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Samy JVRA, Sayanam RRA, Balasubramanian C, Vijayakumar N, Sung-JinKim, Vijayakumar S, Gatasheh MK, Ola MS, Basudan OA, Daoud MS, Al-Bagmi MS, Hazazi BT. Effect of a polyherbal formulation on L-thyroxine induced hyperthyroidism in a rat model: In vitro and in vivo analysis and identification of bioactive phytochemicals. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124140. [PMID: 36965568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
An excess of thyroid hormones in the blood characterizes hyperthyroidism. Long-term use of prescription medications to treat hyperthyroidism has substantial adverse effects, and when discontinued, the symptoms frequently recur. Several plant species have been utilized to cure hyperthyroidism. In the present work, we investigated the impact of polyherbal extract (POH) of four medicinal plants to treat hyperthyroidism. Biochemical analysis revealed the presence of a high concentration of phytochemicals in the POHs. The in vitro antioxidant study revealed their antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacity. The gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry analysis of the POHs showed the presence of 13 bioactive phytochemical compounds. The effect of various concentrations of POHs on L-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism in Wistar albino rats was evaluated for 18 days. The TSH, T3, and T4 levels increased significantly and reduced the increase of liver enzymes caused by hyperthyroidism in POH-treated rats. The data showed that POH therapy could restore thyroid function to normal. The injection of POH increased the size comprising vacuolated cells, columnar follicular cells, and highly coloured nuclei with increasing POH content, and the number of normal thyroid follicles rose. The findings indicate that polyherbal formulations of these medicinal plants include credible antithyroid compounds that may offer a protective and effective alternative treatment to synthetic thyroid medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Vinoth Raja Antony Samy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Chitra Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous) affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Thiruvanaikoil 620005, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Natesan Vijayakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sung-JinKim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Mansour K Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shamsul Ola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Ahmed Basudan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Saad Daoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moneera Saud Al-Bagmi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Tayeb Hazazi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Hendawy O, Gomaa HA, Hussein S, Alzarea SI, Qasim S, Abdel Rahman FEZS, Ali AT, Ahmed SR. Cold-pressed raspberry seeds oil ameliorates high-fat diet triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:1303-1313. [PMID: 34819792 PMCID: PMC8596288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered one of the most serious public health problems affecting liver. The reported beneficial impact of raspberries on obesity and associated metabolic disorder makes it a suitable candidate against NAFLD. In the current study, the chemical profile of raspberry seed oil (RO) was characterized by analysis of fatty acid and tocopherol contents using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in addition to the determination of total phenolic and flavonoids. High levels of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (49.9%), α-linolenic acid (25.98%), and oleic acid (17.6%), along with high total tocopherol content (184 mg/100 gm) were detected in oil. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in RO were estimated to be 22.40 ± 0.25 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 mg oil and 1.34 ± 0.15 mg quercetin (QU)/100 mg, respectively. Anti-NAFLD efficacy of RO at different doses (0.4 and 0.8 mL) in a model of a high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats was assessed by estimating lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, glucose and insulin levels as well as adipokines and inflammatory marker. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), which is a molecular target for NAFLD was also tested. Liver histopathology was carried out and its homogenate was used to estimate oxidative stress markers. Consumption of RO significantly improved lipid parameters and hepatic enzyme activities, reduced insulin resistance and glucose levels, significantly ameliorated inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, RO treatment significantly modulated adipokines activities and elevated PPARγ levels. Raspberry seed oil administration significantly improved these HFD induced histopathological alterations. Moreover, a molecular docking study was performed on the identified fatty acids and tocopherols. Among the identified compounds, oleic acid, α-linolenic acid and γ-tocopherol exhibited the highest docking score as PPARγ activator posing them as a potential anti-NAFLD drug leads. Study findings suggest RO as an effective therapeutic candidate for ameliorating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Hendawy
- Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hesham A.M. Gomaa
- Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa Hussein
- Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumera Qasim
- Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asmaa T. Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa R. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, KasrEl‐Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmad A, Nabi R, Mishra A, Ahmad IZ. A Panoramic Review on Lepidium sativum L. Bioactives as Prospective Therapeutics. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2020; 71:233-242. [PMID: 33378774 DOI: 10.1055/a-1334-4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lepidium sativum (L. sativum), an annual herb belonging to family Brassicaceae is commonly known as Garden cress of Egyptian origin but now a day's cultivated worldwide. The plant material and its constituents are used in various traditional and folk medicines for the treatment of various liver diseases and other ailments. OBJECTIVE This review aims to gather comprehensive information on L. sativum's bioactive constituents, and it's antioxidant, hepato-protective and anticancer activity. METHOD Systematic exploration for research evidences were carried out using well-structured and focused review question and presented data in the tabular form for readers' convenience. RESULTS The comprehensive literature survey was conducted, and we found that specific studies on L. Sativum and its bioactive compounds had been carried out to date. We explored the unique and selective effect of L. Sativum and its bioactive constituents to combat oxidative stress and hepatic carcinoma. CONCLUSION The present article appraised that L. sativum extract has a potential therapeutic effect against liver toxicity and hepato-carcinoma. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rabia Nabi
