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Gomulski J, Grzegorczyk-Karolak I. Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunberg-An Ornamental Shrub with Medical Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:3272. [PMID: 39064848 PMCID: PMC11279216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Harlequin glory bower (Clerodendrum trichotomum) is a shrub or small tree belonging to the Lamiaceae family, native to Japan, Korea, and eastern China. It has esthetic value and in Europe, it is cultivated as an ornamental plant. Its sweet-smelling flowers have a white or pink crown. The calyx turns from green to pink-purple over time, providing an especially decorative touch around surrounding the ripe deep-blue fruits that persist until winter. In the areas of its natural occurrence, the leaves and young shoots of C. trichotomum, and sometimes the roots, flowers and fruits, are used in folk medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticancer, sedative, and hypotensive effects. Products based on Harlequin glory are also used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, joint pain, skin inflammation, or asthma. Preliminary research on the composition of raw material suggests that its health-promoting effect is associated with the presence of numerous secondary metabolites, including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and anthraquinones. This work reviews the current state of knowledge about the phytochemistry and in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of the extracts and main active components isolated from C. trichotomum. It also indicates that before it can be used in modern medicine, further research is necessary regarding the safety and efficacy of the raw material, its mechanisms of action, and dosage.
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Ohta T, Inoha M, Kawahara C, Toshimitsu S, Shoyama Y, Uto T. Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme-Inhibitory Activity and Phytochemical Profile of Constituents of the Leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:508-514. [PMID: 37394599 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The root of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz forma hueichingensis HSIAO has been used as a tonic and treatment for urinary and skin disorders in Japanese Kampo medicine. Phytochemical investigation of the root has been well reported, but that of the leaves is limited. To explore the potential value of R. glutinosa leaves, we focused on the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity. The leaf extract exhibited ACE-inhibitory activity, and the inhibitory potency of leaves was stronger than that of roots. Using this activity as an indicator, we isolated linaride (1), 6-O-hydroxybenzoyl ajugol (2), acteoside (3), leucosceptoside A (4), martynoside (5), luteolin (6), apigenin (7), and chrysoeriol (8) by separating and purifying the extract. We then examined the ACE-inhibitory activities of 1-8, catalpol (9), aucubin (10), ajugol (11), and echinacoside (12). Among them, 3, 6, and 12 displayed the most potent inhibitory activity. A simultaneous analytical method was also developed using compounds contained in R. glutinosa leaves and roots, and their contents were compared. The method consisted of extraction with 50% aqueous methanol under sonication for 60 min and LC/MS measurement. R. glutinosa leaves tended to have higher levels of majority of the analytes than the roots, including 3 and 6, which had higher ACE-inhibitory activity. These results suggest that 3 and 6 contribute to the ACE-inhibitory activity of R. glutinosa leaves, which may represent a useful medicinal resource for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Ohta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Momoka Inoha
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Chiaki Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Saori Toshimitsu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
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Frezza C, De Vita D, Toniolo C, Sciubba F, Tomassini L, Venditti A, Bianco A, Serafini M, Foddai S. Leucosceptosides A and B: Two Phenyl-Ethanoid Glycosides with Important Occurrence and Biological Activities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1807. [PMID: 36551235 PMCID: PMC9775335 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review paper, the occurrence in the plant kingdom, the chemophenetic value and the biological activities associated with two specific phenyl-ethanoid glycosides, i.e., leucosceptoside A and leucosceptoside B, were reported. This is the first work ever conducted on such a subject. Analysis of the literature data clearly led to three important conclusions: leucosceptoside A is much more common in plants than leucosceptoside B; leucosceptoside A exerts more biological activities than leucosceptoside B even if nothing can be generally concluded about which one is actually the most potent; neither of these compounds can be used as a chemophenetic marker. These three aspects and more are discussed in more depth in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Frezza
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela De Vita
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Toniolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- NMR Lab, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lamberto Tomassini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Venditti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Armandodoriano Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Foddai
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Suresh P, Gupta S, Anmol, Sharma U. Insight into coronaviruses and natural products-based approach for COVID-19 treatment. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022. [PMCID: PMC9294970 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91099-6.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There is a deep-rooted belief in mankind that for every illness, somewhere in the world, there exists a botanical-based healing agent in nature in the form of a natural product. Natural products are better equipped to become successful drugs because of their million years of coevolution in a biological milieu. Generally, most herbal formulations and natural products obtained from traditionally used medicinal plants are nontoxic and have rarely shown any adverse side effects on humans. Plants synthesize secondary metabolites primarily for their defense against microbes and herbivores, and because of this, these metabolites have good specificity and potency against harmful pathogens. Nowadays, mankind is facing the contagion effect of SARS-CoV-2 that has caused the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, which has no specific and effective treatment. Hence this is the time to explore nature for effective, safe, and affordable remedies against this disease. This chapter includes an overview of coronaviruses, their therapeutic targets, and the progress made in identifying lead natural products against the coronaviruses. Additionally, molecular docking and pharmacokinetics analysis of anticoronaviral natural products have been performed to narrow down the possible lead molecules.
