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Naz A, Chowdhury A, Pareek S, Kumar P, Poddar NK. A critical review on the active anti-viral metabolites of bioprospecting traditionally used plant species from semi-arid regions of the subcontinent. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024:jcim-2024-0186. [PMID: 39382949 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2024-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Plants are crucial medicinal resources, with 80 % of people relying on them for primary healthcare. The search for natural antiviral compounds is increasing, especially in semi-arid ecosystems where abiotic stress promotes the production of beneficial secondary metabolites. This review highlights semi-arid plants with the potential as functional foods to combat viral diseases and other illnesses. Literature was searched in databases like ScienceDirect to gather information on novel compounds from stress-tolerant semi-arid plant species. These compounds have potential uses in treating viral infections and other health issues such as diabetes and high blood pressure. The review screened 61 semi-arid plants known for their antiviral metabolites. Eight plants were identified with novel antiviral compounds. Key metabolites include agathisflavone, pectic arabinogalactan, azadirachtin, aloin, aloe-emodin, aloesaponarin I, allicin, terpenoids, chlorogenic acids, curcumin, chromones, β-sitosterol, lupeol, oleuropein, carissol, β-amyrin, and ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Stress-tolerant semi-arid plants are significant sources of metabolites for treating infectious diseases and boosting immune systems. Further research on these metabolites in animal models is needed to verify their efficacy for treating human diseases during endemic and pandemic outbreaks, such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Naz
- Jindal School of Liberal Arts and Humanities, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Abhiroop Chowdhury
- Jindal School of Environment and Sustainability, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Shubhra Pareek
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar
- Department of Physics, 385092 Manipal University Jaipur , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, 385092 Manipal University Jaipur , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Lai J, Li C. Review on the pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics of scutellarein. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400053. [PMID: 38849327 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Scutellarein is a flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi that has been shown to have a variety of pharmacological activities. This review aims to summarize the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies on scutellarein and provide useful information for relevant scholars. Pharmacological studies indicate that scutellarein possesses a diverse range of pharmacological properties, including but not limited to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anticancer, and cardiovascular protective effects. Further investigation reveals that the pharmacological effects of scutellarein are driven by multiple mechanisms. These mechanisms encompass the scavenging of free radicals, inhibition of the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and expression of inflammatory mediators, inhibition of the activity of crucial viral proteins, suppression of gluconeogenesis, amelioration of insulin resistance, improvement of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, induction of apoptosis in cancer cells, and prevention of myocardial hypertrophy, among others. In summary, these pharmacological studies suggest that scutellarein holds promise for the treatment of various diseases. It is imperative to conduct clinical studies to further elucidate the therapeutic effects of scutellarein. However, it is worth noting that studies on the pharmacokinetics reveal an inhibitory effect of scutellarein on uridine 5'-diphosphate glucuronide transferases and cytochrome P450 enzymes, potentially posing safety risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Lai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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3
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Liang Y, Liu M, Wang Y, Liu L, Gao Y. Analyzing the Material Basis of Anti-RSV Efficacy of Lonicerae japonicae Flos Based on the PK-PD Model. Molecules 2023; 28:6437. [PMID: 37764214 PMCID: PMC10537356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lonicerae japonicae Flos (LJF) possesses a good anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) effect. However, the material basis of LJF in treating RSV is still unclear. In this study, a sensitive and accurate quantitative method based on UHPLC-QQQ MS was established and validated for the simultaneous determination of the 15 ingredients from LJF in RSV-infected mice plasma. Multiple reaction monitoring was performed for quantification of the standards and of the internal standard in plasma. All the calibration curves show good linear regression within the linear range (r2 > 0.9918). The method validation results, including specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability of 15 ingredients, are all within the current acceptance criteria. This established method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of 15 compounds from LJF. Furthermore, the repair rate of lung index and the improvement rate of IFN-γ and IL-6 improved after administration of the LJF, indicating that LJF possessed a positive effect on the treatment of RSV infection. Finally, by combining Spearman and Grey relation analysis, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C, secoxyloganin, chlorogenic acid, and loganic acid are speculated to be the main effective ingredients of LJF in treating RSV. This study lays the foundation for attempts to reveal the mechanisms of the anti-RSV effect of LJF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Yanghai Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (L.L.)
- High Level Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Disciplines of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and High Quality Development of Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Yellow River Basin, Jinan 250355, China
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4
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Wang Y, Jia M, Gao Y, Zhao B. Multiplex Quantitative Analysis of 9 Compounds of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in the Plasma of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected Mice Based on HPLC-MS/MS and Pharmacodynamic Effect Correlation Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:6001. [PMID: 37630252 PMCID: PMC10460054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
According to traditional Chinese medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi possesses the therapeutic properties of heat-clearing, dampness-drying, diarrhea alleviation, and detoxification, making it a clinically used remedy for respiratory infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in constituent content, pharmacodynamic effects, and material basis of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in the plasma of mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The results showed that a sensitive and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was established in this study. Multiple quantitative analyses of Baicalein, Apigenin-7-glucuronide, Baicalin, Oroxylin A 7-O-beta-d-glucuronide, Wogonoside, Norwogonin, Wogonin, Chrysin, and Oroxylin A in mouse plasma revealed a bimodal absorption phenomenon within the time frame of 0.167 h to 6 h post-administration, with the exception of chrysin. Following 6 h of administration, the concentrations of 9 components continued to decrease until they became undetectable. In comparison to the model group, all administered groups exhibited significant reductions in lung index and viral load, with their lung index repair rate and viral suppression rate aligning with the blood concentration-time curve. Finally, through the application of the gray correlation analysis method, we identified Baicalein, Baicalin, Oroxylin A 7-O-beta-d-glucuronide, Wogonoside, Norwogonin, and Wogonin as potential pharmacodynamic material bases of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi against RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.W.); (M.J.)
| | - Bonian Zhao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.W.); (M.J.)
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Li J, Cao Y, Li LN, Chu X, Wang YS, Cai JJ, Zhao J, Ma S, Li G, Fan ZK. Neuroprotective Effects of Oxymatrine via Triggering Autophagy and Inhibiting Apoptosis Following Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4450-4471. [PMID: 37115405 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder characterized by high morbidity and disability. However, there is still a lack of effective treatments for it. The identification of drugs that promote autophagy and inhibit apoptosis in neurons is critical for improving patient outcomes following SCI. Previous studies have shown that increasing the activity of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and downstream protein AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in rat models of SCI is highly neuroprotective. Oxymatrine (OMT), a quinolizidine alkaloid, has exhibited neuroprotective effects in various central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, its explicit effect and molecular mechanism in SCI are still unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of OMT and explore the potential role of autophagy regulation following SCI in rats. A modified compressive device (weight 35 g, time 5 min) was applied to induce moderate SCI in all groups except the sham group. After treatment with drugs or vehicle (saline), our results indicated that OMT treatment significantly reduced the lesion size, promoted survival of motor neurons, and subsequently attenuated motor dysfunction following SCI in rats. OMT significantly enhanced autophagy activity, inhibited apoptosis in neurons, and increased SIRT1 and p-AMPK expression levels. Interestingly, these effects of OMT on SCI were partially prevented by co-treatment with SIRT1 inhibitor EX527. Furthermore, combining OMT with the potent autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) could effectively abolish its promotion of autophagic flux. Taken together, these data revealed that OMT exerts a neuroprotective role in functional recovery against SCI in rats, and these effects are potentially associated with OMT-induced activation of autophagy via the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Lin-Na Li
- Departments of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Xin Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Yan-Song Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Jia-Jun Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Song Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, China.
| | - Zhong-Kai Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
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Wang J, Zeng X, Yin D, Yin L, Shen X, Xu F, Dai Y, Pan X. In silico and in vitro evaluation of antiviral activity of wogonin against main protease of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1123650. [PMID: 37009514 PMCID: PMC10050881 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1123650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate of weaned piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) poses a serious threat to the pig industry worldwide, demanding urgent research efforts related to developing effective antiviral drugs to prevent and treat PEDV infection. Small molecules can possibly prevent the spread of infection by targeting specific vital components of the pathogen’s genome. Main protease (Mpro, also named 3CL protease) plays essential roles in PEDV replication and has emerged as a promising target for the inhibition of PEDV. In this study, wogonin exhibited antiviral activity against a PEDV variant isolate, interacting with the PEDV particles and inhibiting the internalization, replication and release of PEDV. The molecular docking model indicated that wogonin was firmly embedded in the groove of the active pocket of Mpro. Furthermore, the interaction between wogonin and Mpro was validated in silico via microscale thermophoresis and surface plasmon resonance analyses. In addition, the results of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay indicated that wogonin exerted an inhibitory effect on Mpro. These findings provide useful insights into the antiviral activities of wogonin, which could support future research into anti-PEDV drugs.`
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zeng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dongdong Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuehuai Shen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fazhi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yin Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaocheng Pan, ; Yin Dai,
| | - Xiaocheng Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaocheng Pan, ; Yin Dai,
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Medicinal Plants for Viral Respiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review on Persian Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:1928310. [PMID: 36818226 PMCID: PMC9937752 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1928310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Many medicinal plants have been introduced in Persian medicine references for various respiratory disorders. Considering the growing interest in herbal medicines, this review aimed to introduce medicinal herbs recommended by Persian Medicine (PM) references for respiratory diseases and to discuss their activity against respiratory viruses. Methods The medicinal plants recommended for respiratory disorders were extracted from the main PM textbooks. Subsequently, their activity against respiratory viruses was systematically investigated via queries of scientific databases. Results Searching PM references for medicinal plants used in the management of respiratory disorders yielded 45 results. Of them, 18 possess antiviral activity against respiratory viruses. There were 29 in vitro studies (including studies on human cell lines) and 5 in vivo studies. Conclusion This research demonstrated that many of the medicinal plants mentioned for the respiratory diseases in PM have considerable activity against respiratory viruses. However, human studies regarding the reported medicinal plants are scarce.
