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Nayak RR, Orellana DA. The impact of the human gut microbiome on the treatment of autoimmune disease. Immunol Rev 2024; 325:107-130. [PMID: 38864582 PMCID: PMC11338731 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune (or rheumatic) diseases are increasing in prevalence but selecting the best therapy for each patient proceeds in trial-and-error fashion. This strategy can lead to ineffective therapy resulting in irreversible damage and suffering; thus, there is a need to bring the promise of precision medicine to patients with autoimmune disease. While host factors partially determine the therapeutic response to immunosuppressive drugs, these are not routinely used to tailor therapy. Thus, non-host factors likely contribute. Here, we consider the impact of the human gut microbiome in the treatment of autoimmunity. We propose that the gut microbiome can be manipulated to improve therapy and to derive greater benefit from existing therapies. We focus on the mechanisms by which the human gut microbiome impacts treatment response, provide a framework to interrogate these mechanisms, review a case study of a widely-used anti-rheumatic drug, and discuss challenges with studying multiple complex systems: the microbiome, the human immune system, and autoimmune disease. We consider open questions that remain in the field and speculate on the future of drug-microbiome-autoimmune disease interactions. Finally, we present a blue-sky vision for how the microbiome can be used to bring the promise of precision medicine to patients with rheumatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka R Nayak
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Diego A Orellana
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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2
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Ali GF, Hassanein EHM, Mohamed WR. Molecular mechanisms underlying methotrexate-induced intestinal injury and protective strategies. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03164-x. [PMID: 38822868 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid reductase inhibitor that manages various malignancies as well as immune-mediated inflammatory chronic diseases. Despite being frequently prescribed, MTX's severe multiple toxicities can occasionally limit its therapeutic potential. Intestinal toxicity is a severe adverse effect associated with the administration of MTX, and patients are significantly burdened by MTX-provoked intestinal mucositis. However, the mechanism of such intestinal toxicity is not entirely understood, mechanistic studies demonstrated oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions as key factors that lead to the development of MTX-induced intestinal injury. Besides, MTX causes intestinal cells to express pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which activate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). This is followed by the activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of the transcription3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling pathway. Moreover, because of its dual anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) has been considered a critical signaling pathway that counteracts oxidative stress in MTX-induced intestinal injury. Several agents have potential protective effects in counteracting MTX-provoked intestinal injury such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, taurine, umbelliferone, vinpocetine, perindopril, rutin, hesperidin, lycopene, quercetin, apocynin, lactobacillus, berberine, zinc, and nifuroxazide. This review aims to summarize the potential redox molecular mechanisms of MTX-induced intestinal injury and how they can be alleviated. In conclusion, studying these molecular pathways might open the way for early alleviation of the intestinal damage and the development of various agent plans to attenuate MTX-mediated intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber F Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut Branch, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62514, Egypt.
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Opitz P, Fobker M, Fabian J, Hempel G. Development and validation of a bioanalytical method for the quantification of methotrexate from serum and capillary blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) and on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) LC-MS. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464610. [PMID: 38157584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
High-dose methotrexate is part of the polychemotherapy protocols for the treatment of Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to adjust leucovorin rescue. An immunoassay is commonly used to analyse serum samples collected via venous blood sampling. However, immunoassays cannot distinguish between the parent drug and its metabolites. Besides, the blood volume required by venous blood sampling is high. Therefore, the aim of this project was to develop a fast, simple, reliable and cost-efficient micro sampling bioanalytical method using capillary blood to minimize the harm of children and to analyse both methotrexate and its metabolites. To achieve this aim, a LC-MS method with on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) for the simultaneous detection of methotrexate and its metabolites from capillary blood using volumetric-absorptive-microsampling (VAMS) technology was developed and fully validated. Besides, the method was also validated and modified for serum samples to compare the results with the immunoassay. A single-quadrupole MS detector was used for detection. Through the use of on-line SPE technology, a lower limit of quantitation of 0.03 µM for MTX and 7-OH-MTX and of 0.05 µM for DAMPA from a 10 μL capillary blood sample was achieved. The accuracy is between 90.0 and 104% and the precision between 4.7 and 12% for methotrexate and its metabolites, respectively. Because of the cross reactivity of the immunoassay a cross-validation was not successful. Besides, a correlation factor of 0.46 for MTX between plasma and whole-blood was found. A fast, simple, reliable and cost-efficient extraction and analysis LC-MS method could be developed and validated, which is applicable in ambulatory and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Opitz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Clinical Pharmacy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Manfred Fobker
- University Hospital Münster - Central facility laboratory, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jörg Fabian
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Clinical Pharmacy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Hempel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Clinical Pharmacy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
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Engel A, Ruhe L, Singh N, Wright JA, Liesch F, Bauland F, Ostermann AI, Sumalowitsch T, Schweinsberg VJT, Geistanger A, Hegel JK, Geletneky C, Taibon J. An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for the quantification of methotrexate in human serum and plasma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1917-1929. [PMID: 36788118 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop an isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-(ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for quantification of methotrexate in human serum and plasma. METHODS Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) was used to determine absolute methotrexate content in the standard. Separation was achieved on a biphenyl reversed-phase analytical column with mobile phases based on water and acetonitrile, both containing 0.1% formic acid. Sample preparation included protein precipitation in combination with high sample dilution, and method validation according to current guidelines. The following were assessed: selectivity (using analyte-spiked samples, and relevant structural-related compounds and interferences); specificity and matrix effects (via post-column infusion and comparison of human matrix vs. neat samples); precision and accuracy (in a five-day validation analysis). RMP results were compared between two independent laboratories. Measurement uncertainty was evaluated according to current guidelines. RESULTS The RMP separated methotrexate from potentially interfering compounds and enabled measurement over a calibration range of 7.200-5,700 ng/mL (0.01584-12.54 μmol/L), with no evidence of matrix effects. All pre-defined acceptance criteria were met; intermediate precision was ≤4.3% and repeatability 1.5-2.1% for all analyte concentrations. Bias was -3.0 to 2.1% for samples within the measuring range and 0.8-4.5% for diluted samples, independent of the sample matrix. RMP results equivalence was demonstrated between two independent laboratories (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.997). Expanded measurement uncertainty of target value-assigned samples was ≤3.4%. CONCLUSIONS This ID-LC-MS/MS-based approach provides a candidate RMP for methotrexate quantification. Traceability of methotrexate standard and the LC-MS/MS platform were assured by qNMR assessment and extensive method validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Engel
- Department of Studies, Collaborations and Innovation Management, Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes Services GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Ruhe
- Department of Studies, Collaborations and Innovation Management, Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes Services GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Annika I Ostermann
- Department of Studies, Collaborations and Innovation Management, Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes Services GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Sumalowitsch
- Department of Studies, Collaborations and Innovation Management, Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes Services GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent J T Schweinsberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Toxicology, Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Kolja Hegel