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Umereweneza D, Molel JT, Said J, Atilaw Y, Muhizi T, Trybala E, Bergström T, Gogoll A, Erdélyi M. Antiviral iridoid glycosides from Clerodendrum myricoides. Fitoterapia 2021; 155:105055. [PMID: 34626739 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The methanol root extract of Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) Vatke afforded two new (1, 2) and two known (3, 4) iridoid glycosides. The structures of the isolated compounds were established based on NMR, IR, UV and MS data analyses. The crude extract and the isolated constituents were assayed for antiviral activity against the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cells. The crude extract inhibited RSV infectivity at EC50 = 0.21 μg/ml, while it showed cytotoxicity against HEp-2 cells with CC50 = 9 μg/ml. Compound 2 showed 43.2% virus inhibition at 100 μM, while compounds 1 as well as 3 and 4 had only weak antiviral and cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Umereweneza
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, P.O Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Jackson T Molel
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joanna Said
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoseph Atilaw
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Théoneste Muhizi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, P.O Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Edward Trybala
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adolf Gogoll
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Qi J, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Liu H, Fan Y, Yue J. Clerodenoids A—F: C‐ring Aromatized and/or Rearranged Abietane Diterpenoids from
Clerodendrum chinense
var.
simplex. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine 138 Xianlin Road Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Qunfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Hongchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yaoyue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jianmin Yue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine 138 Xianlin Road Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
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Verma T, Sinha M, Bansal N, Yadav SR, Shah K, Chauhan NS. Plants Used as Antihypertensive. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:155-184. [PMID: 33174095 PMCID: PMC7981375 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a critical health problem and worse other cardiovascular diseases. It is mainly of two types: Primary or essential hypertension and Secondary hypertension. Hypertension is the primary possibility feature for coronary heart disease, stroke and renal vascular disease. Herbal medicines have been used for millions of years for the management and treatment of hypertension with minimum side effects. Over aim to write this review is to collect information on the anti-hypertensive effects of natural herbs in animal studies and human involvement as well as to recapitulate the underlying mechanisms, from the bottom of cell culture and ex-vivo tissue data. According to WHO, natural herbs/shrubs are widely used in increasing order to treat almost all the ailments of the human body. Plants are the regular industrial units for the invention of chemical constituents, they used as immunity booster to enhance the natural capacity of the body to fight against different health problems as well as herbal medicines and food products also. Eighty percent population of the world (around 5.6 billion people) consume medicines from natural plants for major health concerns. This review provides a bird's eye analysis primarily on the traditional utilization, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological values of medicinal herbs used to normalize hypertension i.e. Hibiscus sabdariffa, Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Apium graveolens, Bidenspilosa, Camellia sinensis, Coptis chinensis, Coriandrum sativum, Crataegus spp., Crocus sativus, Cymbopogon citrates, Nigella sativa, Panax ginseng,Salviaemiltiorrhizae, Zingiber officinale, Tribulus terrestris, Rauwolfiaserpentina, Terminalia arjuna etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarawanti Verma
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University (IKGPTU), Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Manish Sinha
- Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jwalamukhi, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, BELA, Ropar, Punjab India
| | - Shyam Raj Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, S.P. Jain College (Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara), Sasaram, Bihar India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, NH#2, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406 India
| | - Nagendra Singh Chauhan
- Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra, 1st Floor Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital Building, Govt. Ayurvedic College Campus G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
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El-Shiekh RA, Saber FR, Abdel-Sattar EA. In vitro anti-hypertensive activity of Jasminum grandiflorum subsp. floribundum (Oleaceae) in relation to its metabolite profile as revealed via UPLC-HRMS analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1158:122334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Lin SR, Lin SY, Chen CC, Fu YS, Weng CF. Exploring a New Natural Treating Agent for Primary Hypertension: Recent Findings and Forthcoming Perspectives. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2003. [PMID: 31744165 PMCID: PMC6912567 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hypertension describes abnormally-high systolic/diastolic blood pressure in a resting condition caused by various genetic or environmental risk factors. Remarkably, severe complications, such as ischemic cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic renal disease have led to primary hypertension becoming a huge burden for almost one-third of the total population. Medication is the major regimen for treating primary hypertension; however, recent medications may have adverse effects that attenuate energy levels. Hence, the search for new hypotensive agents from folk or traditional medicine may be fruitful in the discovery and development of new drugs. This review assembles recent findings for natural antihypertensive agents, extracts, or decoctions published in PubMed, and provides insights into the search for new hypotensive compounds based on blood-pressure regulating mechanisms, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the sympathetic/adrenergic receptor/calcium channel system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; (S.-R.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Yea Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Cheng Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; (S.-R.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Camillian Saint Mary’s Hospital Luodong,160 Zhongzheng S. Rd. Luodong, Yilan 26546, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Center for Transitional Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
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Anti-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Activity of Plantago asiatica and Clerodendrum trichotomum Extracts In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070604. [PMID: 31277257 PMCID: PMC6669655 DOI: 10.3390/v11070604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbs Plantago asiatica and Clerodendrum trichotomum have been commonly used for centuries in indigenous and folk medicine in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In this study, we show that extracts from these herbs have antiviral effects against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in vitro cell cultures and an in vivo mouse model. Treatment of HEp2 cells and A549 cells with a non-cytotoxic concentration of Plantago asiatica or Clerodendrum trichotomum extract significantly reduced RSV replication, RSV-induced cell death, RSV gene transcription, RSV protein synthesis, and also blocked syncytia formation. Interestingly, oral inoculation with each herb extract significantly improved viral clearance in the lungs of BALB/c mice. Based on reported information and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the phenolic glycoside acteoside was identified as an active chemical component of both herb extracts. An effective dose of acteoside exhibited similar antiviral effects as each herb extract against RSV in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that extracts of Plantago asiatica and Clerodendrum trichotomum could provide a potent natural source of an antiviral drug candidate against RSV infection.
