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Wang M, Phillips TD. Lecithin-amended montmorillonite clays enhance the antibacterial effect of barrier creams. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 229:113450. [PMID: 37451226 PMCID: PMC10528371 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess in vitro antibacterial activity of barrier cream (EVB) formulations containing either calcium montmorillonite (CM) or lecithin-amended montmorillonite (CML). All ingredients were generally recognized as safe (GRAS), and clay minerals were specifically studied due to their known ability to adsorb numerous toxins of human clinical relevance. Characterization of the EVB formulations showed good spreadability, pH, appearance, unity, viscosity, and no evidence of phase separation. Colony forming, disk diffusion susceptibility, and agar dilution assays were used to determine the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of total EVB formulations, as well as respective individual ingredients, against E. coli. Active ingredients within the base EVB formulation were found to be essential oils and zinc oxide. EVB-CML at 0.5-25 mg/mL dose-dependently and significantly (p ≤ 0.01) enhanced the antibacterial activity of the base EVB formulation. MBC values for EVB-CML were 2.5 mg/mL in the colony forming assay and 0.75 mg/mL in the agar dilution test, with a zone of inhibition. Both EVB and EVB-CML displayed stronger antibacterial activity than four antimicrobial creams currently marketed in the United States. Moreover, this effect was rapid, favored by high temperature, and product stability testing suggested a shelf life of at least 10 months. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the ability of CML to enhance the antibacterial effect of the base EVB formulation against E. coli. This novel EVB-CML formulation represents a promising advancement toward improved antibacterial efficacy beyond current industry standards for commercial skin creams and sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Wang
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Timothy D Phillips
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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2
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Ararem A, Khechekhouche F, Bensemma N, Touiza M, Ghioub F. Adsorption behavior of molybdenum onto K-doped γ-Al 2O 3 and iron clay nanocomposite. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2022-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Adsorption of molybdenum was carried out on two materials; potassium doped γ-Al2O3 (KA) and bentonite iron oxide composite (BIOC) with purpose of using in production of chromatographic 99mTc generators, for KA absorbent, different ranges of potassium loadings have been considered, for BIOC solid the used weight ratio was (Bentonite/Fe = 2/1). Samples were characterized by XRD and WDXRF. Adsorption of MoxOy
z− species was carried out at pH 2.5 and 25 °C, effects of contact time and pH were studied. The Mo adsorption data onto used materials were well fitted using Freundlich and Langmuir models. Doped alumina samples showed higher adsorption capacities (∼90 mg g−1) than the usual alumina used in generator technology (∼60 mg g−1), whereas adsorption capacities of BIOC solid were in the range of (∼75 mg g−1).
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A novel montmorillonite clay-cetylpyridinium chloride complex as a potential antiamoebic composite material in contact lenses disinfection. Exp Parasitol 2022; 240:108330. [PMID: 35868573 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acanthamoeba keratitis is a painful, sight-threatening infection. It is commonly associated with the use of contact lens. Several lines of evidence suggest inadequate contact lens solutions especially against the cyst forms of pathogenic Acanthamoeba, indicating the need to develop effective disinfectants. OBJECTIVE In this work, the application and assessment of montmorillonite clay (Mt-clay), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and cetylpyridinium chloride-montmorillonite clay complex (CPC-Mt) against keratitis-causing A. castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype was studied. METHODS Adhesion to human cells and amoeba-mediated cytopathogenicity assays were conducted to determine the impact of Mt-clay, CPC and CPC-Mt complex on amoeba-mediated binding and host cell death. Furthermore, assays were also performed to determine inhibitory effects of Mt-clay, CPC and CPC-Mt complex on encystment and excystment. In addition, the cytotoxicity of Mt-clay, CPC and CPC-Mt complex against human cells was examined. RESULTS The results revealed that CPC and CPC-Mt complex presented significant antiamoebic effects against A. castellanii at microgram dose. Also, the CPC and CPC-Mt complex inhibited amoebae binding to host cells. Furthermore, CPC and CPC-Mt complex, were found to inhibit the encystment and excystment processes. Finally, CPC and CPC-Mt complex showed minimal host cell cytotoxicity. These results show that CPC and CPC-Mt complex exhibit potent anti-acanthamoebic properties. CONCLUSION Given the ease of usage, safety, cost-effectiveness and long-term stability, CPC and CPC-Mt complex can prove to be an excellent choice in the rational development of contact-lens disinfectants to eradicate pathogenic Acanthamoeba effectively.
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Zhang B, Zhou Z, Cao W, Qi X, Xu C, Wen W. A New Few-Shot Learning Method of Bacterial Colony Counting Based on the Edge Computing Device. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020156. [PMID: 35205023 PMCID: PMC8869218 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial colony counting is a time consuming but important task for many fields, such as food quality testing and pathogen detection, which own the high demand for accurate on-site testing. However, bacterial colonies are often overlapped, adherent with each other, and difficult to precisely process by traditional algorithms. The development of deep learning has brought new possibilities for bacterial colony counting, but deep learning networks usually require a large amount of training data and highly configured test equipment. The culture and annotation time of bacteria are costly, and professional deep learning workstations are too expensive and large to meet portable requirements. To solve these problems, we propose a lightweight improved YOLOv3 network based on the few-shot learning strategy, which is able to accomplish high detection accuracy with only five raw images and be deployed on a low-cost edge device. Compared with the traditional methods, our method improved the average accuracy from 64.3% to 97.4% and decreased the False Negative Rate from 32.1% to 1.5%. Our method could greatly improve the detection accuracy, realize the portability for on-site testing, and significantly save the cost of data collection and annotation over 80%, which brings more potential for bacterial colony counting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beini Zhang
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong;
| | - Zhentao Zhou
- Clearwaterbay Biomaterials Ltd., Shenzhen 518100, China; (Z.Z.); (W.C.)
| | - Wenbin Cao
- Clearwaterbay Biomaterials Ltd., Shenzhen 518100, China; (Z.Z.); (W.C.)
| | - Xirui Qi
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; (X.Q.); (C.X.)
