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Mali A, Kaijzel EL, Lamb HJ, Cruz LJ. 19F-nanoparticles: Platform for in vivo delivery of fluorinated biomaterials for 19F-MRI. J Control Release 2021; 338:870-889. [PMID: 34492234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features one of the most investigated and innovative techniques for quantitative and unambiguous cell tracking, providing information for both localization and number of cells. Because of the relative insensitivity of the MRI technique, a high number of magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms are required to gain detectable signals. However, an increased amount of 19F nuclei induces low solubility in aqueous solutions, making fluorine-based probes not suitable for in vivo imaging applications. In this context, nanoparticle-based platforms play a crucial role, since nanoparticles may carry a high payload of 19F-based contrast agents into the relevant cells or tissues, increase the imaging agents biocompatibility, and provide a highly versatile platform. In this review, we present an overview of the 19F-based nanoprobes for sensitive 19F-MRI, focusing on the main nanotechnologies employed to date, such as fluorine and theranostic nanovectors, including their design and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvja Mali
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eric L Kaijzel
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Prilepskii AY, Serov NS, Kladko DV, Vinogradov VV. Nanoparticle-Based Approaches towards the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1056. [PMID: 33167402 PMCID: PMC7694323 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, being an inflammation-associated disease, represents a considerable healthcare problem. Its origin remains poorly understood, and at the same time, it is associated with extensive morbidity and mortality worldwide due to myocardial infarctions and strokes. Unfortunately, drugs are unable to effectively prevent plaque formation. Systemic administration of pharmaceuticals for the inhibition of plaque destabilization bears the risk of adverse effects. At present, nanoscience and, in particular, nanomedicine has made significant progress in both imaging and treatment of atherosclerosis. In this review, we focus on recent advances in this area, discussing subjects such as nanocarriers-based drug targeting principles, approaches towards the treatment of atherosclerosis, utilization of theranostic agents, and future prospects of nanoformulated therapeutics against atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases. The focus is placed on articles published since 2015 with additional attention to research completed in 2019-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vladimir V. Vinogradov
- International Institute “Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies”, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.Y.P.); (N.S.S.); (D.V.K.)
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Simon J, Bauer KN, Langhanki J, Opatz T, Mailänder V, Landfester K, Wurm FR. Noncovalent Targeting of Nanocarriers to Immune Cells with Polyphosphoester-Based Surfactants in Human Blood Plasma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901199. [PMID: 31763142 PMCID: PMC6864500 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are part of the immune system and can internalize pathogens by carbohydrate receptors. The uptake induces maturation and migration of the DCs resulting in an adaptive immune response by presenting antigens to T-cells. Thus, targeted delivery to DCs is a powerful tool for immunotherapy. However, in blood, specific targeting is challenging as blood proteins adsorb to the nanocarriers and mask the targeting molecules. Additionally, covalent coupling of targeting groups to nanocarriers requires new chemistry for each nanocarrier, while a general strategy is missing. A general protocol by noncovalent adsorption of mannosylated polyphosphoesters (PPEs) on the nanocarriers' surface resulting in specific uptake into DCs combined with low protein adsorption of PPEs is presented. PPEs with hydrophobic anchors and multiple mannose units are reported and adsorbed to different model nanocarriers. Their protein corona remain similar to pure stealth nanocarriers and prove only low uptake into nontargeted cells (monocytes). Due to the "stealth" properties of PPEs, a high specific uptake into DCs is achieved after incubation in human blood plasma, proving an efficient combination of "stealth" and targeting after simple adsorption of the PPEs. This strategy can transform any nanocarrier into DC-targeting by noncovalent adsorption of PPEs and will aid in developing novel immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Simon
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für PolymerforschungAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Dermatology ClinicUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzLangenbeckstr. 155131MainzGermany
| | - Kristin N. Bauer
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für PolymerforschungAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Jens Langhanki
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg‐University MainzDuesbergweg 10‐1455128MainzGermany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg‐University MainzDuesbergweg 10‐1455128MainzGermany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für PolymerforschungAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Dermatology ClinicUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzLangenbeckstr. 155131MainzGermany
| | | | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für PolymerforschungAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
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Nasrin T, Patra M, Escudey M, Das TK. Biosynthesized CdS nanoparticles disturb E. coli growth through reactive oxygen production. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kim S, Hur MY, Kim J, Park KM, Kim K. Strong host-guest interaction enables facile and controllable surface modification of cucurbit[6]uril-based polymer nanocapsules for in vivo cancer targeting. Supramol Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2019.1593413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Hur
- Center for Self–assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Center for Self–assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeng Min Park
- Center for Self–assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Self–assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