- Department of Bioscience, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Iffat Zareen Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Alam MA, Quamri MA, Sofi G, Ansari S. Update of hypothyroidism and its management in Unani medicine. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:1-10. [PMID: 32776903 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome caused by thyroid hormone deficiency due to reduced production, deranged distribution, or lack of effects of thyroid hormone. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in developed countries is around 4-5%, whereas it is about 11% in India, only 2% in the UK, and 4·6% in the USA. It is more common in women than in men. Hypothyroidism has multiple etiologies and manifestations. The most common clinical manifestations are weight gain, loss of hair, cold intolerance, lethargy, constipation, dry skin, and change in voice. The signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism differ with age, gender, severity of condition, and some other factors. The diagnosis is based on clinical history, physical examination and serum level of FT3, FT4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, imaging studies, procedures, and histological findings. The treatment of choice for hypothyroidism is levothyroxine, however; in this review article, we have discussed the epidemiology, etiology, clinical sign and symptoms, diagnosis, complications, and management of hypothyroidism in modern medicine and a comparative treatment by the Unani system of medicine (USM). In the USM, the main emphasis of the principle of treatment (Usool-e-Ilaj) is to correct the abnormal constitution (Su-e-Mizaj) and alter the six prerequisites for existence (Asbab-e-Sitta Zarooriya) to restore normal health. It is a packaged treatment, that is, different components of treatment are given as a package form which includes different drugs, dosages form, and regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anzar Alam
- Department of Moalajat, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Ghulamuddin Sofi
- Department of Ilmul Advia, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Shabnam Ansari
- Department of Biotechnology, Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Central University, New Delhi, India
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Alam MA, Quamri MA. Herbal preparations in the management of hypothyroidism in Unani medicine. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 35:dmpt-2020-0123. [PMID: 32975201 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2020-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder, affects women more frequently, and incidence increases with age. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in developed countries is around 4-5%, whereas, in India, it is about 11%. The common symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults are weight gain, fatigue, lethargy, cold intolerance, constipation, change in voice, and dry skin. It can affect all systems of the body. Diagnosis is mainly based on clinical history and laboratory investigations. Untreated hypothyroidism increases morbidity and mortality. In conventional medicine, the treatment of choice is Levothyroxine, whereas in Unani System of Medicine, pharmacotherapy consists of single and compound drugs. Single drugs are selected as per the constitution (Mizaj) of drugs as opposed to the abnormal constitution (Su-e-Mizaj) of disease and its pathology. Some drugs increase the basal metabolic rate whereas some evacuate the morbid material from the body by the action of purgation. The drugs are used either in a single form or as a prescription of more than one drug in the form of decoction (Joshandah), infusion (Kheshandah), or powder (Safoof). This review aims at providing comprehensive information regarding various drugs used in Unani system of medicine that is used in the management of thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anzar Alam
- Department of Moalajat, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, 560091, India
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Alam MA, Quamri MA. Herbal preparations in the management of hypothyroidism in Unani medicine. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 0:/j/dmdi.ahead-of-print/dmdi-2020-0123/dmdi-2020-0123.xml. [PMID: 32692699 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2020-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder, affects women more frequently, and incidence increases with age. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in developed countries is around 4-5%, whereas, in India, it is about 11%. The common symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults are weight gain, fatigue, lethargy, cold intolerance, constipation, change in voice, and dry skin. It can affect all systems of the body. Diagnosis is mainly based on clinical history and laboratory investigations. Untreated hypothyroidism increases morbidity and mortality. In conventional medicine, the treatment of choice is Levothyroxine, whereas in Unani System of Medicine, pharmacotherapy consists of single and compound drugs. Single drugs are selected as per the constitution (Mizaj) of drugs as opposed to the abnormal constitution (Su-e-Mizaj) of disease and its pathology. Some drugs increase the basal metabolic rate whereas some evacuate the morbid material from the body by the action of purgation. The drugs are used either in a single form or as a prescription of more than one drug in the form of decoction (Joshandah), infusion (Kheshandah), or powder (Safoof). This review aims at providing comprehensive information regarding various drugs used in Unani system of medicine that is used in the management of thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anzar Alam
- Department of Moalajat, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, 560091, India
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Jonnalagadda B, Arockiasamy S, Vetrivel U, P A A. In silico docking of phytocompounds to identify potent inhibitors of signaling pathways involved in prostate cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:5182-5208. [PMID: 32643549 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1785944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Androgens and androgen receptors (AR) are the master regulators in the development of prostate cancer. Majority of the patients show positive response to surgical or medical castration, while many patients show disease relapse after the treatment. Genomic profiling has proven that the deregulated PI3K, Ras/Raf, MAPK and EGFR signaling pathways confer survival and invasion advantage to the cancer cells. Thus, modulation of these interlinked growth pathways along with androgen ablation may provide attractive therapeutic benefits. The current research is focused to identify the inhibitors of these pathways with bacosides and Piperine. The quantitative estimation of bacosides enriched standard extract of Bacopa monnieri by HPTLC showed 59.38% of Bacoside A and various active compounds with anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory properties were also analyzed by GC-MS analysis. The in-vitro cytotoxic study against PC3 cell lines showed dose-dependent effect of Piperine and the extract. Further, in silico docking has shown bacosides with significant molecular interactions and binding score with growth factor receptors such as EGFR, PI3K, Akt and ERK, whereas Piperine exhibited interactions with AR. Hence, a simultaneous downregulation of interlinked signaling pathways of growth factors and AR with bacosides and Piperine may produce effective cytotoxic potential against the androgen-independent prostate cancer. Further in-vitro and in-vivo experimental investigations are necessary to determine the ultimate therapeutic utility. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Jonnalagadda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sumathy Arockiasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Umashankar Vetrivel
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Abhinand P A
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Singh S, Panda V, S. S, Dande P. Protective effect of a polyherbal bioactive fraction in propylthiouracil-induced thyroid toxicity in ratsby modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:730-742. [PMID: 32579134 PMCID: PMC7301176 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is the most frequent toxic effect of a large variety of chemical compounds. The polyherbal bioactive fraction exhibited a pro-thyroid effect in hypothyroidic rats. The polyherbal fraction restored the propylthiouracil-depleted thyroid hormone levels significantly. The polyherbal fraction may act through multiple mechanisms to exhibit a pro-thyroid effect.