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; (X.Q.); (C.X.)
| | - Weijia Wen
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong;
- Correspondence:
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Akbar N, Siddiqui R, Khamis M, Ibrahim T, Khan NA. Cationic Surfactant-Natural Clay Complex as a Novel Agent Against Acanthamoeba castellanii Belonging to the T4 Genotype. Eye Contact Lens 2021; 47:592-597. [PMID: 34173368 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acanthamoeba is a protozoan pathogen that is widely distributed in the environment. Given the opportunity, it can cause a serious eye infection known as Acanthamoeba keratitis as well as a fatal brain infection known as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Inappropriate use of contact lenses can contribute to contracting Acanthamoeba keratitis, and contact lens disinfectants are not always effective in eradicating Acanthamoeba. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel antimicrobial agents with efficient antiamoebic properties. OBJECTIVE In this study, we tested octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA)-clay (montmorillonite) complex as a novel antiamoebic agent. METHODS Using A. castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype of keratitis origin, amobicidal assays were performed to determine the effects of ODTMA-cay complex on the viability of parasites at various concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 μg. Adhesion and cytopathogenicity assays were performed to investigate ODTMA effects on A. castellanii-mediated binding and damage to human cells. Encystation and excystation assays were conducted to establish ODTMA-mediated inhibitory effects against the cyst stage of A. castellanii. RESULTS Using cell survival assays, the results revealed that ODTMA-clay complex exhibited amobicidal activity against keratitis-causing A. castellanii in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of A. castellanii with ODTMA-clay complex inhibited parasite adhesion to as well as parasite-mediated human cell damage. Using encystation and excystation assays, it was revealed that ODTMA-clay complex inhibited A. castellanii cysts at 100 μg (P<0.05). CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, it was shown that ODTMA-clay complex exhibited anti-Acanthamoebic activities. The possibility of adding ODTMA-clay in a contact lens cleaning solution to formulate effective disinfectants is discussed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Akbar
- College of Arts and Sciences (N.A., R.S., M.K.); College of Engineering (T.I.), American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; and Department of Clinical Sciences (N.A.K.), College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, Unites Arab Emirates
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Noori F, Neree AT, Megoura M, Mateescu MA, Azzouz A. Insights into the metal retention role in the antibacterial behavior of montmorillonite and cellulose tissue-supported copper and silver nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24156-24171. [PMID: 35479001 PMCID: PMC9036826 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02854e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the retention strength of Cu0 and Ag0 nanoparticles on the induced antibacterial properties of montmorillonite and cellulose-supported polyol dendrimer was comparatively investigated. An unprecedented approach involving X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and surface charge measurements allowed correlating the host–matrix features to the different antibacterial activities of Cu0 and Ag0 nanoparticles against both the bacterial strains. Optimal metal–matrix interactions appear to favor high dispersion of both metal particles and material grains, thereby improving the contact surface with the cultivation media. This was explained in terms of hydrophilic character and judicious compromise between the metal retention by the host–matrix and release in the impregnating media. Competitive Lewis acid–base interactions appear to occur between MNP, solid surface and liquid media. These findings are of great importance, providing a deeper understanding of the antibacterial activity of metal-loaded materials. This opens promising prospects for vegetal fibers and clay-supported drugs to treat dermatological and gastro-intestinal infections. The role of the retention strength of Cu0 and Ag0 nanoparticles on the induced antibacterial properties of montmorillonite and cellulose-supported polyol dendrimer against Escherichia coli DH5α and Bacillus subtilis 168 was comparatively investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Noori
- Chemistry Department, Nanoqam, Université du Québec à Montréal QC H3C 3P8 Canada +1 514 987 4054 +1 514 987-4319 +1 514 987 3000 ext. 4119
| | | | - Meriem Megoura
- Chemistry Department, Nanoqam, Université du Québec à Montréal QC H3C 3P8 Canada +1 514 987 4054 +1 514 987-4319 +1 514 987 3000 ext. 4119.,CERMO-FC Center, Université du Québec à Montréal QC H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Mircea Alexandru Mateescu
- Chemistry Department, Nanoqam, Université du Québec à Montréal QC H3C 3P8 Canada +1 514 987 4054 +1 514 987-4319 +1 514 987 3000 ext. 4119.,CERMO-FC Center, Université du Québec à Montréal QC H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Abdelkrim Azzouz
- Chemistry Department, Nanoqam, Université du Québec à Montréal QC H3C 3P8 Canada +1 514 987 4054 +1 514 987-4319 +1 514 987 3000 ext. 4119
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Abstract
Choosing the material with the best regeneration potential and properties closest to that of the extracellular matrix is one of the main challenges in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Natural polymers, such as collagen, elastin, and cellulose, are widely used for this purpose in tissue engineering. Cellulose derived from bacteria has excellent mechanical properties, high hydrophilicity, crystallinity, and a high degree of polymerization and, therefore, can be used as scaffold/membrane for tissue engineering. In the current study, we reviewed the latest trends in the application of bacterial cellulose (BC) polymers as a scaffold in different types of tissue, including bone, vascular, skin, and cartilage. Also, we mentioned the biological and mechanical advantages and disadvantages of BC polymers. Given the data presented in this study, BC polymer could be suggested as a favorable natural polymer in the design of tissue scaffolds. Implementing novel composites that combine this polymer with other materials through modern or rapid prototyping methods can open up a great prospect in the future of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Martsouka F, Papagiannopoulos K, Hatziantoniou S, Barlog M, Lagiopoulos G, Tekerlekopoulou AG, Papoulis D. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Protection of Pharmaceutical Kaolin and Talc Modified with Copper and Zinc. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1173. [PMID: 33801536 PMCID: PMC7958952 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Six pharmaceutical pastes were prepared using chemically modified kaolin and talc powders. Tests were conducted to determine their structural and chemical characteristics as well as their antimicrobial protection, thus rendering them suitable for cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses. Kaolin and talc were treated chemically via the cation exchange method to load the clay particles with copper and zinc ions, two cations well known for their antimicrobial properties. Mineralogical analyses were conducted by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) before and after the modification, confirming the mineralogical purity of the samples. Scanning electron microscopy was also used in conjunction with energy dispersed spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to obtain chemical mapping images, revealing the dispersion of the added metals upon the clay minerals surfaces. Moreover, chemical analysis has been performed (XRF) to validate the enrichment of the clays with each metal utilizing the cation exchange capacity. All modified samples showed the expected elevated concentration in copper or zinc in comparison to their unmodified versions. From the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the chemical state of the samples' surfaces was investigated, revealing the presence of salt compounds and indicating the oxidation state of adsorbed metals. Finally, the resistance of pastes in microbial growth when challenged with bacteria, molds, and yeasts was assessed. The evaluation is based on the European Pharmacopeia (EP) criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Martsouka
- Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (D.P.)
