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Ivanova A, Badertscher L, O'Driscoll G, Bergman J, Gordon E, Gunnarsson A, Johansson C, Munson MJ, Spinelli C, Torstensson S, Vilén L, Voirel A, Wiseman J, Rak J, Dekker N, Lázaro-Ibáñez E. Creating Designer Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Diverse Ligand Display, Target Recognition, and Controlled Protein Loading and Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304389. [PMID: 37867228 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents remains a bottleneck in modern medicine. Here, biochemical engineering approaches to advance the repurposing of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as drug delivery vehicles are explored. Targeting ligands such as the sugar GalNAc are displayed on the surface of EVs using a HaloTag-fused to a protein anchor that is enriched on engineered EVs. These EVs are successfully targeted to human primary hepatocytes. In addition, the authors are able to decorate EVs with an antibody that recognizes a GLP1 cell surface receptor by using an Fc and Fab region binding moiety fused to an anchor protein, and they show that this improves EV targeting to cells that overexpress the receptor. The authors also use two different protein-engineering approaches to improve the loading of Cre recombinase into the EV lumen and demonstrate that functional Cre protein is delivered into cells in the presence of chloroquine, an endosomal escape enhancer. Lastly, engineered EVs are well tolerated upon intravenous injection into mice without detectable signs of liver toxicity. Collectively, the data show that EVs can be engineered to improve cargo loading and specific cell targeting, which will aid their transformation into tailored drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Ivanova
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Lukas Badertscher
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Gwen O'Driscoll
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Joakim Bergman
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Euan Gordon
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Structure and Biophysics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Camilla Johansson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Sweden Imaging Hub, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Michael J Munson
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Cristiana Spinelli
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sara Torstensson
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Liisa Vilén
- DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Andrei Voirel
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - John Wiseman
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Janusz Rak
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Niek Dekker
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Elisa Lázaro-Ibáñez
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 50, Sweden
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2
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Wood DW, Belfort M, Lennon CW. Inteins-mechanism of protein splicing, emerging regulatory roles, and applications in protein engineering. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1305848. [PMID: 38029209 PMCID: PMC10663303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1305848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein splicing is a posttranslational process in which an intein segment excises itself from two flanking peptides, referred to as exteins. In the native context, protein splicing results in two separate protein products coupled to the activation of the intein-containing host protein. Inteins are generally described as either full-length inteins, mini-inteins or split inteins, which are differentiated by their genetic structure and features. Inteins can also be divided into three classes based on their splicing mechanisms, which differ in the location of conserved residues that mediate the splicing pathway. Although inteins were once thought to be selfish genetic elements, recent evidence suggests that inteins may confer a genetic advantage to their host cells through posttranslational regulation of their host proteins. Finally, the ability of modified inteins to splice and cleave their fused exteins has enabled many new applications in protein science and synthetic biology. In this review, we briefly cover the mechanisms of protein splicing, evidence for some inteins as environmental sensors, and intein-based applications in protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Wood
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Marlene Belfort
- Department of Biological Sciences and RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Christopher W. Lennon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, KY, United States
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3
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Fages-Lartaud M, Mueller Y, Elie F, Courtade G, Hohmann-Marriott MF. Standard Intein Gene Expression Ramps (SIGER) for Protein-Independent Expression Control. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:1058-1071. [PMID: 36920366 PMCID: PMC10127266 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Coordination of multigene expression is one of the key challenges of metabolic engineering for the development of cell factories. Constraints on translation initiation and early ribosome kinetics of mRNA are imposed by features of the 5'UTR in combination with the start of the gene, referred to as the "gene ramp", such as rare codons and mRNA secondary structures. These features strongly influence the translation yield and protein quality by regulating the ribosome distribution on mRNA strands. The utilization of genetic expression sequences, such as promoters and 5'UTRs in combination with different target genes, leads to a wide variety of gene ramp compositions with irregular translation rates, leading to unpredictable levels of protein yield and quality. Here, we present the Standard Intein Gene Expression Ramp (SIGER) system for controlling protein expression. The SIGER system makes use of inteins to decouple the translation initiation features from the gene of a target protein. We generated sequence-specific gene expression sequences for two inteins (DnaB and DnaX) that display defined levels of protein expression. Additionally, we used inteins that possess the ability to release the C-terminal fusion protein in vivo to avoid the impairment of protein functionality by the fused intein. Overall, our results show that SIGER systems are unique tools to mitigate the undesirable effects of gene ramp variation and to control the relative ratios of enzymes involved in molecular pathways. As a proof of concept of the potential of the system, we also used a SIGER system to express two difficult-to-produce proteins, GumM and CBM73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Fages-Lartaud
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Yasmin Mueller
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Florence Elie
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Gaston Courtade
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Martin Frank Hohmann-Marriott
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway.,United Scientists CORE (Limited), Dunedin 9016, Aotearoa, New Zealand
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4
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Park KS, Son RG, Kim SH, Abdelhamid MA, Pack SP. Soluble preparation and characterization of tripartite split GFP for In Vitro reconstitution applications. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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5
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Maksum IP, Yosua Y, Nabiel A, Pratiwi RD, Sriwidodo S, Soedjanaatmadja UM. Refolding of bioactive human epidermal growth factor from E. coli BL21(DE3) inclusion bodies & evaluations on its in vitro & in vivo bioactivity. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09306. [PMID: 35497033 PMCID: PMC9039848 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) is a mitogenic protein widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, thus recombinant DNA technology has been applied to meet the high demand for hEGF. The overexpression of recombinant protein in E. coli often leads to the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs). Mild solubilisation preserves the native secondary protein structure in IBs, thereby the high recovery of active protein from IBs. The redox system also plays a pivotal role in the formation of disulphide bonds during refolding of disulphide bond-containing protein. This study aimed to recover hEGF from bacterial IBs through freeze-thawing solubilisation and glutathione-based oxidative refolding. CBD-Ssp DnaB-hEGF fusion protein was expressed as IBs in E. coli, washed with Triton X-100 and urea to remove most protein contaminants, then the solubilised fusion protein was obtained by freeze-thawing with the addition of 2 M urea. The solubilised protein was subsequently refolded by intein cleavage via a glutathione-based redox system. The refolded hEGF demonstrated heat-resistant properties, interacted with specific antibodies on ELISA, stimulated keratinocyte proliferation and possessed significant in vivo wound healing properties on the 8th day, confirming that hEGF was correctly folded. In summary, the protocol described is suitable for the recovery of refolded hEGF from bacterial IBs by mild solubilisation and oxidative refolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Permana Maksum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yosua Yosua
