone mineralization, and blood hormones of male broiler chickens fed a diet including reduced levels of nonphytate phosphorus (NPP). The chickens were allocated to 6 dietary treatments: 1) positive control diet with adequate amounts of NPP (PC; 0.48, 0.43, and 0.39% in the starter, grower, and finisher period, respectively); 2) negative control diet with low amounts of NPP (NC; 0.38, 0.33, and 0.29% in the starter, grower, and finisher period, respectively); 3) NC plus 500 FTU/kg microbial phytase (PHY); 4) NC plus 0.2% butyric acid (BA); 5) NC plus 1 × 108 cfu/kg S. boulardii (SB); 6) NC plus butyric acid and S. boulardii (BA+SB). Each treatment had 5 pen replicates of 25 birds. After 6 wk, the body weight and ADG in birds fed with any of the diets were higher (P < 0.001) than those in birds fed with the NC diet, where the birds fed with the PHY and BA+SB diets had the highest values. However, only the PHY diet improved (P = 0.041) overall F:G. All diets, except the SB diet, resulted in the increased apparent ileal digestibility coefficient (AIDC) of CP, AMEn, and tibia ash content and decreased serum alkaline phosphatase level compared with the NC diet (P < 0.05). Broiler chickens fed with the PHY, SB, and BA+SB diets also had increased AIDC of phosphorus (P = 0.017) than those fed with the NC and PC diets. Feeding PC, PHY, and BA+SB diets increased (P = 0.007) the tibia phosphorus content but decreased (P = 0.033) serum parathyroid hormone concentration. Overall, the present data indicate that the simultaneous inclusion of butyric acid plus S. boulardii in the low-NPP diets was beneficial for improving growth rate and bone mineralization, but not for feed efficiency.
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23
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Prebiotic fructans and organic acids as feed additives improving mineral availability. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933912000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Combination of phytase and organic acid for broilers: role in mineral digestibility and phytic acid degradation. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933918000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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dos Santos TS, Denadai JC, Sartori MMP, Júnior JMP, Aoyagi MM, Rezende JCR, Serpa PG, Muro EM, de Santana-Eich MR, Pasquali GAM, Dornelas LC, Netto RGF, Zanetti LH, Pezzato AC, Sartori JR. Performance and bone quality of broiler chicken fed a diet with reduced nonphytate phosphorus with bacterial phytases. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Souza dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Juliana Célia Denadai
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science, Botucatu, SP CEP 18610-307, Brazil
| | - João Martins Pizauro Júnior
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Technology, Jaboticabal, SP CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Mônica Megumi Aoyagi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cristina Ramos Rezende
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Paola Gentile Serpa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Everton Moreno Muro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Mayara Rodrigues de Santana-Eich
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Aguiar Mateus Pasquali
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carrasco Dornelas
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Gonçalves Ferreira Netto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Henrique Zanetti
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Antonio Celso Pezzato
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-681, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Sartori
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-681, Brazil
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Chang'a EP, Abdallh ME, Ahiwe EU, Al-Qahtani M, Mbaga S, Iji PA. Energy utilization, nutrient digestibility and bone quality of broiler chickens fed Tanzania-type diets in different forms with enzymes. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 61:192-203. [PMID: 31452906 PMCID: PMC6686144 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.4.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the influence of feed form and microbial enzyme supplementation on energy utilization, bone quality, and amino acid and mineral digestibility of broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty Ross 308, day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to eight diets formulated from commonly used ingredients in Tanzania. A 2 (pellet or mash) × 4 (control, Axtra XB, Quantum Blue (QB) and Axtra XB + QB enzyme) factorial array in a completely randomized design having six replicates per treatment (10 birds per replicate) was used. Birds were raised in climate-controlled rooms in a 3-phase; starter (0-10 days), grower (11-24 days) and finisher (25-35 days). Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), metabolizable energy intake, net energy of production, energy retained as protein (REp), and efficiency of metabolizable energy use for energy and protein retention were higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets. The AME and REp was higher (p < 0.05) with enzyme supplementation. Ash content, weight, length, width and breaking strength of tibia bones were highest (p < 0.05) in birds on pelleted diets. Tibia bone traits were improved (p < 0.05) when enzymes were included, particularly in a combination of QB and Axtra XB. However, potassium, magnesium, and zinc contents were highest (p < 0.05) when QB was supplemented. Digestibility of all amino acids was higher (p < 0.05) in birds supplied with pellets and with enzyme supplementation for most amino acids, except for serine. There was a positive interaction (p < 0.05) between feed form and enzymes on lysine and phenylalanine digestibility. Digestibility of Ca, P, K, S, Zn, and Fe was higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets, while those on mashed diets had higher (p < 0.05) digestibility of Cu and B. The digestibility of P, K, and Zn was highest (p < 0.001) when QB was added, while Ca, P, S, and B digestibility was highest when a combination of Axtra XB + QB was applied. Pelleted diets with or without enzymes improved energy utilization, digestibility of amino acids, and minerals, and increased bone strength in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Peter Chang'a
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.,Tanzania Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 352, TALIRI Mabuki, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Medani Eldow Abdallh
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.,Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 13314, Sudan
| | - Emmanuel Uchenna Ahiwe
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State 1526, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Said Mbaga
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Paul Ade Iji
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.,College of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry, Fiji National University, P.O. Box-1544, Nausori, Fiji
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Künzel S, Borda-Molina D, Kraft R, Sommerfeld V, Kühn I, Camarinha-Silva A, Rodehutscord M. Impact of coccidiostat and phytase supplementation on gut microbiota composition and phytate degradation in broiler chickens. Anim Microbiome 2019; 1:5. [PMID: 33499963 PMCID: PMC7803125 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-019-0006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is good evidence for a substantial endogenous phytase activity originating from the epithelial tissue or the microbiota resident in the digestive tract of broiler chickens. However, ionophore coccidiostats, which are frequently used as feed additives in broiler diets to prevent coccidiosis, might affect the bacterial composition and the abundance of phytase producers in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether supplementation of a frequently used mixture of the coccidiostats Narasin and Nicarbazin alone or together with a phytase affects microbiota composition of the digestive tract of broiler chickens, characteristics of phytate breakdown in crop and terminal ileum, and precaecal phosphorus and crude protein digestibility. Results Large differences in the microbial composition and diversity were detected between the treatments with and without coccidiostat supplementation. Disappearance of myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate) (InsP6) in the digestive tract, precaecal P digestibility, inorganic P in blood serum, and the concentration of inositol phosphate isomers in the crop and ileum digesta were significantly affected by phytase supplementation, but not by coccidiostat supplementation. Crude protein digestibility was increased by coccidiostat supplementation when more phosphate was available. Neither microbial abundance and diversity nor any other trait measured at the end of the experiment was affected by coccidiostat when it was only supplemented from day 1 to 10 of age. Conclusions The coccidiostats used herein had large effects on overall microbiota composition of the digestive tract. The coccidiostats did not seem to affect endogenous or exogenous phytase activity up to the terminal ileum of broiler chickens. The effects of phytase on growth, phosphorus digestibility, and myo-inositol release were not altered by the presence of the coccidiostats. The effects of phytase and coccidiostats on nutrient digestibility can be of significant relevance for phosphorus and protein-reduced feeding concepts if confirmed in further experiments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s42523-019-0006-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Künzel
- Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniel Borda-Molina
- Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kraft
- Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Vera Sommerfeld
- Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Rodehutscord
- Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Vieira BS, Caramori Junior JG, Correa GSS, Colvara IG, Brusamarelo E, Pereira TVS, Barbosa SAPV, Oliveira CFS. Combination of phytase and citric acid, but not phytase alone, ensures regular rates of growth and bone mineralization in quails under severe phosphorus restriction. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:555-563. [PMID: 30786072 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase (PHY), alone or in combination with citric acid (CA), on growing Japanese quails under moderate and severe phosphorus (P) restriction. For this, 504 one-day-old female quails were distributed in a completely randomised design with seven treatments and six replications. Treatments consisted of the following diets: (a) positive control (PC): formulated according to quails nutritional requirements; (b) negative control 40% (NC40 ): PC with 40% less aP; (c) NC40 +PHY; (d) NC40 +PHY+CA; (e) negative control 65% (NC65 ): PC with 65% less aP; (f) NC65 +PHY; (g) NC65 +PHY+CA. Phytase and CA were included at 300 FTU/kg and 40 g/kg, respectively. Performance, bone mineralization and plasma mineral concentration were evaluated at day 35; calcium (Ca) and P metabolism, between days 36 and 39. No significant differences in performance, plasma Ca and P were detected between quails fed PC or NC40 ; however, NC40 decreased tibia ash (p < 0.01). Treatment NC65 impaired daily weight gain (p = 0.01), tibia ash (p < 0.01), and tibia optical densitometry (p = 0.03), as well as modified plasma Ca (p < 0.01) and P (p = 0.03) concentrations when compared to PC. Both NC40 and NC65 reduced P excretion (p < 0.01). Phytase alone restored tibia ash of NC40 quails to regular rates. Nevertheless, only PHY and CA combined returned plasma P, tibia ash, tibia optical densitometry, and daily weight gain of quails fed NC65 to similar values as those observed in PC. In conclusion, PHY alone suppresses the negative effects of moderate P restriction in growing Japanese quails, but fails in this task under severe P restriction. In such a situation, only the combination of PHY and CA ensures regular rates of growth and bone mineralization. This concept should be better explored by producers in order to take full advantage of the reduction in P excretion achieved by lowering dietary P concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno S Vieira
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | | | - Gerusa S S Correa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Ines G Colvara
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Brusamarelo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Thuani V S Pereira
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | | | - Cleber F S Oliveira
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
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The effects ofmicrobial phytases and dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on the productive performance and bone mineralization of broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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She Y, Sparks JC, Stein HH. Effects of increasing concentrations of an Escherichia coli phytase on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and the apparent total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients in corn-soybean meal diets fed to growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2804-2816. [PMID: 29688414 PMCID: PMC6095369 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of increasing concentrations of an Escherichia coli phytase to a corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet results in improved digestibility of DM, GE, CP, NDF, ADF, macrominerals, microminerals, and AA. Twenty-four growing barrows (initial BW: 37.0 ± 1.4 kg) were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and placed individually in metabolism crates, and allotted to a 2-period switch-back design with 6 diets and 4 replicate pigs per diet in each period. The positive control diet was a corn-SBM diet that contained limestone and dicalcium phosphate to meet the requirement for standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P and Ca (0.31% STTD P and 0.70% Ca). A negative control diet that was similar to the positive control diet, with the exception that no dicalcium phosphate was used, was also formulated, and this diet contained 0.16% STTD P and 0.43% Ca. Four additional diets were formulated by adding 500, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 units of microbial phytase (FTU) to the negative control diet. Each period lasted 14 d. Fecal and urine samples were collected from the feed provided from days 6 to 11 of each period following 5 d of adaptation to the diets. Ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on days 13 and 14. Results indicated that addition of the E. coli phytase to the negative control diet tended to quadratically improve the apparent ileal digestibility of Phe (P = 0.086) and Asp (P = 0.054), and linearly increased (P < 0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of ADF, K, and Fe. Microbial phytase also quadratically increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD of NDF and Mg, and linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD and retention of Ca and P. However, no effects of the phytase on ATTD of GE or the concentration of DE were observed. In conclusion, the increased absorption of several minerals including Ca, P, K, Mg, and Fe that was observed as increasing concentrations of an E. coli phytase was added to a corn-SBM meal diet indicates that the dietary provision of these minerals may be reduced if phytase is fed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue She