| | | | | | - Martin Barlog
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Giorgos Lagiopoulos
- Microbiology Department, Quality Assurance and Control Systems—QACS Labs, Antigonis 1, 14451 Metamorfosis, Greece;
| | | | - Dimitrios Papoulis
- Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (D.P.)
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Wu H, Yan Y, Feng J, Zhang J, Deng S, Cai X, Huang L, Xie X, Shi Q, Tan S. Cetylpyridinium bromide/montmorillonite-graphene oxide composite with good antibacterial activity. Biomed Mater 2020; 15:055002. [PMID: 32217814 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab8440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB)/montmorillonite-graphene oxide (GM) composite (GM-CPB) was prepared by loading CPB in a carrier of GM. The chemical structure, elemental composition, morphology, thermogravimetric analysis, antibacterial activity, sustained release property and cytotoxicity were analyzed. The loading rate of CPB in a GM carrier was higher than that of the graphene oxide (GO) carrier under the same loading condition. The antibacterial activity and sustained release performance of GM-CPB were also better than that of GO-CPB; furthermore, GM-CPB showed lower cytotoxicity than CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China. Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-Like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China. These authors contributed equally
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10
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Liu S, Chen M, Cao X, Li G, Zhang D, Li M, Meng N, Yin J, Yan B. Chromium (VI) removal from water using cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-modified montmorillonite. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Preparation and characterization of copper and zinc adsorbed cetylpyridinium and N-lauroylsarcosinate intercalated montmorillonites and their antibacterial activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 188:110791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Johnson T, Brineman R, Schultze C, Barkovskii AL. Efficient removal of bacteria from aqueous media with kaolinite and diatomaceous earth products. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:466-473. [PMID: 32180297 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To understand the relationships between physical and chemical parameters of kaolinite and diatomaceous earth, and their capacities to remove bacteria from aqueous media. To determine the optimal aqueous media parameters for use of these products in water disinfection processes. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven kaolinite and three diatomaceous earth products were evaluated. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus megaterium were used as proxy for bacterial pathogens. Fully calcined kaolin and amorphous diatomaceous earth demonstrated the highest extent and consistency in removing all the bacteria. The removal depended on ionic strength and pH of aqueous media with 100 mmol l-1 pH 5 potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer revealing the highest (2 log per gram) extent of the removal. Al3+ cations enhanced sorption up to 4 log per gram. CONCLUSIONS Calcined kaolin and amorphous diatomaceous earth are excellent sorbents for bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Fully calcined kaolin and amorphous diatomaceous earth are perspective tools for wastewater and water disinfection against waterborne bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Johnson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA
| | - R Brineman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA
| | - C Schultze
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA
| | - A L Barkovskii
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA
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França DB, Trigueiro P, Silva Filho EC, Fonseca MG, Jaber M. Monitoring diclofenac adsorption by organophilic alkylpyridinium bentonites. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125109. [PMID: 31675586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organoclays have been applied as efficient adsorbents for pharmaceutical pollutants from aqueous solution. In this work, dodecylpyridinium chloride (C12pyCl) and hexadecylpyridinium chloride (C16pyCl) cationic surfactants were used for the preparation of organobentonites destined for diclofenac sodium (DFNa) adsorption, an anionic drug widely detected in wastewater. The organofunctionalization of the clay samples was performed under microwave irradiation at 50 °C for 5 min with surfactant amounts of 100% and 200% in relation to the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the pristine bentonite. The amount of incorporated ammonium salts based on CHN elemental analysis was higher for all samples prepared with 200% of the CEC. The basal spacings of the organoclays ranged from 1.54 to 2.13 nm, indicating the entrance of organic cations into the interlayer spacing of the clay samples, and the spacing depended on the size of the alkyl organic chain. The hydrophobic character of the organobentonites was verified by thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption isotherms showed that the drug capacity adsorption was influenced by the amount of surfactant incorporated into the bentonite, the packing density and the arrangement of the surfactants in the interlayer spacing. Zeta potential measurements of the organobentonites and FTIR analysis after drug adsorption suggested that electrostatic and nonelectrostatic interactions contributed to the mechanism of adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B França
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, s/n - Castelo Branco III, 58051-085, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Extensão - Laboratório de Combustíveis e Materiais (NPE - LACOM), Brazil
| | - Pollyana Trigueiro
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Materiais Avançados (LIMAV), Centro de Tecnologia, UFPI, Teresina, Piaui, 64064-260, Brazil
| | - E C Silva Filho
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Materiais Avançados (LIMAV), Centro de Tecnologia, UFPI, Teresina, Piaui, 64064-260, Brazil
| | - M G Fonseca
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, s/n - Castelo Branco III, 58051-085, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Extensão - Laboratório de Combustíveis e Materiais (NPE - LACOM), Brazil.
