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Harahap U, Syahputra RA, Ahmed A, Nasution A, Wisely W, Sirait ML, Dalimunthe A, Zainalabidin S, Taslim NA, Nurkolis F, Kim B. Current insights and future perspectives of flavonoids: A promising antihypertensive approach. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3146-3168. [PMID: 38616386 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension, or high blood pressure (BP), is a complex disease influenced by various risk factors. It is characterized by persistent elevation of BP levels, typically exceeding 140/90 mmHg. Endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability play crucial roles in hypertension development. L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an analog of L-arginine, inhibits endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) enzymes, leading to decreased NO production and increased BP. Animal models exposed to L-NAME manifest hypertension, making it a useful design for studying the hypertension condition. Natural products have gained interest as alternative approaches for managing hypertension. Flavonoids, abundant in fruits, vegetables, and other plant sources, have potential cardiovascular benefits, including antihypertensive effects. Flavonoids have been extensively studied in cell cultures, animal models, and, to lesser extent, in human trials to evaluate their effectiveness against L-NAME-induced hypertension. This comprehensive review summarizes the antihypertensive activity of specific flavonoids, including quercetin, luteolin, rutin, troxerutin, apigenin, and chrysin, in L-NAME-induced hypertension models. Flavonoids possess antioxidant properties that mitigate oxidative stress, a major contributor to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. They enhance endothelial function by promoting NO bioavailability, vasodilation, and the preservation of vascular homeostasis. Flavonoids also modulate vasoactive factors involved in BP regulation, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and endothelin-1. Moreover, they exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, attenuating inflammation-mediated hypertension. This review provides compelling evidence for the antihypertensive potential of flavonoids against L-NAME-induced hypertension. Their multifaceted mechanisms of action suggest their ability to target multiple pathways involved in hypertension development. Nonetheless, the reviewed studies contribute to the evidence supporting the useful of flavonoids for hypertension prevention and treatment. In conclusion, flavonoids represent a promising class of natural compounds for combating hypertension. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource summarizing the current knowledge on the antihypertensive effects of specific flavonoids, facilitating further investigation and guiding the development of novel therapeutic strategies for hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urip Harahap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Amer Ahmed
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Azhari Nasution
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Wenny Wisely
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Maureen Lazurit Sirait
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Aminah Dalimunthe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Biomedical Science, Centre of Toxicology and Health Risk Study, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Victor PP, Narayanaswamy R, Kadry S, Gurunathan B. Identification of novel inhibitor against human phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase from phytochemicals of Citrus sinensis peel extract by in vitro and in silico approach. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1565-1581. [PMID: 36824047 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Kidney stone is a major global menace that demands research on nonsurgical treatment involving biological compounds for the benefit of the patients. Among the biological extracts, citric acid is traditionally used to dissolve kidney stones. The current research focuses on evaluating the in vitro anti-urolithiatic activity and in silico study of ethanolic extract of Citrus sinensis (ECS) peel against c: phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (PCYT). The diuretic activity was evaluated using in vitro model against the synthesized calcium oxalate crystals and cytotoxicity study in Madin-Darby canine kidney cell lines. The phytochemicals were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The interaction mechanism was studied using computational docking studies to confirm their involvement in the dissolution of calcium oxalate kidney stones. Further molecular properties, drug-likeness, ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), and toxicity analysis were followed for the ligands using software tools. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 6-octen-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, acetate (citronellyl acetate), 3',5'-dimethoxyacetophenone, and ethyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside showed good binding affinities against PCYT. Moreover, the docking studies showed the ligand 3',5'-dimethoxyacetophenone has the highest binding energy (-6.68 kcal/mol) for human CTP. The present investigation concludes that these compounds of C. sinensis peel extract compounds are responsible as novel inhibitors against human CTP and extend their use in the pharmaceutical drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seifedine Kadry
- Department of Applied Data Science, Noroff University College, Kristiansand, Norway
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Baskar Gurunathan
- Department of Applied Data Science, Noroff University College, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology, St Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, India
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Elghouizi A, Al-Waili N, Elmenyiy N, Elfetri S, Aboulghazi A, Al-Waili A, Lyoussi B. Protective effect of bee pollen in acute kidney injury, proteinuria, and crystalluria induced by ethylene glycol ingestion in rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8351. [PMID: 35589738 PMCID: PMC9120035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in hyperoxaluria-induced kidney injury and crystallization. Bee pollen is a hive product with a high content of antioxidants. The antioxidant content and protective effect of bee pollen extract (BPE) against ethylene glycol (EG) induced crystalluria, and acute kidney injury (AKI) were investigated. The effect of BPE on the EG-induced liver injury and proteinuria was also examined. Ten groups of male Wister rats were treated daily with vehicle, cystone, BPE (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg b.wt.), and group 6–9 treated with EG, EG + BPE (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg b.wt.) and group 10 EG + cystone. The dose of EG was 0.75% v/v, and the dose of cystone was 500 mg/kg b.wt. On day 30, blood and urine samples were collected for analysis. Kidneys were removed for histopathological study. The antioxidant activity of BPE was assessed, and its total phenols and flavonoids were determined. EG significantly increased urine parameters (pH, volume, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, and protein), blood urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes (P < 0.05). EG decreased creatinine clearance and urine magnesium and caused crystalluria. Treatment with BPE or cystone mitigates EG's effect; BPE was more potent than cystone (P < 0.05). BPE increases urine volume, sodium, and magnesium compared to the control and EG treated groups. BPE reduces proteinuria and prevents AKI, crystalluria, liver injury, and histopathological changes in the kidney tissue caused by EG. BPE might have a protective effect against EG-induced AKI, crystalluria, proteinuria, and stone deposition, most likely by its antioxidant content and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmae Elghouizi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Noori Al-Waili
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Queens, NY, 11418, USA.