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | | | - Hans H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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Angelovičová M, Mellen M, Zajác P, Čapla J, Angelovič M. Tibia mineralization of chickens determined to meat production using a microbial phytase. POTRAVINARSTVO 2018. [DOI: 10.5219/805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The target of the research was 6-phytase of microbial origin. It was used in feed mixtures for chickens determined to meat production. Its effect has been studied in relation to the tibia mineralization by calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. 6-phytase is a product of Aspergillus oryzae. That was obtained by means of biotechnological processes of production of commercially available enzymes. It was incorporated in the feed mixtures 0.1%. In a 38-day feeding trial, 300 one-day-old, as hatched, Cobb 500 chickens determined to meat production (100 birds per group) were fed on one concentrations of dietary non-phytate phosphorus (2.32, 2.31 g.kg-1, respectively and supplemental microbial phytase (0 and 500 FTU.kg-1 feed mixtures). Control group was used to compare the results and control feed mixtures contained 4.5 g.kg-1 without microbial phytase. At days 40 it was selected 6 birds in every group, which were slaughter in accordance with the principles of welfare. Left tibias of every bird were used to determination of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium contents. According to in vivo, it was found that the addition of microbial phytase to reduced dietary non-phytate phosphorus increased concentrations of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) in tibia. The differences among groups were statistically significant (p <0.05). It was concluded that reducing of dietary non-phytate phosphorus on the 2.32, 2.31 g.kg-1, respectively, by monocalcium phosphate and microbial phytase supplementation in feed mixtures facilitated tibia mineralization at chicken determined to meat production.
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Allahdo P, Ghodraty J, Zarghi H, Saadatfar Z, Kermanshahi H, Edalatian Dovom MR. Effect of probiotic and vinegar on growth performance, meat yields, immune responses, and small intestine morphology of broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1424570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Allahdo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Ghodraty
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Heydar Zarghi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zohre Saadatfar
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Kermanshahi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Martinez Rojas IY, Ávila González E, Arce Menocal J, Dos Santos TT, Rubio Arguello J, López Coello C. Assessment of a phytase included with lactic acid on productive parameters and on deposition of phosphorus, calcium, and zinc in laying hens fed with sorghum–soybean-meal-based diets. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1299740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Y. Martinez Rojas
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D. F., México
| | - E. Ávila González
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D. F., México
| | - J. Arce Menocal
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo, Morelia, México
| | | | | | - C. López Coello
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D. F., México
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Safety assessment of antibiotic and probiotic feed additives for Gallus gallus domesticus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12767. [PMID: 29038560 PMCID: PMC5643334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics in feed select for resistant strains and is thus a threat to human health. In this study, the effect of a multi-strain probiotic and antibiotics on the growth and health of broilers was studied. Equal numbers of broilers received on a daily basis either a multi-strain probiotic or a combination of sulphadiazine, colistin and trimethoprim, whereas the control group received standard feed. The villi of immature broilers (19 days old) administered antibiotics had a larger surface area and their lymphocyte and basophil counts were higher compared to broilers from the probiotic and control groups. The cecal microbiomes of mature broilers (29 days old) that received probiotics had higher levels of Enterobacteriaceae, but lower numbers of Clostridiales, Brucellaceae, Synergistaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Coriobacteriaceae compared to the antibiotic-treated group. A decline in the bioluminescence of Listeria monocytogenes observed for broilers on probiotics suggested that the probiotic may be used to control bacterial infections. No significant differences in total red blood cell, haemoglobin and haematocrit content, and mean values for corpuscular volume, corpuscular haemoglobin and corpuscular haemoglobin numbers were recorded amongst broilers from the different treatment groups. This study provides valuable information on the health and performance of broilers when administered probiotics and antibiotics as additives.