| | - M Jaber
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale, CNRS UMR 8220, Tour 23, 3ème étage, couloir 23-33, BP 225, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
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Buruga K, Song H, Shang J, Bolan N, Jagannathan TK, Kim KH. A review on functional polymer-clay based nanocomposite membranes for treatment of water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120584. [PMID: 31419722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water is essential for every living being. Increasing population, mismanagement of water sources, urbanization, industrialization, globalization, and global warming have all contributed to the scarcity of fresh water sources and the growing demand of such resources. Securing and allocating sufficient water resources has thus become one of the current major global challenges. Membrane technology has dominated the field of water purification due to its ease of usage and fabrication with high efficiency. The development of novel membrane materials can hence play a central role in advancing the field of membrane technology. It is noted that polymer-clay nanocomposites have been used widely for treatment of waste water. Nonetheless, not much efforts have been put to functionalize their membranes to be selective for specific targets. This review was organized to offer better insights into various types of functional polymer and clays composite membranes developed for efficient treatment and purification of water/wastewater. Our discussion was extended further to evaluate the efficacy of membrane techniques employed in the water industry against major chemical (e.g., heavy metal, dye, and phenol) and biological contaminants (e.g., biofouling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezia Buruga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal 575025, India
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Shang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | | | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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15
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Effects of clay on performance, moisture of droppings and health status of poultry: an overview. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s004393391500015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Santovito E, Greco D, D'Ascanio V, Marquis V, Raspoet R, Logrieco AF, Avantaggiato G. Equilibrium Isotherm Approach to Measure the Capability of Yeast Cell Wall to Adsorb Clostridium perfringens. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:630-637. [PMID: 31099591 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast cell wall (YCW) products are currently used as substitutes to antibiotic growth promoters, to improve animal performances, and to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases in livestock. They are claimed to bind enteropathogens, thus interfering with their colonization in the intestinal mucosa. Although the anti-infectious activity of YCW products on Gram-positive pathogens like Clostridium perfringens has been reported in vivo, in vitro evidences on the adsorption of C. perfringens by YCW fractions are not yet available. Preliminary results showed that purified YCW products exert antimicrobial activity toward C. perfringens. Using the adsorption isotherm approach, we measured the ability of YCW products in adsorbing C. perfringens, thus reducing its viability. Dosages of YCW products >1 mg/mL adsorbed 4 Log colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL of C. perfringens in buffered solution. The maximum adsorption of the bacterium was reached in 3 h, whereas only one product of four YCW products retained the adsorption up to 6 h. The analysis of equilibrium isotherms and adsorption kinetics revealed that all products adsorb C. perfringens in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with high affinity and capacity, sequestering up to 4 Log CFU/mg of product. The determination of adsorption parameters allows to differentiate among adsorbents and select the most efficient product. This approach discriminated among YCW products more efficiently than the antimicrobial assay. In conclusion, this study suggests that the ability of YCW products in reducing C. perfringens viability can be the result of an adsorption mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Santovito
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Greco
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Vito D'Ascanio
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ruth Raspoet
- Phileo-Lesaffre Animal Care, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
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17
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Chen JF, Liu X, Qu X, Guo S. Montmorillonite improved the intestinal mucosal barrier functions of laying hens in late production. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1081-1089. [PMID: 31008545 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with montmorillonite (MMT) on performance, intestinal endotoxin concentration, gut mucosal oxidation status, intestinal morphology and permeability, and immunological barrier function of laying hens during late production. Four hundred and eighty 75-week-old laying hens (Lohmann Brown) were randomly assigned to five treatments with eight replicates per treatment and 12 hens in each replicate. The hens were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, or 1.2 g MMT/kg for 70 days. Compared with the control, supplemented with 0.9 g MMT/kg increased egg mass significantly (p < 0.05) during weeks 1-5 of the experiment. Supplemented with 0.6 and 0.9 g MMT/kg also increased the endotoxin concentration in the ileal digesta (p < 0.05), but decreased the MDA concentration in the ileum significantly (p < 0.05). The T-AOC in the jejunum of the group fed 0.3 g MMT/kg was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Compared with the control, the villus height:crypt depth of ileum from the groups fed 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 g MMT/kg increased significantly (p < 0.05). The sIgA concentration of jejunum in the groups fed 0.6 and 0.9 g MMT/kg was higher (p < 0.05) than the control. The MMT supplementation linearly increased (p < 0.05) the mRNA expression of claudin-1 and claudin-5 in the jejunum. Dietary MMT supplementation down-regulated the mRNA expression of NF-κB P65 and TNF-α in the jejunum in a linear and quadratic manner (p < 0.05). The IL-1β mRNA expression of jejunum in the group fed 0.6 g MMT/kg was lower (p < 0.05) than the control. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with MMT may improve the gut barrier functions and suggests that 0.9 g/kg of MMT in diets may be the optimal supplemental level for laying hens in late production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Fa Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyong Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Songchang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
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18
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Microbial mechanism of organic contaminant removal of sodium bentonite/clay (BC) mixtures in high-permeability regions utilizing reclaimed wastewater. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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19
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Di Ruocco C, Acocella MR, Guerra G. Release of Cationic Drugs from Charcoal. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E683. [PMID: 30823578 PMCID: PMC6416595 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this research is to improve preparation of charcoal adducts in a manner suitable for cationic drug release, possibly using an eco-friendly procedure. Charcoal, widely commercialized for human ingestion, is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide in mild conditions. Adducts of a cationic drug (lidocaine hydrochloride, a medication used as local anesthetic) with charcoal are prepared after basification of charcoal and characterized mainly by elemental analysis, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The drug in the prepared adducts is present in amount close to 30% by weight and can be readily released to both neutral and acidic aqueous solutions. Cation release, as studied by UV spectra of aqueous solutions, is faster in acidic solutions and is faster than for adducts with graphite oxide, which can be prepared only in harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Ruocco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Acocella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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20