- Department of Studies, Collaborations and Innovation Management, Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes Services GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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Moradi S, Najjar R, Hamishehkar H, Lotfi A. Triple-responsive drug nanocarrier: Magnetic core-shell nanoparticles of Fe3O4@poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted-chitosan, synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation against human lung and breast cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Golsanamlou Z, Kholafazad-Kordasht H, Soleymani J, Jouyban A. Quantification of methotrexate in plasma samples using highly fluorescent nanoparticles. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 214:114716. [PMID: 35390574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel amine-functionalized silica carbon polymer dots (APTES-CPDs)-based sensor was developed for methotrexate (MTX) detection. APTES-CPDs core-shell structure was synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal process and were employed as an optical sensor for MTX determination due to quenching effect of MTX on the fluorescence intensity of CPDs. Under optimum conditions, the developed sensor detects MTX in plasma samples in the dual linear ranges of 10 ng/mL to 2.0 µg/mL and 2.0 µg/mL to 50 μg/mL with a low limit of detections (LLOD)) of 10 ng/mL and 2.0 µg/mL, respectively. The obtained results are demonstrated the accuracy of the designed nanoprobe which is as high as to be used for the MTX detection in the routine therapeutic drug monitoring. In addition, the established nanoprobe shows significant specificity towards MTX compared to the co-administered drugs. Other advantages of this nanoprobe are its simple approach, high selectivity and sensitivity for MTX determination in plasma media which can approve the applicability of this MTX nanosensor in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Golsanamlou
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Jafar Soleymani
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of pharmacy, Near East University, Mersin 10, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey
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Espinosa A, Nélieu S, Lieben P, Skarbek C, Labruère R, Benoit P. Photodegradation of methotrexate in aqueous solution: degradation kinetics and identification of transformation products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:6060-6071. [PMID: 34431057 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate is an antineoplastic folate analog of high environmental concern, due to its low biodegradability and toxicological properties. This study focused on its photodegradation under two irradiation conditions, aiming to be representative of environment (300-450 nm) and drinking water treatment (254 nm). The photodegradation experiments were conducted at two pH, to vary the methotrexate ionization state and to produce a large variety of transformation products (TPs). The degradation kinetics determined through LC-UV monitoring were contrasted according to pH and irradiation wavelength. However, the quantum yields were independent of ionization state at 254 nm and the changes in kinetics at higher wavelengths were attributed to a change in the degradation mechanism. The TPs formed during the reactions were identified by UHPLC-MS/MS, using both the positive and negative modes. Among the eleven proposed structures, five were described as methotrexate TPs for the first time. The TPs result from N-demethylation, glutamic acid oxidation, and C-N cleavage, all of them leading to further degraded photoproducts presenting modified or lost glutamic acid part. This was made possible thanks to the negative mode, which allowed the exploration of the glutamic acid moiety modifications. Cytotoxicity assessment on A549 cancer cells demonstrated that all photoproducts formed at pH 7 were less toxic than the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Espinosa
- AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Sylvie Nélieu
- AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | - Pascale Lieben
- AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Charles Skarbek
- Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Raphaël Labruère
- Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Pierre Benoit
- AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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8
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Soft threshold partial least squares predicts the survival fraction of malignant glioma cells against different concentrations of methotrexate's derivatives. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18741. [PMID: 34548518 PMCID: PMC8455530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy appeared to be a significant advancement in cancer research, with fewer side effects. Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used anticancer drug with strong activity but serious side effects. Several MTX derivatives have been reported, with modifications at various sites to reduce side effects and increase efficacy. The current study uses FTIR spectroscopy to predict the survival fraction of human malignant glioma U87 (MG-U87) cell lines against MTX derivatives. Together with Parent MTX several aldehydes viz. Benzaldehyde, Chlorobenzaldehyde, 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde, 3-Nitrobenzaldehyde, 5-Chloro-2-hydroxybenz-aldehyde, 2-Hydroxy-5-Nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-Thiocarboxyaldehyde, Trans-2-pentenal, and Glutaraldehyde are treated with MTX to obtain MTX derivatives. The prediction of survival fraction of malignant glioma cells is carried out by Lasso, Elastic net and Soft PLS at different concentration levels of synthesized derivatives, including 400 μM, 200 μM, 100 μM, 50 μM, 25 μM and 12.5 μM. The cross-validated prediction error is minimised to optimise spectral wavelength selection and model parameters. It appears that the RMSE computed from test data is significantly varying with the change of models (p = 0.012), with the change of concentrations levels (p \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\le 0.001$$\end{document}≤0.001). StPLS outperforms in predicting survival fraction of glioma cells at the concentration level 50 μM, 100 μM and 400 μM respectively with relative RMSE = 0.1,0.14 and 0.55. Lasso outperforms at the concentration level 12.5 μM, and 200 μM respectively with relative RMSE = 0.4 and 0.14. Elastic net outperforms at the concentration level 25 μM with relative RMSE = 0.8. Consistently appeared influential wavelength identifies the influential functional compounds which best predicts the survival fraction. Hence FTIR appears potential candidate for estimating survival fraction of MTX derivatives.
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Yang X, Tang Y, Wang M, Wang Y, Wang W, Pang M, Xu Y. Co-delivery of methotrexate and nicotinamide by cerosomes for topical psoriasis treatment with enhanced efficacy. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120826. [PMID: 34171426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disorder that affects populations worldwide. Methotrexate (MTX) is a cytotoxic drug with powerful anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects that has gained prominence in treating inflammatory diseases including psoriasis. However, low solubility and side effects through oral administration hinder its systemic application. In this study, we developed a novel niosomes based on ceramide (cerosomes) to co-deliver MTX and nicotinamide (NIC), i.e., MTX/NIC cerosomes, for topically treating psoriasis with the aim to enhancing the efficacy and reducing the toxicity. NIC significantly solublized MTX by forming hydrogen bonds with MTX. In vitro and in vivo permeation studies showed that the cerosomes significantly promoted drug permeation through and retention in the skin, and the enhancing mechanism was clarified by Fourier transform infraredand Raman spectroscopy. MTX/NIC cerosomes exhibited strong anti-proliferation effect on lipopolysaccharide- irritated HaCaT cells by arresting the cell cycle at S phase and inducing apoptosis. Importantly, compared to MTX oral administration, topical application of MTX/NIC cerosomes on imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic mouse model exhibited a superior performance in ameliorating skin lesions, reducing spleen index and epidermal thickness, and downregulating the mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL-23, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-22. Taken together, MTX/NIC cerosomes is a promising approach for psoriasis topical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujia Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meilu Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuehong Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Sritawan N, Prajit R, Chaisawang P, Sirichoat A, Pannangrong W, Wigmore P, Welbat JU. Metformin alleviates memory and hippocampal neurogenesis decline induced by methotrexate chemotherapy in a rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110651. [PMID: 32841896 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic drug commonly used to treat cancers that has an adverse effect on patients' cognition. Metformin is a primary treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus that can pass through the blood-brain barrier. Metformin has neuroprotective actions, which can improve memory. In the present study, we examined the ability of metformin in MTX chemotherapy-generated cognitive and hippocampal neurogenesis alterations. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into control, MTX, metformin, preventive, and throughout groups. MTX (75 mg/kg/day) was given intravenously on days 7 and 14 of the study. Metformin (200 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally for 14 days. Some of the MTX-treated rats received co-treatment with metformin once a day for either 14 (preventive) or 28 days (throughout). After treatment, memory ability was evaluated using novel object location and novel object recognition tests. Ki67 (proliferating cells), BrdU (survival cells), and doublecortin (immature neurons, DCX) positive cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus were quantified. We found that reductions of cognition, the number of proliferating and survival cells and immature neurons in the SGZ were ameliorated in the co-treatment groups, which suggests that metformin can prevent memory and hippocampal neurogenesis impairments induced by MTX in adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataya Sritawan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Ram Prajit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Pornthip Chaisawang
- Faculty of Medical Science, Nakhonratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Apiwat Sirichoat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Wanassanan Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Peter Wigmore
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neuroscience Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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11