| | - Nawal Elmenyiy
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Salma Elfetri
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abderrazak Aboulghazi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Al-Waili
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Queens, NY, 11418, USA
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco
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In Vivo Diuretic Activity of Hydromethanolic Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Root Bark of Clerodendrum myricoides Hochst. (Lamiaceae). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1718708. [PMID: 33376495 PMCID: PMC7746458 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1718708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clerodendrum myricoides (Lamiaceae) has been traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments, including body swelling and urine retention. The present study aimed to evaluate the diuretic activity of a crude extract and solvent fractions of the root bark of C. myricoides. Methodology. The coarsely powdered root bark of C. myricoides was extracted by a cold maceration method using 80% methanol. A portion of the extract was fractionated based on the polarity index of solvents to obtain chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions. To investigate the diuretic activity of the plant, rats were divided into fifteen groups. The normal control groups received either water or 2% tween 80, the standard group received furosemide (10 mg/kg), and the test groups were administered the hydromethanolic extract and solvent fractions at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg by the oral route. The urine volume, urine pH, urine, and serum electrolytes were determined and compared with the standard and normal control groups. RESULTS The crude hydromethanolic extract, ethyl acetate, and chloroform fractions induced significant diuresis at a dose of 400 mg/kg (P < 0.001) compared to the aqueous fraction. The hydromethanolic extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg also caused noticeable diuresis (P < 0.001) compared to the standard, furosemide. Rats treated with hydromethanolic extract, ethyl acetate, and chloroform fractions showed delayed onset and prolonged diuresis in a dose-dependent fashion compared to the aqueous fraction (P < 0.05). The hydromethanolic extract and solvent fractions produced the highest saliuretic and natriuretic index compared to the standard, furosemide. The crude hydromethanolic extract also failed to produce any sign of toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg. CONCLUSION From this study, the hydromethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of the root bark of C. myricoides produced a prominent diuretic effect in rats.
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Ghouizi AE, Menyiy NE, Falcão SI, Vilas-Boas M, Lyoussi B. Chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and diuretic effect of Moroccan fresh bee pollen in rats. Vet World 2020; 13:1251-1261. [PMID: 32848298 PMCID: PMC7429394 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1251-1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and diuretic effect of Moroccan aqueous extract of fresh bee pollen (AEFBP) in normal rats. Materials and Methods: The chemical composition of the extracted bioactive compounds was assessed using liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (LC/DAD/ESI-MSn). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and the reducing power were used to assess the antioxidant properties of the extract, together with the determination of total phenols and flavonoids. To assess the diuretic effect, 20 normal rats were divided into five groups: The first was a control group administered by distilled water (10 mL/kg body weight), the second group received furosemide (10 mg/kg body weight), the third group received 100 mg/kg body weight of AEFBP, the fourth group received 250 mg/kg body weight of AEFBP, and the fifth group received 500 mg/kg body weight of AEFBP for 30 days. Toward the end of this experiment, urine output was measured, and plasma and urine were sampled to analyze creatinine, potassium, chloride, and sodium levels. Results: N1,N5,N10-tri-p-coumaroylspermidine is a spermidine derivative and was the main compound in this sample, in a total of 19 compounds identified, including flavonoids, glucoside flavonoids, and methylated derivatives. Force feeding with the AEFBP induced a significant increase in urine output and urinary electrolyte levels with a dependent dose-effect without changes in plasma electrolytes, whereas furosemide decreased plasma potassium. Conclusion: Moroccan fresh bee pollen extract contains flavonols and spermidines that induce a potential antioxidant activity related to significant diuretic effect without changes in plasma composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmae El Ghouizi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30 000, Morocco
| | - Nawal El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30 000, Morocco
| | - Soraia I Falcão
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Miguel Vilas-Boas
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30 000, Morocco
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Imtara H, Al-Waili N, Bakour M, Al-Waili W, Lyoussi B. Evaluation of antioxidant, diuretic, and wound healing effect of Tulkarm honey and its effect on kidney function in rats. Vet World 2018; 11:1491-1499. [PMID: 30532507 PMCID: PMC6247886 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1491-1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The composition and activity of honey depend on its floral origin. Honey collected from Tulkarm was evaluated for physicochemical property and antioxidant content as well as a diuretic and wound healing activity. Its effect on kidney function was evaluated and compared with furosemide. MATERIALS AND METHODS Honey was collected in Tulkarm, Palestine, and its phenol, flavones, and flavonol content were assessed. The antioxidant activity was determined with the use of colorimetric assays, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). Two sets of experiments were conducted. First experiment: 18 rats were used for the evaluation of diuretic activity of honey. The rats received either honey or furosemide. Renal function test, uric acid, and serum and urine electrolytes assay were performed. Second experiment: 18 male mice were used to evaluate the wound healing property of honey. Wounds were created on mice skin and treated daily with honey or Madecassol. Measurements of wounds were performed over a period of 12 days. RESULTS The physical and chemical parameters of Tulkarm honey are within the limits of the European legislation and fulfilling the criteria described in the standard codex for honey. It contains antioxidant compounds and shows antioxidant activity. Oral honey increased creatinine clearance and urine volume, sodium, and chloride without causing hypokalemia or affecting blood urea, uric acid, or serum creatinine level. The diuretic activity of furosemide was associated with hypokalemia. Topical honey application enhanced wound closure when compared with the Madecassol application. CONCLUSION The study is the first to report that honey collected from Tulkarm has a considerable diuretic effect without affecting serum electrolytes or kidney function test and exhibits strong antioxidant activity and wound healing property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada Imtara