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Li Y, Wei Y, Huang S, Liu X, Jin Z, Zhang M, Qu J, Jin Y. Biosorption of Cr(VI) onto Auricularia auricula dreg biochar modified by cationic surfactant: Characteristics and mechanism. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Ag-carried CMC/functional copolymer/ODA-Mt wLED-treated NC and their responses to brain cancer cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:463-476. [PMID: 30184772 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The subject of this work is synthesis and characterization of novel multifunctional nanocomposite (8/2A-NC) consisting (1) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a matrix biopolymer and poly (maleic acid-alt-acrylic acid) as a reactive synthetic partner matrix polymer; (2) octadecyl amine montmorillonite (ODA-MMT) reactive organoclay provide intercalated silicate layers structures and aqueous colloidal dispersing medium, and MMT as carriers and targeting agents for anticancer agents in drug delivery systems, respectively. ODA as a intercalated surfactant finely dispersed 8/2A NC and its compatibility with matrix polymers via the interfacial polarization (complexing) and functionalization of matrix polymers by amine (ODA) and carboxylic acids from both the CMC and copolymer; (3) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as in-situ generated onto matrix polymers with unique nano-size and morphology parameters was synthesized. Important material science and bioengineering aspects of these investigations included (a) novel approach in synthetic pathways; (b) effects of physical and chemical structural rearrangements; (c) effects of Light Emitting Dioda (LED)-treatment on the FT-IR spectra, XRD reflection parameters, SEM-TEM morphology and nano-size and diameter distribution of AgNPs onto matrix polymers; (d) positive effect of LED-treatment of 8/2A nanocomposite and its response to the MIAPaCa-2 and U87 human brain cancer cell lines were evaluated. Novel 8/2A-NC multifunctional drug consisting unique positive, intercalating and encapsulated core-shell morphology structures, nano-size (5.6 nm) and narrow diameter distribution (94%) of AgNPs onto matrix polymers [silver NPs (0.25%) in 8/2A NC (25%)] with highest volume of contact area compared with used cancer micro-cells show lowest cell viability as an excellent anticancer platform. 8/2A-NC is a novel multifunctional drug with intercalating and encapsulated core-shell morphology structures consisting of positively charged, non-randomly distributed AgNPs with a large contact area and low diameters (5-6 nm). The anticancer properties of (This factor is not conformed experimentally in work) this drug can be explained by the following structural factors: 8/2A-NC contains a combination of active sites from protonated hydroxyl, carboxyl and amine groups; Ag+-cations and ODA-MMT with high physical and chemical surface areas. We suggest this material be further explored for anti-cancer testing.
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Qu X, Chen J, He C, Chi F, Johnston S. Effects of modified montmorillonite adsorbent on performance, egg quality, serum biochemistry, oxidation status, and immune response of laying hens in late production. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Sun B, Zhang M, Zhou N, Chu X, Yuan P, Chi C, Wu F, Shen J. Study on montmorillonite–chlorhexidine acetate–terbinafine hydrochloride intercalation composites as drug release systems. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21369-21377. [PMID: 35539924 PMCID: PMC9080925 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on the intercalation of chlorhexidine acetate (CA) and terbinafine hydrochloride (TBH) into montmorillonite as sustained release drug carriers. The intercalation compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The basal spacing of montmorillonite increased from 1.23 to 2.97 nm. It was confirmed that CA and TBH molecules were well-stabilized in the interlayer space of clay via mono-, double or triplicate layer stacking. The adsorption amounts and molecular structures of CA and TBH appeared to depend on the cation exchange capacity of MMT, which in turn, tailored the drug release patterns. In vitro release tests of MMT–CA–TBH in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution at 37 °C show a biphasic and sustained profile of CA and TBH ion release. After release, dissolution–diffusion kinetic models were fitted. The mechanism of MMT–CA–TBH release is probably due to surface diffusion and bulk diffusion via ionic exchange of MMT ions on or in the MMT with ions in the NaCl solution. The in vitro release experiments revealed that CA and TBH were released from MMT steadily, depending on the cooperation between the drugs themselves and the electrostatic interactions between the drugs and MMT. It was found that the cross-linking ratio increased due to a decrease in the free volume available for diffusion. This paper focuses on the intercalation of chlorhexidine acetate (CA) and terbinafine hydrochloride (TBH) into montmorillonite as sustained release drug carriers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohong Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Ninglin Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Xiaohong Chu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Fan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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Türker S, Yarza F, Sánchez R, Yapar S. Surface and interface properties of benzethonium chloride-montmorillonite. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Antibacterial LDPE Nanocomposites Based on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles/Vermiculite Nanofiller. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Thermal stability and decomposition kinetic studies of antimicrobial PCL/nanoclay packaging films. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-1929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Characterisation, in vitro release study, and antibacterial activity of montmorillonite-gentamicin complex material. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:471-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Babu SS, Mathew S, Kalarikkal N, Thomas S, E. K R. Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and microbial barrier properties of poly (ε-caprolactone)/cloisite 30B thin films. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:249. [PMID: 28330321 PMCID: PMC5114210 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of antibacterial and antibiofilm surfaces is in high demand. In this study, nanocomposite of Poly (ε-caprolactone)/Cloisite 30B was prepared by the solvent casting method. The membranes were characterised by SEM, AFM, and FTIR. Evaluation of water uptake, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and microbial barrier properties demonstrated a significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against MTCC strain of Staphylococcus haemolyticus and strong biofilm positive Staphylococcus epidermidis of clinical origin at low clay concentrations. These membranes acted as an excellent barrier to the penetration of microorganism. These nanocomposites can have promising applications in various fields including packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Sajeendra Babu
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686 560 India
| | - Shiji Mathew
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686 560 India
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686 560 India
- School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686 560 India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686 560 India
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686 560 India
| | - Radhakrishnan E. K
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686 560 India