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Effect of Different Tensoactives on the Morphology and Release Kinetics of PLA-b-PEG Microcapsules Loaded With the Natural Anticancer Compound Perillyl Alcohol. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:860-869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shao C, Shang K, Xu H, Zhang Y, Pei Z, Pei Y. Facile fabrication of hypericin-entrapped glyconanoparticles for targeted photodynamic therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4319-4331. [PMID: 30087563 PMCID: PMC6061409 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s161262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy is a safe, noninvasive modality for cancer therapy, in which the photosensitizer (PS) is a crucial component. Hypericin (Hy) is a promising PS; however, its clinical application is significantly limited by its poor hydrophilicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS To overcome the clinical application limitation of Hy, a novel strategy is developed here by entrapping Hy into polydopamine (PDA) film formed on the surface of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) through the self-polymerization of dopamine under alkaline condition. The amount of Hy in the Hy-entrapped PDA-MNP composite nanoparticles (denoted as PHMs) was measured by spectrophotometry. Furthermore, lactose, as the targeting ligand to asialoglycoprotein receptors, was conjugated to the surface of the PHMs by taking advantage of the spontaneous reaction of PDA with amino groups. RESULTS Spectrophotometry analysis revealed that the amount of Hy in the PHMs was 72 μmol g-1 PHMs. The fabricated Hy-entrapped glyconanoparticle (Lac-PHM) exhibited excellent water dispersibility, stability, and selectivity for asialoglycoprotein receptors overexpressing HepG2 cells. Atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis showed that the amount of the Lac-PHMs taken in HepG2 cells was 2.1-fold higher than that of the triethylene glycol-modified PHMs. The results of intracellular reactive oxygen species generation detection, cytotoxicity study, and apoptosis detection indicated that the Lac-PHMs had a satisfying photodynamic effect to HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION The strategy developed in this work offers great potential for delivery of a variety of hydrophobic PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
| | - Kun Shang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
| | - Huaibao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
| | - Yuxin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
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Thondawada M, Wadhwani AD, S. Palanisamy D, Rathore HS, Gupta RC, Chintamaneni PK, Samanta MK, Dubala A, Varma S, Krishnamurthy PT, Gowthamarajan K. An effective treatment approach of DPP-IV inhibitor encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles conjugated with anti-CD-4 mAb for type 1 diabetes. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1120-1129. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1438460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Thondawada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Ashish Devidas Wadhwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Dhanabal S. Palanisamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | | | - Ramesh C. Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Nagaland University, Dimapur, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Chintamaneni
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Malay K. Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Anil Dubala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Sameer Varma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Praveen T. Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
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Targeted Therapeutic Nanoparticles: An Immense Promise to Fight against Cancer. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2017; 2017:9090325. [PMID: 29464123 PMCID: PMC5804325 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9090325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In nanomedicine, targeted therapeutic nanoparticle (NP) is a virtual outcome of nanotechnology taking the advantage of cancer propagation pattern. Tying up all elements such as therapeutic or imaging agent, targeting ligand, and cross-linking agent with the NPs is the key concept to deliver the payload selectively where it intends to reach. The microenvironment of tumor tissues in lymphatic vessels can also help targeted NPs to achieve their anticipated accumulation depending on the formulation objectives. This review accumulates the application of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) based NP systems, with a specific perspective in cancer. Nowadays, PLGA, PEG, or their combinations are the mostly used polymers to serve the purpose of targeted therapeutic NPs. Their unique physicochemical properties along with their biological activities are also discussed. Depending on the biological effects from parameters associated with existing NPs, several advantages and limitations have been explored in teaming up all the essential facts to give birth to targeted therapeutic NPs. Therefore, the current article will provide a comprehensive review of various approaches to fabricate a targeted system to achieve appropriate physicochemical properties. Based on such findings, researchers can realize the benefits and challenges for the next generation of delivery systems.
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Belletti D, Riva G, Luppi M, Tosi G, Forni F, Vandelli M, Ruozi B, Pederzoli F. Anticancer drug-loaded quantum dots engineered polymeric nanoparticles: Diagnosis/therapy combined approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:230-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Formulation of Laccase Nanobiocatalysts Based on Ionic and Covalent Interactions for the Enhanced Oxidation of Phenolic Compounds. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7080851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative biocatalysis by laccase arises as a promising alternative in the development of advanced oxidation processes for the removal of xenobiotics. The aim of this work is to develop various types of nanobiocatalysts based on laccase immobilized on different superparamagnetic and non-magnetic nanoparticles to improve the stability of the biocatalysts. Several techniques of enzyme immobilization were evaluated based on ionic exchange and covalent bonding. The highest yields of laccase immobilization were achieved for the covalent laccase nanoconjugates of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (2.66 U mg−1 NPs), formed by the covalent attachment of the enzyme between the aldehyde groups of the glutaraldehyde-functionalized nanoparticle and the amino groups of the enzyme. Moreover, its application in the biotransformation of phenol as a model recalcitrant compound was tested at different pH and successfully achieved at pH 6 for 24 h. A sequential batch operation was carried out, with complete recovery of the nanobiocatalyst and minimal deactivation of the enzyme after four cycles of phenol oxidation. The major drawback associated with the use of the nanoparticles relies on the energy consumption required for their production and the use of chemicals, that account for a major contribution in the normalized index of 5.28 × 10−3. The reduction of cyclohexane (used in the synthesis of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles) led to a significant lower index (3.62 × 10−3); however, the immobilization was negatively affected, which discouraged this alternative.