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences, Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco
| | - Noori Al-Waili
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, NY Medical Care for Nephrology, New York, USA
| | - Meryem Bakour
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences, Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco
| | - Wail Al-Waili
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, NY Medical Care for Nephrology, New York, USA
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences, Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco
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Sándor Z, Mottaghipisheh J, Veres K, Hohmann J, Bencsik T, Horváth A, Kelemen D, Papp R, Barthó L, Csupor D. Evidence Supports Tradition: The in Vitro Effects of Roman Chamomile on Smooth Muscles. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:323. [PMID: 29681854 PMCID: PMC5897738 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dried flowers of Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. have been used in traditional medicine for different conditions related to the spasm of the gastrointestinal system. However, there have been no experimental studies to support the smooth muscle relaxant effect of this plant. The aim of our research was to assess the effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Roman chamomile, its fractions, four of its flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin, hispidulin, and eupafolin), and its essential oil on smooth muscles. The phytochemical compositions of the extract and its fractions were characterized and quantified by HPLC-DAD, the essential oil was characterized by GC and GC-MS. Neuronally mediated and smooth muscle effects were tested in isolated organ bath experiments on guinea pig, rat, and human smooth muscle preparations. The crude herbal extract induced an immediate, moderate, and transient contraction of guinea pig ileum via the activation of cholinergic neurons of the gut wall. Purinoceptor and serotonin receptor antagonists did not influence this effect. The more sustained relaxant effect of the extract, measured after pre-contraction of the preparations, was remarkable and was not affected by an adrenergic beta receptor antagonist. The smooth muscle-relaxant activity was found to be associated with the flavonoid content of the fractions. The essential oil showed only the relaxant effect, but no contracting activity. The smooth muscle-relaxant effect was also detected on rat gastrointestinal tissues, as well as on strip preparations of human small intestine. These results suggest that Roman chamomile extract has a direct and prolonged smooth muscle-relaxant effect on guinea pig ileum which is related to its flavonoid content. In some preparations, a transient stimulation of enteric cholinergic motoneurons was also detected. The essential oil also had a remarkable smooth muscle relaxant effect in this setting. Similar relaxant effects were also detected on other visceral preparations, including human jejunum. This is the first report on the activity of Roman chamomile on smooth muscles that may reassure the rationale of the traditional use of this plant in spasmodic gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Sándor
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Katalin Veres
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tímea Bencsik
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Kelemen
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Papp
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Loránd Barthó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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El-Guendouz S, Al-Waili N, Aazza S, Elamine Y, Zizi S, Al-Waili T, Al-Waili A, Lyoussi B. Antioxidant and diuretic activity of co-administration of Capparis spinosa honey and propolis in comparison to furosemide. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:974-980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Woldemedhin B, Nedi T, Shibeshi W, Sisay M. Evaluation of the diuretic activity of the aqueous and 80% methanol extracts of the root of Euclea divinorum Hiern (Ebenaceae) in Sprague Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:114-121. [PMID: 28089738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diuretics are drugs that increase the formation of urine and are important for the treatment of various diseases including hypertension and edema. The root decoction of Euclea divinorum has been used as a diuretic agent in the traditional medicine. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the diuretic activity of the crude extracts of the roots of Euclea divinorum in Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS The aqueous extract (AE) and 80% methanol extract (80ME) of the plant were prepared using decoction and maceration, respectively. Vehicle (distilled water, 10ml/kg), standard drug (hydrochlorothiazide, 10mg/kg) and three doses (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) of the AE and 80ME were given to male rats by oral gavage. Parameters like urine volume (for 5h), electrolyte concentration and pH were measured (at 5th h) and analyzed. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey post hoc test. Linear regression was also applied to show the dose dependency nature of the diuretic effect. RESULTS The result indicated that the 80ME of the plant significantly (p<0.05) produced diuresis at 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg. Furthermore, the AE produced significant diuresis (p<0.05) at all doses. With regard to the electrolyte excretion, the AE produced significant natriuresis and kaliuresis at all tested doses (p<0.001), while the 80ME showed significant natriuresis and kaliuresis at 200mg/kg (p<0.01) and 400mg/kg (p<0.001). Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of secondary metabolites, including saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, tannins and terpinoids in both extracts. These constituents might be responsible for the diuretic activity of Euclea divinorum. Both extracts were also found to be safe at 2000mg/kg on the acute toxicity study. CONCLUSION This finding provides a scientific support for the acclaimed traditional use of the roots of Euclea divinorum as a diuretic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beharu Woldemedhin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Ethiopia
| | - Teshome Nedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Workineh Shibeshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Sisay
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia.