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29
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Lombardo PC, Poli AL, Castro LF, Perussi JR, Schmitt CC. Photochemical Deposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Clays and Exploring Their Antibacterial Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21640-21647. [PMID: 27487246 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical method was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the presence of citrate or clay (SWy-1, SYn-1, and Laponite B) as stabilizers and Lucirin TPO as photoinitiator. During the photochemical synthesis, an appearance of the plasmon absorption band was seen around 400 nm, indicating the formation of AgNPs. X-ray diffraction results suggested that AgNPs prepared in SWy-1 were adsorbed into interlamellar space, and moreover, showed some clay exfoliation. In the case of SYn-1, AgNPs was not intercalated. For the AgNP/Lap B sample, the formation of an exfoliated structure occurred. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the spherical shape of AgNPs for all samples. The particle sizes obtained for AgNP/SWy-1, AgNP/SYn-1, and AgNP/Lap B were 2.6, 5.1, and 3.8 nm, respectively. AgNPs adsorbed on SYn-1 reveal nonuniform size and aggregation of some particles. However, AgNP/SWy-1 and AgNP/Lap B samples are more uniform and have diameters smaller than those prepared with SYn-1. This behavior is due to the ability to exfoliate these clays. The antibacterial activities of pure clays, AgNP/citrate, and AgNP/clays were investigated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). AgNPs in the presence of clays (AgNPs/SYn-1 and AgNPs/SWy-1) showed a lower survival index percentage compared to those obtained for pure clays and AgNPs. The AgNP/SWy-1 sample showed good antibacterial activity against both tested species and the lowest survival index of 3.9 and 4.3 against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. AgNPs are located in the interlayer region of the SWy-1, which has acid sites. These acidic sites may contribute to the release of Ag(+) ions from the surface of AgNPs. On the other hand, Laponite B and AgNP/Lap B samples did not demonstrate any bactericidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia C Lombardo
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , Caixa Postal 780, 13560-970 São Carlos SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra L Poli
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , Caixa Postal 780, 13560-970 São Carlos SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas F Castro
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , Caixa Postal 780, 13560-970 São Carlos SP, Brazil
| | - Janice R Perussi
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , Caixa Postal 780, 13560-970 São Carlos SP, Brazil
| | - Carla C Schmitt
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , Caixa Postal 780, 13560-970 São Carlos SP, Brazil
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Carmellose Mucoadhesive Oral Films Containing Vermiculite/Chlorhexidine Nanocomposites as Innovative Biomaterials for Treatment of Oral Infections. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:580146. [PMID: 26064926 PMCID: PMC4430645 DOI: 10.1155/2015/580146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Infectious stomatitis represents the most common oral cavity ailments. Current therapy is insufficiently effective because of the short residence time of topical liquid or semisolid medical formulations. An innovative application form based on bioadhesive polymers featuring prolonged residence time on the oral mucosa may be a solution to this challenge. This formulation consists of a mucoadhesive oral film with incorporated nanocomposite biomaterial that is able to release the drug directly at the target area. This study describes the unique approach of preparing mucoadhesive oral films from carmellose with incorporating a nanotechnologically modified clay mineral intercalated with chlorhexidine. The multivariate data analysis was employed to evaluate the influence of the formulation and process variables on the properties of the medical preparation. This evaluation was complemented by testing the antimicrobial and antimycotic activity of prepared films with the aim of finding the most suitable composition for clinical application. Generally, the best results were obtained with sample containing 20 mg of chlorhexidine diacetate carried by vermiculite, with carmellose in the form of nonwoven textile in its structure. In addition to its promising physicomechanical, chemical, and mucoadhesive properties, the formulation inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus and Candida; the effect was prolonged for tens of hours.
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Ke Y, Jiao L, Song Z, Xiao K, Lai T, Lu J, Hu C. Effects of cetylpyridinium-montmorillonite, as alternative to antibiotic, on the growth performance, intestinal microflora and mucosal architecture of weaned pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Development of antimicrobial PCL/nanoclay nanocomposite films with enhanced mechanical and water vapor barrier properties for packaging applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-014-1269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Holešová S, Štembírek J, Bartošová L, Pražanová G, Valášková M, Samlíková M, Pazdziora E. Antibacterial efficiency of vermiculite/chlorhexidine nanocomposites and results of the in vivo test of harmlessness of vermiculite. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:466-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Plachá D, Rosenbergová K, Slabotínský J, Kutláková KM, Studentová S, Martynková GS. Modified clay minerals efficiency against chemical and biological warfare agents for civil human protection. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 271:65-72. [PMID: 24603112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sorption efficiencies of modified montmorillonite and vermiculite of their mono ionic Na and organic HDTMA and HDP forms were studied against chemical and biological warfare agents such as yperite and selected bacterial strains. Yperite interactions with modified clay minerals were observed through its capture in low-density polyethylene foil-modified clay composites by measuring yperite gas permeation with using chemical indication and gas chromatography methods. The antibacterial activities of synthetized organoclays were tested against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species in minimum inhibitory concentration tests. The obtained results showed a positive influence of modified clay minerals on the significant yperite breakthrough-time increase. The most effective material was the polyethylene-Na form montmorillonite, while the polyethylene-Na form vermiculite showed the lowest efficiency. With increasing organic cations loading in the interlayer space the montmorillonite efficiency decreased, and in the case of vermiculite an opposite effect was observed. Generally the modified montmorillonites were more effective than modified vermiculites. The HDP cations seem to be more effective compare to the HDTMA. The antibacterial activity tests confirmed efficiency of all organically modified clay minerals against Gram-positive bacteria. The confirmation of antibacterial activity against Y. pestis, plague bacteria, is the most interesting result of this part of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Plachá
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, Poruba, Ostrava 708 33, Czech Republic; Energy Units for Utilization of non Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, Poruba, Ostrava 708 33, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Jiří Slabotínský
- National Institute for NBC Protection, Kamenná 71, Milín 262 31, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Mamulová Kutláková
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, Poruba, Ostrava 708 33, Czech Republic.
| | - Soňa Studentová
- Regional Materials Science and Technology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, Poruba, Ostrava 708 33, Czech Republic.
| | - Gražyna Simha Martynková
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, Poruba, Ostrava 708 33, Czech Republic.