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13
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Pedrosa S, Pereira P, Correia A, Gama F. Targetability of hyaluronic acid nanogel to cancer cells : In vitro and in vivo studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:102-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Schuster T, Mühlstein A, Yaghootfam C, Maksimenko O, Shipulo E, Gelperina S, Kreuter J, Gieselmann V, Matzner U. Potential of surfactant-coated nanoparticles to improve brain delivery of arylsulfatase A. J Control Release 2017; 253:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Peres C, Matos AI, Conniot J, Sainz V, Zupančič E, Silva JM, Graça L, Sá Gaspar R, Préat V, Florindo HF. Poly(lactic acid)-based particulate systems are promising tools for immune modulation. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:41-57. [PMID: 27826003 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most successful and versatile polymers explored for controlled delivery of bioactive molecules. Its attractive properties of biodegradability and biocompatibility in vivo have contributed in a meaningful way to the approval of different products by the FDA and EMA for a wide range of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, in the past two decades. This polymer has been widely used for the preparation of particles as delivery systems of several therapeutic molecules, including vaccines. These PLA vaccine carriers have shown to induce a sustained and targeted release of different bacterial, viral and tumor-associated antigens and adjuvants in vivo, triggering distinct immune responses. The present review intends to highlight and discuss the major advantages of PLA as a promising polymer for the development of potent vaccine delivery systems against pathogens and cancer. It aims to provide a critical discussion based on preclinical data to better understand the major effect of PLA-based carrier properties on their interaction with immune cells and thus their role in the modulation of host immunity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE During the last decades, vaccination has had a great impact on global health with the control of many severe diseases. Polymeric nanosystems have emerged as promising strategies to stabilize vaccine antigens, promoting their controlled release to phagocytic cells, thus avoiding the need for multiple administrations. One of the most promising polymers are the aliphatic polyesters, which include the poly(lactic acid). This is a highly versatile biodegradable and biocompatible polymer. Products containing this polymer have already been approved for all food and some biomedical applications. Despite all favorable characteristics presented above, PLA has been less intensively discussed than other polymers, such as its copolymer PLGA, including regarding its application in vaccination and particularly in tumor immunotherapy. The present review discusses the major advantages of poly(lactic acid) for the development of potent vaccine delivery systems, providing a critical view on the main properties that determine their effect on the modulation of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Peres
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana I Matos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Conniot
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Emergent Macromolecular Therapies, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Sainz
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Emergent Macromolecular Therapies, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Eva Zupančič
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana M Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luís Graça
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rogério Sá Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Véronique Préat
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helena F Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Narayanan G, Vernekar VN, Kuyinu EL, Laurencin CT. Poly (lactic acid)-based biomaterials for orthopaedic regenerative engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 107:247-276. [PMID: 27125191 PMCID: PMC5482531 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative engineering converges tissue engineering, advanced materials science, stem cell science, and developmental biology to regenerate complex tissues such as whole limbs. Regenerative engineering scaffolds provide mechanical support and nanoscale control over architecture, topography, and biochemical cues to influence cellular outcome. In this regard, poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-based biomaterials may be considered as a gold standard for many orthopaedic regenerative engineering applications because of their versatility in fabrication, biodegradability, and compatibility with biomolecules and cells. Here we discuss recent developments in PLA-based biomaterials with respect to processability and current applications in the clinical and research settings for bone, ligament, meniscus, and cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Narayanan
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Varadraj N Vernekar
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Emmanuel L Kuyinu
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Englert C, Trützschler AK, Raasch M, Bus T, Borchers P, Mosig AS, Traeger A, Schubert US. Crossing the blood-brain barrier: Glutathione-conjugated poly(ethylene imine) for gene delivery. J Control Release 2016; 241:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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18
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Steinmetz HP, Rudnick-Glick S, Natan M, Banin E, Margel S. Graft polymerization of styryl bisphosphonate monomer onto polypropylene films for inhibition of biofilm formation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 147:300-306. [PMID: 27543691 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There has been increased concern during the past few decades over the role bacterial biofilms play in causing a variety of health problems, especially since they exhibit a high degree of resistance to antibiotics and are able to survive in hostile environments. Biofilms consist of bacterial aggregates enveloped by a self-produced matrix attached to the surface. Ca(2+) ions promote the formation of biofilms, and enhance their stability, viscosity, and strength. Bisphosphonates exhibit a high affinity for Ca(2+) ions, and may inhibit the formation of biofilms by acting as sequestering agents for Ca(2+) ions. Although the antibacterial activity of bisphosphonates is well known, research into their anti-biofilm behavior is still in its early stages. In this study, we describe the synthesis of a new thin coating composed of poly(styryl bisphosphonate) grafted onto oxidized polypropylene films for anti-biofilm applications. This grafting process was performed by graft polymerization of styryl bisphosphonate vinylic monomer onto O2 plasma-treated polypropylene films. The surface modification of the polypropylene films was confirmed using surface measurements, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and water contact angle goniometry. Significant inhibition of biofilm formation was achieved for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna P Steinmetz
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
| | - Safra Rudnick-Glick
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
| | - Michal Natan
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
| | - Ehud Banin
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
| | - Shlomo Margel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
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19
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Diou O, Brûlet A, Pehau-Arnaudet G, Morvan E, Berti R, Astafyeva K, Taulier N, Fattal E, Tsapis N. PEGylated nanocapsules of perfluorooctyl bromide: Mechanism of formation, influence of polymer concentration on morphology and mechanical properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:762-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Acharya SR, Reddy PR. Brain targeted delivery of paclitaxel using endogenous ligand. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2015.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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21
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Cruz LJ, Stammes MA, Que I, van Beek ER, Knol-Blankevoort VT, Snoeks TJ, Chan A, Kaijzel EL, Löwik CW. Effect of PLGA NP size on efficiency to target traumatic brain injury. J Control Release 2016; 223:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Raval N, Mistry T, Acharya N, Acharya S. Development of glutathione-conjugated asiatic acid-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles for brain-targeted drug delivery. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:1503-11. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Asiatic acid, a well-known plant-based neuroprotective pentacyclic triterpenoid, has major limitation for its bioavailability in the brain. The objective of this study is to develop novel bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles coupled with glutathione (natural tripeptide) to enhance drug delivery to brain.