Hypothyroidism is the most frequent consequence of the interaction of a large variety of drugs, environmental pollutants and industrial chemicals with the thyroid gland. It is associated with diminished endocrine function which may lead to hyperlipidemia, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, weight gain, and other metabolic disorders. The present study evaluates the pro-thyroid activity of a bioactive fraction from a polyherbal teabag in rats with hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil. The teabag was formulated to stimulate synthesis and/or release of T4 and affectthe conversion of T4 to T3. Phytoconstituents of the polyherbal teabag are potent antioxidants that may be responsible for the pro-thyroid activity. The tea-extract (1000 mg) was found to contain 1076 μg of gallic acid and 1131 μg of rutin from HPTLC analysis. Rats received propylthiouracil (8 mg/kg) for the first 15days followed by the polyherbal tea-extract (500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg), the standard drug levothyroxine (0.1 mg/kg), aerobic exercise, and a combination of tea-extract (1000 mg/kg) and aerobic exercise daily along with propylthiouracil for the next 30 days. Finally, rats received their respective treatments alone without propylthiouracil for 15 more days. Lipid profile and levels of glucose, insulin, T3, T4, TSH, cortisol, homocysteine, creatinine, uric acid, malondialdehyde, glucose-6 phosphatase, and endogenous antioxidants were determined. All treatments attenuated significantly the propylthiouracil-elevated TSH, homocysteine, creatinine, uric acid, glucose-6-phosphatase, insulin, and malondialdehyde levels, and restored favorably the propylthiouracil-altered lipid profile, T3, T4, and endogenous antioxidant levels. The polyherbal tea-extract (1000 and 1500 mg/kg) treatment and thecombination treatment of tea-extract (1000 mg/kg) with aerobic exercise displayed significant restoration of the suboptimalthyroid function. This may be due to a favorablemodulation ofthe hypothalamic-pituitary–thyroid and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axes.
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Key Words
- AC, Abdominal circumference
- AE, Aerobic exercise
- Aerobic exercise
- CAT, Catalase;GA- Gallic acid
- GPx, Glutathione peroxidase
- GR, Glutathione reductase
- GSH, Reduced glutathione
- HDL, High-density lipoprotein
- HOMA, IR- Homeostatic model of insulin resistance
- HPTLC, High-performance thin layer chromatography
- Hcy, Homocysteine
- Hypothyroidism
- IR, Insulin resistance
- LDL, Low-density lipoprotein
- LPO, Lipid peroxidation
- MDA, Malondialedhyde
- NIS, Sodium-iodide symporter
- PTU, Propylthiouracil
- Polyherbal
- Propylthiouracil
- Ru, Rutin
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- T1000, Tea-extract 1000 mg/kg
- T1500, Tea-extract 1500 mg/kg
- T3, Triiodothyronine
- T4, thyroxine
- T500, Tea-extract 500 mg/kg
- TAE, T1000 mg/kg + Aerobic exercise
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, Triglycerides
- TSH, Thyroid stimulating hormone
- Thyroid hormones
- VLDL, Very low-density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Jote Joy Building, RambhauSalgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Vandana Panda
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Jote Joy Building, RambhauSalgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sudhamani S.