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Sarkar B, Megharaj M, Shanmuganathan D, Naidu R. Toxicity of organoclays to microbial processes and earthworm survival in soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 261:793-800. [PMID: 23347724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organoclays have wide spread application in environmental remediation and nanocomposites synthesis. Some of the quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) commonly used to prepare organoclays are toxic to biota. However, information on the toxicity of organoclays is rarely available in the literature. This study assessed the toxicity of three laboratory prepared bentonite organoclays on the soil microbially mediated processes (such as dehydrogenase activity and potential nitrification) and soil inhabiting animals, such as earthworms. Toxicity to both microbial processes and earthworm followed the order: hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium modified bentonite>octadecyltrimethyl ammonium modified bentonite>arquad modified bentonite>unmodified bentonite. The organoclays were able to cause slight improvement (up to 25%) in the potential nitrification in some soils when they were added at low application rates up to 5%, but caused reduction (3-86%) in the dehydrogenase activity in all the soils irrespective of loading rates. The organoclays were extremely toxic to the survival and vigour of the earthworms. The average body weight loss of the worms reached as high as 62% in hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium modified bentonite treated soil even at 1% loading. This study holds utmost importance in assessing the toxicity of organoclays to soil microbially mediated processes and earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Sarkar
- CERAR - Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, Building X, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; CRC CARE - Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, P.O. Box 486, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia
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Wu Q, Zhou Y, Wang T. Effects of Formic Acid on the Adsorption of Escherichia ColiK 88on Modified Clinoptilolite. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1260/0263-6174.31.8.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujue Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Silylated montmorillonite based molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective binding and controlled release of thiamine hydrochloride. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Haroun A, Ahmed E, El-Halawany N, Taie H. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of novel synthesized nanocomposites based on polystyrene packaging material waste. Ing Rech Biomed 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Selective removal and inactivation of bacteria by nanoparticle composites prepared by surface modification of montmorillonite with quaternary ammonium compounds. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 29:1839-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cai X, Zhang J, Ouyang Y, Ma D, Tan S, Peng Y. Bacteria-adsorbed palygorskite stabilizes the quaternary phosphonium salt with specific-targeting capability, long-term antibacterial activity, and lower cytotoxicity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:5279-5285. [PMID: 23547786 DOI: 10.1021/la400824f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to extend the antibacterial time of quaternary phosphonium salt in bacteria, palygorskite (PGS) is used as the carrier of dodecyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide (DTP), and a DTP-PGS hybrid is prepared. Antibacterial performance of this novel hybrid is investigated for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results show that the DTP could be absorbed on the surface of PGS which had bacteria-adsorbed capability. The DTP-PGS hybrid, combining the advantages of PGS and DTP, display specific-targeting capability, long-term antibacterial activity, and lower cytotoxicity, suggesting the great potential application as PGS-based antibacterial powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Kang JK, Lee CG, Park JA, Kim SB, Choi NC, Park SJ. Adhesion of bacteria to pyrophyllite clay in aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:703-710. [PMID: 23837321 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.715677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the adhesion of bacteria (Escherichia coli) to pyrophyllite clay using batch and flow-through column experiments. Batch results demonstrated that pyrophyllite was effective in removing bacteria (94.5 +/- 2.0%) from aqueous solution (1 mM NaCl solution; pyrophyllite dose of 1 g/ml). At solution pH 7.1, negatively-charged bacteria could be removed due to their adhesion to positively-charged surfaces of pyrophyllite (point of zero charge = 9.2). Column results showed that pyrophyllite (per cent removal of 94.1 +/- 2.3%) was far more effective in bacterial adhesion than quartz sand (53.6 +/- 5.3%) under the given experimental conditions (flow rate of 0.3 ml/min; solution of 1 mM NaCl + 0.1 mM NaHCO3). Bacterial removal in pyrophyllite columns increased from 90 to 100% with decreasing flow rate from 0.6 to 0.15 ml/min due to increasing contact time between bacteria and filter materials. In addition, bacterial removal remained relatively constant at 94-97% even though NaHCO3 concentration increased from 0.1 to 10 mM (flow rate of 0.3 ml/min). This could be related to the fact that pyrophyllite remained positively-charged even though the solution conditions changed. This study demonstrates that pyrophyllite could be used as adsorptive filter materials in the removal of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyu Kang
- Environmental Biocolloid Engineering Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Liu B, Shen S, Luo J, Wang X, Sun R. One-pot green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of exfoliated Ag NP-loaded quaternized chitosan/clay nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41270a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Meier L, Stange R, Michalsen A, Uehleke B. Clay jojoba oil facial mask for lesioned skin and mild acne--results of a prospective, observational pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:75-9. [PMID: 22585103 DOI: 10.1159/000338076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND External application of clay facial masks is a cosmetic procedure generally used to reduce skin lesions and to improve overall skin condition. OBJECTIVE Collecting pilot data about self-treatment with clay jojoba oil masks on participants with acne-prone, lesioned skin and acne. METHODS Open, prospective, observational pilot study: Participants received written information, instructions, and questionnaires without direct contact with the study physician. For 6 weeks, they applied the masks 2-3 times per week. The primary outcome is the difference of skin lesions: baseline vs. after 6 weeks. RESULTS 194 participants (192 female, 2 male, mean age (± SE) (32.3 ± 0.7 years) returned questionnaires and diaries. 133 of these participants returned complete and precise lesion counts (per-protocol (PP) collective). A 54% mean reduction in total lesion count was observed after 6 weeks of treatment with clay facial mask. Both inflammatory and non-inflammatory skin lesions were reduced significantly after treatment compared to baseline: Median counts (MC) of pustules per affected participant were reduced from 7.0 ± 0.9 to 3.0 ± 0.5 (mean individual reduction (MIR) = 49.4%), the MC of the papules from 3.5 ± 2.2 to 1.0 ± 0.4 (MIR = 57.3%), the MC of cysts from 2.0 ± 0.8 to 0.5 ± 0.4 (MIR = 68.6%) and the MC of comedones from 26.5 ± 6.3 to 16.0 ± 4.0 (MIR = 39.1%). DLQI-average score decreased from 5.0 ± 4.5 (mean ± SE) before to 2.1 ± 2.8 after treatment. CONCLUSIONS The present study gives preliminary evidence that healing clay jojoba oil facial masks can be effective treatment for lesioned skin and mild acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Meier
- Immanuel Hospital, Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Charité University Medical Centre, Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Berlin, Germany
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Haroun AA, Ahmed EF, Abd El-Ghaffar MA. Preparation and antimicrobial activity of poly (vinyl chloride)/gelatin/montmorillonite biocomposite films. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:2545-2553. [PMID: 21909641 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was using a novel antimicrobial thermoplastic plasticizer based on aliphatic anhydride derivative dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DSA) for blending poly (vinyl chloride), PVC, with gelatin in presence of montmorillonite (MMT) using Brabender via polymer melting technique. This anhydride-based plasticizer blended the membrane ingredients homogenously under melting process. The used plasticizer exhibited high performance antimicrobial potency for some biomedical and industrial applications. The prepared biocomposite films were evaluated for antimicrobial activity using agar disc diffusion method against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria such as: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia), Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The majority of these biocomposites, except the plasticized PVC with DOP, have shown inhibitory effect at different concentrations (1.0-20) mg/ml against all above mentioned bacteria. However, C. albicans and A. niger were the most resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Haroun
- Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt.