Methods
Asiatic acid-loaded BSA nanoparticles were prepared by using modified desolvation technique. Conjugation of glutathione with asiatic acid-loaded BSA nanoparticle was done by carbodiimide reaction using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC). In-vivo biodistribution study of asiatic acid solution, and conjugated and unconjugated asiatic acid-loaded BSA nanoparticles, at the dose equivalent to 75 mg/kg was evaluated, through intravenous administration to Wistar rats. Asiatic acid has very weak chromophore so high-pressure liquid chromatography-based novel pre-derivatization method was developed using p-toluidine as a coupling agent to improve sensitivity.
Key findings
The results showed 10-fold more bioavailability of asiatic acid in the brain after 5 h with glutathione-conjugated asiatic acid-loaded BSA nanoparticles as compared with asiatic acid solution with 627.21% drug targeting efficiency to the brain.
Conclusion
The present investigation demonstrated enhanced delivery of asiatic acid using glutathione and hence served as a potential ligand to improve brain targeting efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisith Raval
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Tejas Mistry
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Niyati Acharya
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjeev Acharya
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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23
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Pellis A, Acero EH, Weber H, Obersriebnig M, Breinbauer R, Srebotnik E, Guebitz GM. Biocatalyzed approach for the surface functionalization of poly(L‐lactic acid) films using hydrolytic enzymes. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1739-49. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pellis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Tulln, Austria
| | | | - Hansjoerg Weber
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Obersriebnig
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources, Tulln, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz, Austria
| | - Ewald Srebotnik
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg M. Guebitz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Tulln, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
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24
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Belletti D, Tosi G, Riva G, Lagreca I, Galliania M, Luppi M, Vandelli MA, Forni F, Ruozi B. Nutlin-3 loaded nanocarriers: Preparation, characterization and in vitro antineoplastic effect against primary effusion lymphoma. Int J Pharm 2015; 490:85-93. [PMID: 25987470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, Nutlin-3 (Nut3), a novel antitumor drug with low water solubility (<0.1mg/L at 25°C), was loaded into liposomes (Lipo-Nut3), polymeric nanoparticles (NPs-Nut3) and nanoparticles engineered with an antibody direct against Syndecan-1/CD 138 (Syn-NPs-Nut3) to obtain carriers targeted to PEL (primary effusion lymphoma). The physicochemical properties of these carriers were determined. Atomic force microscopy showed that all the particles were well formed and spherical in shape. The presence of the antibody on surface led to a significant increase of mean diameter (280 ± 63 nm), PDI (0.3) and the shift of zeta potential towards neutrality (-1 mV). The entrapment efficiency of Lipo-Nut3, NPs-Nut3 and Syn-NPs-Nut3 was 30, 52 and 29%, and drug loading was 1.4, 4.5 and 2.6%, respectively. By performing cytofluorimetric analyses and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay, the efficacy of nanocarriers to deliver the antineoplastic drug into a PEL cell line namely BCBL-1 (immortalized body cavity B-cell lymphoma) was investigated. Two days after the treatment with 20 μM of Syn-NPs-Nut3, the cell density decreased at about 60% while the cell viability decreased at 56% only 5 days after transfection, when compared with untreated cells. A cell cycle arrest was observed with a significant decrease of cells in S-phase and increasing of apoptotic cell, if compared with untreated control. These results confirms the potential of nanocarriers approaches to deliver antitumor drug with unfavorable chemico-physical properties. Moreover, this study strongly suggests that Syn-NPs-Nut3 can be a valuable drug carrier system for the treatment of PEL lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Belletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - G Tosi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - G Riva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Hematology Unit, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - I Lagreca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Hematology Unit, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - M Galliania
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - M Luppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Hematology Unit, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - M A Vandelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - F Forni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - B Ruozi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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25
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Sulaiman S, Mokhtar MN, Naim MN, Baharuddin AS, Sulaiman A. A Review: Potential Usage of Cellulose Nanofibers (CNF) for Enzyme Immobilization via Covalent Interactions. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1817-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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27
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Release behavior and antibiofilm activity of usnic acid-loaded carboxylated poly(l-lactide) microparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:415-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Amphiphilic chitosan-grafted-functionalized polylactic acid based nanoparticles as a delivery system for doxorubicin and temozolomide co-therapy. Int J Pharm 2014; 474:134-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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29