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Nabiel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Riyona Desvy Pratiwi
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Science, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Ukun M.S. Soedjanaatmadja
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
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6
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Screening of the Promising Direct Thrombin Inhibitors from Haematophagous Organisms. Part I: Recombinant Analogues and Their Antithrombotic Activity In Vitro. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010011. [PMID: 35052692 PMCID: PMC8772750 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The success in treatment of venous thromboembolism and acute coronary syndromes using direct thrombin inhibitors has stimulated research aimed at finding a new anticoagulant from haematophagous organisms. This study deals with the comparison between hirudin-1 from Hirudomedicinalis(desirudin), being the first-known and most well-studied natural anticoagulant, along with recombinant analogs of haemadin from the leech Haemadipsa sylvestris, variegin from the tick Amblyomma variegatum, and anophelin from Anopheles albimanus. These polypeptides were chosen due to their high specificity and affinity for thrombin, as well as their distinctive inhibitory mechanisms. We have developed a universal scheme for the biotechnological production of these recombinant peptides as pharmaceutical substances. The anticoagulant activities of these peptides were compared using the thrombin amidolytic activity assay and prolongation of coagulation time (thrombin time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time) in mouse and human plasma. The preliminary results obtained suggest haemadin as the closest analog of recombinant hirudin-1, the active substance of the medicinal product Iprivask (Aventis Pharmaceuticals, USA) for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis in patients undergoing elective hip or knee replacement surgery. In contrast, variegin can be regarded as a natural analog of bivalirudin (Angiomax, The Medicines Company), a synthetic hirudin-1 derivative certified for the treatment of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and of patients with unstable angina pectoris after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
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7
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Saikia C, Ben-Nissan G, Reuveny E, Karbat I. Production of recombinant venom peptides as tools for ion channel research. Methods Enzymol 2021; 654:169-201. [PMID: 34120712 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal venom is a rich source for peptide toxins that bind and modulate the function of ion channels. Owing to their ability to bind receptor sites on the channel protein with high affinity and specificity, peptide neurotoxins have become an indispensable tool for ion channel research. Recent breakthroughs in structural biology and advances in computer simulations of biomolecules have sparked a new interest in animal toxins as probes of channel protein structure and function. Here, we focus on methods used to produce animal toxins for research purposes using recombinant expression. The specific challenges associated with heterologous production of venom peptides are discussed, and several methods targeting these issues are presented with an emphasis on E. coli based systems. An efficient protocol for the bacterial expression, folding, and purification of recombinant venom peptides is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandamita Saikia
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gili Ben-Nissan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eitan Reuveny
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Izhar Karbat
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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8
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Rai K, Chu X, Zhou D, Li F, Yang J, Lin J, Shen S, Song H, Sun Y, Nian R. Development of a protein-solubilizing expression method based on the synergistic action of intein ΔI-CM and the solubility enhancer elastin-like polypeptide. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Zhang N, Zhang S, He Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Dong Z. Intein-mediated intracellular production of active microbial transglutaminase in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 142:109680. [PMID: 33220868 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) from Streptomyces mobaraense is widely used in the food industry. However, recombinant production of mTGase is challenging because the mTGase is synthesized as an inactive zymogen, and needs to be activated by proteolytic processing. In this study, self-cleaving intein Ssp DnaB was applied to activate the mTGase in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Premature cleavage of intein Ssp DnaB also occurred, but instead of suppressing premature cleavage, this phenomenon was used to produce active mTGase in C. glutamicum. Both SDS-PAGE analysis and mTGase activity assays indicated that the premature cleavage of intein Ssp DnaB activated the mTGase intracellularly in C. glutamicum. The subsequent N-terminal amino acid sequencing and site-directed mutagenesis studies further showed that the premature cleavage activated the mTGase intracellularly, in a highly specific manner. Moreover, the growth performance of C. glutamicum was not noticeably affected by the intracellular expression of active mTGase. Finally, the mTGase was produced in a 2 L bioreactor, with activity up to 49 U/mL, the highest intracellular mTGase activity ever reported. Using premature cleavage of intein Ssp DnaB to activate mTGase in C. glutamicum, we produced high levels of intracellular active mTGase. Moreover, this approach did not require any further processing steps, such as protease treatment or lengthy incubation, greatly simplifying the production of active mTGase. This efficient and simple approach has great potential for the large-scale industrial production of active mTGase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhang
- SHENZHEN SIYOMICRO BIO-Tech CO., LTD, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Xia HF, Zhou TJ, Du YX, Wang YJ, Shi CH, Wood DW. Improved protein purification system based on C-terminal cleavage of Npu DnaE split intein. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1931-1941. [PMID: 32447513 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A purification system was constructed with the N-segment of the Npu DnaE split intein as an affinity ligand immobilized onto an epoxy-activated medium and the C-segment used as the cleavable tag fusing target protein. The affinity properties of C-tagged proteins adsorbed on IN affinity chromatography medium were studied with GFP as a model target protein. The saturated adsorption capacity and dynamic adsorption capacity reached 51.9-21.0 mg mL-1, respectively. With this system, two model proteins, GFP and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), has been successfully taglessly purified with regulation of Zn2+ and DTT. The yield, purification factor and purity of purified tagless GFP reached 39, 11.7 and 97%, respectively; while these values for purified tagless ADH were 38.2, 6.8 and 91%, respectively. These results showed that the system for Npu DnaE split intein-mediated affinity adsorption and in situ cleavage is a potential platform for recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Ting-Jun Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ye-Xing Du
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yu-Jun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chang-Hua Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David W Wood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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11
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Expression of Highly Active Bacterial Phospholipase A 2 in Yeast Using Intein-Mediated Delayed Protein Autoactivation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:1351-1364. [PMID: 32388605 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has found extensive use in industry. However, recombinant PLA2 production in different expression systems is a difficult task because of its toxicity to cell membranes. We report here the development of an effective method for production of highly active PLA2 from Streptomyces violaceoruber strain A-2688 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The method is based on the use of the PRP8 mini-intein (from Penicillium chrysogenum) inserted into the phospholipase sequence with the purpose of temporal inactivation of the enzyme and its subsequent delayed autoactivation. We demonstrate that the most effective site for intein insertion is Ser76 of the mature phospholipase. As a result of intein-containing precursor secretion from yeast cells and its subsequent autocatalytic splicing, highly active enzyme accumulated in the yeast culture fluid. The properties of the obtained recombinant phospholipase A2 protein were similar to those of the native Streptomyces violaceoruber PLA2 protein. A possible evolutionary role of delayed autoactivation of intein-containing proteins is also discussed.