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The role of stabilizers and mechanical processes on physico-chemical and anti-inflammatory properties of methotrexate nanosuspensions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Jahed FS, Hamidi S, Galehassadi M. Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction for Sensitive Determination of Methotrexate from Human Saliva Followed by Spectrophotometric Method. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1531-1538. [PMID: 32592345 PMCID: PMC7568869 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.6.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For biological assessing of hospital personnel occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs, highly sensitive and accurate methods are required. Methotrexate (MTX) is an anticancer agent that is widely used in a variety of human cancers. For the first time, dispersive-micro solid phase extraction (D-µ-SPE) has been applied for determination of low levels of MTX in saliva samples. The method is based on rapid extraction of MTX using graphene oxide adsorbent. The sample preparation time is decreased by the fact that the adsorbent dispersed in the sample solution and extraction equilibrium can be reached very fast. This significant feature which obtained with this method is of key interest for routine trace laboratory analysis. The influence of different variables on D-µ-SPE was investigated. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear over the range of 10-1000 ng/ml. The relative standard deviations are better than 9.0%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of MTX in patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Soghra Jahed
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samin Hamidi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Galehassadi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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13
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Rudnik LAC, Farago PV, Manfron Budel J, Lyra A, Barboza FM, Klein T, Kanunfre CC, Nadal JM, Bandéca MC, Raman V, Novatski A, Loguércio AD, Zanin SMW. Co-Loaded Curcumin and Methotrexate Nanocapsules Enhance Cytotoxicity against Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081913. [PMID: 32326159 PMCID: PMC7221560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As part of the efforts to find natural alternatives for cancer treatment and to overcome the barriers of cellular resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, polymeric nanocapsules containing curcumin and/or methotrexate were prepared by an interfacial deposition of preformed polymer method. Methods: Physicochemical properties, drug release experiments and in vitro cytotoxicity of these nanocapsules were performed against the Calu-3 lung cancer cell line. Results: The colloidal suspensions of nanocapsules showed suitable size (287 to 325 nm), negative charge (-33 to -41 mV) and high encapsulation efficiency (82.4 to 99.4%). Spherical particles at nanoscale dimensions were observed by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that nanocapsules exhibited a non-crystalline pattern with a remarkable decrease of crystalline peaks of the raw materials. Fourier-transform infrared spectra demonstrated no chemical bond between the drug(s) and polymers. Drug release experiments evidenced a controlled release pattern with no burst effect for nanocapsules containing curcumin and/or methotrexate. The nanoformulation containing curcumin and methotrexate (NCUR/MTX-2) statistically decreased the cell viability of Calu-3. The fluorescence and morphological analyses presented a predominance of early apoptosis and late apoptosis as the main death mechanisms for Calu-3. Conclusions: Curcumin and methotrexate co-loaded nanocapsules can be further used as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loanda Aparecida Cabral Rudnik
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil; (L.A.C.R.); (P.V.F.); (A.L.); (F.M.B.); (T.K.); (J.M.N.); (A.N.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Paulo Vitor Farago
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil; (L.A.C.R.); (P.V.F.); (A.L.); (F.M.B.); (T.K.); (J.M.N.); (A.N.); (A.D.L.)
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, 81020-430 Curitiba, Brazil;
| | - Jane Manfron Budel
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil; (L.A.C.R.); (P.V.F.); (A.L.); (F.M.B.); (T.K.); (J.M.N.); (A.N.); (A.D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-42-3220-3124
| | - Amanda Lyra
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil; (L.A.C.R.); (P.V.F.); (A.L.); (F.M.B.); (T.K.); (J.M.N.); (A.N.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Fernanda Malaquias Barboza
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil; (L.A.C.R.); (P.V.F.); (A.L.); (F.M.B.); (T.K.); (J.M.N.); (A.N.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Traudi Klein
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil; (L.A.C.R.); (P.V.F.); (A.L.); (F.M.B.); (T.K.); (J.M.N.); (A.N.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Carla Cristine Kanunfre
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Science, Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil;
| | - Jessica Mendes Nadal
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil; (L.A.C.R.); (P.V.F.); (A.L.); (F.M.B.); (T.K.); (J.M.N.); (A.N.); (A.D.L.)
| | | | - Vijayasankar Raman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Andressa Novatski
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil; (L.A.C.R.); (P.V.F.); (A.L.); (F.M.B.); (T.K.); (J.M.N.); (A.N.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Alessandro Dourado Loguércio
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil; (L.A.C.R.); (P.V.F.); (A.L.); (F.M.B.); (T.K.); (J.M.N.); (A.N.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Sandra Maria Warumby Zanin
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, 81020-430 Curitiba, Brazil;
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Karami F, Ranjbar S, Ghasemi Y, Negahdaripour M. Analytical methodologies for determination of methotrexate and its metabolites in pharmaceutical, biological and environmental samples. J Pharm Anal 2019; 9:373-391. [PMID: 31890337 PMCID: PMC6931080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate antagonist drug used for several diseases, such as cancers, various malignancies, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease. Due to its structural features, including the presence of two carboxylic acid groups and its low native fluorescence, there are some challenges to develop analytical methods for its determination. MTX is metabolized to 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MTX), 2,4-diamino-N10-methylpteroic acid (DAMPA), and the active MTX polyglutamates (MTXPGs) in the liver, intestine, and red blood cells (RBCs), respectively. Additionally, the drug has a narrow therapeutic range; hence, its therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is necessary to regulate the pharmacokinetics of the drug and to decrease the risk of toxicity. Due to environmental toxicity of MTX; its sensitive, fast and low cost determination in workplace environments is of great interest. A large number of methodologies including high performance liquid chromatography equipped with UV-visible, fluorescence, or electrochemical detection, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and electrochemical methods have been developed for the quantitation of MTX and its metabolites in pharmaceutical, biological, and environmental samples. This paper will attempt to review several published methodologies and the instrumental conditions, which have been applied to measure MTX and its metabolites within the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Karami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Central Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Sara Ranjbar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Yun Y, Wu H, Gao J, Dai W, Deng L, Lv O, Kong Y. Facile synthesis of Ca 2+-crosslinked sodium alginate/graphene oxide hybrids as electro- and pH-responsive drug carrier. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110380. [PMID: 31924053 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The design of stimuli-responsive drug carrier for controlled drug release is of significant importance in pharmaceutics, medicine and biology. Here, sodium alginate (SA) was integrated with graphene oxide (GO) by using Ca2+ as the crosslinker. The resultant SA-Ca2+-GO composites were freeze-dried to produce SA-Ca2+-GO hybrids, which were then examined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The SA-Ca2+-GO hybrids were used as the drug carrier of methotrexate (MTX), and electro- and pH-responsive release of MTX was successfully achieved due to the excellent conductive ability of GO and the pH-sensitive property of SA. Finally, Higuchi model was employed to investigate the release kinetics of MTX from the SA-Ca2+-GO hybrids, and the results indicate that the release of MTX is controlled by Fickian diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Yun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213011, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Ouyang Lv
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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16
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Lima HRS, Airton de Oliveira Farias E, Teixeira PRS, Eiras C, Nunes LCC. Blend films based on biopolymers extracted from babassu mesocarp (Orbignya phalerata) for the electrochemical detection of methotrexate antineoplastic drug. J Solid State Electrochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-019-04406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Macedo LB, Nogueira-Librelotto DR, de Vargas J, Scheeren LE, Vinardell MP, Rolim CMB. Poly (ɛ-Caprolactone) Nanoparticles with pH-Responsive Behavior Improved the In Vitro Antitumor Activity of Methotrexate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:165. [PMID: 30993464 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A promising approach to achieve a more efficient antitumor therapy is the conjugation of the active molecule to a nanostructured delivery system. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to prepare nanoparticles (NPs), with the polymer poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), as a carrier for the antitumor drug methotrexate (MTX). A pH-responsive behavior was obtained through conjugation of the amino acid-based amphiphile, 77KL, to the NP matrix. The NPs showed mean hydrodynamic diameter and drug entrapment efficiency of 178.5 nm and 20.52%, respectively. Owing to its pH-sensitivity, the PCL-NPs showed membrane-lytic behavior upon reducing the pH value of surrounding media to 5.4, which is characteristic of the endosomal compartments. The in vitro antitumor assays demonstrated that MTX-loaded PCL-NPs have higher antiproliferative activity than free drug in MCF-7 cells and, to a lesser extent, in HepG2 cells. This same behavior was also achieved at mildly acidic conditions, characteristic of the tumor microenvironment. Altogether, the results evidenced the pH-responsive properties of the designed NPs, as well as the higher in vitro cytotoxicity compared to free MTX, representing thus a promising alternative for the antitumor therapy.