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Patten GS, Abeywardena MY, Bennett LE. Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Angiotensin II Receptor Blocking, and Blood Pressure Lowering Bioactivity across Plant Families. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56:181-214. [PMID: 24915402 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.651176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke. Interest in medicinal or nutraceutical plant bioactives to reduce hypertension has increased dramatically. The main biological regulation of mammalian blood pressure is via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The key enzyme is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) that converts angiotensin I into the powerful vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II binds to its receptors (AT1) on smooth muscle cells of the arteriole vasculature causing vasoconstriction and elevation of blood pressure. This review focuses on the in vitro and in vivo reports of plant-derived extracts that inhibit ACE activity, block angiotensin II receptor binding and demonstrate hypotensive activity in animal or human studies. We describe 74 families of plants that exhibited significant ACE inhibitory activity and 16 plant families with potential AT1 receptor blocking activity, according to in vitro studies. From 43 plant families including some of those with in vitro bioactivity, the extracts from 73 plant species lowered blood pressure in various normotensive or hypertensive in vivo models by the oral route. Of these, 19 species from 15 families lowered human BP when administered orally. Some of the active plant extracts, isolated bioactives and BP-lowering mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen S Patten
- a CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Mahinda Y Abeywardena
- a CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Louise E Bennett
- b CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Werribee , Victoria , British Columbia , Australia
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Zaiter A, Becker L, Karam MC, Dicko A. Effect of particle size on antioxidant activity and catechin content of green tea powders. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:2025-32. [PMID: 27413230 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluated the effect of grinding and sieving process of green tea leaves on particle size distribution and antioxidant activity. Granulometric classes ranging from 20 μm to 500 μm were studied. Hydroalcoholic extracts of green tea powders (GTPs) were analysed for total phenolic, total flavonoid, and catechin contents. The fraction of 100-180 μm ground at 6000 rpm showed the maximum catechin content with 33.5 mg/g dry matter (DM) and, the best antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 0.28 μg/mL and 0.13 μg/mL using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, respectively. However, antioxidant properties and catechin content decreased for particle of sizes less than 50 μm. Catechin content was higher for those ground at 6000 rpm as compared to at 18,000 rpm. The best grinding conditions and particle size were 6000 rpm and 100-180 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zaiter
- Unité de Recherche - Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, Université de Lorraine, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078, Cedex 03 Metz, France
| | - Loïc Becker
- Unité de Recherche - Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, Université de Lorraine, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078, Cedex 03 Metz, France
| | - Marie-Céleste Karam
- LIBio (Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules), Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, F-54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Amadou Dicko
- Unité de Recherche - Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, Université de Lorraine, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078, Cedex 03 Metz, France
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12
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Pugliese A, Gruppillo A, Di Pietro S. Clinical Nutrition in Gerontology: Chronic Renal Disorders of the Dog and Cat. Vet Res Commun 2015; 29 Suppl 2:57-63. [PMID: 16244926 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-005-0012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in the nutrition of companion animals has resulted in a longer possible life-span for dogs and cats and an improvement in their quality of life. Numerous studies about geriatric animals show that an aging dog or cat requires a specific nutritional formulation that considers the metabolic changes associated with age. A correct diet plays an important role in the treatment of some chronic pathologies in aging animals, particularly those for which the aging process modifies the organ function. A correct diet can provide therapeutic support to the administration of drugs that can sometimes compromise organ function. In the present study, we identify key aspects of the clinical nutrition during chronic renal disorders of dogs and cats, diseases with an elevated incidence and a major cause of mortality in geriatric animals. The aim of nutritional treatment for dogs and cats affected by chronic renal disorders is to improve the quality and length of life, assuring an adequate amount of energy and slowing the progression of renal failure. To improve treatment efficacy it is necessary to prepare different dietary rations during the various stages of disease, on the basis of clinical signs and laboratory data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Messina, Italy.
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13
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Kong CS. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Solvent-Partitioned Fractions from Spergularia marina in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 19:261-7. [PMID: 25580389 PMCID: PMC4287317 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.4.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a part of ongoing research to elucidate and characterize antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals, solvent-partitioned fractions from Spergularia marina were tested for their ability to scavenge radicals and suppress inflammation. The results of the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay indicate that solvent-partitioned fractions from S. marina scavenged intracellular radicals in H2O2-stimulated mouse macrophages. The tested fractions decreased the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inflammation mediators, namely, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin (IL)-6, by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse macrophages, indicating that S. marina decreases inflammation. Among all tested fractions [i.e., H2O, n-buthanol (n-BuOH), 85% aqueous methanol (aq. MeOH), and n-hexane], the 85% aq. MeOH fraction showed the strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response. The 85% aq. MeOH fraction scavenged 80% of the free radicals produced by H2O2-induced control cells. In addition, NO production was 98% lower in 85% aq. MeOH fraction-treated cells compared to LPS-induced control cells. The mRNA expression of iNOS and IL-6 was also suppressed in 85% aq. MeOH fraction-treated cells. The results of the current study suggest that the phenolic compound components of S. marina are responsible for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Suk Kong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea
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14
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Kim K, Lee YM, Rhyu MR, Kim HY. Spergularia marina induces glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells through bile acid receptor activation. J Med Food 2014; 17:1197-203. [PMID: 25260089 PMCID: PMC4224038 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spergularia marina Griseb. (SM) is a halophyte that grows in mud flats. The aerial portions of SM have been eaten as vegetables and traditionally used to prevent chronic diseases in Korea. However, there has been no scientific report that demonstrates the pharmacological effects of SM. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is important for the maintenance of glucose and energy homeostasis through acting as a signal in peripheral and neural systems. To discover a functional food for regulating glucose and energy homeostasis, we evaluated the effect of an aqueous ethanolic extract (AEE) of SM on GLP-1 release from enteroendocrine NCI-H716 cells. In addition, we explored the Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) agonist activity of AEE-SM in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells transiently transfected with human TGR5. As a result, treatment of NCI-H716 cells with AEE-SM increased GLP-1 secretion and intracellular Ca(2+) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in a dose-dependent manner. Transfection of NCI-H716 cells with TGR5-specific small interference RNA inhibited AEE-SM-induced GLP-1 secretion and the increase in Ca(2+) and cAMP levels. Moreover, AEE-SM showed that the TGR5 agonist activity in CHO-K1 cells transiently transfected with TGR5. The results suggest that AEE-SM might be a candidate for a functional food to regulate glucose and energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Kim
- Research Group of Food Functionality, Division of Creative Food Science for Health, Korea Food Research Institute , Sungnam-si, Korea
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15