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Khushboo, Siddiqi NJ, Sharma B. Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV2 Mediated Depression, Therapeutics, and Consequences: A Comprehensive Narrative. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023; 23:217-229. [PMID: 35658879 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220603150637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), belongs to emerging and reemerging diseases, which was first identified and reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 was similar to the SARS virus, a β-coronavirus. The epidemiological studies suggest that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 mainly occurs from an infected person to others through close contact with the respiratory droplets or by having contact with SARS-CoV-2 adhering to objects and surfaces. The incubation period ranges from 5 to14 days. The symptoms include fever, dry cough, tiredness, aches, chest pain, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, headache, difficulty in breathing or short breath, loss of taste, smell, rashes on the skin, and sore throat. Some reports indicated that males exhibited lower scores than females, the younger populations displayed increased symptoms, Chinese/Taiwanese people registered only scarce symptoms, and Canadians experienced more symptoms. The results of several studies suggested that while COVID-19 had a significant effect on depression, job instability affected anxiety and depression. The diagnostics to detect the presence of coronavirus involve ELISA and RT-PCR. There is no specific treatment available to eradicate COVID-19. The therapeutics used to treat COVID 19 exhibited severe side effects. Recently, some Indian traditional medicinal plants have shown promise in reducing the risk of viral infection and also boosting the immunity of an individual. This paper presents an overview of the current status of depression in the SARS CoV2 infected people and the measures required to overcome COVID-19 induced depression in patients even after recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo
- Departments of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, UP-India
| | - Nikhat J Siddiqi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Departments of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, UP-India
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Peng J, Wang Q, Guo M, Liu C, Chen X, Tao L, Zhang K, Shen X. Development of Inhalable Chitosan-Coated Oxymatrine Liposomes to Alleviate RSV-Infected Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415909. [PMID: 36555548 PMCID: PMC9786244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most important cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants, neonates, and young children, even leading to hyperinflation and atelectasis. Oxymatrine (OMT), originating from natural herbs, possessed potential antivirus activity against influenza A virus, Coxsackie B3 virus, and RSV, whereas the absence of an in vivo study indicated the difficulties in overcoming the physiological obstacles. Since RSV basically replicated in lung tissue, in this study, we fabricated and characterized a chitosan (CS)-coated liposome with OMT loaded for the treatment of lethal RSV infection via inhalation. The results uncovered that OMT, as a hydrophilic drug, was liable to diffuse in the mucus layer and penetrate through the gas-blood barrier to enter systemic circulation quickly, which might restrict its inhibitory effect on RSV replication. The CS-coated liposome enhanced the distribution and retention of OMT in lung tissue without restriction from mucus, which contributed to the improved alleviative effect of OMT on lethal RSV-infected mice. Overall, this study provides a novel inhalation therapy for RSV infection, and the CS-coated liposome might be a potential inhalable nanocarrier for hydrophilic drugs to prevent pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Peng
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qin Wang
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mingyang Guo
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogenicity Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chunyuan Liu
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogenicity Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xuesheng Chen
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogenicity Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ling Tao
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogenicity Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (X.S.); Tel.: +86-0851-884-16022 (K.Z.); +86-0851-881-74180 (X.S.)
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (X.S.); Tel.: +86-0851-884-16022 (K.Z.); +86-0851-881-74180 (X.S.)
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Li Y, Wu Y, Li S, Li Y, Zhang X, Shou Z, Gu S, Zhou C, Xu D, Zhao K, Tan S, Qiu J, Pan X, Li L. Identification of phytochemicals in Qingfei Paidu decoction for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 by targeting the virus-host interactome. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113946. [PMID: 36411632 PMCID: PMC9618446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Qingfei Paidu decoction (QFPDD) has been clinically proven to be effective in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the bioactive components and therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effective components and underlying mechanisms of QFPDD in the treatment of COVID-19 by targeting the virus-host interactome and verifying the antiviral activities of its active components in vitro. Key active components and targets were identified by analysing the topological features of a compound-target-pathway-disease regulatory network of QFPDD for the treatment of COVID-19. The antiviral activity of the active components was determined by a live virus infection assay, and possible mechanisms were analysed by pseudotyped virus infection and molecular docking assays. The inhibitory effects of the components tested on the virus-induced release of IL-6, IL-1β and CXCL-10 were detected by ELISA. Three components of QFPDD, oroxylin A, hesperetin and scutellarin, exhibited potent antiviral activities against live SARS-CoV-2 virus and HCoV-OC43 virus with IC50 values ranging from 18.68 to 63.27 μM. Oroxylin A inhibited the entry of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus into target cells and inhibited SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion by binding with the ACE2 receptor. The active components of QFPDD obviously inhibited the IL-6, IL-1β and CXCL-10 release induced by the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. This study supports the clinical application of QFPDD and provides an effective analysis method for the in-depth study of the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Siyan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yibin Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zeren Shou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuyin Gu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chenliang Zhou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Daohua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Kangni Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Suiyi Tan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiayin Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China,Corresponding authors
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China,Corresponding authors
| | - Lin Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China,Corresponding authors
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11
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Isolongifolene-loaded chitosan nanoparticles synthesis and characterization for cancer treatment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19250. [PMID: 36357447 PMCID: PMC9649682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in the field of nanoparticle-based therapeutic delivery methods have changed the standpoint of cancer therapy by effectively delaying the process of disease development. Nanoparticles have a unique capacity of good penetrating ability than other therapeutic leads used in traditional therapeutics, and also, they have the highest impact on disease management. In the current study isolongifolene-loaded Chitosan nanoparticles have been formulated, synthesized and then characterized by the use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Further, the characterized chitosan nano formulation was evaluated for hemocompatibility, plasma stability, and in-vitro release. Isolongifolene-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were found to be compatible with plasma and also, they exhibited a constant release pattern. Hence, chitosan-loaded nanoparticles could be employed as an excellent adjuvant in cancer therapeutic, to combat the multi-drug resistance in solid tumors.
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Jiang F, Wang S, Wang H, Wang A, Xu D, Liu H, Yang B, Yuan L, Lei L, Chen R, Li W, Fan W. A chromosome-level reference genome of a Convolvulaceae species Ipomoea cairica. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac187. [PMID: 35894697 PMCID: PMC9434287 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ipomoea cairica is a perennial creeper that has been widely introduced as a garden ornamental across tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. Because it grows extremely fast and spreads easily, it has been listed as an invasive species in many countries. Here, we constructed the chromosome-level reference genome of Ipomoea cairica by Pacific Biosciences HiFi and Hi-C sequencing, with the assembly size of 733.0 Mb, the contig N50 of 43.8 Mb, the scaffold N50 of 45.7 Mb, and the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs complete rate of 98.0%. Hi-C scaffolding assigned 97.9% of the contigs to 15 pseudo-chromosomes. Telomeric repeat analysis reveals that 7 of the 15 pseudo-chromosomes are gapless and telomere to telomere. The transposable element content of Ipomoea cairica is 73.4%, obviously higher than that of other Ipomoea species. A total of 38,115 protein-coding genes were predicted, with the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs complete rate of 98.5%, comparable to that of the genome assembly, and 92.6% of genes were functional annotated. In addition, we identified 3,039 tRNA genes and 2,403 rRNA genes in the assembled genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ipomoea cairica formed a clade with Ipomoea aquatica, and they diverged from each other 8.1 million years ago. Through comparative genome analysis, we reconfirmed that a whole genome triplication event occurred specific to Convolvulaceae family and in the ancestor of the genus Ipomoea and Cuscuta. This high-quality reference genome of Ipomoea cairica will greatly facilitate the studies on the molecular mechanisms of its rapid growth and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Hengchao Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Hangwei Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Boyuan Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Lihong Lei
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
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Cao DL, Zhang XJ, Xie SQ, Fan SJ, Qu XJ. Application of chloroplast genome in the identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine Viola philippica. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:540. [PMID: 35896957 PMCID: PMC9327190 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viola philippica Cav. is the only source plant of "Zi Hua Di Ding", which is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that is utilized as an antifebrile and detoxicant agent for the treatment of acute pyogenic infections. Historically, many Viola species with violet flowers have been misused in "Zi Hua Di Ding". Viola have been recognized as a taxonomically difficult genera due to their highly similar morphological characteristics. Here, all common V. philippica adulterants were sampled. A total of 24 complete chloroplast (cp) genomes were analyzed, among these 5 cp genome sequences were downloaded from GenBank and 19 cp genomes, including 2 "Zi Hua Di Ding" purchased from a local TCM pharmacy, were newly sequenced. RESULTS The Viola cp genomes ranged from 156,483 bp to 158,940 bp in length. A total of 110 unique genes were annotated, including 76 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and four rRNAs. Sequence divergence analysis screening identified 16 highly diverged sequences; these could be used as markers for the identification of Viola species. The morphological, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees of whole cp genome sequences and highly diverged sequences were divided into five monophyletic clades. The species in each of the five clades were identical in their positions within the morphological and cp genome tree. The shared morphological characters belonging to each clade was summarized. Interestingly, unique variable sites were found in ndhF, rpl22, and ycf1 of V. philippica, and these sites can be selected to distinguish V. philippica from samples all other Viola species, including its most closely related species. In addition, important morphological characteristics were proposed to assist the identification of V. philippica. We applied these methods to examine 2 "Zi Hua Di Ding" randomly purchased from the local TCM pharmacy, and this analysis revealed that the morphological and molecular characteristics were valid for the identification of V. philippica. CONCLUSIONS This study provides invaluable data for the improvement of species identification and germplasm of V. philippica that may facilitate the application of a super-barcode in TCM identification and enable future studies on phylogenetic evolution and safe medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ling Cao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Xue-Jie Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Shao-Qiu Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Shou-Jin Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China.
| | - Xiao-Jian Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China.