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12
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Expression and one step intein-mediated purification of biologically active human G-CSF in Escherichia coli. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2861-2869. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Fang YT, Li SY, Hu NJ, Yang J, Liu JH, Liu YC. Study on Cecropin B2 Production via Construct Bearing Intein Oligopeptide Cleavage Variants. Molecules 2020; 25:E1005. [PMID: 32102349 PMCID: PMC7070832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25041005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, genetic engineering was applied to the overexpression of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) cecropin B2 (cecB2). pTWIN1 vector with a chitin-binding domain (CBD) and an auto-cleavage Ssp DnaB intein (INT) was coupled to the cecB2 to form a fusion protein construct and expressed via Escherichia coli ER2566. The cecB2 was obtained via the INT cleavage reaction, which was highly related to its adjacent amino acids. Three oligopeptide cleavage variants (OCVs), i.e., GRA, CRA, and SRA, were used as the inserts located at the C-terminus of the INT to facilitate the cleavage reaction. SRA showed the most efficient performance in accelerating the INT self-cleavage reaction. In addition, in order to treat the INT as a biocatalyst, a first-order rate equation was applied to fit the INT cleavage reaction. A possible inference was proposed for the INT cleavage promotion with varied OCVs using a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The production and purification via the CBD-INT-SRA-cecB2 fusion protein resulted in a cecB2 yield of 58.7 mg/L with antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Fang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-T.F.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Si-Yu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-T.F.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, NCHU, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Jen Hu
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (N.-J.H.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jie Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (N.-J.H.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jyung-Hurng Liu
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, NCHU, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- PhD program in Medical Biotechnology, NCHU, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, NCHU, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-T.F.); (S.-Y.L.)
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Fu J, Yi Z, Cui H, Song C, Yu M, Liu Y. Intein-mediated expression and purification of common carp IFN-γ and its protective effect against spring viremia of carp virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:403-406. [PMID: 30862516 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
IFN-γ is a pleiotropic cytokine with significant roles in antiviral, antitumor and immune regulation. It could be used as an immuno-enhancer to improve fish protectiveness against pathogens. In this study, the prokaryotic expression plasmid pTwin1-N-IFN-γ was constructed to express Cyprinus carpio (common carp) IFN-γ fused with a chitin binding domain (CBD) and a self-cleavable intein-tag, Synechocystis sp DnaB. The recombinant protein CBD-DnaB-IFN-γ with the molecular weight of 44.25 kD was successfully expressed in soluble form, and the rIFN-γ (approximate 18.61 kD) was further cleaved and eluted under pH = 7.0 at 25 °C. rIFN-γ could be recognized by western blotting with rabbit anti-grass carp IFN-γ polyclonal antibody. Cytotoxicity studies on EPC cells showed that only 500 ng/ml rIFN-γ had a subtle effect on cells growth and its proliferation rate was reduced to 76.2%. EPC cells incubated with 100 ng/ml rIFN-γ showed significantly higher resistance against SVCV, reducing the TCID50/ml by more than 800-fold. In vivo studies suggested that intraperitoneal injection of rIFN-γ significantly improved the survival rate of common carps compared with SVCV challenge alone. These results implied that rIFN-γ would act as an immuno-enhancer in carp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Fu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yi
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, China
| | - Hao Cui
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, China
| | - Chunhui Song
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, China
| | - Miao Yu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, China.
