1
|
Cheong HSJ, Boone KN, Bennett MM, Salman F, Ralston JD, Hatch K, Allen RF, Phelps AM, Cook AP, Phelps JS, Erginkaya M, Lee WCA, Card GM, Daly KC, Dacks AM. Organization of an ascending circuit that conveys flight motor state in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1059-1075.e5. [PMID: 38402616 PMCID: PMC10939832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Natural behaviors are a coordinated symphony of motor acts that drive reafferent (self-induced) sensory activation. Individual sensors cannot disambiguate exafferent (externally induced) from reafferent sources. Nevertheless, animals readily differentiate between these sources of sensory signals to carry out adaptive behaviors through corollary discharge circuits (CDCs), which provide predictive motor signals from motor pathways to sensory processing and other motor pathways. Yet, how CDCs comprehensively integrate into the nervous system remains unexplored. Here, we use connectomics, neuroanatomical, physiological, and behavioral approaches to resolve the network architecture of two pairs of ascending histaminergic neurons (AHNs) in Drosophila, which function as a predictive CDC in other insects. Both AHN pairs receive input primarily from a partially overlapping population of descending neurons, especially from DNg02, which controls wing motor output. Using Ca2+ imaging and behavioral recordings, we show that AHN activation is correlated to flight behavior and precedes wing motion. Optogenetic activation of DNg02 is sufficient to activate AHNs, indicating that AHNs are activated by descending commands in advance of behavior and not as a consequence of sensory input. Downstream, each AHN pair targets predominantly non-overlapping networks, including those that process visual, auditory, and mechanosensory information, as well as networks controlling wing, haltere, and leg sensorimotor control. These results support the conclusion that the AHNs provide a predictive motor signal about wing motor state to mostly non-overlapping sensory and motor networks. Future work will determine how AHN signaling is driven by other descending neurons and interpreted by AHN downstream targets to maintain adaptive sensorimotor performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han S J Cheong
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kaitlyn N Boone
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Marryn M Bennett
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Farzaan Salman
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Jacob D Ralston
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Kaleb Hatch
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Raven F Allen
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Alec M Phelps
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Andrew P Cook
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Jasper S Phelps
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mert Erginkaya
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Wei-Chung A Lee
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gwyneth M Card
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kevin C Daly
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Andrew M Dacks
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheong HSJ, Boone KN, Bennett MM, Salman F, Ralston JD, Hatch K, Allen RF, Phelps AM, Cook AP, Phelps JS, Erginkaya M, Lee WCA, Card GM, Daly KC, Dacks AM. Organization of an Ascending Circuit that Conveys Flight Motor State. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.07.544074. [PMID: 37333334 PMCID: PMC10274802 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.07.544074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Natural behaviors are a coordinated symphony of motor acts which drive self-induced or reafferent sensory activation. Single sensors only signal presence and magnitude of a sensory cue; they cannot disambiguate exafferent (externally-induced) from reafferent sources. Nevertheless, animals readily differentiate between these sources of sensory signals to make appropriate decisions and initiate adaptive behavioral outcomes. This is mediated by predictive motor signaling mechanisms, which emanate from motor control pathways to sensory processing pathways, but how predictive motor signaling circuits function at the cellular and synaptic level is poorly understood. We use a variety of techniques, including connectomics from both male and female electron microscopy volumes, transcriptomics, neuroanatomical, physiological and behavioral approaches to resolve the network architecture of two pairs of ascending histaminergic neurons (AHNs), which putatively provide predictive motor signals to several sensory and motor neuropil. Both AHN pairs receive input primarily from an overlapping population of descending neurons, many of which drive wing motor output. The two AHN pairs target almost exclusively non-overlapping downstream neural networks including those that process visual, auditory and mechanosensory information as well as networks coordinating wing, haltere, and leg motor output. These results support the conclusion that the AHN pairs multi-task, integrating a large amount of common input, then tile their output in the brain, providing predictive motor signals to non-overlapping sensory networks affecting motor control both directly and indirectly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han S. J. Cheong
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn N. Boone
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Marryn M. Bennett
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Farzaan Salman
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Jacob D. Ralston
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Kaleb Hatch
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Raven F. Allen
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Alec M. Phelps
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Cook
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Jasper S. Phelps
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Mert Erginkaya
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Wei-Chung A. Lee
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Gwyneth M. Card
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, United States of America
- Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Kevin C. Daly
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Dacks