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Scutellaria petiolata Hemsl. ex Lace & Prain (Lamiaceae).: A New Insight in Biomedical Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081446. [PMID: 35892648 PMCID: PMC9331036 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent investigation was designed to explore Scutellaria petiolata Hemsl. ex Lace & Prain (Lamiaceae) whole plant in various extracts (methanol (SPM), dichloromethane (SPDCM), n-Hexane (SPNH), and aqueous (SPAQ) for a phytochemicals assessment, ESI-LC-MS chemical analysis, in vitro antimicrobials, and antioxidants and in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential. The qualitative detection shows that all the representative groups were present in the analyzed samples. The examined samples display the greatest amount of total flavonoid content (TFC, 78.2 ± 0.22 mg QE/mg) and total phenolic contents (TPC, 66.2 ± 0.33 mg GAE/g) in the SPM extract. The SPM extract proceeded to the ESI-LC-MS to identify the chemical constituents that presented nineteen bioactive ingredients, depicted for the first time from S. petiolata mainly contributed by flavonoids. The analyzed samples produced considerable capability to defy the microbes. The SPM extract was observed effective and offered an appreciable zone of inhibition (ZOI), 17.8 ± 0.04 mm against the bacterial strain Salmonellatyphi and 18.8 ± 0.04 mm against Klebsiella pneumonia. Moreover, the SPM extract also exhibited 19.4 ± 0.01 mm against the bacterial strains Bacillus atrophaeus and 18.8 ± 0.04 mm against Bacillus subtilis in comparison to the standard levofloxacin (Gram-negative) and erythromycin (Gram-positive) bacterial strains that displayed 23.6 ± 0.02 mm and 23.2 ± 0.05 mm ZOI, correspondingly. In addition to that, the SPD fraction was noticed efficiently against the fungal strains used with ZOI 19.07 ± 0.02 mm against Aspergillus parasiticus and 18.87 ± 0.04 mm against the Aspergillus niger as equated to the standard with 21.5 ± 0.02 mm ZOI. In the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) analysis, the SPM extract had the maximum scavenging capacity with IC50 of 78.75 ± 0.19 µg/mL succeeded by the SPDCM fraction with an IC50 of 140.50 ± 0.20 µg/mL free radicals scavenging potential. Through the ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay, the similar extract (SPM) presented an IC50 = 85.91 ± 0.24 µg/mL followed by the SPDCM fractions with IC50 = 182.50 ± 0.35 µg/mL, and n-Hexane fractions were reported to be the least active between the tested samples in comparison to ascorbic acid of IC50 = 67.14 ± 0.25 µg/mL for DPPH and IC50 of 69.96 ± 0.18 µg/mL for ABTS assay. In the in vivo activities, the SPM extract was the most effective with 55.14% inhibition as compared to diclofenac sodium with 70.58% inhibition against animals. The same SPM crude extract with 50.88% inhibition had the most analgesic efficacy as compared to aspirin having 62.19% inhibition. Hence, it was assumed from our results that all the tested samples, especially the SPM and SPDCM extracts, have significant capabilities for the investigated activities that could be due to the presence of the bioactive compounds. Further research is needed to isolate the responsible chemical constituents to produce innovative medications.
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Prediction of the Active Components and Mechanism of Forsythia suspensa Leaf against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5643345. [PMID: 35911158 PMCID: PMC9328944 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5643345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Forsythia suspensa leaf (FSL) has been used as a health tea in China for centuries. Previous experiments have proved that FSL extract has a good effect on the antirespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in vitro, but its exact mechanism is not clear. Therefore, this study aims to determine the active components and targets of FSL and further explore its anti-RSV mechanism. Methods UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS was used to analyze the main chemical components of FSL. The compound disease target network, PPI, GO, and KEGG were used to obtain key targets and potential ways. Then, the molecular docking was verified by Schrödinger Maestro software. Next, the cell model of RSV infection was established, and the inhibitory effect of each drug on RSV was detected. Finally, western blotting was used to detect the effect of the active components of FSL on the expression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related protein. Results UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS analysis showed that there were 67 main chemical constituents in FSL, while network pharmacological analysis showed that there were 169 anti-RSV targets of the active components in FSL, involving 177 signal pathways, among which PI3K/AKT signal pathway played an important role in the anti-RSV process of FSL. The results of molecular docking showed that cryptochlorogenic acid, phillyrin, phillygenin, rutin, and rosmarinic acid had higher binding activities to TP53, STAT3, MAPK1, AKT1, and MAPK3, respectively. In vitro experiments showed that phillyrin and rosmarinic acid could effectively improve the survival rate of RSV-infected cells, increase the expression level of PI3K, and decrease the expression level of AKT. Conclusion The active ingredients of FSL, phillyrin, and rosmarinic acid can play an anti-RSV role by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study provides reliable theoretical and experimental support for the anti-RSV treatment of FSL.
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Tang Q, Luan F, Yuan A, Sun J, Rao Z, Wang B, Liu Y, Zeng N. Sophoridine Suppresses Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection by Blocking the Activation of Cellular PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK Pathways. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:872505. [PMID: 35756044 PMCID: PMC9229184 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.872505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous and important human pathogen capable of causing significant clinical diseases ranging from skin damage to encephalitis, particularly in immunocompromised and neonatal hosts. Currently, widely used nucleoside analogs, including acyclovir and penciclovir, have some limitations in their use due to side effects and drug resistance. Herein, we report sophoridine's (SRI) dramatic inhibition of HSV-1 replication in vitro. SRI exhibited a remarkable inhibitory influence on HSV-1 virus-induced cytopathic effect and plaque formation, as well as on progeny viruses in Vero and HeLa cells, with selection indexes (SI) of 38.96 and 22.62, respectively. Moreover, SRI also considerably suppressed HSV-1 replication by hindering the expression of viral immediate-early (ICP0 and ICP22), early (ICP8 and TK), and late (gB and gD) genes and the expression of viral proteins ICP0, gB, and gD. We suggest that SRI can directly inactivate viral particles and block some stages in the life cycle of HSV-1 after adsorption. Further experiments showed that SRI downregulated the cellular PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and obstructed HSV-1 replication even more. Most importantly, SRI markedly repressed HSV-1-induced p38 MAPK pathway activation. Collectively, this natural bioactive alkaloid could be a promising therapeutic candidate against HSV-1 via the modulation of cellular PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of South Western Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Luan
- State Key Laboratory of South Western Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - An Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of South Western Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhili Rao
- State Key Laboratory of South Western Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Baojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of South Western Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of South Western Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of South Western Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Wei H, Guo Z, Long Y, Liu M, Xiao J, Huang L, Yu Q, Li P. Aptamer-Based High-Throughput Screening Model for Efficient Selection and Evaluation of Natural Ingredients against SGIV Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061242. [PMID: 35746713 PMCID: PMC9227401 DOI: 10.3390/v14061242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) causes high economic losses in mariculture. Effective drugs for managing SGIV infection are urgently required. Medicinal plant resources are rich in China. Medicinal plants have a long history and significant curative effects in the treatment of many diseases. Reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR is the most commonly used method for detecting virus infection and assessing antiviral efficacy with high accuracy. However, their applications are limited due to high reagent costs and complex time-consuming operations. Aptamers have been applied in some biosensors to achieve the accurate detection of pathogens or diseases through signal amplification. This study aimed to establish an aptamer-based high-throughput screening (AHTS) model for the efficient selection and evaluation of medicinal plants components against SGIV infection. Q2-AHTS is an expeditious, rapid method for selecting medicinal plant drugs against SGIV, which was characterized as being dram, high-speed, sensitive, and accurate. AHTS strategy reduced work intensity and experimental costs and shortened the whole screening cycle for effective ingredients. AHTS should be suitable for the rapid selection of effective components against other viruses, thus further promoting the development of high-throughput screening technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Wei
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (H.W.); (M.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Zhongbao Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Breeding, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning 530000, China; (Z.G.); (J.X.)
| | - Yu Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wuzhou Medical College, Wuzhou 543000, China;
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (H.W.); (M.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Jun Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Breeding, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning 530000, China; (Z.G.); (J.X.)
| | - Lin Huang
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (H.W.); (M.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Qing Yu
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (H.W.); (M.L.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (P.L.); Tel.: +86-0771-2503976 (P.L.); Fax: +86-0771-2503976 (P.L.)
| | - Pengfei Li
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (H.W.); (M.L.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (P.L.); Tel.: +86-0771-2503976 (P.L.); Fax: +86-0771-2503976 (P.L.)