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Preparation of stable micropatterns of gold on cell-adhesion-resistant hydrogels assisted by a hetero-bifunctional macromonomer linker. Sci China Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-5057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Mishra BJ, Kaul A, Trivedi P. l-Cysteine conjugated polyl-lactide nanoparticles containing 5-fluorouracil: formulation, characterization, release and uptake by tissuesin vivo. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:214-22. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.883117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Karra N, Nassar T, Ripin AN, Schwob O, Borlak J, Benita S. Antibody conjugated PLGA nanoparticles for targeted delivery of paclitaxel palmitate: efficacy and biofate in a lung cancer mouse model. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:4221-4236. [PMID: 23873835 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant signaling of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is common to a variety of human cancers and is also found to be over-expressed in most cases of non-small cell lung cancer. For the development of a molecularly targeted therapy, cetuximab-conjugated nanoparticles (immunonanoparticles, INPs) are designed and loaded with the lipophilic paclitaxel palmitate (pcpl) prodrug. Oleyl cysteineamide (OCA) is synthesized whereby its amphiphilic nature enables interfacial anchoring and thiol surface functionalization of PLGA NPs, facilitating bioconjugation to cetuximab by thioether bonds. It is demonstrated that the in vitro targeting efficiency and improved cellular internalization and cytotoxicity of this targeted delivery system in lung cancer cells over-expressing EGFR. A quantitative measure of the high binding affinity of INPs to EGFR is demonstrated using surface plasmon resonance. In vivo tolerability and enhanced efficacy of cetuximab pcpl INPs in a metastatic lung cancer model are reported. Its therapeutic efficacy in A549-luc-C8 lung tumors is shown using non-invasive bioluminescent imaging. Intravenous administration of cetuximab pcpl INPs to mice results in significantly higher inhibition of tumor growth and increased survival rates as compared to the non-targeted drug solution, drug-loaded nanoparticles or blank INPs. Pharmacokinetics and organ biodistribution of the prodrug and parent drug are evaluated by LC-MS/MS in lung tumor bearing mice. No enhanced total accumulation of nanoparticles or INPs is found at the tumor tissue. However, persistent pcpl levels with sustained conversion and release of paclitaxel are observed for the encapsulated prodrug possibly suggesting the formation of a drug reservoir. The overall results indicate the potential of this promising targeted platform for the improved treatment of lung cancer and other EGFR positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Karra
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12065, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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32
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del Castillo T, Marales-Sanfrutos J, Santoyo-González F, Magez S, Lopez-Jaramillo FJ, Garcia-Salcedo JA. Monovinyl sulfone β-cyclodextrin. A flexible drug carrier system. ChemMedChem 2013; 9:383-9. [PMID: 24339407 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins have been conjugated to target various receptors and have also been functionalized with carbohydrates for targeting specific organs. However, this approach is based on a rigid design that implies the ad hoc synthesis of each cyclodextrin-targeting agent conjugate. We hypothesized that: 1)a modular design that decouples the carrier function from the targeting function leads to a flexible system, 2) combining the reactivity of the vinyl sulfone group toward biomolecules that act as targeting agents with the ability of cyclodextrin to form complexes with a wide range of drugs may yield a versatile system that allows the targeting of different organs with different drugs, and 3) the higher reactivity of histidine residues toward the vinyl sulfone group can be exploited to couple the cyclodextrin to the targeting system with a degree of regioselectivity. As a proof of concept, we synthesized a monovinyl sulfone β-cyclodextrin (module responsible for the payload), which, after coupling to recombinant antibody fragments raised against Trypanosoma brucei (module responsible for targeting) and loading with nitrofurazone (module responsible for therapeutic action) resulted in an effective delivery system that targets the surface of the parasites and shows trypanocidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa del Castillo
- Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias de Granada, FIBAO, Granada (Spain); Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada (Spain)
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33
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Jing L, Liang X, Li X, Yang Y, Dai Z. Covalent attachment of Mn-porphyrin onto doxorubicin-loaded poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for potential magnetic resonance imaging and pH-sensitive drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:9434-41. [PMID: 23962645 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, theranostic nanoparticles (MnP-DOX NPs) were fabricated by conjugating Mn-porphyrin onto the surface of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (DOX NPs) for potential T1 magnetic resonance imaging and pH-sensitive drug delivery. An in vitro drug release study showed that the release rate of DOX from MnP-DOX NPs was slow at neutral pH but accelerated significantly in acidic conditions. It was found that MnP-DOX NPs could be easily internalized by HeLa cells and effectively suppressed the growth of HeLa cells and HT-29 cells due to the accelerated drug release in acidic lysosomal compartments. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning analysis demonstrated that MnP-DOX NPs had much higher longitudinal relaxivity in water (r1 value of 27.8 mM(-1) s(-1) of Mn(3+)) than Mn-porphyrin (Mn(III)TPPS3NH2; r1 value of 6.70 mM(-1) s(-1) of Mn(3+)), behaving as an excellent contrast agent for T1-weighted MRI both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, such a smart and promising nanoplatform integrates multiple capabilities for effective cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Jing