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Farhadi D, Karimi A, Sadeghi G, Rostamzadeh J, Bedford M. Effects of a high dose of microbial phytase and myo-inositol supplementation on growth performance, tibia mineralization, nutrient digestibility, litter moisture content, and foot problems in broiler chickens fed phosphorus-deficient diets. Poult Sci 2017; 96:3664-3675. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Vieira B, Silva F, Oliveira C, Correa A, Caramori Junior J, Correa G. Does citric acid improve performance and bone mineralization of broilers when combined with phytase? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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38
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Vazquez JR, Gómez GV, López CC, Cortés AC, Díaz AC, Fernández SRT, Rosales EM, Avila AG. Effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol with two D3vitamin levels on production and immunity parameters in broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e493-e497. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Vazquez
- Poultry Science Department; National Autonomous University of Mexico City; Coyoacán Mexico
| | - G. V. Gómez
- Poultry Science Department; National Autonomous University of Mexico City; Coyoacán Mexico
| | - C. C. López
- Poultry Science Department; National Autonomous University of Mexico City; Coyoacán Mexico
| | - A. C. Cortés
- Poultry Science Department; National Autonomous University of Mexico City; Coyoacán Mexico
| | - A. C. Díaz
- Poultry Science Department; National Autonomous University of Mexico City; Coyoacán Mexico
| | | | - E. M. Rosales
- Sistemas en Zootecnia; S.A DE C.V (SENZOO); Tlajomulco de Zuñiga Jalisco Mexico
| | - A. G. Avila
- Poultry Science Department; National Autonomous University of Mexico City; Coyoacán Mexico
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Küçükyilmaz K, Bozkurt M, Çınar M, Tüzün AE. Evaluation of the Boron and Phytase, Alone or in Combination, in Broiler Diets. J Poult Sci 2017; 54:26-33. [PMID: 32908405 PMCID: PMC7477181 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0150181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 800 day-old broiler chicks were assigned to four test diets to assess the efficacy of phytase, fermented from Aspergillus niger, and boron, as boric acid, on the growth performance and mineral profile in chickens. The dietary treatments included the basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with boron (20 mg/kg), phytase (500 phytase units/kg diet), or a combination of boron and phytase. The following parameters were measured: growth performance indices, serum biochemicals, ash and the mineral profile of the tibia, breast muscle, liver and excreta. Boron decreased the overall feed conversion ratio by 1.9% (P<0.05) but did not affect the body weight and feed consumption of chickens grown for 42 days (P>0.05). The performance indices were not significantly influenced by dietary regimens for the first 21 days of the experiment (P>0.05). The addition of boron alone and boron + phytase resulted in significant increases in the boron concentrations of serum, bone, breast muscle, liver and excreta (P< 0.001). The serum alanine aminotransferase activity of chicks fed phytase was higher (P<0.05) than all other treatments. The ash content and mineral composition of the breast meat, liver and tibia did not respond to individual or combined dietary modifications (P>0.05). The chickens administered a diet with boron excreted less Cathrough excreta. However, the ash content and Fe and Cu concentrations in the excreta increased in response to phytase supplementation (P<0.05). In summary, supplementation with boron alone improved the feed conversion efficiency of broiler chickens fed diets containing adequate levels of nutrients. However, the combination of boron and phytase did not cause further improvements in broiler performance or the bioavailability of minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Küçükyilmaz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bozkurt
- General Directorate of Research, Erbeyli Research Institute, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çınar
- General Directorate of Research, Erbeyli Research Institute, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ahmet E. Tüzün
- Adnan Menderes University, Koçarlı Vocational Scholl, Aydın, Turkey