- Department of Pathology, Dr. D.Y Patil Medical College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Payal Dande
- Department of Pharmacognosy, SVKM’s NMIMS, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management Mukesh Patel Technology Park, Babulde, Mumbai-Agra Highway, Shirpur, India
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Panda S, Sharma R, Khan A, Kar A. Ameliorative effect of Aloe gel against L-T4-induced hyperthyroidism via suppression of thyrotropin receptors, inflammation and oxidative stress. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2801-2810. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Paunkov A, Chartoumpekis DV, Ziros PG, Chondrogianni N, Kensler TW, Sykiotis GP. Impact of Antioxidant Natural Compounds on the Thyroid Gland and Implication of the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1828-1846. [PMID: 31267862 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190701165821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural compounds with potential antioxidant properties have been used in the form of food supplements or extracts with the intent to prevent or treat various diseases. Many of these compounds can activate the cytoprotective Nrf2 pathway. Besides, some of them are known to impact the thyroid gland, often with potential side-effects, but in other instances, with potential utility in the treatment of thyroid disorders. OBJECTIVE In view of recent data regarding the multiple roles of Nrf2 in the thyroid, this review summarizes the current bibliography on natural compounds that can have an effect on thyroid gland physiology and pathophysiology, and it discusses the potential implication of the Nrf2 system in the respective mechanisms. METHODS & RESULTS Literature searches for articles from 1950 to 2018 were performed in PubMed and Google Scholar using relevant keywords about phytochemicals, Nrf2 and thyroid. Natural substances were categorized into phenolic compounds, sulfur-containing compounds, quinones, terpenoids, or under the general category of plant extracts. For individual compounds in each category, respective data were summarized, as derived from in vitro (cell lines), preclinical (animal models) and clinical studies. The main emerging themes were as follows: phenolic compounds often showed potential to affect the production of thyroid hormones; sulfur-containing compounds impacted the pathogenesis of goiter and the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells; while quinones and terpenoids modified Nrf2 signaling in thyroid cell lines. CONCLUSION Natural compounds that modify the activity of the Nrf2 pathway should be evaluated carefully, not only for their potential to be used as therapeutic agents for thyroid disorders, but also for their thyroidal safety when used for the prevention and treatment of non-thyroidal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paunkov
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Patras University Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Panos G Ziros
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gerasimos P Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Shakeri Moghaddam F, Ghanbari A, Fereidouni A, Khaleghian A. The effect of salt supplements on thyroid hormones and quality of pregnancy in female hypothyroid rats. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2020; 16:396-401. [PMID: 34084229 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2020.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The use of nutrient supplements along with medication to optimize the treatment of diseases yields desirable outcomes. Hypothyroidism causes abnormalities in cells, and organs, and induces gene expression changes. The use of salt supplements and vitamins considerably helps to treat hypothyroidism. Objectives To evaluate the effect of a food supplement containing iron, iodine, and folic acid on thyroid hormones changes as well as the quality and quantity of hypothyroid female rat's offspring. Materials and Methods In the current experimental study, 40 female rats were divided into six experimental and two control groups. The study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, the role of a combinatory supplement along with levothyroxine to treat hypothyroidism by assessing T3, T4, and TSH hormones was investigated. In the second phase, the dose-depended effects of a combinatory supplement were investigated. Additionally, in the third phase, the quality and quantity of the next generation were measured in the hypothyroid female rats receiving the salt supplement. Results The plasma level of T3, T4 and TSH in hypothyroid rats receiving nutrient supplements indicated that the use of combinatory supplements along with levothyroxine could have desirable effects on the treatment of hypothyroidism to such an extent that the level of T3 and T4 hormones in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P≤0.01). The second phase demonstrated that the desired effects of combinatory supplements on the serum levels of T3, T4, and TSH hormones were dose-dependent so that by increasing the dosage of supplementation, a significant decrease in the TSH level was observed (P <0.05), while T3 and T4 levels increased (P <0.01).The results of the third phase demonstrated that salt supplements could be effective in reducing the number of dead or preterm pups, and the use of mineral salts along with levothyroxine could promote a healthy birth. Conclusion Salt supplements have considerable effects on the health status of the offspring of hypothyroid rats, resulting in the birth of more healthy pups and reducing the rate of abortion or preterm births.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shakeri Moghaddam
- Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Semnan, Iran
| | - A Ghanbari
- Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, 2Research Center of Physiology, Semnan, Iran
| | - A Fereidouni
- Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Semnan, Iran
| | - A Khaleghian
- Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Semnan, Iran
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Alam MA, Quamri MA, Sofi G, Tarique BM. Understanding hypothyroidism in Unani medicine. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2019; 17:387-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ibrahim NA, Mohammed MM, Aly HF, Ali SA, Al-Hady DA. Efficiency of the leaves and fruits of Aegle marmelos methanol extract (L.) Correa and their relative hepatotoxicity induced by CCL 4 and identification of their active constituents by using LC/MS/MS. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:1161-1168. [PMID: 30627516 PMCID: PMC6320333 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The methanol extracts of both leaves and fruits (MEL & MEF) of A. marmelos (L.) Correa (family Rutaceae) were analyzed by using analytical method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The objective of this study was to identify the active constituents of (MEL & MEF) of A. marmelos. Six, alkaloids namely aeglemarmelosine, marmesiline aegelinoside, shahidine, anhydromarmeline and N-2-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethylcinnamide and two flavonoids, rutin and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside in leaves were identified. Two alkaloids marmesiline and shahidine in the methanol extracts of fruits, also have been identified. Moreover, the efficiency of extracts was performed for measuring the reducing hepatotoxicity effect induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. Accordingly, several biochemical parameters were performed such as lipid profile in serum, liver functions enzyme activities, glycolytic enzyme activities. In addition, LDH and SDH were investigated. The results obtained demonstrated, significant increase in lipid profile, liver function biomarkers in addition to glycolytic enzyme activities in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Histopathological examination confirmed the biochemical results. Treatment of intoxicated mice with (MEL & MEF) of A. marmelos showed amelioration signs in biochemical findings as well as at cellular level. It could be concluded that both MEL & MEF can be used clinically for their potential effect as a hepatoprotective that normalized liver function biomarkers, hepatic architecture and restore physiologically status of the body against CCl4 intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabaweya A. Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Magdy M.D. Mohammed
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
- Institut für Umweltforschung (INFU), Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hanan F. Aly
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrirst.), Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Ahmed Ali
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrirst.), Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Doaa-Abd Al-Hady