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Jameel M, Ali A, Ali M. Extraction and isolation of new compounds from traditional herbal medicine; Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fjps.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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12
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In Silico Investigations of Chemical Constituents of Clerodendrum colebrookianum in the Anti-Hypertensive Drug Targets: ROCK, ACE, and PDE5. Interdiscip Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12539-017-0243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Lockyer S, Rowland I, Spencer JPE, Yaqoob P, Stonehouse W. Impact of phenolic-rich olive leaf extract on blood pressure, plasma lipids and inflammatory markers: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56:1421-1432. [PMID: 26951205 PMCID: PMC5486627 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary polyphenols have been demonstrated to favourably modify a number of cardiovascular risk markers such as blood pressure (BP), endothelial function and plasma lipids. We conducted a randomised, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial to investigate the effects of a phenolic-rich olive leaf extract (OLE) on BP and a number of associated vascular and metabolic measures. METHODS A total of 60 pre-hypertensive [systolic blood pressure (SBP): 121-140 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 81-90 mmHg] males [mean age 45 (±SD 12.7 years, BMI 26.7 (±3.21) kg/m2] consumed either OLE (136 mg oleuropein; 6 mg hydroxytyrosol) or a polyphenol-free control daily for 6 weeks before switching to the alternate arm after a 4-week washout. RESULTS Daytime [-3.95 (±SD 11.48) mmHg, p = 0.027] and 24-h SBP [-3.33 (±SD 10.81) mmHg, p = 0.045] and daytime and 24-h DBP [-3.00 (±SD 8.54) mmHg, p = 0.025; -2.42 (±SD 7.61) mmHg, p = 0.039] were all significantly lower following OLE intake, relative to the control. Reductions in plasma total cholesterol [-0.32 (±SD 0.70) mmol/L, p = 0.002], LDL cholesterol [-0.19 (±SD 0.56) mmol/L, p = 0.017] and triglycerides [-0.18 (±SD 0.48), p = 0.008] were also induced by OLE compared to control, whilst a reduction in interleukin-8 [-0.63 (±SD 1.13) pg/ml; p = 0.026] was also detected. Other markers of inflammation, vascular function and glucose metabolism were not affected. CONCLUSION Our data support previous research, suggesting that OLE intake engenders hypotensive and lipid-lowering effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Lockyer
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Ian Rowland
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Jeremy Paul Edward Spencer
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Welma Stonehouse
- School of Food and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Food and Nutrition Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, Australia
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14
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Patten GS, Abeywardena MY, Bennett LE. Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Angiotensin II Receptor Blocking, and Blood Pressure Lowering Bioactivity across Plant Families. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56:181-214. [PMID: 24915402 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.651176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke. Interest in medicinal or nutraceutical plant bioactives to reduce hypertension has increased dramatically. The main biological regulation of mammalian blood pressure is via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The key enzyme is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) that converts angiotensin I into the powerful vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II binds to its receptors (AT1) on smooth muscle cells of the arteriole vasculature causing vasoconstriction and elevation of blood pressure. This review focuses on the in vitro and in vivo reports of plant-derived extracts that inhibit ACE activity, block angiotensin II receptor binding and demonstrate hypotensive activity in animal or human studies. We describe 74 families of plants that exhibited significant ACE inhibitory activity and 16 plant families with potential AT1 receptor blocking activity, according to in vitro studies. From 43 plant families including some of those with in vitro bioactivity, the extracts from 73 plant species lowered blood pressure in various normotensive or hypertensive in vivo models by the oral route. Of these, 19 species from 15 families lowered human BP when administered orally. Some of the active plant extracts, isolated bioactives and BP-lowering mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen S Patten
- a CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Mahinda Y Abeywardena
- a CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Louise E Bennett
- b CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Werribee , Victoria , British Columbia , Australia
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15
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Li P, Qi M, Hu H, Liu Q, Yang Q, Wang D, Guo F, Bligh SWA, Wang Z, Yang L. Structure–inhibition relationship of phenylethanoid glycosides on angiotensin-converting enzyme using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05027h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure–inhibition relationship of phenylethanoid glycosides against ACE was investigated by an improved UPLC-MS/MS method. The number of hydroxyl groups and structural steric hindrance were critical for the ACEI of phenylethanoid glycosides.