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Rehman ZU, Haq AU, Akram N, El-Hack MEA, Saeed M, Rehman SU, Meng C, Alagawany M, Sayab M, Dhama K, Ding C. Growth Performance, Intestinal Histomorphology, Blood Hematology and Serum Metabolites of Broilers Chickens Fed Diet Supplemented with Graded Levels of Acetic Acid. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.874.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Manobhavan M, Elangovan AV, Sridhar M, Shet D, Ajith S, Pal DT, Gowda NKS. Effect of super dosing of phytase on growth performance, ileal digestibility and bone characteristics in broilers fed corn-soya-based diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 100:93-100. [PMID: 25916327 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A feeding trial was designed to assess the effect of super dosing of phytase in corn-soya-based diets of broiler chicken. One hundred and sixty-eight day-old broilers were selected and randomly allocated to four dietary treatment groups, with 6 replicates having 7 chicks per treatment group. Two-phased diets were used. The starter and finisher diet was fed from 0 to 3 weeks and 4 to 5 weeks of age respectively. The dietary treatments were consisted of normal phosphorus (NP) group without any phytase enzyme (4.5 g/kg available/non-phytin phosphorus (P) during starter and 4.0 g/kg during finisher phase), three low-phosphorus (LP) groups (3.2 g/kg available/non-phytin P during starter and 2.8 g/kg during finisher phase) supplemented with phytase at 500, 2500, 5000 FTU/kg diet, respectively, to full fill their phosphorus requirements. The results showed that super doses of phytase (at 2500 FTU and 5000 FTU/kg) on low-phosphorus diet improved feed intake, body weight gain, ileal digestibility (serine, aspartic acid, calcium, phosphorus), blood P levels and bone minerals such as calcium (Ca), P, magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) content. It could be concluded that super doses of phytase in low-phosphorus diet were beneficial than the normal standard dose (at 500 FTU/kg) of phytase in diet of broiler chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manobhavan
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - A V Elangovan
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - M Sridhar
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - D Shet
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - S Ajith
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - D T Pal
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - N K S Gowda
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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Khosravinia H, Nourmohammadi R, Afzali N. Productive performance, gut morphometry, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chicken in response to low and high dietary levels of citric acid. J APPL POULTRY RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Faridi A, Gitoee A, France J. A meta-analysis of the effects of nonphytate phosphorus on broiler performance and tibia ash concentration. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2753-62. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ghanaatparast-Rashti M, Shariatmadari F, Karimi-Torshizi MA, Mohiti-Asli M. Effects of dietary propionic acid, sodium citrate, and phytase on growth performance, mineral digestibility, and tibia properties in broilers. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1091343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hamdi M, López-Vergé S, Manzanilla E, Barroeta A, Pérez J. Effect of different levels of calcium and phosphorus and their interaction on the performance of young broilers. Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Vieira S, Anschau D, Stefanello, Serafini N, Kindlein L, Cowieson A, Sorbara J. Phosphorus equivalency of a Citrobracter braakii phytase in broilers. J APPL POULTRY RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Nourmohammadi R, Khosravinia H. Acidic stress caused by dietary administration of citric acid in broiler chickens. Arch Anim Breed 2015. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-58-309-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Citric acid (CA) is commonly used in poultry diets to promote growth by acidifying the gastrointestinal contents, improving nutrient digestibility, and reducing pathogen loads; therefore, this study was conducted to demonstrate the effects of 0, 30 and 60 g of CA per kilogramme of diet on productive performance, selected blood metabolites, immune response and certain gut-related variables in broiler chickens using 150, 7-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks in five replicates of 10 birds each per diet. Growth performance, daily feed intake and tibia phosphorous (P) retention were significantly improved by the diets containing 30 g kg−1 of CA (P < 0.01) but were suppressed as CA increased to 60 g kg−1. Dietary CA increased proventriculus, gizzard and ileum percentage and villus length, crypt depth and goblet cell number in duodenum, jejunum and ileum as well as ileal digestibility of crude protein, apparent metabolisable energy and total phosphorus while it decreased the pH of contents in the gut segments concerned (P < 0.01). Diets containing 60 g kg−1 of CA significantly reduced plasma P and Fe levels as well as cholesterol level and Alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.05) while increasing the aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities (P < 0.01) in the blood serum of the birds at day 42 of age. The percentage of bursa and thymus was greater in the birds fed on diets containing 60 and 30 g kg−1 of CA, respectively (P < 0.01). It was concluded that inclusion of 60 g kg−1 of CA in the diet resulted in a severe reduction in performance, nutrient digestion and absorption and liver dysfunctions in broiler chickens, a phenomenon we call as acidic stress.