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Sun P, Zhao W, Wang Q, Chen L, Sun K, Zhan Z, Wang J. Chemical diversity, biological activities and Traditional uses of and important Chinese herb Sophora. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154054. [PMID: 35358931 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sophora flavescens Aiton (SF), also known as Kushen (Chinese:), has been an important species in Chinese medicine since the Qin and Han dynasties. It is also recognized as a plant resource suitable for the globalization of Chinese medicine. Traditionally, it has been used in various ethnic medical systems in East Asia, especially in China, to kill insects and dispel dampness. Sophora flavescens is commonly used for clearing heat-clearing, killing worms, and diuretic. Nowdays, accumulating studies demonstrated its anticancer and cardioprotection. OBJECTIVE OF THE REVIEW This paper aims to systematically review information on the genus, pharmacological and toxicological significance, chemical composition and biological activity of Sophora flavescens. To promoting its development and application. To summarize recent findings regarding to the metabolism, pharmacological/toxicological effects of Sophora flavescens. MATERIAL AND METHODS Online academic databases (including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and CNKI) were searched using search terms of "Sophora flavescens Aiton", "Ku shen", "Pharmacology", "Active ingredient", "Toxicology" and combinations to include published studies of Sophora flavescens Aiton primarily from 1970-2021. Several critical previous studies beyond this period were also included and other related terms. CONCLUSION Sophora flavescens has a broad spectrum of biological activities associated with Sophora flavescens has been considered a valuable resource in both traditional and modern medicine. However, there is a lack of in-depth studies on the medicinal uses of Sophora flavescens. Moreover, further studies on single chemical components should be conducted based on the diversity of chemical structures, significant biological activities and clinical applications. The discovery of its bioactive molecules and multi-component interactions would be of great importance for the clinical application of Sophora flavescens spp. Detailed pharmacological and toxicological studies on the classic prescriptions of Sophora flavescens are also needed. It is more beneficial to the wide application of SF plant and facilitates the worldwide promotion of modern Chinese medicine. However, an increasing number of reports indicate that the administration of Sophora flavescens has serious adverse effects. Its main toxic effects are neurotoxicity and acute toxicity, which have caused widespread concern worldwide. In addition, the alkaloids of Sophora flavescens are distributed in the heart, liver, stomach and large intestine. They are excreted from the body through gluconeogenesis, which is the mode of action of certain therapeutic mechanisms of action such as anticancer. The detailed metabolic study of alkaloids and other components of Sophora flavescens in vivo needs to be further investigated. It is important to improve the pharmacological effects and reduce the toxicity of Sophora flavescens. For this purpose, structural modification of active components of Sophora flavescens or combination with other drugs is very essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan,250355, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan,250355, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Lele Chen
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan,250355, China
| | - Kunkun Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan,250355, China
| | - Zhaoshuang Zhan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan,250355, China;.
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan,250355, China;.
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Ratanakomol T, Roytrakul S, Wikan N, Smith DR. Oroxylin A shows limited antiviral activity towards dengue virus. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:154. [PMID: 35509105 PMCID: PMC9066930 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The mosquito transmitted dengue virus (DENV) the causative agent of dengue fever (DF) remains a significant public health burden in many countries. Thailand, along with many countries in Asia and elsewhere, has a long history of using traditional medicines to combat febrile diseases such as DF. Screening bioactive compounds from traditional medicines reported to have antipyretic or anti-inflammatory activity may lead to the development of potent antivirals. In this study oroxylin A (OA), a flavonoid derivative found in Oroxylum indicum (commonly called the Indian trumpet flower or tree of Damocles), was screened for antiviral activity towards DENV. Results Cytotoxicity analysis in BHK-21 cells showed a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 534.17 µM. The compound showed no direct virucidal activity towards DENV, and pre-treatment of cells had no effect on virus production. A deficit was seen in virus production when cells were post-infection treated with oroxylin A. Under conditions of post-infection treatment, the EC50 value was 201.1 µM, giving a selectivity index (SI) value of 2.66. Accumulation of DENV E protein inside the cell was seen under conditions of post-infection treatment, suggesting that oroxylin A may exert some effects at the virus assembly/egress stages of the replication cycle. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-022-06040-0.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, 73170, Thailand
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, 73170, Thailand.
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Goyal R, Bala R, Sindhu RK, Zehravi M, Madaan R, Ramproshad S, Mondal B, Dey A, Rahman MH, Cavalu S. Bioactive Based Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Viral Infections and SARS-CoV-2. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091530. [PMID: 35564239 PMCID: PMC9104170 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, plants have been used for their medicinal properties. They provide us with many phytomolecules, which serve a synergistic function for human well-being. Along with anti-microbial, plants also possess anti-viral activities. In Western nations, about 50% of medicines were extracted from plants or their constituents. The spread and pandemic of viral diseases are becoming a major threat to public health and a burden on the financial prosperity of communities worldwide. In recent years, SARS-CoV-2 has made a dramatic lifestyle change. This has promoted scientists not to use synthetic anti-virals, such as protease inhibitors, nucleic acid analogs, and other anti-virals, but to study less toxic anti-viral phytomolecules. An emerging approach includes searching for eco-friendly therapeutic molecules to develop phytopharmaceuticals. This article briefly discusses numerous bioactive molecules that possess anti-viral properties, their mode of action, and possible applications in treating viral diseases, with a special focus on coronavirus and various nano-formulations used as a carrier for the delivery of phytoconstituents for improved bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Goyal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (R.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Rajni Bala
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (R.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Rakesh K. Sindhu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (R.B.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.K.S.); (M.H.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (R.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Sarker Ramproshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj 1400, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Banani Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj 1400, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India;
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (R.K.S.); (M.H.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.K.S.); (M.H.R.); (S.C.)
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21
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Chandrashekar N, Subramanian R, Thiruvengadam D. Baicalein inhibits cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis in human A549 cells and benzo(a)pyrene-induced pulmonary carcinogenesis in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23053. [PMID: 35332611 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Our current study is done to explore the possible mechanisms to elaborate on the growth inhibitory effect of baicalein (BE) in human lung carcinoma. Initially, BE (25 and 50 µM) treatment for 24 h, suppressed the viability and inhibited population growth in A549 cells. BE upholds the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with concomitant replenishment of glutathione, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity. The expression level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 markedly increased after BE treatment will intimidate A549 cells proliferation by the ROS-independent pathway via the antioxidant pathway. In vivo investigations were carried out on BE (12 mg/kg, oral) in benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P; 50 mg/kg, oral) induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. BE induces caspase-dependent apoptosis by increasing the levels of cytosolic cytochrome c accompanied by upregulating the outflow of p53, Bax, and caspase-3 with a concomitant abatement in the outflow of Bcl-2 in both in vitro and in vivo. In the murine model, BE treatment hindered the countenance of proliferation-related proteins (argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions and proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Additionally, appraisal of the cell nucleus by transmission electron microscopic assessment uncovered that BE treatment adequately counteracts B(a)P-induced lung cancer cell survival. During the transition of the G0 /G1 phase, BE is arrested in the cell cycle process. This might be the cause of a substantial increase in the appearance of p21Cip1 with concomitant downregulating the expressions of CDK4, cyclin D, and cyclin E both in vitro and in vivo. Our results conclude that BE treatment induced apoptosis and repressed proliferation both in vitro and in vivo of human lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveenkumar Chandrashekar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Indian Academy Degree College - Autonomous, Meganahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghunandhakumar Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaki Thiruvengadam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Identification of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Scutellaria edelbergii: ESI-LC-MS and Computational Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041322. [PMID: 35209111 PMCID: PMC8879825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent study investigated the in vitro anti-diabetic impact of the crude extract (MeOH) and subfractions ethyl acetate (EtOAc); chloroform; n-butanol; n-hexane; and aqueous fraction of S. edelbergii and processed the active EtOAc fraction for the identification of chemical constituents for the first time via ESI-LC-MS analysis through positive ionization mode (PIM) and negative ionization mode (NIM); the identified compounds were further validated through computational analysis via standard approaches. The crude extract and subfractions presented appreciable activity against the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. However, the EtOAc fraction with IC50 = 0.14 ± 0.06 µg/mL revealed the maximum potential among the fractions used, followed by the MeOH and n-hexane extract with IC50 = 1.47 ± 0.14 and 2.18 ± 0.30 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the acarbose showed an IC50 = 377.26 ± 1.20 µg/ mL whereas the least inhibition was observed for the chloroform fraction, with an IC50 = 23.97 ± 0.14 µg/mL. Due to the significance of the EtOAc fraction, when profiled for its chemical constituents, it presented 16 compounds among which the flavonoid class was dominant, and offered eight compounds, of which six were identified in NIM, and two compounds in PIM. Moreover, five terpenoids were identified-three and two in NIM and PIM, respectively-as well as two alkaloids, both of which were detected in PIM. The EtOAc fraction also contained one phenol that was noticed in PIM. The detected flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenols are well-known for their diverse biomedical applications. The potent EtOAc fraction was submitted to computational analysis for further validation of α-glucosidase significance to profile the responsible compounds. The pharmacokinetic estimations and protein-ligand molecular docking results with the support of molecular dynamic simulation trajectories at 100 ns suggested that two bioactive compounds-dihydrocatalpol and leucosceptoside A-from the EtOAc fraction presented excellent drug-like properties and stable conformations; hence, these bioactive compounds could be potential inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase enzyme based on intermolecular interactions with significant residues, docking score, and binding free energy estimation. The stated findings reflect that S. edelbergii is a rich source of bioactive compounds offering potential cures for diabetes mellitus; in particular, dihydrocatalpol and leucosceptoside A could be excellent therapeutic options for the progress of novel drugs to overcome diabetes mellitus.