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
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Abdolhosseinipoor F, Sadeghi Dinani M, Hosseini-Sharifabad A. The effects of Urtica dioica hydroalcoholic extract on the propylthiouracil induced hypothyroidism in rat. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/jhp.2018.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Metro D, Cernaro V, Papa M, Benvenga S. Marked improvement of thyroid function and autoimmunity by Aloe barbadensis miller juice in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29527506 PMCID: PMC5842288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Some natural compounds decrease serum levels of thyroid autoantibodies, but results are inconsistent and thyroid function has been evaluated infrequently; moreover, the effects of Aloe on thyroid autoimmunity and function have been examined in very few studies. This study stems from the observation of one co-author, who has Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT)-related subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Upon checking her biochemical thyroid panel when taking daily Aloe barbardensis Miller juice (ABMJ) for thyroid-unrelated reasons, she noticed a decrease in serum thyroperoxidase autoantibodies (TPOAb) and thyrotropin (TSH) and an increase in serum free thyroxine (FT4). Based on this observation, we enrolled 30 consecutive HT women with levothyroxine-untreated SCH and high TPOAb levels. All of them took ABMJ (50 ml daily) for nine months and were tested for serum TSH, FT4, free triiodothyronine (FT3) and TPOAb. Measurements were performed at baseline and at months 3 and 9. TSH, FT4 and TPOAb improved significantly already at month 3 and further (−61%, +23% and −56%) at month 9. However, FT3 decreased significantly at month 3 (−16%) with no further decrease at month 9, so that the FT4:FT3 ratio increased significantly (+33% and + 49%). At baseline, 100% of women had TSH > 4.0 mU/L and TPOAb > 400 U/ml, but frequencies fell to 0% and 37%, respectively, at month 9. In contrast, a control group (namely, 15 untreated SCH women of comparable age and baseline levels of TSH, FT4, FT3 and TPOAb) had no significant changes in any index. We conclude that the daily intake of 100 ml ABMJ for 9 months in women with HT-related SCH decreases the burden of thyroid autoimmune inflammation. In addition, ABMJ rescues thyrocyte function, with decreased need for conversion of the prohormone T4 into the more active T3 through ABMJ-induced inhibition of T4 deiodination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Metro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Cernaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino Padiglione B, Via Consolare Valeria, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Mattia Papa
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women’s Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Italy
- Interdept. Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Women’s Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Padiglione H, Messina, Italy
- Corresponding author at: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy.
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Mathur D, Goyal K, Koul V, Anand A. The Molecular Links of Re-Emerging Therapy: A Review of Evidence of Brahmi (Bacopa monniera). Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:44. [PMID: 26973531 PMCID: PMC4778428 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The convolution associated with memory is being resolved with advancement in neuroscience. According to the concurrent assumptions, synaptic plasticity forms one of the basis of memory formation, stabilization and strengthening. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is generally characterized by memory dysfunction, connections amongst the cells in the brain are attenuated or lost leading to degeneration of neural networks. Numerous attempts have been made to find new therapies for memory dysfunction with increasing attention and investments being laid on herbal drugs. Many herbal plants and extracts have already documented beneficial results when tested for antiamnesic effects. Brahmi (Bacopa monniera) is one such common herbal drug, which is employed for a long time in the Indian and Chinese medical system in order to treat several disorders. Previous research has shown that Brahmi exerts many pharmacological effects including memory boosting capacity in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Schizophrenia, exhibiting antiparkinsonian, antistroke, and anticonvulsant potentials. The present review discusses the chemical constituents of Brahmi along with in vitro and in vivo studies based on the pharmacological effects exerted by it. The efficacy of Brahmi in treating various disorders has evoked sufficient research in recent years and now it is a time to launch multiple clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Mathur
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - Kritika Goyal
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, India
| | - Veena Koul
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, India
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Rai R, Singh HK, Prasad S. A Special Extract of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI-08) Restores Learning and Memory by Upregulating Expression of the NMDA Receptor Subunit GluN2B in the Brain of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:254303. [PMID: 26413117 PMCID: PMC4564605 DOI: 10.1155/2015/254303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present communication, we have investigated effects of the CDRI-08, a well characterized extract of Bacopa monnieri, on expression of the GluN2B subunit of NMDAR in various brain regions of the scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Our behavioral data reveal that scopolamine-treated amnesic mice exhibit significant decline in the spatial memory compared to the normal control mice. Our RT-PCR and immunoblotting data revealed that the scopolamine treatment resulted in a significant downregulation of the NMDAR GluN2B subunit expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Our enzyme assay data revealed that scopolamine caused a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase activity in both the brain regions. Further, oral administration of the CDRI-08 to scopolamine-treated amnesic mice restored the spatial memory which was found to be associated with significant upregulation of the GluN2B subunit expression and decline in the acetylcholinesterase activity in prefrontal cortex as well as hippocampus towards their levels in the normal control mice. Our study provides the evidence for the mechanism underlying role of the Bacopa monnieri extract (CDRI-08) in restoring spatial memory in amnesic mice, which may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Rai
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Hemant K. Singh
- Lumen Research Foundation, Ashok Nagar, Chennai 600083, India
| | - S. Prasad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
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Zanuzzo FS, Urbinati EC, Nash GW, Gamperl AK. Steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss metabolic rate is affected by dietary Aloe vera inclusion but not by mounting an immune response against formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 87:43-53. [PMID: 26010230 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen consumption (MO2) of two groups of 10° C acclimated steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was measured for 72 h after they were given a 100 µl kg(-1) intraperitoneal injection of formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida (ASAL) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). In addition, plasma cortisol levels were measured in fish from both groups prior to, and 1 and 3 h after, they were given a 30 s net stress. The first group was fed an unaltered commercial diet for 4 weeks, whereas the second group was fed the same diet but with 0·5% (5 g kg(-1) ) Aloe vera powder added; A. vera has potential as an immunostimulant for use in aquaculture, but its effects on basal and acute phase response (APR)-related metabolic expenditures and stress physiology, are unknown. Injection of ASAL v. PBS had no measurable effect on the MO2 of O. mykiss indicating that the APR in this species is not associated with any net increase in energy expenditure. In contrast, incorporating 0·5% A. vera powder into the feed decreased routine metabolic rate by c. 8% in both injection groups and standard metabolic rate in the ASAL-injected group (by c. 4 mg O2 kg(-1) h(-1) ; 5%). Aloe vera fed fish had resting cortisol levels that were approximately half of those in fish on the commercial diet (c. 2·5 v. 5·0 ng ml(-1) ), but neither this difference nor those post-stress reached statistical significance (P > 0·05).