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15
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Sarmiento C, Camarero JA. Biotechnological Applications of Protein Splicing. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:408-424. [PMID: 30734675 PMCID: PMC7135711 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190208110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein splicing domains, also called inteins, have become a powerful biotechnological tool for applications involving molecular biology and protein engineering. Early applications of inteins focused on self-cleaving affinity tags, generation of recombinant polypeptide α-thioesters for the production of semisynthetic proteins and backbone cyclized polypeptides. The discovery of naturallyoccurring split-inteins has allowed the development of novel approaches for the selective modification of proteins both in vitro and in vivo. This review gives a general introduction to protein splicing with a focus on their role in expanding the applications of intein-based technologies in protein engineering and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Sarmiento
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA9033 USA
| | - Julio A. Camarero
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA9033 USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA9033 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9121, USA
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16
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Fang YT, Lai WS, Liu JH, Liu YC. Enhanced cecropin B2 production via chitin-binding domain and intein self-cleavage system. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 66:209-215. [PMID: 30471160 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, various constructs and hosts were used to produce high levels of cecropin B2 (cecB2). To mitigate cecB2's toxic inhibition of host cells, various cecB2 constructs were built. Results showed that the combination of a chitin-binding domain and an intein self-cleavage motif in front of cecropin B2, without a His-tag, was best for cecB2 expression. E. coli ER2566 was the best host, and 2YT was the best medium for cultivation. Under these conditions, a cecB2 yield of 98.2 mg/L could be obtained after purification. The purified cecB2 expressed a wide antimicrobial effect on most Gram-negative strains, including multidrug-resistant Acinetobactor baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus. This study provides a systematic approach to the efficient production of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) cecB2 via the recombinant E. coli process, which is expected to be an efficient way for the production of other AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Fang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Shiang Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jyung-Hurng Liu
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Chuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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17
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Goulatis LI, Ramanathan R, Shusta EV. Impacts of the -1 Amino Acid on Yeast Production of Protein-Intein Fusions. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2736. [PMID: 30341810 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Expressing antibodies as fusions to the non-self-cleaving Mxe GyrA intein allows for site-specific chemical functionalization via expressed protein ligation. It is highly desirable to maximize the yield of functionalizable protein; and previously an evolved intein, 202-08, was identified that could increase protein fusion production in yeast. Given that the -1 amino acid residue upstream of inteins can affect cleavage efficiency, we examined the effects of amino acid variability at this position on 202-08 intein cleavage efficiency and secretion yield. Varying the -1 residue resulted in a wide range of cleavage behaviors with some amino acids yielding substantial autocleaved product that could not be functionalized. Autocleavage was noticeably higher with the 202-08 intein compared with the wild-type Mxe GyrA intein and resulted directly from the catalytic activity of the intein. Refeeding of production cultures with nitrogen base and casamino acids reduced, but did not eliminate autocleavage, while increasing protein-intein production up to seven-fold. Importantly, two amino acids, Gly and Ala, at the -1 position resulted in good cleavage efficiency with no undesirable autocleavage, and can be used in concert with refeeding strategies to increase total functionalizable protein yield for multiple protein fusion partners. Taken together, we describe an optimized yeast expression platform for protein-intein fusions. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2736, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukas I Goulatis
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Rasika Ramanathan
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706
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18
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Enhanced Production of Recombinant Protein by Fusion Expression with Ssp DnaB Mini-Intein in the Baculovirus Expression System. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100523. [PMID: 30257457 PMCID: PMC6213604 DOI: 10.3390/v10100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The baculovirus expression system (BES) is considered to be a very powerful tool for the expression of numerous difficult to express vertebrate proteins. Ssp DnaB mini-intein is a useful fusion partner for the production of recombinant proteins because it can be self-cleaved by controlling the pH and temperature, without additional treatment. To evaluate the utility of Ssp DnaB mini-intein in the BES, recombinant viruses were generated to express the enhanced green fluorescent protein, the VP2 protein of porcine parvovirus, and the E2 protein of classical swine fever virus fused to a mini-intein. As expected, intracellular self-cleavage of the mini-intein occurred during virus infection, but the cleavage initiation time varied depending on the target protein. Significantly enhanced protein production was observed for all of the target proteins that were fused to the mini-intein. This increase was enough to overcome the decrease in the fusion protein due to intracellular self-cleavage. The mini-intein in all of the recombinant fusion proteins was successfully cleaved by controlling the pH and temperature. These results suggest that the Ssp DnaB mini-intein is a useful fusion partner in the BES for easy purification and enhanced production of target proteins.
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19
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Matern JCJ, Friedel K, Binschik J, Becher KS, Yilmaz Z, Mootz HD. Altered Coordination of Individual Catalytic Steps in Different and Evolved Inteins Reveals Kinetic Plasticity of the Protein Splicing Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11267-11275. [PMID: 30111090 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein splicing performed by inteins provides powerful opportunities to manipulate protein structure and function, however, detailed mechanistic knowledge of the multistep pathway to help engineering optimized inteins remains scarce. A typical intein has to coordinate three steps to maximize the product yield of ligated exteins. We have revealed a new type of coordination in the Ssp DnaB intein, in which the initial N- S acyl shift appears rate-limiting and acts as an up-regulation switch to dramatically accelerate the last step of succinimide formation, which is thus coupled to the first step. The structure-activity relationship at the N-terminal scissile bond was studied with atomic precision using a semisynthetic split intein. We show that the removal of the extein acyl group from the α-amino moiety of the intein's first residue is strictly required and sufficient for the up-regulation switch. Even an acetyl group as the smallest possible extein moiety completely blocked the switch. Furthermore, we investigated the M86 intein, a mutant with faster splicing kinetics previously obtained by laboratory evolution of the Ssp DnaB intein, and the individual impact of its eight mutations. The succinimide formation was decoupled from the first step in the M86 intein, but the acquired H143R mutation acts as a brake to prevent premature C-terminal cleavage and thereby maximizes splicing yields. Together, these results revealed a high degree of plasticity in the kinetic coordination of the splicing pathway. Furthermore, our study led to the rational design of improved M86 mutants with the highest yielding trans-splicing and fastest trans-cleavage activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C J Matern
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Muenster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Kristina Friedel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Muenster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Jens Binschik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Muenster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Kira-Sophie Becher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Muenster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Zahide Yilmaz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Muenster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Henning D Mootz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Muenster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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20
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Jeon H, Lee E, Kim D, Lee M, Ryu J, Kang C, Kim S, Kwon Y. Cell-Based Biosensors Based on Intein-Mediated Protein Engineering for Detection of Biologically Active Signaling Molecules. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9779-9786. [PMID: 30028129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Live-cell-based biosensors have emerged as a useful tool for biotechnology and chemical biology. Genetically encoded sensor cells often use bimolecular fluorescence complementation or fluorescence resonance energy transfer to build a reporter unit that suffers from nonspecific signal activation at high concentrations. Here, we designed genetically encoded sensor cells that can report the presence of biologically active molecules via fluorescence-translocation based on split intein-mediated conditional protein trans-splicing (PTS) and conditional protein trans-cleavage (PTC) reactions. In this work, the target molecules or the external stimuli activated intein-mediated reactions, which resulted in activation of the fluorophore-conjugated signal peptide. This approach fully valued the bond-making and bond-breaking features of intein-mediated reactions in sensor construction and thus eliminated the interference of false-positive signals resulting from the mere binding of fragmented reporters. We could also avoid the necessity of designing split reporters to refold into active structures upon reconstitution. These live-cell-based sensors were able to detect biologically active signaling molecules, such as Ca2+ and cortisol, as well as relevant biological stimuli, such as histamine-induced Ca2+ stimuli and the glucocorticoid receptor agonist, dexamethasone. These live-cell-based sensing systems hold large potential for applications such as drug screening and toxicology studies, which require functional information about targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
| | - Euiyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
| | - Dahee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
| | - Jeahee Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
| | - Chungwon Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
| | - Youngeun Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
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21
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Xu Y, Zhang L, Ma B, Hu L, Lu H, Dou T, Chen J, Zhu J. Intermolecular disulfide bonds between unpaired cysteines retard the C-terminal trans-cleavage of Npu DnaE. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 118:6-12. [PMID: 30143201 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Npu DnaE is a naturally occurred split intein possessing robust trans-splicing activity and could be engineered to perform rapid C-terminal cleavage module by a single mutation D118G. Unfortunately, however, for this modified selfcleaving module, reducing agents were needed to trigger the rapid cleavage, which prevents the utilization in purification of disulfide bonds containing recombinant proteins. In this study, we demonstrated that the unpaired cysteine residues in Npu DnaE tend to form disulfide bonds, and contributed to the reduction of the cleavage under non-reducing conditions. This redox trap can be disrupted by site-directed mutation of these unpaired cysteines. The results further indicated that the position 28 and 59 may play certain roles in the correct folding of the active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Lifu Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huili Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tonglu Dou
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA.
