1
|
Casals G, Ballesteros MA, Zamora A, Martínez I, Fernández-Varo G, Mora M, Hanzu FA, Morales-Ruiz M. LC-HRMS and GC-MS Profiling of Urine Free Cortisol, Cortisone, 6Β-, and 18-Hydroxycortisol for the Evaluation of Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Disorders. Biomolecules 2024; 14:558. [PMID: 38785966 PMCID: PMC11117527 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urine free cortisol measurements are routinely performed to evaluate hypercortisolism. Despite their analytical inaccuracy, immunoassay-based methods are frequently used. Advances in liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) facilitate the incorporation of powerful diagnostic tools into clinical laboratories. In addition to its high analytical specificity and simultaneous analysis of different metabolites, accurate mass measurement allows for untargeted compound identification, which may help to identify clinically relevant metabolites or drugs. METHODS The present study aimed to validate a simple routine LC-HRMS method to quantify cortisol, cortisone, 6β-hydroxycortisol, and 18-hydroxycortisol simultaneously in human urine. Additionally, the study also validated a GC-MS method for the same steroids, evaluated their cross-reactivity with commercial cortisol immunoassays, and quantified the 24 h urine excretion in patients under clinical suspicion or follow-up for hypercortisolism. RESULTS The LC-HRMS method involved liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane, micro-LC for chromatographic separation and detection using the accurate masses of the steroids, and simultaneous high-resolution full scan acquisition. The method presented acceptable linearity, precision, and accuracy. Significant interference from 6β-hydroxycortisol and cortisone was demonstrated in the cortisol immunoassays, which impacted their reliability in the follow-up of patients with hypercortisolism and significant changes in these cortisol metabolites (i.e., due to drug-induced changes in CYP3A4 activity). CONCLUSION A rapid and accurate routine LC-HRMS method was validated, which is useful for the evaluation of hypercortisolism and other disorders of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregori Casals
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.M.); (G.F.-V.); (M.M.-R.)
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Angielys Zamora
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Irene Martínez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.M.); (G.F.-V.); (M.M.-R.)
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Varo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.M.); (G.F.-V.); (M.M.-R.)
| | - Mireia Mora
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felicia A. Hanzu
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Morales-Ruiz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.M.); (G.F.-V.); (M.M.-R.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun LN, Shen Y, Yang YQ, Chen XL, Huang FR, Wang DJ, Zhang Y, Wang DW, Wang YQ. Simultaneous Determination of Cortisol and 6β-Hydroxycortisol in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:130-139. [PMID: 35589097 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of taking the ratio of 6β-hydroxycortisol (6β-OHCOR) to cortisol (COR) in plasma as a biomarker to reflect CYP3A4 activity needs to be verified, but the low concentration of 6β-OHCOR which is an endogenous substance in plasma presents a challenge for determination. In this study, a Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established to simultaneously quantify the COR and 6β-OHCOR in plasma with COR-d4 and 6β-OHCOR-d4 as internal standards (ISs). Plasma samples were treated by protein precipitation using acetonitrile. Separation with a gradient elution within 5 min was achieved on C18+ column utilizing 5 mM ammonium formate and methanol. An API 4,000 MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode with transitions of 407.1 → 361.1 and 423.1 → 347.1 was utilized. Albumin solution was used as a surrogate matrix, with good linearities over the concentration of 1.20-300 ng/mL for COR and 0.0400-10.0 ng/mL for 6β-OHCOR. The precisions for intrarun and interrun were < 6.8%, and the accuracy was fell in the interval of -5.2 to 3.5%. Matrix effect was not found. Recovery was close to 100.0%. Stability was confirmed under the storage and processing conditions. The validated method was applied to evaluate the inhibitory effect of voriconazole to CYP3A by the ratio of 6β-OHCOR to COR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ning Sun
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu-Qing Yang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiang-Long Chen
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Feng-Ru Huang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dun-Jian Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Yong-Qing Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Yan Z, Li X, Yin X, Li K. UPLC-TOF-MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Steroid Hormones in Tissue Homogenates of Zebrafish with Solid-Phase Extraction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206213. [PMID: 34684799 PMCID: PMC8539474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantification of steroid hormones of individual zebrafish (Danio rerio) provides perspective to understand endogenous hormone function. A UPLC–TOF–MS method was developed to provide a reproducible, sensitive, and efficient assay to determine the concentration of steroid hormones, including cortisol, testosterone, androstenedione, 