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Karadeniz F, Kim JA, Ahn BN, Kim M, Kong CS. Anti-adipogenic and Pro-osteoblastogenic Activities of Spergularia marina Extract. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 19:187-93. [PMID: 25320716 PMCID: PMC4195624 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, Spergularia marina, a local food that is popular in South Korea, has been regarded as a nutritious source of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. While several halophytes are reported to possess distinct bioactivities, S. marina has yet to be promoted as a natural source of bioactives. In this study, the effects of S. marina on the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and C2C12 myoblast cells were evaluated. The anti-adipogenic effect of S. marina was assessed by measuring lipid accumulation and adipogenic differentiation marker expression. S. marina treatment significantly reduced lipid accumulation and notably decreased the gene levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c. In addition, S. marina enhanced osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and increased levels of osteoblastogenesis indicators, namely bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteocalcin, and type I collagen. In conclusion, S. marina could be a source of functional food ingredients that improve osteoporosis and obesity. Further studies, including activity-based fractionation, will elucidate the mechanism of action and active ingredients of S. marina, which would provide researchers with a better understanding of the nutraceutical and therapeutic applications of S. marina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Karadeniz
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea ; Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea
| | - Byul-Nim Ahn
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Mihyang Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea
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Montejano-Rodríguez JR, Almaguer-Vargas G, Gayosso-De-Lucio JA, Ocharan Hernández ME, Moreno Martínez RE, Hernández Caballero ME, Torres-Valencia JM, Sierra Ramírez JA. Evaluation of the diuretic activity of the ethanolic extract of Geranium seemannii Peyr. in Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Bracci A, Amat AG, Maione F, Cicala C, Mascolo N, De Feo V. Diuretic Activity of Lophophytum leandri. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A bioassay-oriented study was carried-out in order to validate the traditional uses of Lophophytum leandri, a parasitic plant used as a diuretic in traditional medical practices of Argentina. Four known flavonoids have been isolated from the active fraction. Quercetin-3- O-β-D-glucopyranoside was identified as the active principle of the fraction. However, the diuretic activity of the extract and of the most active fraction had greater activity than that of the pure isolated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bracci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Anibal G. Amat
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Quimicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Felix de Azara 1552, 3300 Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Francesco Maione
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carla Cicala
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Mascolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo A, Vinholes J, Grosso C, Valentão P, Andrade PB. Approach to the study of C-glycosyl flavones acylated with aliphatic and aromatic acids from Spergularia rubra by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection/electrospray ionization multi-stage mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:700-12. [PMID: 21337631 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC) as working tool for the study of the C-glycosyl flavones acylated with aliphatic and aromatic acids has allowed the tentative characterization of these compounds in Spergularia rubra and the establishment of the position of the acylation on the sugar moiety of the C-glycosylation by use of MS data. The combination of retention time (Rt), ultraviolet (UV) and MS(n) data of the compounds revealed their C-glycosyl flavone nature, being luteolin, apigenin and chrysoeriol derivatives. Ten non-acylated flavones were identified, from which six are described for the first time (one 7-O-glycosyl-6,8-diC-glycosyl flavone, four 6,8-diC-glycosyl flavones and one 2"-O-glycosyl-6-C-glycosyl flavone). Twenty-six acylated derivatives were also found for the first time. These compounds are grouped in three classes, namely, C-glycosyl flavones acylated with aliphatic acids, with aromatic acids or with a mixed acylation. The first group is characterized by the presence of one 6,8-diC-(acetyl)glycosyl flavone, four 6,8-diC-(malonyl)glycosyl flavones and two 7-O-glycosyl-6,8-diC-(malonyl)glycosyl flavones, while in the second one twelve 6,8-diC-(acyl)glycosyl flavones and two 7-O-glycosyl-6,8-diC-(acyl)glycosyl flavones are described. The last class contained five 6,8-diC-(malonyl,acyl)glycosyl flavones. No previous work has described the presence of C-glycosyl flavones acylated with aliphatic acids in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ferreres
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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19
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Wang JJ, Wang HY, Shih CD. Autonomic nervous system and nitric oxide in antihypertensive and cardiac inhibitory effects induced by red mold rice in spontaneously hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:7940-7948. [PMID: 20527963 DOI: 10.1021/jf100339p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive activity of the ethanol extract (EE) of red mold rice (RMR) and to explore its mechanism of action. In comparison to EE of nonfermented rice, the EE of RMR contained higher levels of total phenolic, total flavonoids, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and monacolin K. Intravenous bolus administration of the EE (10-50 mg/kg) resulted in biphasic, dose-dependent antihypertensive effects and decreases in heart rate, cardiac contractility, and sympathetic vasomotor tone in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The initial and delayed antihypertensive responses, and the negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of EE treatment (30 mg/kg, i.v.) were significantly reduced by pretreatment with hexamethonium (30 mg/kg, i.v.) and N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (20 mg/kg, i.v.). Pretreatment with methylatropine (1 mg/kg, i.v.), however, reversed the initial but not the delayed bradycardiac and negative inotropic effects of EE. We conclude that systemic administration of the EE of RMR elicited both transient and delayed antihypertensive actions that were mediated by the withdrawal of sympathetic tone and the production of nitric oxide (NO). The negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of EE may result from a direct sympathetic inhibition of the heart as well as an activation of the NO-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Jye Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, 151 Chinhsueh Road, Taliao Township, Kaohsiung County 83102, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Shih CD. Activation of nitric oxide/cGMP/PKG signaling cascade mediates antihypertensive effects of Muntingia calabura in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2010; 37:1045-58. [PMID: 19938215 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x0900748x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the leaf extract of Muntingia calabura L. (Tiliaceae) exerts a potent hypotensive effect in the normotensive rats. The antihypertensive activity of this plant extract, however, is currently unknown. In the present study, we investigated the antihypertensive effects of the n-butanol soluble fraction (BSF) from methanol leaf extract of M. calabura in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and delineated is underlying mechanisms. The intravenous bolus administration of the BSF (10-100 mg/kg) of M. calabura produced biphasic dose-related antihypertensive and bradycardiac effects in SHR. The BSF-induced initial cardiovascular depressive effects lasted for 10 min, and the delayed effects commenced 40 min and lasted for at least 120 min postinjection. These cardiovascular depressive effects of BSF treatments were greater in SHR than in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Both the initial and delayed antihypertensive and bradycardiac effects of BSF (25 mg/kg, i.v.) in SHR, were significantly blocked by pretreatment with a nonselective nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor, a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor, or a protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor. Moreover, the initial effects of BSF in SHR were inhibited by pretreatment with a selective endothelial NOS (eNOS) inhibitor; whereas the delayed effects were attenuated by a selective inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor. These results indicate that the BSF from the leaf of M. calabura elicited both transient and delayed antihypertensive and bradycardiac actions in SHR, which might be mediated through NO generated respectively by eNOS and iNOS. Furthermore, activation of sGC/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway may participate in the M. calabura-induced biphasic cardiovascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Dean Shih
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan.