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22
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Kick LM, Harteis S, Koch MF, Schneider S. Mechanistic Insights into Cyclic Peptide Generation by DnaE Split-Inteins through Quantitative and Structural Investigation. Chembiochem 2017; 18:2242-2246. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard M. Kick
- Center for Integrated Protein Science; Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Sabrina Harteis
- Center for Integrated Protein Science; Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Maximilian F. Koch
- Center for Integrated Protein Science; Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Center for Integrated Protein Science; Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
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23
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Engineered Ssp DnaX inteins for protein splicing with flanking proline residues. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 26:854-859. [PMID: 31049014 PMCID: PMC6486613 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inteins are internal protein sequences capable of catalyzing a protein splicing reaction by self-excising from a precursor protein and simultaneously joining the flanking sequences with a peptide bond. Split inteins have separate pieces (N-intein and C-intein) that reassemble non-covalently to catalyze a protein trans-splicing reaction joining two polypeptides. Protein splicing has become increasingly useful tools in many fields of biological research and biotechnology. However, natural and engineered inteins have failed previously to function when being flanked by proline residue at the -1 or +2 positions, which limits general uses of inteins. In this study, different engineered inteins were tested. We found that engineered Ssp DnaX mini-intein and split inteins could carry out protein splicing with proline at the +2 positions or at both -1 and +2 positions. Under in vivo conditions in E. coli cells, the mini-intein, S1 split intein, and S11 split intein spliced efficiently, whereas the S0 split intein did not splice with proline at both -1 and +2 positions. The S1 and S11 split inteins also trans-spliced efficiently in vitro with proline at the +2 positions or at both -1 and +2 positions, but the S0 split intein trans-spliced inefficiently with proline at the +2 position and did not trans-splice with proline at both -1 and +2 positions. These findings contribute significantly to the toolbox of intein-based technologies by allowing the use of inteins in proteins having proline at the splicing point.
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24
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Zhao Q, Zhou B, Gao X, Xing L, Wang X, Lin Z. A cleavable self-assembling tag strategy for preparing proteins and peptides with an authentic N-terminus. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Bihong Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
- Blue Moon Industrial Co. Ltd.; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xianxing Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
- China National Petroleum & Chemical Planning Institute; Beijing China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Zhanglin Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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25
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Li X, Shi CH, Tang CL, Cai YM, Meng Q. The correlation between the length of repetitive domain and mechanical properties of the recombinant flagelliform spidroin. Biol Open 2017; 6:333-339. [PMID: 28126711 PMCID: PMC5374401 DOI: 10.1242/bio.022665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spider silk is an attractive biopolymer with numerous potential applications due to its remarkable characteristics. Among the six categories of spider silks, flagelliform (Flag) spider silk possesses longer and more repetitive core domains than others, therefore performing the highest extensibility. To investigate the correlation between the recombinant spidroin size and the synthetic fiber properties, four recombinant proteins with different sizes [N-Scn-C (n=1-4)] were constructed and expressed using IMPACT system. Subsequently, different recombinant spidroins were spun into fibers through wet-spinning via a custom-made continuous post-drawing device. Mechanical tests of the synthetic fibers with four parameters (maximum stress, maximum extension, Young's modulus and toughness) demonstrated that the extensibility of the fibers showed a positive correlation with spidroin size, consequently resulting in the extensibility of N-Sc4-C fiber ranked the highest (58.76%) among four fibers. Raman data revealed the relationship between secondary structure content and mechanical properties. The data here provide a deeper insight into the relationship between the function and structure of Flag silk for future design of artificial fibers. Summary: A study of the relationship between the structure and property of synthetic spider silk-like fibers, which aims to aid with the designing of functional artificial fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hua Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Long Tang
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming Cai
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Meng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China .,Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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26
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Guan D, Chen Z. Affinity Purification of Proteins in Tag-Free Form: Split Intein-Mediated Ultrarapid Purification (SIRP). Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1495:1-12. [PMID: 27714606 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6451-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteins purified using affinity-based chromatography often exploit a recombinant affinity tag. Existing methods for the removal of the extraneous tag, needed for many applications, suffer from poor efficiency and/or high cost. Here we describe a simple, efficient, and potentially low-cost approach-split intein-mediated ultrarapid purification (SIRP)-for both the purification of the desired tagged protein from Escherichia coli lysate and removal of the tag in less than 1 h. The N- and C-fragment of a self-cleaving variant of a naturally split DnaE intein from Nostoc punctiforme are genetically fused to the N-terminus of an affinity tag and a protein of interest (POI), respectively. The N-intein/affinity tag is used to functionalize an affinity resin. The high affinity between the N- and C-fragment of DnaE intein enables the POI to be purified from the lysate via affinity to the resin, and the intein-mediated C-terminal cleavage reaction causes tagless POI to be released into the flow-through. The intein cleavage reaction is strongly inhibited by divalent ions (e.g., Zn2+) under non-reducing conditions and is significantly enhanced by reducing conditions. The POI is cleaved efficiently regardless of the identity of the N-terminal amino acid except in the cases of threonine and proline, and the N-intein-functionalized affinity resin can be regenerated for multiple cycles of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Guan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Zhilei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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27