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23
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In Silico Screening of Potential Phytocompounds from Several Herbs against SARS-CoV-2 Indian Delta Variant B.1.617.2 to Inhibit the Spike Glycoprotein Trimer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In October 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 lineage was discovered in India. It has since become a prominent variant in several Indian regions and 156 countries, including the United States of America. The lineage B.1.617.2 is termed the delta variant, harboring diverse spike mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which may heighten its immune evasion potentiality and cause it to be more transmissible than other variants. As a result, it has sparked substantial scientific investigation into the development of effective vaccinations and anti-viral drugs. Several efforts have been made to examine ancient medicinal herbs known for their health benefits and immune-boosting action against SARS-CoV-2, including repurposing existing FDA-approved anti-viral drugs. No efficient anti-viral drugs are available against the SARS-CoV-2 Indian delta variant B.1.617.2. In this study, efforts were made to shed light on the potential of 603 phytocompounds from 22 plant species to inhibit the Indian delta variant B.1.617.2. We also compared these compounds with the standard drug ceftriaxone, which was already suggested as a beneficial drug in COVID-19 treatment; these compounds were compared with other FDA-approved drugs: remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxy-chloroquine, lopinavir, and ritonavir. From the analysis, the identified phytocompounds acteoside (−7.3 kcal/mol) and verbascoside (−7.1 kcal/mol), from the plants Clerodendrum serratum and Houttuynia cordata, evidenced a strong inhibitory effect against the mutated NTD (MT-NTD). In addition, the phytocompounds kanzonol V (−6.8 kcal/mol), progeldanamycin (−6.4 kcal/mol), and rhodoxanthin (−7.5 kcal/mol), from the plant Houttuynia cordata, manifested significant prohibition against RBD. Nevertheless, the standard drug, ceftriaxone, signals less inhibitory effect against MT-NTD and RBD with binding affinities of −6.3 kcal/mol and −6.5 kcal/mol, respectively. In this study, we also emphasized the pharmacological properties of the plants, which contain the screened phytocompounds. Our research could be used as a lead for future drug design to develop anti-viral drugs, as well as for preening the Siddha formulation to control the Indian delta variant B.1.617.2 and other future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Khan S. Wogonin and alleviation of hyperglycemia via inhibition of DAG mediated PKC expression. A brief insight. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1365-1371. [PMID: 34711151 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666211027113349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of protein kinase enzymes that can phosphorylate other proteins and influence their functions, such as signal transduction, cell survival, and death. Increased diacylglycerol (DAG) concentrations, which are typically observed raised in hyperglycemic situations such as diabetes mellitus, can also activate PKC enzymes (DM). On the other hand, PKC isomers have been shown to play an essential role in diabetes and many hyperglycemic complications, most importantly atherosclerosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). As a result, blocking PKC activation via DAG can prevent hyperglycemia and related consequences, such as DCM. Wogonin is a herbal medicine which has anti-inflammatory properties, and investigations show that it scavenge oxidative radicals, attenuate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity, inhibit several essential cell cycle regulatory genes, block nitric oxide (NO) and suppress cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Furthermore, several investigations show that wogonin also attenuates diacylglycerol DAG levels in diabetic mice. Since the DAG-PKC pathway is linked with hyperglycemia and its complications, Wogonin-mediated DAG-PKC attenuation can help treat hyperglycemia and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Khan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Hubei, Wuhan. China
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25
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Liu X, Huang Z, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Wu M, Ma Z, Cao H. Comparisons of the anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and hemostatic activities and chemical profiles of raw and charred Schizonepetae Spica. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114275. [PMID: 34087404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A common view in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory is that "processing can alter the efficacy of crude drugs". The clinical usage of some processed products may have already changed greatly over time during the development of modern scientific analysis. Therefore, the view of "processing can alter the efficacy of crude drugs" should be confirmed by comparative studies. Schizonepetae Spica (SS), a Chinese medicinal herb, is the dried spike of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. It is available in two forms: raw products and charred products (Schizonepetae Spica Carbonisata, SSC; raw SS processed by stir-frying until carbonization). Raw SS is commonly used to treat TCM symptoms that resemble common cold, fever, respiratory tract infection and allergic dermatitis, while SSC has long been used as a remedy for TCM symptoms that resemble bloody stool and metrorrhagia. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to examine whether stir-fry processing alters the anti-inflammatory, antiviral and hemostatic activities of SS and explore the chemical profile behind the potential changes in medicinal properties caused by stir-fry processing. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used cell models to examine the anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects of raw SS and SSC. The bleeding time of the tail bleeding model and clotting time of the capillary method in mice were used to compare the hemostasis properties of raw SS and SSC. The chemical profiles of SS and SSC were compared using a method combining gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/Q-TOF-MS) analysis. RESULTS The anti-inflammatory effects of SSC were less potent than those of raw SS. Both raw SS and SSC effectively inhibited viral infection in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 96.30 and 9.73 μg/mL and selectivity index (SI) values of >1.56 and 7.78, respectively. Interestingly, SSC showed more potent antiviral activities than raw SS. Intragastric administration of raw SS and SSC to mice demonstrated that the hemostatic effects of SSC were more potent than those of raw SS. By comparing the volatile chemical profiles of SSC, we found that twenty-nine constituents disappeared and that fifty-four new constituents were formed while the relative contents of five other components decreased and three other components increased. Additionally, the nonvolatile chemical profiles of raw SS and SSC differed, with thirty-two lower peaks and seven higher peaks in SSC than in SS. CONCLUSION Our study showed that raw SS and SSC support traditional practice for the clinical applications of these two products except for raw SS used for the treatment of viral infection. It is a fascinating challenge to form SSCs with both traditional hemostatic activities and antiviral properties after stir-fry processing. In addition, the volatile and nonvolatile chemical constituents of raw SS changed dramatically during processing. Further studies are warranted to explore whether the change in chemical constituents is in accordance with the purpose of processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindan Liu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China; School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zihan Huang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jinju Zhang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Lingnan Resources Branch, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Technology, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Menghua Wu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Lingnan Resources Branch, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Technology, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiguo Ma
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Lingnan Resources Branch, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Technology, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Cao
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China; National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Lingnan Resources Branch, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Technology, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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26
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Tronina T, Mrozowska M, Bartmańska A, Popłoński J, Sordon S, Huszcza E. Simple and Rapid Method for Wogonin Preparation and Its Biotransformation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168973. [PMID: 34445678 PMCID: PMC8396506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wogonin is one of the most active flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (baikal skullcap), widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. It exhibits a broad spectrum of health-promoting and therapeutic activities. Together with baicalein, it is considered to be the one of main active ingredients of Chinese medicines for the management of COVID-19. However, therapeutic use of wogonin may be limited due to low market availability connected with its low content in baikal skullcap and lack of efficient preparative methods for obtaining this compound. Although the amount of wogonin in skullcap root often does not exceed 0.5%, this material is rich in wogonin glucuronide, which may be used as a substrate for wogonin production. In the present study, a rapid, simple, cheap and effective method of wogonin and baicalein preparation, which provides gram quantities of both flavonoids, is proposed. The obtained wogonin was used as a substrate for biotransformation. Thirty-six microorganisms were tested in screening studies. The most efficient were used in enlarged scale transformations to determine metabolism of this xenobiotic. The major phase I metabolism product was 4′-hydroxywogonin—a rare flavonoid which exhibits anticancer activity—whereas phase II metabolism products were glucosides of wogonin. The present studies complement and extend the knowledge on the effect of substitution of A- and B-ring on the regioselective glycosylation of flavonoids catalyzed by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tronina
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.B.); (J.P.); (S.S.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71320-5019
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Bartmańska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.B.); (J.P.); (S.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Jarosław Popłoński
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.B.); (J.P.); (S.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Sandra Sordon
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.B.); (J.P.); (S.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Ewa Huszcza
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.B.); (J.P.); (S.S.); (E.H.)
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27
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He Q, Chen X, Yang X, Li G, Guo H, Chu H, Lin Z, Wang Y. Virtual Screening of Chinese Medicine Small Molecule Compounds Targeting SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease (3CL pro). LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999201001161017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has attracted worldwide attention due to
its high infectivity and pathogenicity.
Objective:
The purpose of this study is to develop drugs with therapeutic potentials for COVID-19.
Methods:
we selected the crystal structure of 3CL pro to perform virtual screening against natural
products in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform
(TCMSP). Then, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out to explore the binding
mode between compounds and 3CL pro.
Results and Discussion:
A total of 6 candidates with good theoretical binding affinity to 3CL pro were
identified. The binding mode after MD shows that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction play
an important role in the binding process. Finally, based on the free binding energy analysis, the candidate
natural product Gypenoside LXXV may bind to 3CL pro with high binding affinity.
Conclusion:
The natural product Gypenoside LXXV may have good potential anti-SARS-COV-2
activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiu He
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054,China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054,China
| | - Xi Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054,China
| | - Guangpin Li
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054,China
| | - Haiqiong Guo
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054,China
| | - Han Chu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054,China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054,China
| | - Yuanqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054,China
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28
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Lv Y, Wang S, Liang P, Wang Y, Zhang X, Jia Q, Fu J, Han S, He L. Screening and evaluation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 components from Ephedra sinica by ACE2/CMC-HPLC-IT-TOF-MS approach. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2995-3004. [PMID: 33608752 PMCID: PMC7895511 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines played an important role in the treatment of COVID-19 in 2020. Ephedra sinica, one of the major constituent herbs of multi-component herbal formula, has been widely used to treat COVID-19 in China. However, its active components are still unclear. The objectives of this study are to screen and evaluate active components from the traditional Chinese medicine Ephedra sinica for the treatment of COVID-19. In our study, we established an ACE2/CMC bioaffinity chromatography model, and then developed an ACE2/CMC-HPLC-IT-TOF-MS system for the active compounds screening and identification from Ephedra sinica extract. We performed molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays to assess the binding characteristics (binding mode and KD value). We used CCK-8 staining to assess the toxicity of screened compounds, and also used SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus to observe the viropexis effect of screened compounds in ACE2h cells. In this current work, one fraction was fished out, separated and identified as ephedrine (EP), pseudoephedrine (PEP), and methylephedrine (MEP). Binding assays showed that the three compounds could bind with ACE2 in a special way to some amino acid residues, similar to the way SARS-CoV-2 bound with ACE2. Additionally, the three compounds, especially EP, can inhibit the entrance of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus into ACE2h cells because they can reduce the entrance ratio of pseudovirus in the pseudovirus model. Overall, the ACE2/CMC-HPLC-IT-TOF-MS system was established and verified to be suitable for ACE2-targeted bioactive compound screening. EP, PEP, and MEP with ACE2-binding features were screened out from Ephedra sinica, and acted as blockers inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus entering ACE2h cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Saisai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peida Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengli Han
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China. .,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
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29
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Wang X, Dong W, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Liu X, Guo C. Antiviral Mechanism of Tea Polyphenols against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020202. [PMID: 33668502 PMCID: PMC7917843 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neither inactivated nor attenuated vaccines can effectively prevent and control the infection and spread of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Therefore, it is necessary to broaden new horizons and to conceive effective preventive strategies. The main components of Tea polyphenol (TPP) are catechins and their derivatives. TPP has many physiological activities and has certain antiviral and antifungal effects. However, whether TPP shows anti-PRRSV activity remains unclear. We found that TPP effectively inhibited PRRSV infection in Marc-145 cells by suppressing the stages of viral attachment, internalization, replication, and release. TPP exhibited a potent anti-PRRSV effect regardless of pre-treatment or post-treatment. In addition, we demonstrated that TPP restrained PRRSV-induced p65 entry into the nucleus to suppress the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which ultimately leads to the inhibition of the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, TPP limited the synthesis of viral non-structural protein 2 (nsp2), the core component of viral replication transcription complexes, which may contribute to the inhibition of viral RNA replication. TPP has the potential to develop into an effective antiviral agent for PRRSV prevention and control in the future.