11-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in whole-body homogenates of each zebrafish. Solid-phase extraction was used to sample matrix clean-up and acquired a recovery from 89.7% to 107.9%. The analytes were separated on an Aquity BEH C18 column using gradient elution. Mass spectrometric analysis was performed by single reaction monitoring (SRM) using positive electrospray ionization mode. The total running time was 6 min, which was greatly shortened compared with a previously reported method. The developed method exhibited excellent linearity for all the analytes, with regression coefficients higher than 0.99. The limit of detection varied between 0.1 and 0.5 ng/L and the limit of quantification was 0.5–1.7 ng/L for all analytes. The precision of the method was assessed on replicate measurements and was found to be in the ranges of 1.9 % to 6.6% and 4.3% to 8.6%, for intra- and inter-day analysis, respectively. This method was validated according to FDA guidance and applied to determine steroid hormone levels in the tissue homogenate of zebrafish acutely treated with caffeine and ethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Yan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiuli Yin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Ke Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-535-210-8286
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuzikov A, Masamrekh R, Shkel T, Strushkevich N, Gilep A, Usanov S, Archakov A, Shumyantseva V. Assessment of electrocatalytic hydroxylase activity of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) by means of derivatization of 6β-hydroxycortisol by sulfuric acid for fluorimetric assay. Talanta 2019; 196:231-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
5
|
Hirano R, Yokokawa A, Furuta T, Shibasaki H. Sensitive and simultaneous quantitation of 6β-hydroxycortisol and cortisol in human plasma by LC-MS/MS coupled with stable isotope dilution method. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:665-674. [PMID: 29766610 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CYP3A phenotyping provides a means for personalized drug therapy. We focused our attention on the plasma 6β-hydroxycortisol (6β-OHF) to cortisol ratio as an index for CYP3A phenotyping. In the present study, we developed a sensitive and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of 6β-OHF and cortisol in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry together with picolinylester derivatization or nonderivatization methods and 6β-[9,11,12,12-2 H4 ]hydroxycortisol and [1,2,4,19-13 C4 ]cortisol as internal standards for in vivo CYP3A phenotyping in humans. The lower limits of quantification were 38.513 pg/mL for 6β-OHF and 38.100 pg/mL for cortisol. The relative error and relative standard deviation of the lower limits of quantification were <5% for both methods. The intra-day and inter-day assay reproducibilities of the determined 6β-OHF and cortisol concentrations were consistent with the actual amounts added as relative errors and relative standard deviations for both methods, which were <5.4% and <3.9%, respectively. Both methods were applied for the quantification of plasma 6β-OHF and cortisol concentrations in healthy subjects taking oral contraceptives. The absolute concentrations and time course of 6β-OHF and cortisol were found to be consistent when measured using the 2 methods. The ratio as an index for in vivo CYP3A activity decreased after 21 days of taking oral contraceptives for both methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the detailed investigation of accuracy and precision in the simultaneous measurement of 6β-OHF and cortisol in human plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry coupled with stable isotope dilution method, which can be applied to CYP3A phenotyping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Hirano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akitomo Yokokawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Furuta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Shibasaki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lang LM, Linnet K. The Ratio of 6β-Hydroxycortisol to Cortisol in Urine as a Measure of Cytochrome P450 3A Activity in Postmortem Cases. J Forensic Sci 2014; 59:1036-40. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte M. Lang
- Section of Forensic Chemistry; Department of Forensic Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederik V's vej 11, 3 Copenhagen DK-2100 Denmark
| | - Kristian Linnet
- Section of Forensic Chemistry; Department of Forensic Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederik V's vej 11, 3 Copenhagen DK-2100 Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lang LM, Dalsgaard PW, Linnet K. Quantitative analysis of cortisol and 6β-hydroxycortisol in urine by fully automated SPE and ultra-performance LC coupled with electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (ESCi)-TOF-MS. J Sep Sci 2012; 36:246-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte M. Lang
- Section of Forensic Chemistry; Department of Forensic Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Petur W. Dalsgaard
- Section of Forensic Chemistry; Department of Forensic Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Kristian Linnet