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Xue J, Manigrasso M, Scalabrin M, Rai V, Reverdatto S, Burz DS, Fabris D, Schmidt AM, Shekhtman A. Change in the Molecular Dimension of a RAGE-Ligand Complex Triggers RAGE Signaling. Structure 2016; 24:1509-22. [PMID: 27524199 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The weak oligomerization exhibited by many transmembrane receptors has a profound effect on signal transduction. The phenomenon is difficult to characterize structurally due to the large sizes of and transient interactions between monomers. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a signaling molecule central to the induction and perpetuation of inflammatory responses, is a weak constitutive oligomer. The RAGE domain interaction surfaces that mediate homo-dimerization were identified by combining segmental isotopic labeling of extracellular soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry. Molecular modeling suggests that two sRAGE monomers orient head to head forming an asymmetric dimer with the C termini directed toward the cell membrane. Ligand-induced association of RAGE homo-dimers on the cell surface increases the molecular dimension of the receptor, recruiting Diaphanous 1 (DIAPH1) and activating signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry
- Formins
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Ligands
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Maleimides/chemistry
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
- Thermodynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | | | - Matteo Scalabrin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Vivek Rai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Sergey Reverdatto
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - David S Burz
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Daniele Fabris
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- New York University, Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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28
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Alishah K, Asad S, Khajeh K, Akbari N. Utilizing intein-mediated protein cleaving for purification of uricase, a multimeric enzyme. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 93-94:92-98. [PMID: 27702489 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid, a side product of nucleotide metabolism, should be cleared from blood stream since its accumulation can cause cardiovascular diseases and gout. Uricase (urate oxidase) converts uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate, but it is absent in human and other higher apes. Yet, the recombinant form of uricase, Rasburicase, is now commercially available to cure tumor lysis syndrome by lowering serum uric acid level. Developing new methods to efficiently purify pharmaceutical proteins like uricase has attracted researchers' attention. Self-cleaving intein mediated single column purification is one of these novel approaches. Self-cleaving inteins are modified forms of natural inteins that can excise and join only at one junction site. In this study, the synthetic gene of Aspergillus flavus uricase, a homotetrameric protein, was cloned into pTXB1 vector as a fusion with the N-terminal of Mxe GyrA intein and chitin-binding domain (CBD) for simple purification. Expression was confirmed by western blot analysis. The fusion protein containing uricase-intein-CBD was purified on a chitin column. The cleavage was induced by adding DTT,1 as a reducing agent to release uricase. The purity of uricase and complete excision of the intein and CBD were confirmed by SDS-PAGE2 while its proper folding was proved by circular dichroism and fluorescent emission studies. Isoelectric focusing further confirmed its homogeneity when a single protein band was observed at the predicted pI value. This is the first report of successful purification of a multimeric therapeutic enzyme by intein-mediated protein cleaving using a well-established and facile system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Alishah
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Asad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Akbari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
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29
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Takahashi T, Saito A. Interaction-dependent native chemical ligation and protein trans-splicing (IDNCL-PTS) for detection and visualization of ligand-protein interactions. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Gunma University; 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu Gunma 376-8515 Japan
| | - Akinori Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Gunma University; 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu Gunma 376-8515 Japan
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30
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Campbell SJ, Stern DB. Activation of an Endoribonuclease by Non-intein Protein Splicing. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15911-15922. [PMID: 27311716 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.727768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast-localized poly(A)-binding protein RB47 is predicted to contain a non-conserved linker (NCL) sequence flanked by highly conserved N- and C-terminal sequences, based on the corresponding cDNA. RB47 was purified from chloroplasts in association with an endoribonuclease activity; however, protein sequencing failed to detect the NCL. Furthermore, while recombinant RB47 including the NCL did not display endoribonuclease activity in vitro, versions lacking the NCL displayed strong activity. Both full-length and shorter forms of RB47 could be detected in chloroplasts, with conversion to the shorter form occurring in chloroplasts isolated from cells grown in the light. This conversion could be replicated in vitro in chloroplast extracts in a light-dependent manner, where epitope tags and protein sequencing showed that the NCL was excised from a full-length recombinant substrate, together with splicing of the flanking sequences. The requirement for endogenous factors and light differentiates this protein splicing from autocatalytic inteins, and may allow the chloroplast to regulate the activation of RB47 endoribonuclease activity. We speculate that this protein splicing activity arose to post-translationally repair proteins that had been inactivated by deleterious insertions or extensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Campbell
- From the Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - David B Stern
- From the Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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31
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An intein-mediated modulation of protein stability system and its application to study human cytomegalovirus essential gene function. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26167. [PMID: 27188239 PMCID: PMC4870628 DOI: 10.1038/srep26167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional analysis of the essential proteins encoded by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is hindered by the lack of complementing systems. To overcome this difficulty, we have established a novel approach, termed the intein-mediated modulation of protein stability (imPS), in which a destabilizing domain and part of a split intein are fused to the essential protein. The growth of the mutant virus can then be regulated by the degradation and splicing of the protein. We found that an ultrafast gp41-1 split intein was able to rescue or degrade the protein of interest (POI) by removing or adding a strong degron through protein splicing. As a result, the function of the POI was turned on or off during the process. Using HCMV essential gene IE1/IE2, we confirmed that imPS worked remarkably well in conditionally regulating protein stability during viral infection. This conditional approach is likely to be applicable for dissecting the gene functions of HCMV or other viruses.