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Saleh MSM, Kamisah Y. Potential Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Dengue Fever and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus. Biomolecules 2020; 11:42. [PMID: 33396926 PMCID: PMC7824034 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While dengue virus (DENV) infection imposes a serious challenge to the survival of humans worldwide, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) remains the most devastating pandemic in human history. A significant number of studies have shown that plant-derived substances could serve as potential candidates for the development of safe and efficacious remedies for combating these diseases. Different scientific databases were used to source for literature on plants used against these infections. Thirty-five studies described the traditional use of 25 species from 20 families for treating DENV infection with Carica papaya and Euphorbia hirta were the most widely used across different regions. 13 in vivo studies, 32 in vitro studies, and eight clinical studies were conducted on 30 species from 25 families against different DENV serotypes, while plants from 13 families were reported to inhibit different forms of SARS-CoV, all of which were investigated through in vitro studies. Phytoconstituents belonging to various chemical classes were identified to show a wide range of antiviral activity against these infections. Extensive studies on the potentials of medicinal plants are needed to confirm their efficacy. This paper reveals the capabilities of medicinal plants and their phytochemicals in inhibiting DENV and SARS-CoV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
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31
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Mycotoxins as inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases from the deep-sea-derived fungus Aspergillus puniceus SCSIO z021. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104571. [PMID: 33373758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nine new xanthone-type and anthraquinone-type mycotoxins including austocystins J-N (1-5), 7-chloro versicolorin A (6), 3'-hydroxy-8-O-methyl versicolorin B (7), 8-O-methyl versiconol (8) and 2',3'-dihydroxy versiconol (9), together with 17 known analogues (10-26) were isolated from an extract of the deep-sea-derived fungus Aspergillus puniceus SCSIO z021. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data, and their absolute configurations were further determined by quantum chemical calculations of ECD spectra or comparison of the experimental ECD spectra. Eleven hydrogenated austocystins were synthesized from 1-2, 10-15 and 17 by catalytic hydrogenation for bioactivities evaluation. Totally, 18 of the all 37 compounds showed strong toxicity against brine shrimps or Vero cell, and the toxicity of 8-O-methyldemethylsterigmatocystin (18) (LC50 = 0.020 µM) against brine shrimps was higher than those of three positive controls. In addition, 22 of the isolated compounds also exhibited significant inhibitory activity against seven different protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), among them austocystin H (15) and methyl-averantin (24) were the most potent inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.20-3.0 µM. Their structure-bioactivity relationship was also discussed.
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Liu M, Yu Q, Xiao H, Li M, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Li P. The Inhibitory Activities and Antiviral Mechanism of Medicinal Plant Ingredient Quercetin Against Grouper Iridovirus Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:586331. [PMID: 33178170 PMCID: PMC7596301 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.586331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) causes high mortality rates in mariculture, and effective treatments against SGIV infection are urgently required. Illicium verum Hook. f. (I. verum) is a well-known medicinal plant with a variety of biological activities. The natural ingredient quercetin isolated from I. verum could effectively inhibit SGIV infection in a dose-dependent manner. The possible antiviral mechanism of quercetin was further analyzed in this study. It showed that quercetin did obvious damages to SGIV particles. Furthermore, quercetin could interfere with SGIV binding to targets on host cells (by 76.14%), disturb SGIV invading into host cells (by 56.03%), and effect SGIV replication in host cells (by 52.73%), respectively. Quercetin had the best antiviral effects during the SGIV life cycle of binding to the receptors on host cells' membranes. Overall, the results suggest that quercetin has direct and host-mediated antiviral effects against SGIV and holds great potential for developing effective drugs to control SGIV infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Beibu Gulf Marine Industrial Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Beibu Gulf Marine Industrial Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Hehe Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Beibu Gulf Marine Industrial Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Beibu Gulf Marine Industrial Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaming Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, School of Marine Science and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, School of Marine Science and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Beibu Gulf Marine Industrial Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
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Huynh DL, Ngau TH, Nguyen NH, Tran GB, Nguyen CT. Potential therapeutic and pharmacological effects of Wogonin: an updated review. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9779-9789. [PMID: 33165817 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are members of polyphenolic compounds, which are naturally presented in fruits, vegetables, and some medicinal plants. Traditionally, the root of Scutellaria baicalensis is widely used as Chinese herbal medicine and contains several major bioactive compounds such as Wogonin, Scutellarein, Baicalein, and Baicalin. Experimental and clinical evidence has been proving that Wogonin exhibits diverse biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, and treatment of bacterial and viral infections. In this review, we summarize and emphasize the benefits of Wogonin as a therapeutic adjuvant for anti-viral infection, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection as well as anxiolytic and anticonvulsant. Moreover, the molecular mechanism(s) how Wogonin mediates the cellular signal pathways and immune responses are also discussed and highlighted valuable properties of Wogonin in multiple therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Luong Huynh
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Hoang Ngau
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh University of Food and Industry, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoai Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, 97 Vo Van Tan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Gia-Buu Tran
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology and Food-Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Cuong Thach Nguyen
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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34
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Din M, Ali F, Waris A, Zia F, Ali M. Phytotherapeutic options for the treatment of COVID-19: A concise viewpoint. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2431-2437. [PMID: 32815574 PMCID: PMC7461328 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Misbahud Din
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Fawad Ali
- Department of PharmacyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Abdul Waris
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Fatima Zia
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
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35
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You L, Yang C, Du Y, Wang W, Sun M, Liu J, Ma B, Pang L, Zeng Y, Zhang Z, Dong X, Yin X, Ni J. A Systematic Review of the Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics of Matrine. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:01067. [PMID: 33041782 PMCID: PMC7526649 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine (MT) is a naturally occurring alkaloid and an bioactive component of Chinese herbs, such as Sophora flavescens and Radix Sophorae tonkinensis. Emerging evidence suggests that MT possesses anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-allergic, antinociceptive, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. These pharmacological properties form the foundation for its application in the treatment of various diseases, such as multiple types of cancers, hepatitis, skin diseases, allergic asthma, diabetic cardiomyopathy, pain, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. However, an increasing number of published studies indicate that MT has serious adverse effects, the most obvious being liver toxicity and neurotoxicity, which are major factors limiting its clinical use. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that MT has low oral bioavailability and short half-life in vivo. This review summarizes the latest advances in research on the pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of MT, with a focus on its biological properties and mechanism of action. The review provides insight into the future of research on traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longtai You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyi Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baorui Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linnuo Pang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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36
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Wang H, Xia C, Chen L, Zhao J, Tao W, Zhang X, Wang J, Gao X, Yong J, Duan JA. Phytochemical Information and Biological Activities of Quinolizidine Alkaloids in Sophora: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1572-1586. [PMID: 31215388 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190618125816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quinolizidine alkaloids, a main form of alkaloids found in the genus Sophora, have been shown to have many pharmacological effects. This review aims to summarize the photochemical reports and biological activities of quinolizidine alkaloids in Sophora. The collected information suggested that a total of 99 quinolizidine alkaloids were isolated and detected from different parts of Sophora plants, represented by lupinine-type, cytisine-type, sparteine-type, and matrine-type. However, quality control needs to be monitored because it could provide basic information for the reasonable and efficient use of quinolizidine alkaloids as medicines and raw materials. The nonmedicinal parts may be promising to be used as a source of quinolizidine alkaloid raw materials and to reduce the waste of resources and environmental pollution. In addition, the diversity of chemical compounds based on the alkaloid scaffold to make a biological compound library needs to be extended, which may reduce toxicity and find new bioactivities of quinolizidine alkaloids. The bioactivities most reported are in the fields of antitumor activity along with the effects on the cardiovascular system. However, those studies rely on theoretical research, and novel drugs based on quinolizidine alkaloids are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.,Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Changbo Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Center for Translational Syhstems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jianhuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xiaojuan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jingjiao Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing 210023, China
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Chu Y, Lv X, Zhang L, Fu X, Song S, Su A, Chen D, Xu L, Wang Y, Wu Z, Yun Z. Wogonin inhibits in vitro herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection by modulating cellular NF-κB and MAPK pathways. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:227. [PMID: 32723300 PMCID: PMC7388529 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wogonin, a natural flavonoid-like chemical compound, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, neuroprotective, and anxiolytic effects by modulating a variety of cellular signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt, p53, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In this study, its antiviral effect against herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) replication was investigated. RESULTS Wogonin suppressed HSV-2-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) and reduced viral mRNA transcription, viral protein synthesis, and infectious virion particle titers in a dose-dependent manner. A time-of-drug-addition assay demonstrated that wogonin acted as a postentry viral inhibitor. Wogonin also significantly reduced HSV-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathway activation, which has previously been demonstrated to be important for viral replication. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the anti-herpes effect of wogonin may be mediated by modulation of cellular NF-κB and JNK/p38 MAPK pathways and imply that wogonin may be useful as an anti-HSV agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chu
- Clinical Laboratory, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213017, China.
| | - Xiaowen Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Longfeng Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xingli Fu
- Health Science Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Siwei Song
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Airong Su
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Deyan Chen
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lianhong Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213017, China
| | - Yongfang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213017, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhihua Yun
- Clinical Laboratory, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213017, China.