- Section of Forensic Chemistry; Department of Forensic Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Noh YH, Lim HS, Jin SJ, Kim MJ, Kim YH, Sung HR, Choi HY, Bae KS. Effects of ketoconazole and rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor: a crossover drug-drug interaction study in healthy male Korean volunteers. Clin Ther 2012; 34:1182-94. [PMID: 22534255 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gemigliptin (LC15-0444) is a newly developed selective and competitive inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 and has potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Gemigliptin is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 isozyme to yield the active major metabolite LC15-0636. OBJECTIVE The effects of multiple oral doses of ketoconazole (a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor) and multiple oral doses of rifampicin (a potent CYP3A4 inducer) on the pharmacokinetic properties of a single oral dose of gemigliptin were evaluated in fasting healthy male Korean volunteers. METHODS In this open-label, 2-part, 3-treatment, 1-sequence, 2-period crossover drug-drug interaction study, 1 group of subjects received a single 50-mg oral dose of gemigliptin on 2 separate occasions-once as monotherapy and again after pretreatment with 400 mg of oral ketoconazole once daily for 7 days. The other group of subjects received a single 50-mg oral dose of gemigliptin on 2 separate occasions-once without pretreatment and again after pretreatment with 600 mg of oral rifampicin once daily for 10 days. Blood samples were obtained at 0 (predose), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after gemigliptin dosing. Plasma concentrations were determined using LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated via noncompartmental methods. Tolerability was assessed using measurements of vital signs, clinical chemistry tests, and interviews. RESULTS Twenty-four subjects were enrolled (12 per group). Concurrent administration of ketoconazole was associated with increased total gemigliptin plasma exposure (AUC(0-∞); 2.36-fold [90% CI, 2.19-2.54]) and decreased metabolism of gemigliptin until negligible concentrations of LC15-0636 were detected. Pretreatment with rifampicin was associated with decreased AUC(0-∞) of gemigliptin (by 80% [90% CI, 78%-82%]) and a 2.9-fold increase (mean [SD], 0.18 [0.08] to 0.52 [0.10]) in the metabolic ratio of gemigliptin to LC15-0636. The treatments were well-tolerated, with no severe adverse events reported. Six of the 24 subjects (25%) experienced AEs during the first period of gemigliptin monotherapy administration. Six of 12 subjects (50%) each experienced AEs during concurrent administration with ketoconazole and rifampicin. CONCLUSIONS In this select group of healthy male Korean volunteers, concurrent administration of gemigliptin with ketoconazole or rifampicin was associated with significantly increased or decreased systemic exposure to gemigliptin, respectively. These findings suggest that gemigliptin may require a dose adjustment when concurrently administered with drugs that alter CYP3A4 activity. Concurrent administration of gemigliptin with ketoconazole or rifampicin was well tolerated. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01426906.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yook-Hwan Noh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shibasaki H, Okamoto S, Inoue R, Okita M, Yokokawa A, Furuta T. Separation and quantitative determination of 6α-hydroxycortisol and 6β-hydroxycortisol in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorption detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:2945-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Lee HS, Shin HS, Park SR, Park CJ. Measurement of Cortisol in Human Serum by Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and a Comparison through a Proficiency Testing. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.5.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Lutz U, Bittner N, Ufer M, Lutz WK. Quantification of cortisol and 6 beta-hydroxycortisol in human urine by LC-MS/MS, and gender-specific evaluation of the metabolic ratio as biomarker of CYP3A activity. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:97-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Walker DK, Davis J, Houle C, Gardner IB, Webster R. Species differences in the multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) UK-453,061 in animals and man: implications for safety considerations. Xenobiotica 2009; 39:534-43. [DOI: 10.1080/00498250902903079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
13
|
Heinig K, Wirz T, Bucheli F. Determination of Glucocorticoids in Animal Plasma, Urine and Tissues by Column-Switching LC–Tandem-MS. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
14
|
Leonard SW, Joss JD, Mustacich DJ, Blatt DH, Lee YS, Traber MG. Effects of vitamin E on cholesterol levels of hypercholesterolemic patients receiving statins. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2007; 64:2257-66. [DOI: 10.2146/ajhp070041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Scott W. Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis
| | - Jacqueline D. Joss
- Good Samaritan. Regional Medical Center, Samaritan Health Services (SHS), Corvallis