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Gedikoglu Y, Gedikoglu G, Berkin G, Ceyhan T, Altinoz MA. Employing volcanic tuff minerals in interior architecture design to reduce microbial contaminants and airborne fungal carcinogens of indoor environments. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:708-19. [PMID: 22042772 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711422727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have posed significant risks to human health since people have both shifted to a life spent, for the most part, indoors. Further, changes in materials used in the construction of buildings, furnishings, and tools either leak or encourage the production of VOCs. Whether these enclosed areas are residences, hospitals or workplaces (specifically composting facilities or closed farm buildings for raising livestock), VOCs can rise to levels that threaten people's health. VOCs can either originate from phenolic and benzene-like compounds in building materials and office furniture or from molds (fungi) growing inside improperly ventilated or sealed buildings. Regardless of the source, exposure to VOCs could lead to significant health concerns from sick-building syndrome, 'leukemia houses,' in-hospital fungemia cases or occupation-associated cancer epidemics due to aflatoxicosis. Innovative 21st-century building materials could offer solutions to these challenges. We propose that volcanic materials, clays and minerals (volcanic tuff, modified clay montmorillonite and mineral clinoptilolite), in their original or chemically modified form, could act like synthetic lungs in building walls, breathing and filtering VOCs, and thus limiting human exposure to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaman Gedikoglu
- Halic University, Department of Sports Education, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cai X, Tan S, Lin M, Xie A, Mai W, Zhang X, Lin Z, Wu T, Liu Y. Synergistic antibacterial brilliant blue/reduced graphene oxide/quaternary phosphonium salt composite with excellent water solubility and specific targeting capability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:7828-35. [PMID: 21585214 DOI: 10.1021/la201499s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble brilliant blue/reduced graphene oxide/tetradecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide composite (BB-rGO-TTP) was prepared by using noncovalent brilliant blue-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (BB-rGO) as the tetradecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (TTP) carrier. Antibacterial performance of this novel composite was investigated for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that the novel BB-rGO-TTP, combing the advantages of graphene and TTP, displayed excellent synergistic antibacterial activity, specific targeting capability, water solubility, and mild cytotoxicity, suggesting the great potential application as sprayable graphene-based antibacterial solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Xie A, Yan W, Zeng X, Dai G, Tan S, Cai X, Wu T. Microstructure and Antibacterial Activity of Phosphonium Montmorillonites. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.6.1936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Adsorptive property of Cu2+–ZnO/cetylpyridinium–montmorillonite complexes for pathogenic bacterium in vitro. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 79:390-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Williams LB, Haydel SE. Evaluation of the medicinal use of clay minerals as antibacterial agents. INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW 2010; 52:745-770. [PMID: 20640226 PMCID: PMC2904249 DOI: 10.1080/00206811003679737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural clays have been used to heal skin infections since the earliest recorded history. Recently our attention was drawn to a clinical use of French green clay (rich in Fe-smectite) for healing Buruli ulcer, a necrotizing fasciitis ('flesh-eating' infection) caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. These clays and others like them are interesting as they may reveal an antibacterial mechanism that could provide an inexpensive treatment for this and other skin infections, especially in global areas with limited hospitals and medical resources.Microbiological testing of two French green clays, and other clays used traditionally for healing, identified three samples that were effective at killing a broad-spectrum of human pathogens. A clear distinction must be made between 'healing clays' and those we have identified as antibacterial clays. The highly adsorptive properties of many clays may contribute to healing a variety of ailments, although they are not antibacterial. The antibacterial process displayed by the three identified clays is unknown. Therefore, we have investigated the mineralogical and chemical compositions of the antibacterial clays for comparison with non-antibacterial clays in an attempt to elucidate differences that may lead to identification of the antibacterial mechanism(s).The two French green clays used to treat Buruli ulcer, while similar in mineralogy, crystal size, and major element chemistry, have opposite effects on the bacterial populations tested. One clay deposit promoted bacterial growth whereas another killed the bacteria. The reasons for the difference in antibacterial properties thus far show that the bactericidal mechanism is not physical (e.g., an attraction between clay and bacteria), but by a chemical transfer or reaction. The chemical variables are still under investigation.Cation exchange experiments showed that the antibacterial component of the clay can be removed, implicating exchangeable cations in the antibacterial process. Furthermore, aqueous leachates of the antibacterial clays effectively kill the bacteria. Progressively heating the clay leads first to dehydration (200 degrees C), then dehydroxylation (550 degrees C or more), and finally to destruction of the clay mineral structure by (~900 degrees C). By identifying the elements lost after each heating step, and testing the bactericidal effect of the heated product, we eliminated many toxins from consideration (e.g., microbes, organic compounds, volatile elements) and identified several redox-sensitive refractory metals that are common among antibacterial clays. We conclude that the pH and oxidation state buffered by the clay mineral surfaces is key to controlling the solution chemistry and redox related reactions occurring at the bacterial cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda B. Williams
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, Tel. (480) 965-0829, Fax. (480) 965-8102,
| | - Shelley E. Haydel
- The Biodesign Institute Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, Tel. (480) 727-7234, Fax. (480) 727-0599,
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Cai X, Tan SZ, Liao MH, Wu T, Liu RF, Yu B. Thermal stability and long-acting antibacterial activity of phosphonium montmorillonites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11771-010-0511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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