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Simultaneous Quantification of Methotrexate and Its Metabolite 7-Hydroxy-Methotrexate in Human Plasma for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Int J Anal Chem 2019; 2019:1536532. [PMID: 30853983 PMCID: PMC6378003 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1536532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish and validate a simple, sensitive, and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of methotrexate (MTX) and its major metabolite 7-hydroxy-methotrexate (7-OH-MTX) in human plasma. Method The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax C18 column (3.5 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) using a gradient elution with methanol (phase B) and 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution (phase A). The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min with analytical time of 3.5 min. Mass spectrometry detection was performed in a triple-quadruple tandem mass spectrometer under positive ion mode with the following mass transitions: m/z 455.1/308.1 for MTX, 471.0/324.1 for 7-OH-MTX, and 458.2/311.1 for internal standard. The pretreatment procedure was optimized with dilution after one-step protein precipitation. Results The calibration range of methotrexate and 7-OH-MTX was 5.0-10000.0 ng/mL. The intraday and interday precision and accuracy were less than 15% and within ±15% for both analytes. The recovery for MTX and 7-OH-MTX was more than 90% and the matrix effect ranged from 97.90% to 117.60%. Conclusion The method was successfully developed and applied to the routine therapeutic drug monitoring of MTX and 7-OH-MTX in human plasma.
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Khan SB, Alamry KA, Alyahyawi NA, Asiri AM. Controlled release of organic-inorganic nanohybrid:cefadroxil intercalated Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3203-3222. [PMID: 29881273 PMCID: PMC5985791 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s138840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intercalation of an antibiotic drug, cefadroxil (CD), into the inter-gallery of Zn, Al nitrate-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was accomplished using a co-precipitation method. This formed a nanostructured organic-inorganic hybrid material that can be exploited for the preparation of a controlled release formulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The drug-LDH nanohybrid was characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, which confirmed the intercalation process. Release tests of nanohybrid in the presence or absence of NaCl or poly-acrylamide (PAM) were performed in vitro in gastric (pH 1.2), lysosomal (pH 4.0), intestinal (pH 6.8) and blood (pH 7.4) simulated fluid using UV-vis spectroscopy. RESULTS At pH 1.2, LDH was dissolved and intercalated antibiotic released from ZnAl-CD in a molecular form, which led to a significant increase in the antibiotic's solubility. Results showed that the release of drug from nanohybrid at pH 4.0, 6.8 and 7.4 was a sustained process. CONCLUSION This material might reduce side effects by the release of the drug in a controlled manner. However, it was found that the presence of Cl or PAM species in the release media has a negative impact on the release behavior. The weathering mechanism is responsible for the release of CD from the nanocomposite at pH 1.2, while the mechanism of anion exchange may be responsible for the release behavior at pH 4.0, 6.8 and 7.4. A number of kinetic models were chosen to gain more insights into the mechanisms of drug release. At pH 1.2, the zero-order model most satisfactorily explained the release kinetics of CD, while the release data of CD at pH 4.0, 6.8 and 7.4 were governed by Bhaskar kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Bahadar Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nedaa A Alyahyawi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Wang WY, Ju XH, Zhao XF, Li XD, Li SP, Song FG. Novel morphologies of poly(allyamine hydrochloride)-methotrexate nanoassemblies for methotrexate delivery. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8130-8140. [PMID: 35542005 PMCID: PMC9078489 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-methotrexate (PAH-MTX) nanoassemblies with novel morphologies (i.e. nanostrips, nanorolls, nanosheets, and nanospheres) were achieved for the first time via supramolecular self-assembly directed by the synergistic action of various non-covalent interactions between PAH and MTX molecules in aqueous solution. Herein, MTX acted in a versatile manner as both a morphology-regulating agent and a small molecular hydrophobic anticancer drug. Moreover, different morphologies presented diverse drug release profiles, which may be caused by the distinctive interactions between PAH and MTX molecules. Synergistically non-covalent interactions, including electrostatic interactions, van der Waals forces, and hydrogen bonding, favored easier matrix corrosion and more rapid drug release of non-spherical structures (i.e. nanostrips, nanorolls, and nanosheets) through the ligand exchange process. On the other hand, the highly sealed encapsulation mode for hydrophobic MTX molecules made the nanospheres exhibit slower and better controlled release. In addition, in vitro bioassay tests showed that nanostrips displayed the most obvious suppression on the viability of cancer cells among other morphologies, especially after a longer duration. The strategy of using small molecular anticancer drugs not as passively delivered cargoes but as effective molecular building blocks, opens up a new way to develop self-delivering drugs for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Material, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-83598678 +86-25-83598280
| | - Xiao-Han Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Material, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-83598678 +86-25-83598280
| | - Xiu-Fen Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Material, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-83598678 +86-25-83598280
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Material, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-83598678 +86-25-83598280
| | - Shu-Ping Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Material, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-83598678 +86-25-83598280
- Shandong Bingkun Tengtai Ceramics Technology Co. Ltd. Zibo 255321 China
| | - Fu-Gui Song
- Shandong Bingkun Tengtai Ceramics Technology Co. Ltd. Zibo 255321 China
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21
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Silva MF, Ribeiro C, Gonçalves VMF, Tiritan ME, Lima Á. Liquid chromatographic methods for the therapeutic drug monitoring of methotrexate as clinical decision support for personalized medicine: A brief review. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4159. [PMID: 29226354 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an antifolate drug used for several diseases. Depending on the disease, MTX can be administered at low dose (LDMTX) in some autoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis, or at high dose (HDMTX) in some cancers, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia. After absorption, MTX is metabolized in the liver to 7-hydroxymethotrexate and in the intestine to 2,4-diamino-N10-methylpteroic acid (DAMPA). Moreover, inside red blood cells, MTX is converted to active metabolites, MTX polyglutamates (MTXPGs), contributing to its pharmacodynamics. Owing to its narrow therapeutic range, and inter- and intra-patient variability, either noneffectiveness and/or toxicity may occur. Because of the existence of a relationship between drug therapeutic outcome and its systemic concentration, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may ensure the effectiveness and safety of MTX use. In order to monitor the optimization of patient clinical response profile, several analytical methods have been described for TDM in biological samples. These include liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with ultraviolet detection, fluorescence detection or mass spectrometry, each one presenting advantages and drawbacks. This paper reviews the most commonly used techniques for sample preparation and critically discusses the current LC methods applied for the TDM of MTX in biological samples, at LDMTX and HDMTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Francisco Silva