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Widmer N, Decosterd LA, Csajka C, Leyvraz S, Duchosal MA, Rosselet A, Rochat B, Eap CB, Henry H, Biollaz J, Buclin T. Population pharmacokinetics of imatinib and the role of alpha-acid glycoprotein. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007. [PMID: 16842382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02719.x;] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this observational study were to assess the variability in imatinib pharmacokinetics and to explore the relationship between its disposition and various biological covariates, especially plasma alpha1-acid glycoprotein concentrations. METHODS A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using NONMEM based on 321 plasma samples from 59 patients with either chronic myeloid leukaemia or gastrointestinal stromal tumours. The influence of covariates on oral clearance and volume of distribution was examined. Furthermore, the in vivo intracellular pharmacokinetics of imatinib was explored in five patients. RESULTS A one-compartment model with first-order absorption appropriately described the data, giving a mean (+/-SEM) oral clearance of 14.3 l h-1 (+/-1.0) and a volume of distribution of 347 l (+/-62). Oral clearance was influenced by body weight, age, sex and disease diagnosis. A large proportion of the interindividual variability (36% of clearance and 63% of volume of distribution) remained unexplained by these demographic covariates. Plasma alpha1-acid glycoprotein concentrations had a marked influence on total imatinib concentrations. Moreover, we observed an intra/extracellular ratio of 8, suggesting substantial uptake of the drug into the target cells. CONCLUSION Because of the high pharmacokinetic variability of imatinib and the reported relationships between its plasma concentration and efficacy and toxicity, the usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring as an aid to optimizing therapy should be further investigated. Ideally, such an approach should take account of either circulating alpha1-acid glycoprotein concentrations or free imatinib concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Widmer
- Division of ClinicAl Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Widmer N, Decosterd LA, Csajka C, Leyvraz S, Duchosal MA, Rosselet A, Rochat B, Eap CB, Henry H, Biollaz J, Buclin T. Population pharmacokinetics of imatinib and the role of alpha-acid glycoprotein. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 62:97-112. [PMID: 16842382 PMCID: PMC1885072 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this observational study were to assess the variability in imatinib pharmacokinetics and to explore the relationship between its disposition and various biological covariates, especially plasma alpha1-acid glycoprotein concentrations. METHODS A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using NONMEM based on 321 plasma samples from 59 patients with either chronic myeloid leukaemia or gastrointestinal stromal tumours. The influence of covariates on oral clearance and volume of distribution was examined. Furthermore, the in vivo intracellular pharmacokinetics of imatinib was explored in five patients. RESULTS A one-compartment model with first-order absorption appropriately described the data, giving a mean (+/-SEM) oral clearance of 14.3 l h-1 (+/-1.0) and a volume of distribution of 347 l (+/-62). Oral clearance was influenced by body weight, age, sex and disease diagnosis. A large proportion of the interindividual variability (36% of clearance and 63% of volume of distribution) remained unexplained by these demographic covariates. Plasma alpha1-acid glycoprotein concentrations had a marked influence on total imatinib concentrations. Moreover, we observed an intra/extracellular ratio of 8, suggesting substantial uptake of the drug into the target cells. CONCLUSION Because of the high pharmacokinetic variability of imatinib and the reported relationships between its plasma concentration and efficacy and toxicity, the usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring as an aid to optimizing therapy should be further investigated. Ideally, such an approach should take account of either circulating alpha1-acid glycoprotein concentrations or free imatinib concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Widmer
- Division of ClinicAl Pharmacology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Y, Wu HL, Ding YJ, Xia AL, Cui H, Yu RQ. Simultaneous determination of cortisol and prednisolone in body fluids by using HPLC–DAD coupled with second-order calibration based on alternating trilinear decomposition. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 840:116-23. [PMID: 16714156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2005] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for simultaneous determination of cortisol and prednisolone in body fluids has been developed in this paper. Three-way data recorded by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) have been analyzed by second-order calibration based on the alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm. The chemometric methodology selected exploits the second-order advantage of the three-way data arrays, which allows one to obtain concentrations of individual calibrated analytes even in the presence of interferences not present in the calibration samples (e.g. background in urine or plasma). It was applied to simultaneous determination of cortisol and prednisolone in both plasma and urine samples. Though the chromatographic and spectral peaks of the analytes were heavily overlapped and interferents coeluted with the compounds studied, good recoveries of the analytes could be obtained with HPLC-DAD coupled with second-order calibration based on ATLD. Sample preparation was based on solvent extraction (SE), and quantification can be carried out with simple mobile phase. The time required for the quantification process is shorter than other methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Soldin OP, Guo T, Weiderpass E, Tractenberg RE, Hilakivi-Clarke L, Soldin SJ. Steroid hormone levels in pregnancy and 1 year postpartum using isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Fertil Steril 2005; 84:701-10. [PMID: 16169406 PMCID: PMC3640374 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2004] [Revised: 02/22/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish normal, trimester-specific reference intervals for serum 17beta-estradiol, progesterone (P), 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, androstenedione, DHEA, and DHEAS, measured simultaneously using isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. DESIGN Sequential cohort study. PATIENT(S) Healthy women undergoing a normal pregnancy (age, 25-38 years; mean, 30 years) attending a prenatal well clinic at gestation weeks 12, 22, and 32 and approximately 1 year postpartum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Trimester-specific reference intervals of endogenous steroid hormones analyzed using an isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an atmospheric pressure photoionization source with deuterium-labeled internal standards. RESULT(S) Serum estradiol, P, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, and 11-deoxycortisol increased throughout pregnancy; cortisol increased up to the second trimester and then remained steady, while androstenedione increased by 80 percent by gestation week 12, then remained constant. Serum DHEA-S decreased by 50% by the third trimester. CONCLUSION(S) Trimester-specific reference intervals are reported for eight serum steroids. The ratios of individual serum hormone concentrations during pregnancy relative to their 1-year postpartum concentrations illustrate the expected normal trends of changes in hormone concentrations during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Offie P Soldin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057-1465, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dhar P. Measuring tobacco smoke exposure: quantifying nicotine/cotinine concentration in biological samples by colorimetry, chromatography and immunoassay methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 35:155-68. [PMID: 15030890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2003] [Accepted: 01/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Procedures to assess tobacco smoke exposure are reviewed and biomarkers used for determining the smoking status of an individual are compared. Methods used to extract these biomarkers from saliva, urine, and blood and the advantages and disadvantages of the assays are discussed. Finally, the procedures used to measure the levels of cortisol, a stress hormone speculated to be linked to nicotine metabolism, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Dhar
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Holst JP, Soldin OP, Guo T, Soldin SJ. Steroid hormones: relevance and measurement in the clinical laboratory. Clin Lab Med 2004; 24:105-18. [PMID: 15157559 PMCID: PMC3636985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2004.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are synthesized in the adrenal cortex, the gonads, and the placenta; are all derived from cholesterol and many are of clinical importance. This article addresses the relevance and methods of measurement of steroid hormones in the clinical laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P. Holst
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Georgetown University, 4000 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Offie P. Soldin
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, Lombardy Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington DC 20007, USA
| | - Tiedong Guo
- Bioanalytical Core Laboratory, Georgetown Clinical Research Center, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Steven J. Soldin
- Bioanalytical Core Laboratory, Georgetown Clinical Research Center, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington DC, 20007, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Georgetown University, 4000 Resevoir Road, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Childrens National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20010. (S.J. Soldin)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo T, Chan M, Soldin SJ. Steroid profiles using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure photoionization source. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2004; 128:469-75. [PMID: 15043485 DOI: 10.5858/2004-128-469-spulcm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiedong Guo
- Bioanalytical Core Laboratory, Georgetown University and Georgetown Clinical Research Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Furuta T, Mori C, Suzuki A, Shibasaki H, Yokokawa A, Kasuya Y. Simultaneous determination of 6β-hydroxycortisol and cortisol in human urine by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection for phenotyping the CYP3A activity determined by the cortisol 6β-hydroxylation clearance. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 801:165-71. [PMID: 14751784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of 6beta-hydroxycortisol (6beta-OHF) and cortisol in human urine using either methylprednisolone or beclomethasone as internal standard. Separation was achieved on a reversed-phase phenyl column by a gradient elution of 0.05 M KH(2)PO(4)-0.01 M CH(3)COOH (pH 3.77) and 0.05 M KH(2)PO(4)-0.01 M CH(3)COOH with acetonitrile (4:6, v/v). 