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38
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Zhang BD, Cheng JX, Zhang CF, Bai YD, Liu WY, Li W, Koike K, Akihisa T, Feng F, Zhang J. Sauropus androgynus L. Merr.-A phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112778. [PMID: 32205260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sauropus androgynus L. Merr is an underexploited perennial shrub traditionally used as a medicinal plant in South Asia and Southeast Asia. The plant is regarded as not just a green vegetable for diet, but as a traditional herb for certain aliments. For instance, it has traditionally been used to relieve fever, to treat ulcers and diabetes, to promote lactation and eyesight, and to reduce obesity. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper aims to review the botany, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacological activities of S. androgynus, and discuss the known chemical constituents at work in S. androgynus-induced bronchiolitis obliterans for providing new ideas to the mechanism of the disease and pharmacology research of the plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data presented in this review were collected from published literatures as well as the electronic databases of PubMed, CNKI, Web of Science, SCI finder, ACS, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, Taylor, Google Scholar, and a number of unpublished resources, (e.g. books, and Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations). RESULTS The scientific literature indicates that S. androgynus is a valuable and popular herbal medicine whose nutritional value is also higher than that of other commonly used vegetables. Phytochemical analyses identified high content of fatty acids, flavonoids, and polyphenols as the major bioactive components in S. androgynus. Crude extracts and phytochemical compounds isolated from S. androgynus show a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, skin whitening, anti-diabetic, and immunoregulatory activities. The traditional use, such as increasing lactation, treating ulcers and diabetes, and reducing obesity, have been evaluated and studied with various methods. Numerous reports have revealed the unusual link between the consumption of S. androgynus and the induction of a chronic and irreversible obstructive disease (namely, bronchiolitis obliterans), indicating that the toxicity and side effects of this plant that is presently used in health care and medicine are a major area of concern. CONCLUSION Though little importance was attached to this green plant, S. androgynus has notable phytochemical constituents and various pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity activities. Studies have firmly established the association between excessive consumption of the uncooked S. androgynus juice over a period of time and the occurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans. It is inadvisable to ingest excessive amounts of S. androgynus before fully understanding the pathogenesis and induction mechanism of this fatal disease. The phytochemistry of S. androgynus, its pharmacology for traditional use, S. androgynus-induced bronchiolitis obliterans still need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Dou Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jia-Xin Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chao-Feng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi-Dan Bai
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akihisa
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China; Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Feng Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223003, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223003, China.
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Liu M, Yu Q, Xiao H, Yi Y, Cheng H, Putra DF, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Li P. Antiviral activity of Illicium verum Hook. f. extracts against grouper iridovirus infection. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:531-540. [PMID: 32100315 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Grouper iridovirus causes high mortality rates in cultured groupers, and effective treatment for grouper iridovirus infection is urgently required. Illicium verum Hook. f. is a well-known medicinal plant with a variety of biological activities. The aim of this study was to analyse the use of I. verum extracts to treat grouper iridovirus infection. The safe working concentration of each I. verum extract was identified both in vitro and in vivo as follows: I. verum aqueous extract (IVAE) ≤ 500 μg/ml; I. verum ethanol extract (IVEE) ≤ 250 μg/ml; shikimic acid (SKA) ≤ 250 μg/ml; trans-anethole (TAT) ≤ 800 μg/ml; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DDBA) ≤ 400 μg/ml; and quercetin (QCE) ≤ 50 μg/ml. The inhibitory activity of each I. verum extract against grouper iridovirus infection was analysed using aptamer (Q2)-based fluorescent molecular probe (Q2-AFMP) and RT-qPCR. All of the I. verum extracts displayed dose-dependent antiviral activities against grouper iridovirus. Based on the achieved per cent inhibition, IVAE, IVEE, DDBA and QCE were associated with the greatest antiviral activity (all > 90%). Together, our results indicate that I. verum extracts have effective antiviral properties, making it an excellent potential source material for the development of effective treatment for grouper iridovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, School of Marine Science and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Hehe Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | | | - Yaming Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, School of Marine Science and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, School of Marine Science and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
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Dasanayaka SAHK, Nong XH, Liang X, Liang JQ, Amin M, Qi SH. New dibenzodioxocinone and pyran-3,5-dione derivatives from the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium canescens SCSIO z053. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:338-345. [PMID: 30835537 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1575819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new isopentylated dibenzodioxocinone, canescenin A (1), and a new isopentylated pyran-3,5-dione derivative, canescenin B (2), were isolated from an extract of the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium canescens SCSIO z053. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. It was rare to obtain pyran-3,5-dione derivatives from nature. Antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antiviral activities of 1 and 2 were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A H K Dasanayaka
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu-Hua Nong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Qiu Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Muhammad Amin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shu-Hua Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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Li RJ, Kuang XP, Wang WJ, Wan CP, Li WX. Comparison of chemical constitution and bioactivity among different parts of Lonicera japonica Thunb. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:614-622. [PMID: 31597198 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lonicera japonica Thunb is a common herb in East Asia. The flower buds are usually regarded as the traditional medicinal part, while leaves and stems are considered less valuable and receive little attention. This study compared the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory effects of the different tissues in L. japonica Thunb for the first time. RESULTS Thirty compounds were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode detector-quadrupole / time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS/MS) analysis. Hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and iridoids were identified as the major components. The flower buds (FLJ), leaves (LLJ), and stems (SLJ) of L. japonica Thunb showed strong similarities in chemical components. The LLJ contained higher levels of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids than the FLJ and SLJ. Furthermore, FLJ, LLJ, and SLJ exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity in croton oil-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema assays in mice. Moreover, FLJ, LLJ, and SLJ showed a cytoprotective effect on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Lipopolysaccharide-induced increases in nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were suppressed by treatments of FLJ, LLJ, and SLJ, respectively. The LLJ possessed a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than the FLJ. CONCLUSION Leaves and stems of L. japonica Thunb have chemical components and anti-inflammatory properties similar to flower buds, and may become alternative or supplementary sources of flower buds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jiao Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, PR China
| | - Xiu-Ping Kuang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, PR China
| | - Chun-Ping Wan
- Central Laboratory, The No. 1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, PR China
| | - Wei-Xi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, PR China
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Ginsenoside Rg1 Suppresses Type 2 PRRSV Infection via NF-κB Signaling Pathway In Vitro, and Provides Partial Protection against HP-PRRSV in Piglet. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111045. [PMID: 31717616 PMCID: PMC6893584 DOI: 10.3390/v11111045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a huge threat to the modern pig industry, and current vaccine prevention strategies could not provide full protection against it. Therefore, exploring new anti-PRRSV strategies is urgently needed. Ginsenoside Rg1, derived from ginseng and notoginseng, is shown to exert anti-inflammatory, neuronal apoptosis-suppressing and anti-oxidant effects. Here we demonstrate Rg1-inhibited PRRSV infection both in Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in a dose-dependent manner. Rg1 treatment affected multiple steps of the PRRSV lifecycle, including virus attachment, replication and release at concentrations of 10 or 50 µM. Meanwhile, Rg1 exhibited broad inhibitory activities against Type 2 PRRSV, including highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) XH-GD and JXA1, NADC-30-like strain HNLY and classical strain VR2332. Mechanistically, Rg1 reduced mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α, and decreased NF-κB signaling activation triggered by PRRSV infection. Furthermore, 4-week old piglets intramuscularly treated with Rg1 after being challenged with the HP-PRRSV JXA1 strain display moderate lung injury, decreased viral load in serum and tissues, and an improved survival rate. Collectively, our study provides research basis and supportive clinical data for using Ginsenoside Rg1 in PRRSV therapies in swine.