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21
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Zeggwagh NA, Moufid A, Michel JB, Eddouks M. Hypotensive effect of Chamaemelum nobile aqueous extract in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2010; 31:440-50. [PMID: 19811353 DOI: 10.1080/10641960902825453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the hypotensive effect of Chamaemelum nobile aqueous extract (CNAE) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Single oral administration of CNAE (140 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) after 24 h of the administration. Daily oral administration of CNAE (140 mg/kg) during 3 weeks produced a significant reduction in SBP in the day 8 (p < 0.01) of treatment. Furthermore, CNAE produced a significant increase in urinary output and electrolytes excretion (p < 0.01) from the day 8 to the end of treatment. We conclude that CNAE possesses a hypotensive and diuretic effect in SHR.
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Kim BR, Park JH, Kim SH, Cho KJ, Chang MJ. Antihypertensive Properties of Dried Radish Leaves Powder in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4163/kjn.2010.43.6.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Korea
| | - Ji Ho Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Korea
| | - Kang Jin Cho
- Department of Functional Food & Nutrition Division, Rural National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Moon-Jeong Chang
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Korea
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Aissaoui A, El-Hilaly J, Israili ZH, Lyoussi B. Acute diuretic effect of continuous intravenous infusion of an aqueous extract of Coriandrum sativum L. in anesthetized rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 115:89-95. [PMID: 17961943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the acute diuretic activity of continuous intravenous infusion of an aqueous extract of the seed of Coriandrum sativum L. Apiaceae (coriander) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aqueous extract of coriander seed was administered by continuous intravenous infusion (120 min) at two doses (40 and 100mg/kg) to anesthetized Wistar rats. Furosemide (10mg/kg), a standard diuretic was used as the reference drug. Excretion of water and electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride) in urine was measured, and glomerular filtration rate (equal to creatinine clearance) was determined. RESULTS The crude aqueous extract of coriander seeds increased diuresis, excretion of electrolytes, and glomerular filtration rate in a dose-dependent way; furosemide was more potent as a diuretic and saluretic. The mechanism of action of the plant extract appears to be similar to that of furosemide. CONCLUSIONS The aqueous extract of coriander seed possesses diuretic and saluretic activity, thus, validating the use of coriander as a diuretic plant in Moroccan pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderahim Aissaoui
- UFR Physiology-Pharmacology, Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Fez, Morocco
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Wright CI, Van-Buren L, Kroner CI, Koning MMG. Herbal medicines as diuretics: a review of the scientific evidence. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 114:1-31. [PMID: 17804183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the health and wellness benefits of herbs and botanicals. This is with good reason as they might offer a natural safeguard against the development of certain conditions and be a putative treatment for some diseases. One such area may be the lowering of blood pressure in those where it is elevated (i.e., hypertension). One class of clinical medicines used to lower blood pressure are known as diuretics and work by increasing the excretion of urine from the body as well as the amount of sodium in urine. There are a growing number of studies purporting diuretic effects with traditional medicines. The aim of this article was to review these studies and identify which extracts promote diuresis (which we assessed on terms of urine excreted and urinary sodium excretion) and also to identify the research needs in this area. We identified a number of species and genuses reporting diuretic effects. Of these, the most promising, at the present time, are the species Foeniculum vulgare, Fraxinus excelsior, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Petroselinum sativum and Spergularia purpurea, and species from the genuses Cucumis (Cucumis melo and Cucumis trigonus), Equisetum (Equisetum bogotense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum giganteum, Equisetum hiemale var. affine and Equisetum myriochaetum), Lepidium (Lepidium latifolium and Lepidium sativum), Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus amarus, Phyllanthus corcovadensis and Phyllanthus sellowianus) and Sambucus (Sambucus mexicana and Sambucus nigra). However, there the number of studies is limited and we recommend that further studies be conducted to confirm reported effects. Such evidence is needed to provide scientific credence to the folklore use of traditional medicines and even be helpful in the development of future medicines, treatments and treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Wright
- Nutrition, Nutrition and Health Enhancement, Unilever Food and Health Research Institute, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, PO Box 114, 3130 AC, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
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Koçyildiz ZC, Birman H, Olgaç V, Akgün-Dar K, Melikoğlu G, Meriçli AH. Crataegus tanacetifolia leaf extract prevents L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats: a morphological study. Phytother Res 2006; 20:66-70. [PMID: 16397846 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Crataegus (hawthorn) has long been used as a folk medicine all around the world. Most of the studies with Crataegus species focus on effects on heart failure and cardiovascular disease. The pharmacological effects of Crataegus have been attributed mainly to the content of flavonoids, procyanidin, aromatic acid and cardiotonic amines. The present study investigated the blood pressure and the structure of the coronary arterial wall of L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats given an aqueous leaf extract of C. tanacetifolia (100 mg/kg), for 4 weeks via gavage. It was observed that C. tanacetifolia, especially the hyperoside fraction, prevented L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats and had beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Celebi Koçyildiz