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, R. Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Ribeiro
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, Porto, Portugal
| | - Virgínia M F Gonçalves
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
| | - Áurea Lima
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.,Grupo de Oncologia Molecular e Patologia Viral, Centro de Investigação, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal.,Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, E.P.E. Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
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dos Santos AM, Carvalho FC, Teixeira DA, Azevedo DL, de Barros WM, Gremião MPD. Computational and experimental approaches for development of methotrexate nanosuspensions by bottom-up nanoprecipitation. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:330-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wu J, Deng A, Jiang W, Tian R, Shen Y. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of pH-sensitive magnetic nanocomposites as methotrexate delivery system for targeted cancer therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:132-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Khadem Sadigh M, Zakerhamidi MS, Seyed Ahmadian SM, Johari-Ahar M, Zare Haghighi L. Environment effect on spectral and charge distribution characteristics of some drugs of folate derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 171:10-17. [PMID: 27458760 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular surrounding media as an important factor can effect on the operation of wide variety of drugs. For more study in this paper, spectral properties of Methotrexate and Folinic acid have been studied in various solvents. Our results show that the photo-physical of solute molecules depend strongly on solute-solvent interactions and active groups in their chemical structures. In order to investigate the contribution of specific and nonspecific interactions on the various properties of drug molecules, the linear solvation energy relationships concept is used. Moreover, charge distribution characteristics of used samples with various resonance structures in solvent environments were calculated by means of solvatochromic method. The high value of dipole moments in excited state show that local intramolecular charge transfer can occur by excitation. These results about molecular interactions can be extended to biological systems and can indicate completely the behaviors of Methotrexate and Folinic acid in polar solvents such as water in body system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khadem Sadigh
- Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - M S Zakerhamidi
- Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - S M Seyed Ahmadian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Johari-Ahar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (ArUMS), Ardabil, Iran
| | - L Zare Haghighi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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Guichard N, Guillarme D, Bonnabry P, Fleury-Souverain S. Antineoplastic drugs and their analysis: a state of the art review. Analyst 2017; 142:2273-2321. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We provide an overview of the analytical methods available for the quantification of antineoplastic drugs in pharmaceutical formulations, biological and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Guichard
- Pharmacy
- Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)
- Geneva
- Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- University of Lausanne
- Geneva
- Switzerland
| | - Pascal Bonnabry
- Pharmacy
- Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)
- Geneva
- Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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26
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Bioadhesive Surfactant Systems for Methotrexate Skin Delivery. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21020231. [PMID: 26901183 PMCID: PMC6273544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an immunosuppressive drug for systemic use in the treatment of skin diseases, however, MTX presents a number of side effects, such as hepatotoxicity. To overcome this limitation, this study developed skin MTX delivery surfactant systems, such as a microemulsion (ME) and a liquid crystalline system (LCS), consisting of a glycol copolymer-based silicone fluid (SFGC) as oil phase, polyether functional siloxane (PFS) as surfactant, and carbomer homopolymer type A (C971) dispersion at 0.5% (wt/wt) as aqueous phase. Polarized light microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering evidenced the presence of hexagonal and lamellar LCSs, and also a ME. Texture profile and in vitro bioadhesion assays showed that these formulations are suitable for topical application, showing interesting hardness, adhesiveness and compressibility values. Rheology analysis confirmed the Newtonian behaviour of the ME, whereas lamellar and hexagonal LCSs behave as pseudoplastic and dilatant non-Newtonian fluids, respectively. In vitro release profiles indicated that MTX could be released in a controlled manner from all the systems, and the Weibull model showed the highest adjusted coefficient of determination. Finally, the formulations were not cytotoxic to the immortalized human keratinocyte line HaCaT. Therefore, these bioadhesive surfactant systems established with PFS and C971 have great potential as skin delivery systems.
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Davenport KR, Smith CA, Hofstetter H, Horn JR, Hofstetter O. Site-directed immobilization of a genetically engineered anti-methotrexate antibody via an enzymatically introduced biotin label significantly increases the binding capacity of immunoaffinity columns. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1021:114-121. [PMID: 26809205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of random vs. site-directed immobilization techniques on the performance of antibody-based HPLC columns was investigated using a single-domain camelid antibody (VHH) directed against methotrexate (MTX) as a model system. First, the high flow-through support material POROS-OH was activated with disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC), and the VHH was bound in a random manner via amines located on the protein's surface. The resulting column was characterized by Frontal Affinity Chromatography (FAC). Then, two site-directed techniques were explored to increase column efficiency by immobilizing the antibody via its C-terminus, i.e., away from the antigen-binding site. In one approach, a tetra-lysine tail was added, and the antibody was immobilized onto DSC-activated POROS. In the second site-directed approach, the VHH was modified with the AviTag peptide, and a biotin-residue was enzymatically incorporated at the C-terminus using the biotin ligase BirA. The biotinylated antibody was subsequently immobilized onto NeutrAvidin-derivatized POROS. A comparison of the FAC analyses, which for all three columns showed excellent linearity (R(2)>0.999), revealed that both site-directed approaches yield better results than the random immobilization; the by far highest efficiency, however, was determined for the immunoaffinity column based on AviTag-biotinylated antibody. As proof of concept, all three columns were evaluated for quantification of MTX dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Validation using UV-detection showed excellent linearity in the range of 0.04-12μM (R(2)>0.993). The lower limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were found to be independent of the immobilization strategy and were 40nM and 132nM, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision was below 11.6%, and accuracy was between 90.7% and 112%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the AviTag-system in chromatography, and the first application of immunoaffinity chromatography for the analysis of MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlynn R Davenport
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115-2862, USA
| | - Christopher A Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115-2862, USA
| | - Heike Hofstetter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115-2862, USA
| | - James R Horn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115-2862, USA
| | - Oliver Hofstetter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115-2862, USA.