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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34
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Orozco VH, Palacio J, Sierra J, López BL. Increased covalent conjugation of a model antigen to poly(lactic acid)-g-maleic anhydride nanoparticles compared to bare poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-3023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Patel PJ, Acharya NS, Acharya SR. Development and characterization of glutathione-conjugated albumin nanoparticles for improved brain delivery of hydrophilic fluorescent marker. Drug Deliv 2013; 20:143-55. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.801050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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36
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Voltan R, Secchiero P, Ruozi B, Forni F, Agostinis C, Caruso L, Vandelli MA, Zauli G. Nanoparticles Engineered with Rituximab and Loaded with Nutlin-3 Show Promising Therapeutic Activity in B-Leukemic Xenografts. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3871-80. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Miralles G, Verdié P, Puget K, Maurras A, Martinez J, Subra G. Microwave-mediated reduction of disulfide bridges with supported (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) as resin-bound reducing agent. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2013; 15:169-73. [PMID: 23438263 DOI: 10.1021/co300104k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and use of a new supported reagent consisting in tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) immobilized on hydrophilic PEG based resin beads. Used in conjunction with a 5 min microwave (MW) irradiation, "supported TCEP" reduced disulfide bridges in free thiols in peptides having two or more cysteine residues. Separation of reaction products from reducing agent was easily performed by simple filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Miralles
- Institut des
Biomolécules
Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, 15 avenue
Charles Flahault 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Verdié
- Institut des
Biomolécules
Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, 15 avenue
Charles Flahault 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Puget
- Genepep SA, Les Coteaux
Saint Roch, 12 Rue du Fer à Cheval, 34430 St
Jean de Védas, France
| | - Amélie Maurras
- Genepep SA, Les Coteaux
Saint Roch, 12 Rue du Fer à Cheval, 34430 St
Jean de Védas, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des
Biomolécules
Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, 15 avenue
Charles Flahault 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Subra
- Institut des
Biomolécules
Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, 15 avenue
Charles Flahault 34000 Montpellier, France
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38
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Delie F, Petignat P, Cohen M. GRP78-targeted nanotherapy against castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells expressing membrane GRP78. Target Oncol 2012; 8:225-30. [PMID: 23090204 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-012-0234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78, GRP78, is a chaperone protein mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of normal cells. In stress conditions, GRP78 is overexpressed and in different cancer cell types, it is expressed at the cell surface, whereas it stays intracellular in non-cancerous cells. Therefore, it appears as a strategic target to recognize malignant cells. Prostate cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers in men. The development of castrate resistant tumors and the resistance to chemotherapy frequently occur. The carboxy-terminal ER retention domain is defined by the KDEL amino acid sequence. We developed anti-KDEL functionalized polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with paclitaxel (Tx) to specifically target prostate cancer cells expressing GRP78. The sensitivity to Tx in different formulations was compared in three prostate cell lines: PNT1B, a normal cell line, PC3, a cancer cell line faintly expressing GRP78 at its surface, and DU145, a cancer cell line expressing GRP78 at its cell surface. Our results show that the targeted formulation significantly increases Tx sensitivity of cell line expressing GRP78 at its surface compared to other treatments suggesting the added value of GRP78 targeted therapy for castrate resistant tumor which expresses GRP78 at its cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Delie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Li J, Kong M, Cheng XJ, Dang QF, Zhou X, Wei YN, Chen XG. Preparation of biocompatible chitosan grafted poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:221-7. [PMID: 22609681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan grafted poly(lactic acid) (CS-g-PLA) copolymer was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and elemental analysis. The degree of poly(lactic acid) substitution on chitosan was 1.90 ± 0.04%. The critical aggregation concentration of CS-g-PLA in distilled water was 0.17 mg/ml. Three methods of preparing CS-g-PLA nanoparticles (diafiltration method, ultrasonication method and diafiltration combined with ultrasonication method) were investigated and their effect was compared. Of the three methods, diafiltration combined with ultrasonication method produced nanoparticles with optimal property in terms of size and morphology, with size ranging from 133 to 352 nm and zeta potential from 36 to 43 mV. Also, the hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity of the CS-g-PLA based nanoparticles was tested, and results showed low hemolysis rate (<5%) and no significant cytotoxicity effect of these nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
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40