6beta-Hydroxycortisol and cortisol were monitored by UV absorption at 239 nm. The lower quantitation limits of the present HPLC method were 21.5 ng/ml for 6beta-OHF and 5.0 ng/ml for cortisol in urine. The within-day reproducibilities in the amounts of 6beta-OHF and cortisol determined were in good agreement with the actual amounts added, the relative error being less than 1.59%. The inter-assay precisions (R.S.D. values) were less than 7.91% for 6beta-OHF and cortisol. The method was compared with the GC/MS method by measuring 6beta-OHF in the same urine samples. A good correlation was found between the amounts determined by the two methods. The regression equations for the HPLC (y) and GC/MS (x) methods were: y=1.0701x+17.389 (r=0.9772) for methylprednisolone as internal standard and y=1.0827x+6.1364 (r=0.9794) for beclomethasone as internal standard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Furuta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tai SSC, Welch MJ. Development and Evaluation of a Candidate Reference Method for the Determination of Total Cortisol in Human Serum Using Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2004; 76:1008-14. [PMID: 14961732 DOI: 10.1021/ac034966f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol is an important diagnostic marker for the production of steroid hormones, and accurate measurements of serum cortisol are necessary for proper diagnosis of adrenal function. A candidate reference method involving isotope dilution coupled with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) has been developed and critically evaluated. An isotopically labeled internal standard, cortisol-d(3), was added to serum, followed by equilibration and solid-phase and ethyl acetate extractions to prepare samples for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry electrospray ionization (LC/MS-ESI) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry electrospray ionization (LC/MS/MS-ESI) analyses. (M + H)(+) ions at m/z 363 and 366 for cortisol and its labeled internal standard were monitored for LC/MS. The transitions of (M + H)(+) --> [(M + H)(+) - 2H(2)O] at m/z 363 --> 327 and 366 --> 330 were monitored for LC/MS/MS. The accuracy of the measurement was evaluated by a comparison of results of this candidate reference method on lyophilized human serum reference materials for cortisol [Certified Reference Materials 192 and 193] with the certified values determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry reference methods and by a recovery study for the added cortisol. The results of this method for total cortisol agreed with the certified values within 1.1%. The recovery of the added cortisol ranged from 99.8% to 101.0%. This method was applied to the determination of cortisol in samples of frozen serum pools. Excellent precision was obtained with within-set CVs of 0.3%-1.5% and between-set CVs of 0.04%-0.4% for both LC/MS and LC/MS/MS analyses. The correlation coefficients of all linear regression lines ranged from 0.998 to 1.000. The detection limits (at a signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 3-5) were 10 and 15 pg for LC/MS and LC/MS/MS, respectively. This method, which demonstrates good accuracy and precision, and is free from interferences from structural analogues, qualifies as a candidate reference method and can be used as an alternative reference method to provide an accuracy base to which the routine methods can be compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan S-C Tai
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rouits E, Boisdron-Celle M, Morel A, Gamelin E. Simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of urinary free cortisol and 6beta-hydroxycortisol in routine practice. For CYP 3A4 activity evaluation in basal conditions and after grapefruit juice intake. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 793:357-66. [PMID: 12906911 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome p450 3A4 activity displays a wide variability. The urinary 6beta-hydroxycortisol to cortisol ratio, as a non-invasive assay, can be useful for its pretherapeutic characterization. We developed an HPLC-UV method preceded by liquid-liquid extraction for assessment of this ratio in clinical practice. Urine was collected on second void morning-spot sample. Percentage recoveries were high and reproducible. The 6beta-hydroxycortisol to cortisol ratio ranged from 1.6 to 9.9 in 12 Caucasian healthy volunteers. It was reduced by 30 to 70% after ingestion of white grapefruit juice, a CYP3A4 inhibitor. Our method, simple, sensitive and accurate, could be helpful for determination of CYP 3A4 activity before oral chemotherapy, or for the monitoring of the use of grapefruit juice as a pharmacological modulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Rouits
- Laboratoire d'Oncopharmacologie INSERM U564, CRLCC Paul Papin, 2 rue Moll, 49100 Angers, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jönsson BAG, Malmberg B, Amilon A, Helene Garde A, Orbaek P. Determination of cortisol in human saliva using liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 784:63-8. [PMID: 12504183 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a method for determination of cortisol in saliva by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Saliva was sampled on Salivette tubes. These were centrifuged, deuterium-labeled cortisol was added as internal standard and the proteins precipitated by acetonitrile. The supernatant was evaporated, dissolved in methanol acidified with acetic acid and analyzed by LC-MS-MS. The with-in run precision, tested by pooling saliva samples from volunteers and then analyzing these in a single run, was found to be 7% at 0.7 microgram l(-1). The between-run precision was tested by analysis of the same samples at