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Zanuzzo
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Campus de Botucatu, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rubião Jr., 18618-970 SP, Brazil
- Centro de Aquicultura da Unesp, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, 14.884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - E C Urbinati
- Centro de Aquicultura da Unesp, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, 14.884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - G W Nash
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - A K Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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Kumar V, Al-Abbasi FA, Verma A, Mujeeb M, Anwar F. Umbelliferone β-d-galactopyranoside exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by attenuating COX-1 and COX-2. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00095e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbelliferone β-d-galactopyranoside (UFG) is a coumarin found in many plants. This study examines the anti-inflammatory potential of UFG on chronic inflammation induced by Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA) in experimental rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture
- Technology & Sciences
- Allahabad
| | - F. A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amita Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture
- Technology & Sciences
- Allahabad
| | - Mohd. Mujeeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Kulkarni R, Girish KJ, Kumar A. Nootropic herbs (Medhya Rasayana) in Ayurveda: An update. Pharmacogn Rev 2012; 6:147-53. [PMID: 23055641 PMCID: PMC3459457 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.99949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits that present with many of neuropsychiatric conditions and/or alone as developmental deficit demand use of nootropics to boost cognitive abilities. Recently there is a tremendous urge to explore medicinal plants globally for improving cognitive function owing to their less adverse effects. Ayurveda provides a list of herbs known for nootropic activity as well as their multi-dimensional utility in various conditions. Present paper is a review to update knowledge on pharmacological properties, major chemical constituents, therapeutic actions, preclinical studies, safety and possible mode of action of the selected herbs from ayurvedic pharmacopoeia. Concurrently, it opens up for further research and standardization on nootropic herbs
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Kulkarni
- Department of Post Graduate Studies in Kaumarabhritya, SDM College of Ayurveda, Hassan, Karnataka, India
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Bernet V, Chindris AM. The potential dangers of supplements and herbal products marketed for improved thyroid function. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2012; 7:247-249. [PMID: 30780838 DOI: 10.1586/eem.12.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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McCarthy CG, Farney TM, Canale RE, Alleman RJ, Bloomer RJ. A finished dietary supplement stimulates lipolysis and metabolic rate in young men and women. Nutr Metab Insights 2011; 5:23-31. [PMID: 23882145 PMCID: PMC3698474 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s8567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary supplements are often marketed to increase lipolysis and thermogenesis, with the proposed end result being weight loss and body fat reduction. It was the purpose of the present investigation to study the acute effects of a weight/fat loss supplement within a sample of healthy human subjects. Methods: Twelve subjects (men 24.8 ± 4.3 yrs; women 22.8 ± 0.4 yrs) ingested a dietary supplement (OxyELITE Pro™) or a placebo, on two separate days in a double-blind, cross-over design. Blood samples were collected immediately before ingestion, and at 60 and 120 minutes post ingestion, and analyzed for plasma glycerol and free fatty acids (FFA). Breath samples were collected immediately before ingestion and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post ingestion, for a measure of kilocalorie expenditure using indirect calorimetry. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded at all times and rate pressure product (RPP) was calculated. Results: AUC was greater for supplement compared to placebo for glycerol (22.74 ± 1.98 μg · mL−1 · 2 hr−1 vs. 15.76 ± 1.36 μg · mL−1 · 2 hr−1; P = 0.001), FFA (1.62 ± 0.07 mmol · L−1· 2 hr−1 vs. 0.78 ± 0.12 mmol · L−1 · 2 hr−1; P < 0.0001), and kilocalorie expenditure (149 ± 7 kcal · 2 hr−1 vs. 122 ± 8 kcal · 2 hr−1; P = 0.005). Heart rate (P = 0.02), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.0001), and RPP (P = 0.002) were higher for supplement compared to placebo. Conclusion: Ingestion of OxyELITE Pro™ resulted in an increase in blood markers of lipolysis, as well as metabolic rate, during a two-hour post ingestion time period. An increase in hemodynamic variables was also observed. These findings are in reference to a sample of healthy men and women who were naïve to treatment with the dietary supplement. Additional work is needed to determine if the acute changes observed here would persist with chronic use of the supplement and possibly lead to weight/body fat loss over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron G McCarthy
- Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
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Baliga MS, Bhat HP, Joseph N, Fazal F. Phytochemistry and medicinal uses of the bael fruit (Aegle marmelos Correa): A concise review. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rodríguez Rodríguez E, Darias Martín J, Díaz Romero C. Aloe vera as a functional ingredient in foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2010; 50:305-26. [PMID: 20301017 DOI: 10.1080/10408390802544454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The main scientific discoveries on Aloe vera published mainly in the last three decades are presented in this work. After describing Aloe from a botanical point of view, the papers related with the chemical composition of different parts of the leaf of Aloe, particularly those in which the gel is described and are presented in a synthetic manner. The chemical analyses reveal that Aloe gel contains mannose polymers with some glucose and other sugars, among which the most important is Acemannan. Besides these, other components such as glycoproteins, enzymes, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals are described. Different factors also affecting the chemical composition of the gel, such as species and variety, climatic and soil conditions, cultivation methods, processing and preservation, are enumerated and discussed. On the other hand, the main therapeutic applications have been revised and the possible damaging effects of Aloe are also commented upon. A special emphasis is placed on the biologically active compounds or groups of compounds responsible for the therapeutic applications and which are their action mechanisms. The paper concludes that more research is needed to confirm the therapeutic and beneficial effects and to definitively clarify the myth surrounding