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Montemurro M, De Zan MM, Robles JC. Optimized high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method using core-shell particles for the therapeutic monitoring of methotrexate. J Pharm Anal 2015; 6:103-111. [PMID: 29403969 PMCID: PMC5762447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an antineoplastic drug, and due to its high toxicity, the therapeutic drug monitoring is strictly conducted in the clinical practice. The chemometric optimization and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using core-shell particles is presented for the determination of MTX in plasma during therapeutic monitoring. Experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied for the optimization of the chromatographic system and the analyte extraction step. A Poroshell 120 EC-C18 (3.0 mm×75 mm, 2.7 μm) column was used to obtain a fast and efficient separation in a complete run time of 4 min. The optimum conditions for the chromatographic system resulted in a mobile phase consisting of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution (85.0 mM, pH=4.00) and 11.2% of acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision were demonstrated in a range of 0.10-6.0 µM of MTX. The application of the optimized method required only 150 µL of patient plasma and a low consumption of solvent to provide rapid results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Montemurro
- Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de Medicamentos, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María M De Zan
- Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de Medicamentos, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Juan C Robles
- Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de Medicamentos, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Polymer-Based Prodrugs: Improving Tumor Targeting and the Solubility of Small Molecule Drugs in Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2015; 20:21750-69. [PMID: 26690101 PMCID: PMC6331894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of anticancer drugs have poor aqueous solubility, produce adverse effects in healthy tissue, and thus impose major limitations on both clinical efficacy and therapeutic safety of cancer chemotherapy. To help circumvent problems associated with solubility, most cancer drugs are now formulated with co-solubilizers. However, these agents often also introduce severe side effects, thereby restricting effective treatment and patient quality of life. A promising approach to addressing problems in anticancer drug solubility and selectivity is their conjugation with polymeric carriers to form polymer-based prodrugs. These polymer-based prodrugs are macromolecular carriers, designed to increase the aqueous solubility of antitumor drugs, can enhance bioavailability. Additionally, polymer-based prodrugs approach exploits unique features of tumor physiology to passively facilitate intratumoral accumulation, and so improve chemodrug pharmacokinetics and pharmacological properties. This review introduces basic concepts of polymer-based prodrugs, provides an overview of currently emerging synthetic, natural, and genetically engineered polymers that now deliver anticancer drugs in preclinical or clinical trials, and highlights their major anticipated applications in anticancer therapies.
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Lutterbeck CA, Baginska E, Machado ÊL, Kümmerer K. Removal of the anti-cancer drug methotrexate from water by advanced oxidation processes: Aerobic biodegradation and toxicity studies after treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 141:290-296. [PMID: 26298026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anti-cancer drugs are discussed as high risk substances in regard to human health and considered as problematic for the environment. They are of potential environmental relevance due to their poor biodegradability and toxicological properties. Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite that was introduced in the pharmaceutical market in the 40's and still today is one of the most consumed cytotoxic compounds around the world. In the present study MTX was only partially biodegraded in the closed bottle test (CBT). Therefore, it was submitted to three different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): UV/H2O2, UV/Fe(2+)/H2O2 and UV/TiO2. The irradiation was carried out with a Hg medium-pressure lamp during 256min whereas the analytical monitoring was done through LC-UV-MS/MS and DOC analysis. MTX was easily removed in all the irradiation experiments, while the highest mineralization values and rates were achieved by the UV/Fe(2+)/H2O2 treatment. The lowest resulted from the UV/H2O2 reactions. The UV/H2O2 treatment resulted in little biodegradable transformation products (TPs). However, the same treatment resulted in a reduction of the toxicity of MTX by forming less toxic TPs. Analysis by LC-UV-MS/MS revealed the existence of nine TPs formed during the photo-catalytic treatments. The pH of the solutions decreased from 6.4 (t 0min) to 5.15 in the UV/H2O2 and from 6.4 (t 0min) to 5.9 in the UV/TiO2 at the end of the experiments. The initial pH of the UV/Fe(2+)/H2O2 experiments was adjusted to 5 and after the addition of H2O2 the pH decreased to around 3 and remained in this range until the end of the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alexandre Lutterbeck
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany; Graduate Program in Environmental Technology, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900 Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Ewelina Baginska
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Ênio Leandro Machado
- Graduate Program in Environmental Technology, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Av. Independência, 2293, CEP 96815-900 Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
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31
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Nogueira DR, Scheeren LE, Macedo LB, Marcolino AIP, Pilar Vinardell M, Mitjans M, Rosa Infante M, Farooqi AA, Rolim CMB. Inclusion of a pH-responsive amino acid-based amphiphile in methotrexate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles as a delivery strategy in cancer therapy. Amino Acids 2015; 48:157-68. [PMID: 26306845 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of antitumor drugs in nanosized systems with pH-sensitive behavior is a promising approach that may enhance the success of chemotherapy in many cancers. The nanocarrier dependence on pH might trigger an efficient delivery of the encapsulated drug both in the acidic extracellular environment of tumors and, especially, in the intracellular compartments through disruption of endosomal membrane. In this context, here we reported the preparation of chitosan-based nanoparticles encapsulating methotrexate as a model drug (MTX-CS-NPs), which comprises the incorporation of an amino acid-based amphiphile with pH-responsive properties (77KS) on the ionotropic complexation process. The presence of 77KS clearly gives a pH-sensitive behavior to NPs, which allowed accelerated release of MTX with decreasing pH as well as pH-dependent membrane-lytic activity. This latter performance demonstrates the potential of these NPs to facilitate cytosolic delivery of endocytosed materials. Outstandingly, the cytotoxicity of MTX-loaded CS-NPs was higher than free drug to MCF-7 tumor cells and, to a lesser extent, to HeLa cells. Based on the overall results, MTX-CS-NPs modified with the pH-sensitive surfactant 77KS could be potentially useful as a carrier system for intracellular drug delivery and, thus, a promising targeting anticancer chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Rubert Nogueira
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Laís E Scheeren
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia B Macedo
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Isa P Marcolino
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - M Pilar Vinardell
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Mitjans
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Rosa Infante
- Departamento de Tecnología Química y de Tensioactivos, IQAC, CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ammad A Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, 35 km Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Clarice M B Rolim
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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Rabii FW, Segura PA, Fayad PB, Sauvé S. Determination of six chemotherapeutic agents in municipal wastewater using online solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 487:792-800. [PMID: 24388503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increased consumption of chemotherapeutic agents, their high toxicity, carcinogenicity, their occurrence in the aquatic environment must be properly evaluated. An analytical method based on online solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. A 1 mL injection volume was used to quantify six of the most widely used cytotoxic drugs (cyclophosphamide, gemcitabine, ifosfamide, methotrexate, irinotecan and epirubicin) in municipal wastewater. The method was validated using standard additions. The validation results in wastewater influent had coefficients of determination (R(2)) between 0.983 and 0.998 and intra-day precision ranging from 7 to 13% (expressed as relative standard deviation %RSD), and from 9 to 23% for inter-day precision. Limits of detection ranged from 4 to 20 ng L(-1) while recovery values were greater than 70% except for gemcitabine, which is the most hydrophilic compound in the selected group and had a recovery of 47%. Matrix effects were interpreted by signal suppression and ranged from 55 to 118% with cyclophosphamide having the highest value. Two of the target anticancer drugs (cyclophosphamide and methotrexate) were detected and quantified in wastewater (effluent and influent) and ranged from 13 to 60 ng L(-1). The proposed method thus allows proper monitoring of potential environmental releases of chemotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida W Rabii
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, succ. Centre ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pedro A Segura
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500, boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Paul B Fayad
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, succ. Centre ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, succ. Centre ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Rodin I, Braun A, Stavrianidi A, Shpigun O. A validated LC-MS/MS method for rapid determination of methotrexate in human saliva and its application to an excretion evaluation study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 937:1-6. [PMID: 24008118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and simple method for the methotrexate quantification was developed using aminopterin as internal standard. Methotrexate is an anticancer agent that is widely used in a variety of human cancers including primary central nervous system lymphoma. The compound was quantified by liquid-chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization (positive ion-mode) low-energy collision dissociation-tandem mass spectrometry. Quantitative detection was by multiple reaction monitoring of the transitions of the [M+H]+ ion of MTX to its common product ion at m/z 308.4 and of aminopterin at m/z 441.2→m/z 294.0. The method demonstrated linearity over at least three orders of magnitude and had a detection limit of 1ng/ml for methotrexate. A run time of less than 8.0min for each sample made it possible to analyze a large number of human saliva samples per day. Application of this procedure was demonstrated to a saliva excretion study of methotrexate on the samples obtained after an intravenously administration of 1mg/kg/dose of methotrexate to six patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rodin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.