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Young JM, Shand BI, McGregor PM, Scott RS, Frampton CM. Comparative effects of enzogenol and vitamin C supplementation versus vitamin C alone on endothelial function and biochemical markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic smokers. Free Radic Res 2006; 40:85-94. [PMID: 16298763 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500329788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic smoking is associated with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, with oxidative stress contributing to both these processes. In this study, we investigated the effect of combined antioxidant treatment with Enzogenol, a flavonoid extract from the bark of Pinus radiata and vitamin C, over and above vitamin C alone, on endothelial function, plasma markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, blood pressure (BP) and anthropometrics. Forty-four chronic smokers without established cardiovascular disease were assigned randomly to receive either 480 mg Enzogenol and 60 mg vitamin C, or 60 mg vitamin C alone daily for 12 weeks. Endothelial function in the brachial artery was assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). FMD improved in both treatment groups (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.84). In the group receiving Enzogenol and vitamin C, protein carbonyl levels were significantly reduced compared to the group taking vitamin C alone (p = 0.03). Enzogenol and vitamin C resulted in a significant reduction in fibrinogen levels in heavy smokers compared with vitamin C alone (p < 0.009). These findings demonstrated that co-supplementation with Enzogenol and vitamin C in smokers conferred no additional beneficial effect on macrovascular endothelial function over and above that seen in the vitamin C alone group. However, Enzogenol did demonstrate additional favourable effects on protein oxidative damage and fibrinogen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Young
- Lipid and Diabetes Research Group, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand.
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Haiyun L, Yijia L, Honggang L, Honghai W. Protective effect of total flavones from Elsholtzia blanda (TFEB) on myocardial ischemia induced by coronary occlusion in canines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 94:101-107. [PMID: 15261969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2003] [Revised: 03/24/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the effect of total flavones from Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth. (TFEB), a traditional Chinese medicine, on myocardial ischemia induced by coronary occlusion in Beagle dogs. Infarct size of left ventricle, serum activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and malondialdehyde (MDA), hemorrheologic variables and homodynamic parameters including mean arterial pressure (MAP), coronary blood flow (CBF), coronary vascular resistance (CVR), end-diastolic pressure of left ventricle (LVEDP), rate of rise and decline of left ventricular pressure (+/-dp/dtmax) were measured in this study. Administration with TFEB produced a dose-dependent reduction in infarct size. TFEB 100 mg/kg exerted notable inhibition in the elevation of serum CK-MB and MDA activity. TFEB significantly reduced MAP and CVR. The decrease in CBF also tended to be smaller in treated dogs. TFEB improved the recovery of myocardial function by depressing the degree of reduction in +/-dp/dtmax and LVEDP. TFEB also showed a capacity to resist ischemic damage through lowering blood viscosity. The results indicated that TFEB kept heart from ischemic damage due to coronary occlusion in Beagle dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Haiyun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310031, PR China
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28
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Maghrani M, Zeggwagh NA, Lemhadri A, El Amraoui M, Michel JB, Eddouks M. Study of the hypoglycaemic activity of Fraxinus excelsior and Silybum marianum in an animal model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 91:309-16. [PMID: 15120454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2003] [Revised: 01/04/2004] [Accepted: 01/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The hypoglycaemic effect of the aqueous extracts of Fraxinus excelsior (FE) seed and Silybum marianum (SM) aerial part was investigated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. After a single dose or 15 daily doses, oral administration of the aqueous extracts (20 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease of blood glucose levels in both normal and STZ diabetic rats (P < 0.001). From the first week, the body weight was increased in normal rats (P < 0.05) and decreased in STZ rats (P < 0.01) after FE administration. In addition, no changes were observed in basal plasma insulin concentrations after both FE and SM treatments in either normal and STZ diabetic rats indicating that these plants exert their pharmacological activity without affecting insulin secretion. We conclude that the aqueous extracts of FE and SM exhibit potent hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperglycaemic activities in normal and STZ rats, respectively, without affecting basal plasma insulin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maghrani
- UFR PNPE, BP 21, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
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29
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Aoi W, Niisato N, Miyazaki H, Marunaka Y. Flavonoid-induced reduction of ENaC expression in the kidney of Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 315:892-6. [PMID: 14985096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid, a plant extract, exhibits various biological actions. Dietary flavonoid intake is reported to reduce an elevated blood pressure, however the mechanism is unknown. The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in the kidney plays a key role in the regulation of blood pressure by contributing to the Na+ reabsorption in renal tubules. Thus, we investigated the effect of quercetin, a flavonoid, on ENaC mRNA expression in the kidney of hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Dahl salt-sensitive rats of 8 weeks were acclimated for 1 week in a metabolic cage and were subsequently kept for 4 weeks under four different conditions: (1) normal salt diet (0.3% NaCl), (2) normal salt diet with quercetin (10 mg/kg/day), (3) high-salt diet (8% NaCl), and (4) high-salt diet with quercetin. Quercetin diminished the alphaENaC mRNA expression in the kidney associated with reduction of the systolic blood pressure elevated by high-salt diet, suggesting that one of the mechanisms of the flavonoid's antihypertensive effect on salt-sensitive hypertension would be mediated through downregulation of ENaC expression in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Aoi
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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30