Aloe vera. A general view on the problem of the commercialization and establishment of the quality and safety of Aloe products in the food industry has been offered here. The main points and European regulations that need to be considered regarding the quality control of prepared Aloe products are presented in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rodríguez Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Panda S, Kar A. Periplogenin-3-O- -D-Glucopyranosyl -(1→6)- -D-Glucopyaranosyl- -(1→4) -D-Cymaropyranoside, Isolated fromAegle marmelosProtects Doxorubicin Induced Cardiovascular Problems and Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Cardiovasc Ther 2009; 27:108-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2009.00078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Final report on the safety assessment of AloeAndongensis Extract, Aloe Andongensis Leaf Juice,aloe Arborescens Leaf Extract, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Protoplasts, Aloe Barbadensis Flower Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice,aloe Barbadensis Leaf Polysaccharides, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Water, Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract, Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice, and Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice Extract. Int J Toxicol 2008; 26 Suppl 2:1-50. [PMID: 17613130 DOI: 10.1080/10915810701351186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant materials derived from the Aloe plant are used as cosmetic ingredients, including Aloe Andongensis Extract, Aloe Andongensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Extract, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Protoplasts, Aloe Barbadensis Flower Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Polysaccharides, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Water, Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract, Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice, and Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice Extract. These ingredients function primarily as skin-conditioning agents and are included in cosmetics only at low concentrations. The Aloe leaf consists of the pericyclic cells, found just below the plant's skin, and the inner central area of the leaf, i.e., the gel, which is used for cosmetic products. The pericyclic cells produce a bitter, yellow latex containing a number of anthraquinones, phototoxic compounds that are also gastrointestinal irritants responsible for cathartic effects. The gel contains polysaccharides, which can be acetylated, partially acetylated, or not acetylated. An industry established limit for anthraquinones in aloe-derived material for nonmedicinal use is 50 ppm or lower. Aloe-derived ingredients are used in a wide variety of cosmetic product types at concentrations of raw material that are 0.1% or less, although can be as high as 20%. The concentration of Aloe in the raw material also may vary from 100% to a low of 0.0005%. Oral administration of various anthraquinone components results in a rise in their blood concentrations, wide systemic distribution, accumulation in the liver and kidneys, and excretion in urine and feces; polysaccharide components are distributed systemically and metabolized into smaller molecules. aloe-derived material has fungicidal, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities, and has been effective in wound healing and infection treatment in animals. Aloe barbadensis (also known as Aloe vera)-derived ingredients were not toxic in acute oral studies using mice and rats. In parenteral studies, the LD(50) using mice was > 200 mg/kg, rats was > 50 mg/kg, and using dogs was > 50 mg/kg. In intravenous studies the LD(50) using mice was > 80 mg/kg, rats was > 15 mg/kg, and dogs was > 10 mg/kg. The 14-day no observed effect level (NOEL) for the Aloe polysaccharide, acemannan, in the diet of Sprague-Dawley rats, was 50,000 ppm or 4.1 to 4.6 g/kg day(-1). In a 3-month study using mice, Aloe vera (extracted in ethanol) given orally in drinking water at 100 mg/kg produced reproductive toxicity, inflammation, and mortality above that seen in control animals. Aloe vera extracted in methanol and given to mice at 100 mg/kg in drinking water for 3 months caused significant sperm damage compared to controls. Aloe barbadensis extracted with water and given to pregnant Charles Foster albino rats on gestational days (GDs) 0 through 9 was an abortifacient and produced skeletal abnormalities. Both negative and positive results were found in bacterial and mammalian cell genotoxicity assays using Aloe barbadensis-derived material, Aloe Ferox-derived material, and various anthraquinones derived from Aloe. Aloin (an anthraquinone) did not produce tumors when included in the feed of mice for 20 weeks, nor did aloin increase the incidence of colorectal tumors induced with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Aloe-emodin (an anthraquinone) given to mice in which tumor cells had been injected inhibited growth of malignant tumors. Other animal data also suggest that components of Aloe inhibit tumor growth and improve survival. Various in vitro assays also demonstrated anticarcinogenic activity of aloe-emodin. Diarrhea was the only adverse effect of note with the use of Aloe-derived ingredients to treat asthma, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, ulcers, skin disease, and cancer. Case reports include acute eczema, contact urticaria, and dermatitis in individuals who applied Aloe-derived ingredients topically. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel concluded that anthraquinone levels in the several Aloe Barbadensis extracts are well understood and can conform to the industry-established level of 50 ppm. Although the phototoxicity anthraquinone components of Aloe plants have been demonstrated, several clinical studies of preparations derived from Aloe barbadensis plants demonstrated no phototoxicity, confirming that the concentrations of anthraquinones in such preparations are too low to induce phototoxicity. The characterization of aloe-derived ingredients from other species is not clear. In the absence of well-characterized derivatives, biological studies of these materials are considered necessary. The studies needed are 28-day dermal toxicity studies on Aloe Andongensis Extract, Aloe Andongensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Extract, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Juice, Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract, Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice, and Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice (ingredients should be tested at current use concentrations). In Aloe-derived ingredients used in cosmetics, regardless of species, anthraquinone levels should not exceed 50 ppm. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel advised the industry that the total polychlorobiphenyl (PCB)/pesticide contamination of any plant-derived cosmetic ingredient should be limited to not more than 40 ppm, with not more than 10 ppm for any specific residue and that limits were appropriate for the following impurities: arsenic (3 mg/kg maximum), heavy metals (20 mg/kg maximum), and lead (5 mg/kg maximum).