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Elmorsi YM, El-Haggar SM, Ibrahim OM, Mabrouk MM. Effect of ketoprofen and indomethacin on methotrexate pharmacokinetics in mice plasma and tumor tissues. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2012; 38:27-32. [PMID: 23161397 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-012-0113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) has been used in combination with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of inflammatory diseases as well as malignancies. Severe adverse effects with this combination may occur, usually resulting from inhibition of renal transporters. Solid Ehrlich carcinoma was experimentally induced by implantation of Ehrlich ascites Carcinoma cells subcutaneously into the thigh of mice, and after 30 days, mice were divided into three groups: Group I that served as control group received MTX (50 mg/kg, i.p.); Group II received ketoprofen (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and then after half an hour received MTX (50 mg/kg, i.p.); Group III received indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and then after half an hour received MTX (50 mg/kg, i.p.). Plasma and tissue samples were collected at different time points and then MTX concentrations were determined by HPLC. The injection of ketoprofen or indomethacin before MTX injection resulted in significant increase in the AUC and CPmax of MTX (p < 0.05) and significant decrease in CL/F and Vd/F of MTX (p < 0.05) in mice plasma. The effects were more significant after injection of indomethacin than in case of ketoprofen. The study showed that administration of ketoprofen or indomethacin prior to MTX caused significant decrease in MTX elimination and significant increase in MTX extent of absorption which may lead to severe adverse effects if coadministered in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine M Elmorsi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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A U–HPLC–ESI–MS/MS–Based Stable Isotope Dilution Method for the Detection and Quantitation of Methotrexate in Plasma. Ther Drug Monit 2012; 34:432-9. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e31825bb368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Pontinha ADR, Jorge SMA, Diculescu VC, Vivan M, Oliveira-Brett AM. Antineoplasic Drug Methotrexate Redox Mechanism Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Analysis of anticancer drugs: a review. Talanta 2011; 85:2265-89. [PMID: 21962644 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the number of patients receiving chemotherapy has considerably increased. Given the toxicity of cytotoxic agents to humans (not only for patients but also for healthcare professionals), the development of reliable analytical methods to analyse these compounds became necessary. From the discovery of new substances to patient administration, all pharmaceutical fields are concerned with the analysis of cytotoxic drugs. In this review, the use of methods to analyse cytotoxic agents in various matrices, such as pharmaceutical formulations and biological and environmental samples, is discussed. Thus, an overview of reported analytical methods for the determination of the most commonly used anticancer drugs is given.
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Ultrafast selective quantification of methotrexate in human plasma by high-throughput MALDI-isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:1369-78. [PMID: 21679031 DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new analytical MS method using isotope dilution combined with MALDI-triple quadrupole MS/MS has been developed and validated for the determination of methotrexate and 7-hydroxymethotrexate in plasma. Methotrexate, methotrexate-d3, 7-hydroxymethotrexate and 7-hydroxymethotrexate-d3 were monitored by selected reaction monitoring using the transitions m/z 455.2→308.2, 458.2→311.2, 471.2→324.2 and 474.2→327.2 for methotrexate, methotrexate-d3, 7-hydroxymethotrexate and 7-hydroxymethotrexate-d3, respectively. RESULTS The LLOQ was 1 nmol/l for methotrexate and 7-hydroxymethotrexate while the limit of detection was 0.3 nmol/l for both analytes. The new developed method was cross-validated by a fluorescence polarization immunoassay and tested for its clinical feasibility by measuring plasma samples from patients suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Plasma methotrexate concentrations ranged between 66.0 and 954 nmol/l and observed 7-hydroxymethotrexate/methotrexate ratios ranged between 0.1 and 32.4, respectively. CONCLUSION The new method showed comparable analytical performances as the fluorescence polarization immunoassay, but analyte specificity and sensitivity of the newly developed method were significantly better.
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Determination of methotrexate and indomethacin in urine using SPE-LC-DAD after derivatization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:317-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Verdier MC, Tribut O, Bodeau S, Rihouey D, Bentué-Ferrer D. Suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique du méthotrexate à faible dose dans les maladies inflammatoires. Therapie 2011; 66:63-72. [DOI: 10.2515/therapie/2011002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Alcântara AMPDP, Vitor RV, Vieira EP, Martins I. Simultaneous detection of three antineoplastic drugs on gloves by liquid chromatography with diode array detector. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502010000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a method for simultaneous detection of antineoplastic drugs on gloves since, in occupational exposure, the main contamination route is through dermal contact, which may occur via prolonged contact with contaminated surfaces or materials. The assay was performed by liquid chromatography using the following conditions for the detection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), methotrexate (MTX) and paclitaxel (TAX): diode array detection and UV quantification at 195 nm for TAX, at 265 nm for 5-FU and at 302 nm for MTX; ODS column (250 x 4 mm, 5 μm) with a similar guard column; mobile phase consisted of water (pH 4)-methanol-acetonitrile (35:15:50, v/v/v) with a flow rate of 1 mL min-1. The method presented a linear range from 0.25 to 20 μg mL-1 with r² higher than 0.99. Repeatability was <15% and satisfactory extraction efficiency was obtained when liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate was used for 5-FU and TAX. Satisfactory solid phase extraction was also achieved with C18 cartridges and elution with methanol for MTX. The diode array detector allowed drug quantification at a concentration > 0.25 μg mL-1 in samples, although detection was possible in samples that presented values of around 0.1 μg mL-1. The results obtained suggest that the method developed can be applied for the simultaneous determination of the drugs studied and can be considered useful in exposure assessment for health care workers.