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32
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Deciphering EGFP production via surface display and self-cleavage intein system in different hosts. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Single step purification of recombinant proteins using the metal ion-inducible autocleavage (MIIA) domain as linker for tag removal. J Biotechnol 2015; 208:22-7. [PMID: 26026704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For fast and easy purification, proteins are typically fused with an affinity tag, which often needs to be removed after purification. Here, we present a method for the removal of the affinity tag from the target protein in a single step protocol. The protein VIC_001052 of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus ATCC BAA-450 contains a metal ion-inducible autocatalytic cleavage (MIIA) domain. Its coding sequence was inserted into an expression vector for the production of recombinant fusion proteins. Following, the target proteins MalE and mCherry were produced as MIIA-Strep fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. The target proteins could be separated from the MIIA-Strep part simply by the addition of calcium or manganese(II) ions within minutes. The cleavage is not affected in the pH range from 5.0 to 9.0 or at low temperatures (6°C). Autocleavage was also observed with immobilized protein on an affinity column. The protein yield was similar to that achieved with a conventional purification protocol.
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34
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Kim M, Chen WG, Kang JW, Glassman MJ, Ribbeck K, Olsen BD. Artificially Engineered Protein Hydrogels Adapted from the Nucleoporin Nsp1 for Selective Biomolecular Transport. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4207-12. [PMID: 26094959 PMCID: PMC4809136 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wesley G. Chen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeon Woong Kang
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts, Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew J. Glassman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bradley D. Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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35
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Zhang B, Rapolu M, Liang Z, Han Z, Williams PG, Su WW. A dual-intein autoprocessing domain that directs synchronized protein co-expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8541. [PMID: 25712612 PMCID: PMC4339811 DOI: 10.1038/srep08541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Being able to coordinate co-expression of multiple proteins is necessary for a variety of important applications such as assembly of protein complexes, trait stacking, and metabolic engineering. Currently only few options are available for multiple recombinant protein co-expression, and most of them are not applicable to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts. Here, we report a new polyprotein vector system that is based on a pair of self-excising mini-inteins fused in tandem, termed the dual-intein (DI) domain, to achieve synchronized co-expression of multiple proteins. The DI domain comprises an Ssp DnaE mini-intein N159A mutant and an Ssp DnaB mini-intein C1A mutant connected in tandem by a peptide linker to mediate efficient release of the flanking proteins via autocatalytic cleavage. Essentially complete release of constituent proteins, GFP and RFP (mCherry), from a polyprotein precursor, in bacterial, mammalian, and plant hosts was demonstrated. In addition, successful co-expression of GFP with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and thioredoxin with RFP, respectively, further substantiates the general applicability of the DI polyprotein system. Collectively, our results demonstrate the DI-based polyprotein technology as a highly valuable addition to the molecular toolbox for multi-protein co-expression which finds vast applications in biotechnology, biosciences, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Madhusudhan Rapolu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Zhibin Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Zhenlin Han
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Philip G. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Wei Wen Su
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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36
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Rodríguez V, Lascani J, Asenjo JA, Andrews BA. Production of Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Escherichia coli Using an Intein-Mediated System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3025-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Jiang A, Jin W, Zhao F, Tang Y, Sun Z, Liu JN. Split Ssp DnaB mini-intein-mediated production of recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1/7-36. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 62:309-15. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; Nanjing University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Jin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; Nanjing University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; Nanjing University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Tang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; Nanjing University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyong Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; Nanjing University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ning Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; Nanjing University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
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38
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Miraula M, Enculescu C, Schenk G, Mitić N. Inteins—A Focus on the Biotechnological Applications of Splicing-Promoting Proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ajmb.2015.52005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of C-terminal Cleavage Intein-Based Constructs in Producing a Recombinant Analog of Anophelin, an Anticoagulant from Anopheles albimanus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:2468-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1400-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Müller H, Salzig D, Czermak P. Considerations for the process development of insect-derived antimicrobial peptide production. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 31:1-11. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Müller
- Inst. of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Wiesenstrasse 14 Giessen 35390 Germany
| | - Denise Salzig
- Inst. of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Wiesenstrasse 14 Giessen 35390 Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Inst. of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Wiesenstrasse 14 Giessen 35390 Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry; Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen; Germany
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Kansas State University; Manhattan KS USA
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME); Project group “Bioresources”, Winchesterstrasse 3; Giessen 35394 Germany
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41
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Tarasava K, Freisinger E. An optimized intein-mediated protein ligation approach for the efficient cyclization of cysteine-rich proteins. Protein Eng Des Sel 2014; 27:481-8. [PMID: 25335928 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzu048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head-to-tail backbone cyclization of proteins is a widely used approach for the improvement of protein stability. One way to obtain cyclic proteins via recombinant expression makes use of engineered Intein tags, which are self-cleaving protein domains. In this approach, pH-induced self-cleavage of the N-terminal Intein tag generates an N-terminal cysteine residue at the target protein, which then attacks in an intramolecular reaction the C-terminal thioester formed by the second C-terminal Intein tag resulting in the release of the cyclic target protein. In the current work we aimed to produce a cyclic analog of the small γ-Ec-1 domain of the wheat metallothionein, which contains six cysteine residues. During the purification process we faced several challenges, among them premature cleavage of one or the other Intein tag resulting in decreasing yields and contamination with linear species. To improve efficiency of the system we applied a number of optimizations such as the introduction of a Tobacco etch virus cleavage site and an additional poly-histidine tag. Our efforts resulted in the production of a cyclic protein in moderate yields without any contamination with linear protein species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsiaryna Tarasava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Freisinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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42