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Jouad H, Lemhadri A, Maghrani M, Zeggwagh NA, Eddouks M. Cholesterol-lowering activity of the aqueous extract of Spergularia purpurea in normal and recent-onset diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 87:43-49. [PMID: 12787953 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of single and repeated oral administration of the aqueous extract of Spergularia purpurea (SP) at a dose of 10mg/kg in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In normal rats, the aqueous extract of SP induced a significant decrease of the plasma cholesterol concentrations 6h after a single oral administration (P<0.05) and 2 weeks after repeated oral administration (P<0.05). The plasma triglycerides levels increased significantly 6h after a single oral administration (P<0.05) and decreased 2 weeks after repeated oral administration (P<0.05). In diabetic rats, SP treatment caused a significant decrease of plasma cholesterol levels after a single (P<0.01) and repeated (P<0.01) oral administration. A significant increase of triglycerides levels was observed 6h after a single oral administration of the SP aqueous extract (P<0.01). One week after repeated oral administration of SP aqueous extract, the plasma triglycerides levels were significantly decreased (P<0.005) and still dropped after 2 weeks (P<0.01). On the other hand, the repeated oral administration of SP aqueous extract caused a significant decrease of body weight after 2 weeks of treatment in both normal (P<0.001) and diabetic (P<0.01) rats. We conclude that the aqueous extract of SP exhibits a cholesterol and body weight-lowering activities in both normal and severe hyperglycaemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Jouad
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, UFR Physiology of the Nutrition and Endocrinian Pharmacology, BP 509, Errchidia, Boutalamine, Morocco
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31
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Eddouks M, Jouad H, Maghrani M, Lemhadri A, Burcelin R. Inhibition of endogenous glucose production accounts for hypoglycemic effect of Spergularia purpurea in streptozotocin mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 10:594-599. [PMID: 13678249 DOI: 10.1078/094471103322331890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the underlying mechanism of the hypoglycemic activity of the aqueous extract perfusion of Spergularia purpurea (SP) in diabetic mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous extract was administered intravenously and the blood glucose levels were determined within 4 hours after starting the treatment. Plasma insulin concentrations and endogenous glucose production were also determined. The aqueous extract at a dose of 10 mg/kg produced a significant decrease in blood glucose levels in normal rats (P < 0.05), and even more in diabetic rats (P < 0.001). This hypoglycemic effect might be due to an extra-pancreatic action of the aqueous extract of SP, since the basal plasma insulin concentrations were unchanged after SP treatment. In diabetic mice, a similar effect was observed and the results showed that aqueous extract of SP caused a potent inhibitor effect on basal endogenous glucose production (p < 0.001). We conclude that aqueous extract perfusion of SP inhibits endogenous glucose production in mice. This inhibition is at least one mechanism explaining the observed hypoglycemic activity of this plant in diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eddouks
- UFR Physiology of the Nutrition and Endocrinian Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Boutalamine, Errachidia, Morocco.
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Capasso R, Tavares IA. Effect of the flavonoid galangin on urinary bladder rat contractility in-vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002; 54:1147-50. [PMID: 12195832 DOI: 10.1211/002235702320266334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Galangin is a flavanol with several biological activities. We have evaluated the effect of galangin on the contractile response elicited by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the rat isolated urinary bladder. Galangin (10(-8)-10(-4) M) produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the EFS contractile response without modifying the contractions produced by exogenous acetylcholine (10(-6) M). Blockade of adrenergic and cholinergic nerves with a combination of atropine (10(-6) M), phentolamine (10(-6) M) and propranolol (10(-6) M) or blockade of tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptors with SR140333 (10(-7) M) and SR48968 (10(-6) M) did not modify the inhibitory effect of galangin. However, verapamil (10(-7) M) significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of galangin. It is concluded that the galangin inhibits EFS-induced contractions of the rat urinary bladder by acting on L-type calcium channels on presynaptic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
This article examines the evidence on use of nutriceuticals for promotion of cardiovascular health in women. Studies elucidating mechanism of action, physiologic effects of antioxidant vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, and garlic are presented. Emerging evidence for the impact of homocysteine on cardiovascular risk factors and events and evidence for the impact of different types of fats on cardiovascular markers are reviewed. The effects of a heart-healthy diet are supported in this review of research on nutriceuticals. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women is clearly efficacious, and this article summarizes information to be shared with women about nutriceuticals and diet to better enable decisions they can adopt to promote cardiovascular health.
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Jouad H, Haloui M, Rhiouani H, El Hilaly J, Eddouks M. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes, cardiac and renal diseases in the North centre region of Morocco (Fez-Boulemane). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2001; 77:175-182. [PMID: 11535361 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to make an inventory of herbal remedies commonly used in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension and renal diseases in the North centre region of Morocco, 1527 patients (1095 diabetic patients, 274 with renal disorders and 158 with cardiac disorders) and 25 traditional herbal healers were interviewed in four different areas of Fez-Boulemane region. More than 1153 of the total patients interviewed (76%) used regularly medicinal plants to treat diabetes, cardiac and renal diseases. These data showed that phytotherapy has always be practiced in this region. All the persons interviewed have indicated that the reasons of using phytotherapy is that the plant medicines are cheapest (54%) and more efficient (38%) than modern medicine. They also reported that the result of phytotherapy is better (72%). Our survey started at May 1997. About 90 plants were cited (54 plants for diabetes, 11 for cardiac diseases, 19 for hypertension and 33 for renal diseases). The plants reported have been identified and are presented in a table with the vernacular name, useful parts, ecological distribution and medicinal uses. Only 12% of the total patients have a relative knowledge of the toxic plants. The result indicated that nine plants are extremely toxic at high doses and chronic treatment. Fifty nine percent of the interviewers have indicated that they used medicinal plants from the experience of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jouad
- Laboratory of Endocrinian Physiology and Pharmacology, F.S.T.E. Boutalamine, BP 509, Errachidia, Morocco
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