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Ayyappan S, Sundaraganesan N, Aroulmoji V, Murano E, Sebastian S. Molecular structure, vibrational spectra and DFT molecular orbital calculations (TD-DFT and NMR) of the antiproliferative drug Methotrexate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 77:264-275. [PMID: 20621610 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2010] [Revised: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectral studies of the Methotrexate (MTX) were carried out. The equilibrium geometry, various bonding features and harmonic vibrational frequencies of MTX have been investigated with the help of B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) using 6-31G(d) as basis set. Detailed analysis of the vibrational spectra has been made with the aid of theoretically predicted vibrational frequencies. The vibrational analysis confirms the differently acting ring modes, steric repulsion, conjugation and back-donation. The energy and oscillator strength calculated by Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) results complement with the experimental findings. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occur within the molecule. Good correlations between the experimental (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shifts in DMSO solution and calculated GIAO shielding tensors were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ayyappan
- Government College of Technology, Coimbatore 641013, India
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43
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Bioanalytical method development for a generation 5 polyamidoamine folic acid methotrexate conjugated nanoparticle. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:1841-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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van Haandel L, Becker ML, Leeder JS, Williams TD, Stobaugh JF. A novel high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for improved selective and sensitive measurement of methotrexate polyglutamation status in human red blood cells. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3693-3702. [PMID: 19902549 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The folate antagonist methotrexate is commonly used in low dose for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Therapeutic effects are attributed to intracellular levels of various methotrexate polyglutamates. The present methodology, combining a simple preparation step with ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, is suitable for the measurement of methotrexate and its polyglutamates(2-7), in human red blood cells. Sample preparation consists of perchloric acid protein precipitation followed by solid-phase extraction. Baseline separation of all analytes was achieved within 10 min using a Phenomenex Synergy C18 column together with a gradient solvent program obtained from blending acetonitrile with pH 7.5, 5 mM aqueous dimethylhexylamine. Seven methotrexate polyglutamates were detected using multiple reaction monitoring, with the mass spectrometer operating in positive ion mode. Using 20 microL injection volumes, limits of detection were 2.5 nM for individual methotrexate polyglutamates, while large volume (100 microL) injections led to detection limits of 0.5 nM and linear calibration from 0.5 to 100 nM for individual analytes. Finally, the presented methodology was applied for the analysis of methotrexate and its polyglutamates in red blood cells obtained from patients being treated for juvenile idiopathic arthritis with methotrexate. Significantly, the methodology proved suitable for determination of long-chain methotrexate polyglutamates(5-7) and further, appears to be superior with respect to sensitivity, selectivity and speed as compared to all previously described approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon van Haandel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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Katona M, Kiss K, Angyal V, Kucsma N, Sarkadi B, Takáts Z, Szakács G. A mass spectrometry based functional assay for the quantitative assessment of ABC transporter activity. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3372-3376. [PMID: 19780062 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters are highly expressed in pharmacological barriers limiting the access of drugs to their targets. Since characterization of a compound as a transporter substrate or inhibitor bears significant consequences in drug development, there is a great need for reliable tools that enable the rapid analysis of the transport susceptibility of drugs. Here we describe a simple but very efficient high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) assay for measuring the ABC transporter-dependent vesicular transport of compounds. In addition, we provide evidence that the requirement for sample preparation can be minimized using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)-MS, paving the way for a direct, high-throughput investigation of drug-transporter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Katona
- Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1113 Budapest, Hungary
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Koufopantelis P, Georgakakou S, Kazanis M, Giaginis C, Margeli A, Papargiri S, Panderi I. Direct injection liquid chromatography/positive ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometric quantification of methotrexate, folinic acid, folic acid and ondansetron in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3850-6. [PMID: 19828383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid liquid chromatography/positive ion electrospray mass spectrometric assay (LC/ESI-MS) was developed for the quantitation of methotrexate, folinic acid, folic acid and ondansetron in human serum. The assay was based on 100microL serum samples, following acetonitrile precipitation of proteins and filtration that enabled direct injection into the LC/MS system. All analytes and the internal standard, alfuzosin, were separated by using a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C(8) analytical column (2.1mmx150.0mm i.d., particle size 3.5microm) with isocratic elution. The mobile phase was composed of a mixture of water/acetonitrile containing 0.1%, v/v formic acid (75:25, v/v), pumped at a flow rate of 0.15mLmin(-1). Quantitation of the analytes was performed with selected ion monitoring (SIM) in positive ionization mode using electrospray ionization interface. The assay was found to be linear in the concentration range of 0.01-25.00microgmL(-1) for methotrexate and 0.01-5.00microgmL(-1) for folic acid, folinic acid and ondansetron. Intermediate precision was found to be less than 4.2% over the tested concentration ranges. A run time of less than 7.0min for each sample made it possible to analyze a large number of human serum samples per day. The method can be used to quantify methotrexate, folinic acid, folic acid and ondansetron in human serum covering a variety of clinical studies and it was applied to the analysis of human serum samples obtained from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Koufopantelis
- University of Athens, School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 157 71, Athens, Greece
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Jain JP, Modi S, Kumar N. Hydroxy fatty acid based polyanhydride as drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization,in vitro degradation, drug release, and biocompatibility. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 84:740-52. [PMID: 17635032 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight hydroxy fatty acid based polyanhydrides were synthesized by one pot method, a variable of typical melt-condensation and characterized by FTIR, NMR, DSC, and GPC. Polymer degrades by both surface and bulk erosion as trailed by weight loss, anhydride loss and surface morphology. Control over drug release was accessed with drugs featuring different aqueous solubility, that is, methotrexate (hydrophobic) and 5-fluorouracil (hydrophilic). Effect of loading, at 5, 10, and 20% w/w of methotrexate on release profiles was also studied and negligible effect was discovered. Biocompatibility of polymers was evaluated in SD rats after SC injection of the polymer. Histopathology revealed initial inflammation of the tissues near the injection site however healed with time. Overall, these polymers were found good to control the release of the entrapped drug and were found biocompatible in preliminary in vivo study. Due to their low melting temperatures they can be injected locally (SC or intratumorally) to from regional in situ depot and have a great potential as a drug carrier for localized delivery of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali 160062, India
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Muñoz de la Peña A, Durán Merás I, Jiménez Girón A. Four-way calibration applied to the simultaneous determination of folic acid and methotrexate in urine samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:1289-97. [PMID: 16685520 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
First-, second- and third-order calibration methods were investigated for the simultaneous determination of folic acid and methotrexate. The interest in the determination of these compounds is related to the fact that methotrexate inhibits the body's absorption of folic acid and prolonged treatment with methotrexate may lead to folic acid deficiency, and to the use of folic acid to cope with toxic side effects of methotrexate. Both analytes were converted into highly fluorescent compounds by oxidation with potassium permanganate, and the kinetics of the reaction was continuously monitored by recording the kinetics curves of fluorescence emission, the evolution with time of the emission spectra and the excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) of the samples at different reaction times. Direct determination of mixtures of both drugs in urine was accomplished on the basis of the evolution of the kinetics of EEMs by fluorescence measurements and four-way parallel-factor analysis (PARAFAC) or multiway partial least squares (N-PLS) chemometric calibration. The core consistency diagnostic (CORCONDIA) was employed to determine the correct number of factors in PARAFAC and the procedure converged to a choice of three factors, attributed to folic acid, methotrexate and to the sum of fluorescent species present in the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muñoz de la Peña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
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El-Hady DA, Seliem MM, Gotti R, El-Maali NA. Novel voltammetric method for enantioseparation of racemic methotrexate. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B: CHEMICAL 2006; 113:978-988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2005.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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de Faria TJ, Machado de Campos A, Lemos Senna E. Preparation and Characterization of Poly(D,L-Lactide) (PLA) and Poly(D,L-Lactide)-Poly(Ethylene Glycol) (PLA-PEG) Nanocapsules Containing Antitumoral Agent Methotrexate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200551128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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