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Diou O, Tsapis N, Giraudeau C, Valette J, Gueutin C, Bourasset F, Zanna S, Vauthier C, Fattal E. Long-circulating perfluorooctyl bromide nanocapsules for tumor imaging by 19FMRI. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5593-602. [PMID: 22575831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PLGA-PEG nanocapsules containing a liquid core of perfluorooctyl bromide were synthesized by an emulsion-evaporation process and designed as contrast agents for (19)F MRI. Physico-chemical properties of plain and PEGylated nanocapsules were compared. The encapsulation efficiency of PFOB, estimated by (19)F NMR spectroscopy, is enhanced when using PLGA-PEG instead of PLGA. PLGA-PEG nanocapsule diameter, measured by Dynamic Light Scattering is around 120 nm, in agreement with Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM) observations. TEM and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) reveal that spherical core-shell morphology is preserved. PEGylation is further confirmed by Zeta potential measurements and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. In vitro, stealthiness of the PEGylated nanocapsules is evidenced by weak complement activation. Accumulation kinetics in the liver and the spleen was performed by (19)F MRI in mice, during the first 90 min after intravenous injection. In the liver, plain nanocapsules accumulate faster than their PEGylated counterparts. We observe PEGylated nanocapsule accumulation in CT26 xenograft tumor 7 h after administration to mice, whereas plain nanocapsules remain undetectable, using (19)F MRI. Our results validate the use of diblock copolymers for PEGylation to increase the residence time of nanocapsules in the blood stream and to reach tumors by the Enhanced Permeation and Retention (EPR) effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Diou
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, LabEx LERMIT, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Tosi G, Badiali L, Ruozi B, Vergoni AV, Bondioli L, Ferrari A, Rivasi F, Forni F, Vandelli MA. Can leptin-derived sequence-modified nanoparticles be suitable tools for brain delivery? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:365-82. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In order to increase the knowledge on the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in brain targeting, this article describes the conjugation of the sequence 12–32 (g21) of leptin to poly-lactide-co-glycolide NPs. The capability of these modified NPs to reach the brain was evaluated in rats after intravenous administration. Materials & Methods: The g21 was linked on the surface of NPs labeled with tetramethylrhodamine by means of the Avidin-Biotin technology. The g21-labeled NPs were injected into the tail vein of rats and, after animal sacrifice, the brain localization was evaluated by confocal microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. Studies to evaluate the biodistribution of the g21-modified NPs in comparison to the unmodified NPs were also carried out. Moreover, to confirm the absence of any anorectic effect of g21 linked on the surface of NPs, appropriate studies were used to assess the rats. Results: After intravenous administration, the g21-modified NPs were able to cross the blood–brain barrier and to enter the brain parenchyma. The biodistribution studies of both unmodified and modified NPs pointed out an uptake at liver and spleen level, whereas only the g21-modified NPs showed brain localization. The food-intake experiments pointed out that the intravenous administration of g21 conjugated to the NP surface did not produce any anorectic effect in the rats. Conclusion: g21-modified NPs were able to cross the blood–brain barrier. These new modified NPs could be effectively considered as useful carrier systems for brain drug delivery. Original submitted: 27/11/2010; Revised submitted: 09/03/2011
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tosi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Badiali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Valeria Vergoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Bondioli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrari
- Department of Diagnostic Services, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Rivasi
- Department of Morphological Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41000 Modena, Italy
| | - Flavio Forni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy
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Li J, Kong M, Cheng XJ, Li JJ, Liu WF, Chen XG. A facile method for preparing biodegradable chitosan derivatives with low grafting degree of poly(lactic acid). Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:1016-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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The loading of labelled antibody-engineered nanoparticles with Indinavir increases its in vitro efficacy against Cryptosporidium parvum. Parasitology 2011; 138:1384-91. [PMID: 21819637 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182011001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is much evidence to indicate the ability of Indinavir (IND) to reduce Cryptosporidium parvum infection in both in vitro and in vivo models. However, there are limitations to the administration of IND as such, due to its renal toxicity and the high rate of metabolism and degradation. We aimed to encapsulate IND in biodegradable poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (Np) and to engineer their surface by conjugation with an anti-Cryptosporidium IgG polyclonal antibody (Ab). Tetramethylrhodamine-labelled Np were loaded with IND and modified by conjugation with an Ab. The IND-loaded modified Np (Ab-TMR-IND-Np) did not show any change, as demonstrated by chemical analysis studies. Simultaneous addition of 50μM Ab-TMR-IND-Np and excysted oocysts to the cell culture resulted in complete inhibition of the infection. In C. parvum-infected cells, the extent to which the infection decreased depended on the duration of treatment with the Ab-TMR-IND-Np. The antibody-engineered Np loaded with IND were able to target C. parvum in infected cells and therefore might represent a novel therapeutic strategy against Cryptosporidium sp. infection. Moreover, the use of Np as an IND delivery device, allows the development of a more appropriate dose formulation thereby reducing the IND side effects.