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16
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Li LZ, Wang MH, Sun JB, Liang JY. Abietane diterpenoids and other constituents from Clerodendrum trichotomum. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Schneiderová K, Šmejkal K. Phytochemical profile of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb). Steud. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 14:799-833. [PMID: 32214918 PMCID: PMC7089068 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Paulownia tomentosa, a member of the plant family Paulowniaceae and a rich source of biologically active secondary metabolites, is traditionally used in Chinese herbal medicine. Flavonoids, lignans, phenolic glycosides, quinones, terpenoids, glycerides, phenolic acids, and miscellaneous other compounds have been isolated from different parts of P. tomentosa plant. Recent interest in this species has focused on isolating and identifying of prenylated flavonoids, that exhibit potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiphlogistic activities and inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease. They show cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines and inhibit the effects of human cholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and bacterial neuraminidases. Most of the compounds considered here have never been isolated from any other species of plant. This review summarizes the information about the isolated compounds that are active, their bioactivities, and the structure-activity relationships that have been worked out for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Schneiderová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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Akinyemi AJ, Ademiluyi AO, Oboh G. Inhibition of angiotensin-1-converting enzyme activity by two varieties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. J Med Food 2014; 17:317-23. [PMID: 24433069 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This study sought to investigate the inhibitory effect of two varieties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) commonly consumed in Nigeria on ACE activity in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. The inhibition of ACE activity of two varieties of ginger (Z. officinale) was investigated in a high cholesterol (2%) diet fed to rats for 3 days. Feeding high cholesterol diets to rats caused a significant (P<.05) increase in the ACE activity. However, there was a significant (P<.05) inhibition of ACE activity as a result of supplementation with the ginger varieties. Rats that were fed 4% white ginger had the greatest inhibitory effect as compared with a control diet. Furthermore, there was a significant (P<.05) increase in the plasma lipid profile with a concomitant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in rat liver and heart tissues. However, supplementing the diet with red and white ginger (either 2% or 4%) caused a significant (P<.05) decrease in the plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, and in MDA content in the tissues. Conversely, supplementation caused a significant (P<.05) increase in plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level when compared with the control diet. Nevertheless, rats fed 4% red ginger had the greatest reduction as compared with control diet. In conclusion, both ginger varieties exhibited anti-hypercholesterolemic properties in a high cholesterol diet fed to rats. This activity of the gingers may be attributed to its ACE inhibitory activity. However, white ginger inhibited ACE better in a high cholesterol diet fed to rats than red ginger. Therefore, both gingers could serve as good functional foods/nutraceuticals in the management/treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Jacob Akinyemi
- 1 Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology , Akure, Nigeria
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Ivanov SA, Garbuz SA, Malfanov IL, Ptitsyn LR. Screening of Russian medicinal and edible plant extracts for angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE I) inhibitory activity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162013070054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Intarasirisawat R, Benjakul S, Wu J, Visessanguan W. Isolation of antioxidative and ACE inhibitory peptides from protein hydrolysate of skipjack (Katsuwana pelamis) roe. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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21
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Akinyemi AJ, Ademiluyi AO, Oboh G. Aqueous extracts of two varieties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) inhibit angiotensin I-converting enzyme, iron(II), and sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat heart in vitro. J Med Food 2013; 16:641-6. [PMID: 23875904 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger has reportedly been used in folk medicine for the management and prevention of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts of two varieties of ginger on a key enzyme linked to hypertension (angiotensin I-converting enzyme [ACE]), and on pro-oxidants [Fe(2+) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)] which have been shown to induce lipid peroxidation in the rat's isolated heart in vitro. Aqueous extracts (0.05 mg/mL) of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubra) and white ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) were prepared and the ability of the extracts to inhibit ACE along with Fe(2+)- and SNP-induced lipid peroxidation was determined in rat's heart in vitro. Results revealed that both extracts inhibited ACE in a dose-dependent manner (25-125 μg/mL). However, red ginger extract (EC50=27.5 μg/mL) had a significantly (P<.05) higher inhibitory effect on ACE than white ginger extract (EC50=87.0 μg/mL). Furthermore, incubation of the rat's heart in the presence of Fe(2+) and SNP caused a significant increase (P<.05) in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the heart homogenates, while the introduction of the ginger extracts (78-313 μg/mL) caused a dose-dependent decrease in the MDA content of the stressed heart homogenates. This suggests that the possible mechanism through which ginger exerts its antihypertensive properties may be through inhibition of ACE activity and prevention of lipid peroxidation in the heart. Furthermore, red ginger showed stronger inhibition of ACE than white ginger. Additionally, it should be noted that these protective properties of the ginger varieties could be attributed to their polyphenol contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele J Akinyemi