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Zhao Q, Chang W, Chen R, Liu Y. Anti-Proliferative Effect of Wogonin on Ovary Cancer Cells Involves Activation of Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8465-8471. [PMID: 31707402 PMCID: PMC6865227 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to investigate the effect of wogonin on Caov-3 and A2780 ovary cancer cell proliferation and the mechanisms involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell viability changes and apoptosis induction by wogonin were assessed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenytetrazolium bromide) assay and fluorescence microscopy. Morphological examination of cells was performed using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Wogonin exhibited inhibitory effect on Caov-3 and A2780 cancer cell proliferation in a concentration-based manner. Caov-3 and A2780 cell proliferation was reduced to 18% and 21%, respectively on treatment with 200 μM concentration of wogonin. Treatment with wogonin significantly enhanced the percentage of A2780 cells showing apoptosis. The nuclear membrane degradation and condensation of chromatin material was evident in A2780 cells on treatment with wogonin. Treatment of A2780 cells with wogonin suppressed the migration potential significantly. The proportion of A2780 cells in G1/G0 phase was markedly raised on exposure to wogonin for 48 hours. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study demonstrated that wogonin acts as an ovary cancer cell proliferation inhibiting agent through activation of apoptosis. Wogonin, therefore, can be investigated further for the development of ovary cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Zhao
- Department of Cadres Medical Care, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Weiwei Chang
- Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Rui Chen
- Shandong Long Tai Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Peritore AF, Siracusa R, Crupi R, Cuzzocrea S. Therapeutic Efficacy of Palmitoylethanolamide and Its New Formulations in Synergy with Different Antioxidant Molecules Present in Diets. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2175. [PMID: 31514292 PMCID: PMC6769461 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of a complete nutritional approach seems increasingly promising to combat chronic inflammation. The choice of healthy sources of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, associated with regular physical activity and avoidance of smoking is essential to fight the war against chronic diseases. At the base of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant action of the diets, there are numerous molecules, among which some of a lipidic nature very active in the inflammatory pathway. One class of molecules found in diets with anti-inflammatory actions are ALIAmides. Among all, one is particularly known for its ability to counteract the inflammatory cascade, the Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). PEA is a molecular that is present in nature, in numerous foods, and is endogenously produced by our body, which acts as a balancer of inflammatory processes, also known as endocannabionoid-like. PEA is often used in the treatment of both acute and chronic inflammatory pathologies, either alone or in association with other molecules with properties, such as antioxidants or analgesics. This review aims to illustrate an overview of the different diets that are involved in the process of opposition to the inflammatory cascade, focusing on capacity of PEA and new formulations in synergy with other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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Qi X, Fang H, Chen Z, Liu Z, Yu X, Liang C. Ectopic Expression of a R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor Gene LjaMYB12 from Lonicera japonica Increases Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184494. [PMID: 31514380 PMCID: PMC6770605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonicera japonica Thunb. is a widely used medicinal plant and is rich in a variety of active ingredients. Flavonoids are one of the important components in L. japonica and their content is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of this herb. To study the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in L. japonica, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene LjaMYB12 was isolated and characterized. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that LjaMYB12 belonged to the subgroup 7, with a typical R2R3 DNA-binding domain and conserved subgroup 7 motifs. The transcriptional level of LjaMYB12 was proportional to the total flavonoid content during the development of L. japonica flowers. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that LjaMYB12 localized to the nucleus. Transactivation activity assay indicated that LjaMYB12 was a transcriptional activator. Then, ectopic expression of LjaMYB12 in Arabidopsis could increase PAL activity and flavonoid content and promote transcription of a range of flavonoid biosynthetic genes. Interestingly, the fold changes of downstream genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were significantly higher than that of the upstream genes, which suggested that LjaMYB12 may have different regulatory patterns for the upstream and downstream pathways of flavonoid biosynthesis. The results provided here will effectively facilitate the study of subgroup 7 MYBs and transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in L. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwu Qi
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Hailing Fang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zequn Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xu Yu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China.
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7145, USA.
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Yang B, Zhong Z, Wang T, Ou Y, Tian J, Komatsu S, Zhang L. Integrative omics of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Flower development unravels molecular changes regulating secondary metabolites. J Proteomics 2019; 208:103470. [PMID: 31374363 PMCID: PMC7102679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lonicera japonica Thunb. is an important medicinal plant. The secondary metabolites in L. japonica are diverse and vary in levels during development, leading to the ambiguous evaluation for its medical value. In order to reveal the regulatory mechanism of secondary metabolites during the flowering stages, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses were performed. The integration analysis of omic-data illustrated that the metabolic changes over the flower developmental stages were mainly involved in sugar metabolism, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, carbon conversion, and secondary metabolism. Further proteomic analysis revealed that uniquely identified proteins were mainly involved in glycolysis/phenylpropanoids and tricarboxylic acid cycle/terpenoid backbone pathways in early and late stages, respectively. Transketolase was commonly identified in the 5 developmental stages and 2-fold increase in gold flowering stage compared with juvenile bud stage. Simple phenylpropanoids/flavonoids and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate were accumulated in early stages and upregulated in late stages, respectively. These results indicate that phenylpropanoids were accumulated attributing to the activated glycolysis process in the early stages, while the terpenoids biosynthetic pathways might be promoted by the transketolase-contained regulatory circuit in the late stages of L. japonica flower development. Biological Significance Lonicera japonica Thunb. is a native species in the East Asian and used in traditional Chinese medicine. In order to reveal the regulatory mechanism of secondary metabolites during the flowering stages, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses were performed. The integration analysis of omic-data illustrated that the metabolic changes over the flower developmental stages were mainly involved in sugar metabolism, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, carbon conversion, and secondary metabolism. Our results indicate that phenylpropanoids were accumulated attributing to the activated glycolysis process in the early stages, while the terpenoids biosynthetic pathways might be promoted by the transketolase-contained regulatory circuit in the late stages of L. japonica flower development. Metabolic changes were mainly involved in sugar metabolism, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and carbon conversion. The unique DAPs were mainly involved in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle in early and late stages, respectively. Transketolase was commonly identified and 2-fold increase in gold flowering stage compared with juvenile bud stage. Simple phenylpropanoids/flavonoids and DXPS were accumulated in early stages and upregulated in late stages, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxian Yang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhuoheng Zhong
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tantan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuting Ou
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Anti-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Activity of Plantago asiatica and Clerodendrum trichotomum Extracts In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070604. [PMID: 31277257 PMCID: PMC6669655 DOI: 10.3390/v11070604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbs Plantago asiatica and Clerodendrum trichotomum have been commonly used for centuries in indigenous and folk medicine in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In this study, we show that extracts from these herbs have antiviral effects against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in vitro cell cultures and an in vivo mouse model. Treatment of HEp2 cells and A549 cells with a non-cytotoxic concentration of Plantago asiatica or Clerodendrum trichotomum extract significantly reduced RSV replication, RSV-induced cell death, RSV gene transcription, RSV protein synthesis, and also blocked syncytia formation. Interestingly, oral inoculation with each herb extract significantly improved viral clearance in the lungs of BALB/c mice. Based on reported information and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the phenolic glycoside acteoside was identified as an active chemical component of both herb extracts. An effective dose of acteoside exhibited similar antiviral effects as each herb extract against RSV in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that extracts of Plantago asiatica and Clerodendrum trichotomum could provide a potent natural source of an antiviral drug candidate against RSV infection.
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Isola G, Matarese M, Ramaglia L, Iorio-Siciliano V, Cordasco G, Matarese G. Efficacy of a drug composed of herbal extracts on postoperative discomfort after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar: a randomized, triple-blind, controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:2443-2453. [PMID: 30311061 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated and compared the effectiveness of a phytotherapeutic drug composed of herbal extracts on postsurgical discomfort after mandibular third molar surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-two patients requiring the surgical removal of a mandibular third molar were randomly assigned to receive placebo (group 1), ibuprofen (group 2), and a phytotherapeutic drug (composed of baicalin, 190 mg; bromelain, 50 mg; escin, 30 mg) (group 3). Drugs were administered after tooth extraction twice a day for 5 days. The primary outcome, pain, was evaluated using a visual analogue scale at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 7 and 10 days after surgery. The secondary outcomes were the changes in maximum mouth opening and facial contours (mm) between baseline and at 24 h, 72 h, and 7 and 10 days after surgery. RESULTS Compared to the baseline, all treatments demonstrated an improvement in the primary and secondary outcomes. Moreover, compared to groups 1 and 2, patients in group 3 yielded a significant reduction of the postoperative pain score at 12 h (p < 0.001), 24 h (p = 0.010), and 48 h (p = 0.048) after surgery. The mean reduction of the swelling and trismus was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that a postoperative administration of a phytotherapeutic drug was found to be effective in postoperative pain management after the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The phytotherapeutic drug composed of herbal extract determined a decrease in the severity of postoperative pain compared to ibuprofen and placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico "G. Martino", Via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Via G. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Matarese
- Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico "G. Martino", Via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Ramaglia
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Via G. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Iorio-Siciliano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Via G. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cordasco
- Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico "G. Martino", Via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Matarese
- Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico "G. Martino", Via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
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Lee HW, Yoon SR, Lee HM, Lee JY, Kim SH, Ha JH. Use of RT-qPCR with combined intercalating dye and sodium lauroyl sarcosinate pretreatment to evaluate the virucidal activity of halophyte extracts against norovirus. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang SJ, Zhao JK, Ren S, Sun WW, Zhang WJ, Zhang JN. Wogonin affects proliferation and the energy metabolism of SGC-7901 and A549 cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:911-918. [PMID: 30651880 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have focused on the identification of therapeutic targets for the treatment of certain types of cancer. Wogonin is a natural flavonoid compound that exhibits a potent anti-cancer effect. The underlying mechanism of wogonin may therefore reveal an effective way to identify novel therapeutic targets. In the current study, growth curves and MTT assays were performed to determine the effects of wogonin in human gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901) and human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549), respectively. Changes in morphology were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The activities of key enzymes in the glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle were measured using spectrophotometry. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and monocarboxylate transporter-4 (MCT-4). Wogonin inhibited cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner in SGC-7901 and A549 cells. H&E staining suggested that wogonin induced cell morphology changes. In SGC-7901 cells, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation were decreased significantly by wogonin treatment compared with the untreated control. In A549 cells, wogonin significantly reduced LDH activity, but exhibited no significant effects on kinase activities or ATP generation. Furthermore, wogonin significantly decreased HIF-1α and MCT-4 protein expression in SGC-7901 cells, but not in A549 cells. The results demonstrated that wogonin inhibited the energy metabolism, cell proliferation and angiogenesis in SGC-7901 and A549 cells by negatively regulating HIF-1α and MCT-4 expression. The differential regulatory roles of wogonin in metabolism-associated enzymes in human gastric cancer and lung adenocarcinoma cells indicated its various antitumor mechanisms. The different metabolic regulatory mechanisms exhibited by wogonin in different tumor tissues should therefore be considered for antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Kai Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ning Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
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