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Shi C, Tarimala A, Meng Q, Wood DW. A general purification platform for toxic proteins based on intein trans-splicing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9425-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Wood DW, Camarero JA. Intein applications: from protein purification and labeling to metabolic control methods. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14512-9. [PMID: 24700459 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r114.552653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of inteins in the early 1990s opened the door to a wide variety of new technologies. Early engineered inteins from various sources allowed the development of self-cleaving affinity tags and new methods for joining protein segments through expressed protein ligation. Some applications were developed around native and engineered split inteins, which allow protein segments expressed separately to be spliced together in vitro. More recently, these early applications have been expanded and optimized through the discovery of highly efficient trans-splicing and trans-cleaving inteins. These new inteins have enabled a wide variety of applications in metabolic engineering, protein labeling, biomaterials construction, protein cyclization, and protein purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Wood
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 and
| | - Julio A Camarero
- the Departments of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
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44
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Guan D, Chen Z. Challenges and recent advances in affinity purification of tag-free proteins. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1391-406. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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45
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pH-dependent activation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus transglutaminase mediated by intein. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:723-9. [PMID: 24242235 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02820-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) from Streptomyces is naturally secreted as a zymogen (pro-MTG), which is then activated by the removal of its N-terminal proregion by additional proteases. Inteins are protein-intervening sequences that catalyze protein splicing without cofactors. In this study, a pH-dependent Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 DnaB mini-intein (SDB) was introduced into pro-MTG to simplify its activation process by controlling pH. The recombinant protein (pro-SDB-MTG) was obtained, and the activation process was determined to take 24 h at pH 7 in vitro. To investigate the effect of the first residue in MTG on the activity and the cleavage time, two variants, pro-SDB-MTG(D1S) and pro-SDB-MTG(ΔD1), were expressed, and the activation time was found to be 6 h and 30 h, respectively. The enzymatic property and secondary structure of the recombinant MTG and two variants were similar to those of the wild type, indicating that the insertion of mini-intein did not affect the function of MTG. This insignificant effect was further illustrated by molecular dynamics simulations. This study revealed a controllable and effective strategy to regulate the activation process of pro-MTG mediated by a mini-intein, and it may have great potential for industrial MTG production.
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46
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Lin CC, Liu TT, Kan SC, Zang CZ, Yeh CW, Wu JY, Chen JH, Shieh CJ, Liu YC. Production of d-hydantoinase via surface display and self-cleavage system. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:562-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Xin A, Zhao Y, Yu H, Shi H, Liu H, Diao H, Zhang Y. Soluble fusion expression, characterization and localization of human β-defensin 6. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:149-55. [PMID: 24189797 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human β‑defensin 6 (DEFB106) is an antimicrobial peptide expressed in the epididymis, testis and lung, which indicates that DEFB106 may be involved in innate immunity and fertility. However, as a β‑defensin, this protein has not been well characterized. Using an intein‑mediated fusion expression system, the recombinant DEFB106 was expressed and purified (yield, 3‑5 mg/l) under optimized conditions. The purified protein was characterized using mass spectrometry and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The measured molecular weight was consistent with its theoretical value and the predominant secondary structure was β‑sheet, the common structure of β‑defensin family members. The purified DEFB106 showed antimicrobial activity against not only Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) SC5314, but also Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) CMCC26003. Furthermore, it exhibited a high affinity for heparin and lipopolysaccharide. In addition, it was determined that native DEFB106 was located in the epididymis, bone marrow and skin. These observations may aid in the determination of the physiological and pathological functions of DEFB106.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijie Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
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48
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Warren TD, Coolbaugh MJ, Wood DW. Ligation-independent cloning and self-cleaving intein as a tool for high-throughput protein purification. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 91:169-74. [PMID: 23968594 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapid production of purified recombinant proteins has become increasingly important for countless applications. Many purification methods involve expression of target proteins in fusion to purification tags, which often must be removed from the target proteins after purification. Recently, engineered inteins have been used to create convenient self-cleaving tags for tag removal. Although intein methods can greatly simplify protein purification, commercially available expression vectors still rely on conventional restriction/ligation cloning methods for target gene insertion. We have streamlined this process by introducing Ligation-Independent Cloning (LIC) capability to our intein expression plasmids, which provides a simple method for constructing self-cleaving tag-target gene fusions. In this work, we demonstrate efficient gene insertion via this system, as well as target protein expression and purification consistent with previously reported results. Through this newly developed system, arbitrary protein genes can be rapidly incorporated into self-cleaving tag expression vectors, and their products purified using convenient platform methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiana D Warren
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
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49
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Gion WR, Davis-Taber RA, Regier DA, Fung E, Medina L, Santora LC, Bose S, Ivanov AV, Perilli-Palmer BA, Chumsae CM, Matuck JG, Kunes YZ, Carson GR. Expression of antibodies using single open reading frame (sORF) vector design: Demonstration of manufacturing feasibility. MAbs 2013; 5:595-607. [PMID: 23774760 PMCID: PMC3906313 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.25161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient production of large quantities of therapeutic antibodies is becoming a major goal of the pharmaceutical industry. We developed a proprietary expression system using a polyprotein precursor-based approach to antibody expression in mammalian cells. In this approach, the coding regions for heavy and light chains are included within a single open reading frame (sORF) separated by an in-frame intein gene. A single mRNA and subsequent polypeptide are produced upon transient and stable transfection into HEK293 and CHO cells, respectively. Heavy and light chains are separated by the autocatalytic action of the intein and antibody processing proceeds to produce active, secreted antibody. Here, we report advances in sORF technology toward establishment of a viable manufacturing platform for therapeutic antibodies in CHO cells. Increasing expression levels and improving antibody processing by intein and signal peptide selection are discussed.
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50
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Production of horsegram (Dolichos biflorus) Bowman-Birk inhibitor by an intein mediated protein purification system. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 89:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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