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beetz MJ, Hechavarría JC, Kössl M. Cortical neurons of bats respond best to echoes from nearest targets when listening to natural biosonar multi-echo streams. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35991. [PMID: 27786252 PMCID: PMC5081524 DOI: 10.1038/srep35991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats orientate in darkness by listening to echoes from their biosonar calls, a behaviour known as echolocation. Recent studies showed that cortical neurons respond in a highly selective manner when stimulated with natural echolocation sequences that contain echoes from single targets. However, it remains unknown how cortical neurons process echolocation sequences containing echo information from multiple objects. In the present study, we used echolocation sequences containing echoes from three, two or one object separated in the space depth as stimuli to study neuronal activity in the bat auditory cortex. Neuronal activity was recorded with multi-electrode arrays placed in the dorsal auditory cortex, where neurons tuned to target-distance are found. Our results show that target-distance encoding neurons are mostly selective to echoes coming from the closest object, and that the representation of echo information from distant objects is selectively suppressed. This suppression extends over a large part of the dorsal auditory cortex and may override possible parallel processing of multiple objects. The presented data suggest that global cortical suppression might establish a cortical "default mode" that allows selectively focusing on close obstacle even without active attention from the animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jerome Beetz
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Neurowissenschaft, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Julio C. Hechavarría
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Neurowissenschaft, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Manfred Kössl
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Neurowissenschaft, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/M., Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rabbitt RD, Clifford S, Breneman KD, Farrell B, Brownell WE. Power efficiency of outer hair cell somatic electromotility. PLoS Comput Biol 2009; 5:e1000444. [PMID: 19629162 PMCID: PMC2705677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) are fast biological motors that serve to enhance the vibration of the organ of Corti and increase the sensitivity of the inner ear to sound. Exactly how OHCs produce useful mechanical power at auditory frequencies, given their intrinsic biophysical properties, has been a subject of considerable debate. To address this we formulated a mathematical model of the OHC based on first principles and analyzed the power conversion efficiency in the frequency domain. The model includes a mixture-composite constitutive model of the active lateral wall and spatially distributed electro-mechanical fields. The analysis predicts that: 1) the peak power efficiency is likely to be tuned to a specific frequency, dependent upon OHC length, and this tuning may contribute to the place principle and frequency selectivity in the cochlea; 2) the OHC power output can be detuned and attenuated by increasing the basal conductance of the cell, a parameter likely controlled by the brain via the efferent system; and 3) power output efficiency is limited by mechanical properties of the load, thus suggesting that impedance of the organ of Corti may be matched regionally to the OHC. The high power efficiency, tuning, and efferent control of outer hair cells are the direct result of biophysical properties of the cells, thus providing the physical basis for the remarkable sensitivity and selectivity of hearing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Rabbitt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah Clifford
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Kathryn D. Breneman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Brenda Farrell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - William E. Brownell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Drexl M, Henke J, Kössl M. Isoflurane increases amplitude and incidence of evoked and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. Hear Res 2005; 194:135-42. [PMID: 15276684 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2004] [Accepted: 04/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The volatile anesthetic isoflurane was tested for its effect on cochlear function by means of measuring distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAE) in the mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii parnellii). Averaged growth functions of DPOAE and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions were assessed and compared between the control group (no isoflurane application) and the isoflurane group (application of isoflurane at vaporizer settings sof about 1.5-2%). Isoflurane significantly increases the DPOAE amplitude, e.g. at a primary tone level l2 of 40 dB SPL by 10.7 dB. Additionally, the incidence of SOAEs was highly increased during application of isoflurane. The sound-evoked efferent effect on the generation of otoacoustic emissions was significantly reduced in the isoflurane group. We suggest that isoflurane might affect the postsynaptic action of acetylcholine (ACh) released by the efferent terminals of outer hair cells (OHCs). This could lead to the observed decrease of efferent suppression and to a disinhibition of cochlear amplification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Drexl
- Department Biologie II der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Luisenstr. 14, D-80333, München, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wittekindt A, Drexl M, Kössl M. Cochlear sensitivity in the lesser spear-nosed bat, Phyllostomus discolor. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2004; 191:31-6. [PMID: 15378333 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-004-0564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Revised: 08/12/2004] [Accepted: 08/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral auditory thresholds of Phyllostomus discolor are characterized by two threshold minima separated by an insensitive region at about 55 kHz (Esser and Daucher 1996). To investigate whether these characteristics are due to cochlear properties, we recorded distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and calculated relative DPOAE threshold curves, which proved to be a good measure of cochlear sensitivity. Our results indicate that in P. discolor, cochlear sensitivity, as assessed by DPOAE recordings, does not show a threshold maximum at 55 kHz. The DPOAE threshold curves display an absolute minimum at approximately 30 kHz, and from that frequency region, the threshold continuously increases without any pronounced irregularities. The frequency tuning properties of the cochlea, as assessed by DPOAE suppression tuning curves (STCs) reveal broad filter bandwidths with Q10dB values between 3.4 and 10.7. There are no frequency-specific specializations of cochlear tuning. The characteristic pattern of subsequent threshold maxima and minima at high frequencies observed in behavioral studies seems to be shaped by transfer characteristics of the outer ear and/or neuronal processing in the ascending auditory pathway rather than by cochlear mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wittekindt
- Zoologisches Institut, J. W. Goethe Universität Frankfurt a. Main, Siesmayerstrasse 70, 60323 Frankfurt a. Main, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|