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Dersjant-Li Y, Awati A, Schulze H, Partridge G. Phytase in non-ruminant animal nutrition: a critical review on phytase activities in the gastrointestinal tract and influencing factors. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:878-96. [PMID: 25382707 PMCID: PMC4368368 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on phytase functionality in the digestive tract of farmed non-ruminant animals and the factors influencing in vivo phytase enzyme activity. In pigs, feed phytase is mainly active in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine, and added phytase activity is not recovered in the ileum. In poultry, feed phytase activities are mainly found in the upper part of the digestive tract, including the crop, proventriculus and gizzard. For fish with a stomach, phytase activities are mainly in the stomach. Many factors can influence the efficiency of feed phytase in the gastrointestinal tract, and they can be divided into three main groups: (i) phytase related; (ii) dietary related and (iii) animal related. Phytase-related factors include type of phytase (e.g. 3- or 6-phytase; bacterial or fungal phytase origin), the pH optimum and the resistance of phytase to endogenous protease. Dietary-related factors are mainly associated with dietary phytate content, feed ingredient composition and feed processing, and total P, Ca and Na content. Animal-related factors include species, gender and age of animals. To eliminate the antinutritional effects of phytate (IP6), it needs to be hydrolyzed as quickly as possible by phytase in the upper part of the digestive tract. A phytase that works over a wide range of pH values and is active in the stomach and upper intestine (along with several other characteristics and in addition to being refractory to endogenous enzymes) would be ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Dersjant-Li
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial BiosciencesPO Box 777, Marlborough, SN8 1XN, UK
| | - Ajay Awati
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial BiosciencesPO Box 777, Marlborough, SN8 1XN, UK
| | - Hagen Schulze
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial BiosciencesPO Box 777, Marlborough, SN8 1XN, UK
| | - Gary Partridge
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial BiosciencesPO Box 777, Marlborough, SN8 1XN, UK
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Hamdi M, Solà-Oriol D, Davin R, Perez JF. Calcium sources and their interaction with the different levels of non-phytate phosphorus affect performance and bone mineralization in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2136-43. [PMID: 25638469 DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of different Ca sources (limestone, Ca chloride, and Lipocal, a fat-encapsulated tricalcium phosphate, TCP) in conjunction with 4 dietary levels of non-phytate P (NPP) on performance, ileal digestibility of Ca and P, and bone mineralization in broiler chickens. Calcium sources were also evaluated in vitro to measure acid-binding capacity (ABC) and Ca solubility at different pH values. Ca chloride showed the highest solubility of Ca, with TCP showing the highest ABC. Ross male broiler-chicks were sorted by BW at 1 d post-hatch and assigned to 5 cages per diet with 5 birds per cage. Twelve diets were arranged in a 3×4 factorial of the 3 Ca sources and 4 levels of NPP (0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4% or 0.45%) consisting of 4 added P levels (Ca(H2PO4)2) with a high dose of phytase (1,150 U/kg) in all diets. On d 14 post-hatch, 3 birds were euthanized, and ileal digesta and the right tibia were collected to determine ileal Ca and P digestibility and bone mineralization, respectively. Feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) on d 14 was higher (P<0.01) with TCP and limestone than with Ca chloride. Added P increased the tibia weight and tibia ash content in chicks fed TCP up to 0.4% NPP and limestone up to 0.35% NPP. Calcium ileal digestibility was higher (P<0.01) with Ca chloride (73.7%) than with limestone (67.1%) or TCP (66.8%), which increased (P<0.05) with added levels of P from monocalcium phosphate. Phosphorus ileal digestibility was not affected by the Ca source and increased (P<0.001) with added levels of NPP. It can be concluded that starting broilers responded better to low-soluble Ca sources compared to high-soluble sources. A level of 0.35%-0.40% NPP with a high dose of phytase (1,150 U/kg) in diets including limestone or TCP is sufficient to guarantee performance and bone formation for broiler chickens from d 0 to d 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hamdi
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA). Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D Solà-Oriol
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA). Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R Davin
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA). Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J F Perez
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA). Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Khooshechin F, Hosseini SM, Nourmohammadi R. Effect of Dietary Acidification in Broiler Chickens: 1. Growth Performance and Nutrients Ileal Digestibility. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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