different days and found to be 11% at 2.5 microgram l(-1). The limit of quantification was 0.5 microgram l(-1). The method was applied for analysis of saliva samples from three volunteers during their last week before vacation and the first and second week on vacation. In addition, the method was compared to analysis by an immunological method. The values from the immunological method were 2.7 times higher than the LC-MS-MS results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo A G Jönsson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, S-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Uejima E, Takahashi K, Morisaki T, Takahashi K, Ohno M, Nishida Y, Moriya M, Kaido M, Abe K, Sakoda S, Yanagihara T, Kurokawa N, Azuma J. Microsomal enzyme induction and clinical aggravation of porphyria: the evaluation of human urinary 6beta-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio as the index of hepatic CYP3A4 activity. J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 42:1374-9. [PMID: 12463733 DOI: 10.1177/0091270002042012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The clinical aspect of porphyria has been investigated, and it is well known that porphyrinogens such as estrogens and alcohol or other inducers of P450 isoenzymes exacerbate the porphyric state. However, there can be a delay in diagnosing porphyria and a difficulty in selecting safe medicine for it even today. A 21-year-old woman developed epilepsy, disturbance of mental state, and spastic tetraparesis during the convalescent period after acute viral encephalitis. She was diagnosed with porphyria after the fifth hospitalization. In the course of modifying her anticonvulsant regimen, the authors examined the 6beta-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio (6beta-OHF/F) in her urine, which can be the index of hepatic CYP3A4 activity, with electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS). Generalized and partial complex seizures, other neurological signs and symptoms, and laboratory data were improved after modification of her anticonvulsant regimen. This is the first report of evaluating the urinary 6beta-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio in a case of porphyria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Uejima
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Luceri F, Fattori S, Luceri C, Zorn M, Mannaioni P, Messeri G. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry measurement of 6beta-OH-cortisol/cortisol ratio in human urine: a specific marker of enzymatic induction. Clin Chem Lab Med 2001; 39:1234-9. [PMID: 11798083 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2001.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The urinary 6beta-OH-cortisol/cortisol ratio is a specific, non-invasive marker for evaluating inductive or inhibitory effects on cytochrome P450 3A activity. We propose a new quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with isotope dilution (GC-ID-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of urinary free cortisol (UFC) and 6beta-OH-cortisol (6beta-OHC). The method utilizes the following: (a) addition of internal standard (2H2 cortisol) to 1 ml of urine; (b) loading on to an Extrelut column and elution with dichloromethane; (c) derivatization to dimethoxime tri-(trimethyl-silyl)ether (MOX-TMS); (d) separation and identification by GC-ID-MS. The detection limit for cortisol was 22 pg injected (signal-to-noise ratio 10:1) and for 6beta-OH-cortisol 123 pg injected (signal-to-noise ratio 10:1). The intra-assay and the inter-assay imprecision were 4.69% and 7.4% for 6beta-OHC and 2.44% and 3.53% for cortisol, respectively. We used this method to analyze 57 morning urine samples of healthy volunteers and patients under different conditions. We found that chronic alcoholics had a significantly higher ratio of 6beta-OHC/UFC compared to controls (p<0.0001), whereas adults undergoing methadone therapy and patients with acute alcohol intoxication exhibited a significantly lower urinary 6beta-OHC/UFC ratio (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). The proposed method allows a rapid and accurate assessment of the 6beta-OHC/UFC ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Luceri
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, Firenze, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shimada K, Mitamura K, Higashi T. Gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography of natural steroids. J Chromatogr A 2001; 935:141-72. [PMID: 11762773 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review article underlines the importance of gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and their hyphenated techniques using mass spectrometry (MS) for the determination of natural steroids, especially in human biological fluids. Steroids are divided into eight categories based on their structures and functions, and recent references using the above methodologies for the analysis of these steroids are cited. GC and GC-MS are commonly used for the determination of volatile steroids. Although HPLC is a widely used analytical method for the determination of steroids including the conjugated type in biological fluids, LC-MS is considered to be the most promising one for this purpose because of its sensitivity, specificity and versatility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Shimada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:107-118. [PMID: 11180652 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9888(200101)36:1<107::aid-jms88>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|