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Panda S, Kar A. Evaluation of the antithyroid, antioxidative and antihyperglycemic activity of scopoletin from Aegle marmelos leaves in hyperthyroid rats. Phytother Res 2008; 20:1103-5. [PMID: 17078113 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Scopoletin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin) was isolated from the leaves of Aegle marmelos and evaluated for its potential to regulate hyperthyroidism, lipid peroxidation and hyperglycemia in levo-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroid rats. Scopoletin (1.00 mg/kg, p.o.) administered daily for 7 days to levo-thyroxine-treated animals decreased the levels of serum thyroid hormones and glucose as well as hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity, demonstrating its potential to regulate hyperthyroidism and hyperglycemia. Scopoletin also inhibited hepatic lipid peroxidation and increased the activity of antioxidants, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Compared with the standard antithyroid drug, propylthiouracil, scopoletin exhibited a superior therapeutic activity, since unlike propylthiouracil, it also inhibited hepatic lipid peroxidation. These findings indicate that scopoletin has the potential to inhibit thyroid function and hyperglycemia without hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Panda
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Vigyan Bhavan, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore 0452017, M.P., India
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Dilshad SMR, Iqbal Z, Muhammad G, Iqbal A, Ahmad N. An inventory of the ethnoveterinary practices for reproductive disorders in cattle and buffaloes, Sargodha district of Pakistan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 117:393-402. [PMID: 18384987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 02/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to document the ethnoveterinary practices (EVPs) used for the treatment and/or management of reproductive disorders of cattle and buffaloes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information was collected using rapid and participatory rural appraisal techniques through interviews and focused group discussions with 217 traditional veterinary healers (TVHs) over a period of 16 months. RESULTS The use of 66 plant species was documented for the treatment of reproductive disorders in the two dairy species. Most frequently reported (>or=20 times) plants represented Apiaceae, Poaceae, Pedaliaceae, Linaceae, Arecaceae, Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Zingiberaceae, Rosaceae, Cannabaceae, Fabaceae, Moraceae, Rubiaceae and Mimosaceae families. All the documented plant species were indigenous to the study area. Genital prolapse, retention of fetal membranes, silent estrous/delayed puberty, anestrous, dystokia associated with incomplete cervical dilatation and retention of lochial discharge were the frequently reported reproductive disorders. Some of the plants were reported to be used in more than one condition. Materials other than plants used for the treatment of these disorders included camel milk, butter and butter fat, minerals, eggs, organic matters, chemical substances and meat preparations. These materials were used either alone or as adjunctive therapy. CONCLUSION Richness of EVPs in the study area and extensive variation in the doses, methods of preparation, indications, and claims regarding efficacy of plants for various disorders merit controlled studies for their validation.
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Pigatto PD, Guzzi G. Aloe Linked to Thyroid Dysfunction. Arch Med Res 2005; 36:608. [PMID: 16099348 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Synergistic interactions of Aegle marmelos leaf, Emblica officinalis fruit and Ocimum sanctum leaf extracts in the regulation of hyperthyroidism and / or hyperglycaemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.3742/opem.2004.4.1.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lampronti I, Martello D, Bianchi N, Borgatti M, Lambertini E, Piva R, Jabbar S, Choudhuri MSK, Khan MTH, Gambari R. In vitro antiproliferative effects on human tumor cell lines of extracts from the Bangladeshi medicinal plant Aegle marmelos Correa. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 10:300-308. [PMID: 12809360 DOI: 10.1078/094471103322004794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper we show that extracts from Aegle marmelos Correa are able to inhibit the in vitro proliferation of human tumor cell lines, including the leukemic K562, T-lymphoid Jurkat, B-lymphoid Raji, erythroleukemic HEL, melanoma Colo38, and breast cancer MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Molecules present within the studied Aegle marmelos C. extracts were identified by gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry analysis; three derivatives (butyl p-tolyl sulfide, 6-methyl-4-chromanone and butylated hydroxyanisole) were found to exhibit strong activity in inhibiting in vitro cell growth of human K562 cells. The antiproliferative activity of these compounds was found to be comparable to that of known antitumor agents, including cisplatin, chromomycin, cytosine arabinoside and 5-fluorouracil. In addition, the antiproliferative activity of butyl-p-tolyl sulfide, 6-methyl-4-chromanone and 5-methoxypsolaren was associated to activation of the differentiation pattern of K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lampronti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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