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Thamake SI, Raut SL, Ranjan AP, Gryczynski Z, Vishwanatha JK. Surface functionalization of PLGA nanoparticles by non-covalent insertion of a homo-bifunctional spacer for active targeting in cancer therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:035101. [PMID: 21149963 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/3/035101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the surface functionalization of polymeric PLGA nanoparticles by non-covalent insertion of a homo-bifunctional chemical crosslinker, bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS3) for targeted cancer therapy. We dissolved BS3 in aqueous solution of PVA during formulation of nanoparticles by a modified solid/oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation method. The non-covalent insertion of BS3 was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Curcumin and annexin A2 were used as a model drug and a cell specific target, respectively. Nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, zeta potential and surface morphology. The qualitative assessment of antibody attachment was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as confocal microscopy. The optimized formulation showed antibody attachment of 86%. However, antibody attachment was abolished upon blocking the functional groups of BS3. The availability of functional antibodies was evaluated by the presence of a light chain fraction after gel electrophoresis. We further evaluated the in vitro release kinetics of curcumin from antibody coated and uncoated nanoparticles. The release of curcumin is enhanced upon antibody attachment and followed an anomalous release pattern. We also observed that the cellular uptake of nanoparticles was significantly higher in annexin A2 positive cells than in negative cells. Therefore, these results demonstrate the potential use of this method for functionalization as well as to deliver chemotherapeutic agents for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Thamake
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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SURFACE MULTI-BIOFUNCTIONALIZATION OF PLA SUBMICRON PARTICLES COATED WITH AMPHIPHILIC DEXTRAN DERIVATES. ACTA POLYM SIN 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2006.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Díaz-López R, Tsapis N, Santin M, Bridal SL, Nicolas V, Jaillard D, Libong D, Chaminade P, Marsaud V, Vauthier C, Fattal E. The performance of PEGylated nanocapsules of perfluorooctyl bromide as an ultrasound contrast agent. Biomaterials 2009; 31:1723-31. [PMID: 19948357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The surface of polymeric nanocapsules used as ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) was modified with PEGylated phospholipids in order to escape recognition and clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system and achieve passive tumor targeting. Nanocapsules consisted of a shell of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) encapsulating a liquid core of perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB). They were decorated with poly(ethylene glycol-2000)-grafted distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE-PEG) incorporated in the organic phase before the solvent emulsification-evaporation process. The influence of DSPE-PEG concentration on nanocapsule size, surface charge, morphology, hydrophobicity and complement activation was evaluated. Zeta potential measurements, Hydrophobic interaction chromatography and complement activation provide evidence of DSPE-PEG presence at nanocapsule surface. Electronic microscopy reveals that the core/shell structure is preserved up to 2.64 mg of DSPE-PEG for 100 mg PLGA. In vivo ultrasound imaging was performed in mice bearing xenograft tumor with MIA PaCa-2 cells, either after an intra-tumoral or intravenous injection of nanocapsules. Tumor was observed only after the intra-tumoral injection. Despite the absence of echogenic signal in the tumor after intravenous injection of nanocapsules, histological analysis reveals their accumulation within the tumor tissue demonstrating that tissue distribution is not the unique property required for ultrasound contrast agents to be efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Díaz-López
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, IFR 141, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Iha RK, Wooley KL, Nyström AM, Burke DJ, Kade MJ, Hawker CJ. Applications of orthogonal "click" chemistries in the synthesis of functional soft materials. Chem Rev 2009; 109:5620-86. [PMID: 19905010 PMCID: PMC3165017 DOI: 10.1021/cr900138t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1174] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon K. Iha
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842
| | - Andreas M. Nyström
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology CCK, R8:03 Karolinska Hospital and Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel J. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Materials, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Matthew J. Kade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Materials, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Materials, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Leonor IB, Balas F, Kawashita M, Reis RL, Kokubo T, Nakamura T. Biomimetic apatite deposition on polymeric microspheres treated with a calcium silicate solution. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 91:239-47. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Nanomedicines for active targeting: Physico-chemical characterization of paclitaxel-loaded anti-HER2 immunonanoparticles and in vitro functional studies on target cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 38:230-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tayalia P, Mooney DJ. Controlled growth factor delivery for tissue engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2009; 21:3269-3285. [PMID: 20882497 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200900241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors play a crucial role in information transfer between cells and their microenvironment in tissue engineering and regeneration. They initiate their action by binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells and the chemical identity, concentration, duration, and context of these growth factors contain information that dictates cell fate. Hence, the importance of exogenous delivery of these molecules in tissue engineering is unsurprising, considering their importance for tissue regeneration. However, the short half-lives of growth factors, their relatively large size, slow tissue penetration, and their potential toxicity at high systemic levels, suggest that conventional routes of administration are unlikely to be effective. In this review, we provide an overview of the design criteria for growth factor delivery vehicles with respect to the growth factor itself and the microenvironment for delivery. We discuss various methodologies that could be adopted to achieve this localized delivery, and strategies using polymers as delivery vehicles in particular.
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