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Wang WX, Xiong J, Tang Y, Zhu JJ, Li M, Zhao Y, Yang GX, Xia G, Hu JF. Rearranged abietane diterpenoids from the roots of Clerodendrum trichotomum and their cytotoxicities against human tumor cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 89:89-95. [PMID: 23462587 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The roots of the medicinal ornamental plant Clerodendrum trichotomum yielded a series of rearranged abietane diterpenoids, including three 17(15→16)-abeo-abietane (1-3) and three 17(15→16),18(4→3)-diabeo-abietane (4-6) derivatives. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of (10R,16R)-12,16-epoxy-11,14,17-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-17(15→16)-abieta-5,8,11,13-tetraene-7-one (1) was deduced by a combination of single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and the observed Cotton effects in its circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. All isolates were tested for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines (BGC-823, Huh-7, KB, KE-97, and Jurkat). Among them, compounds 4, 6, 9, 10, 12, and 14, each possessing a common 17(15→16),18(4→3)-diabeo-abietane framework, were found to have remarkable cytotoxic effects with IC50 values ranging from 0.83 to 50.99 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Botanicals as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Useful in Hypertension. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 2013. [DOI: 10.1201/b14663-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Maione F, Cicala C, Musciacco G, De Feo V, Amat AG, Ialenti A, Mascolo N. Phenols, Alkaloids and Terpenes from Medicinal Plants with Antihypertensive and Vasorelaxant Activities. A Review of Natural Products as Leads to Potential Therapeutic Agents. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies support the cardiovascular effects of medicinal plants. This review examines plants whose antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects have been scientifically validated. Our study selected only chemically characterized plants whose mode of action had already been investigated. The aim of the paper is to provide a quick way to identify medicinal plants and their constituents with antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maione
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carla Cicala
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Musciacco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Anibal G. Amat
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Quimicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Felix de Azara 1552, 3300 Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Armando Ialenti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Mascolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Ivanova B, Spiteller M. Coordination ability of bradykinin with ZnII- and AgI-metal ions – Experimental and theoretical study. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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26
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Oboh G, Ademiluyi AO, Akinyemi AJ, Henle T, Saliu JA, Schwarzenbolz U. Inhibitory effect of polyphenol-rich extracts of jute leaf (Corchorus olitorius) on key enzyme linked to type 2 diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and hypertension (angiotensin I converting) in vitro. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Ajibola CF, Eleyinmi AF, Aluko RE. Kinetics of the inhibition of renin and angiotensin i converting enzyme by polar and non-polar polyphenolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Gongronema latifolium leaves. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 66:320-327. [PMID: 21964876 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-011-0257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro modulation of the renin-angiotensin system by polyphenolic extracts and fractions of two green leafy vegetables, Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Gongronema latifolium (GL), that are used for food and medicinal purposes. An 80% acetone extract of each leaf was fractionated on silicic acid-packed column to give two main fractions: acetone eluate (flow-through) and ethanol eluate (column-bound), that consist mostly of chlorophyllic and non-chlorophyllic fractions, respectively. Column fractionation resulted in polyphenolic fractions that displayed higher potency against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and renin than the crude acetone extracts; generally, the chlorophyllic fraction was more active than the non-chlorophyllic fraction. ACE-inhibitory activity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the chlorophyllic fraction of VA than GL, with IC(50) values of 0.207 and 0.413 mg/ml, respectively. Similarly, the chlorophyllic fraction of VA had significantly higher (p < 0.05) renin inhibition than GL, with IC(50) values of 0.172 and 0.513 mg/ml, respectively. Kinetics studies showed that the chlorophyllic fractions of VA and GL exhibited mostly mixed-type ACE and renin inhibitions. We concluded that the hydrophobic nature of the chlorophyllic fraction may have contributed to the increased interaction with enzyme protein and inhibition of activities of ACE and renin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Comfort F Ajibola
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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29
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Inhibitory activity of Plantago major L. on angiotensin I-converting enzyme. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:419-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Geng F, Yang L, Chou G, Wang Z. Bioguided isolation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. Phytother Res 2010; 24:1088-94. [PMID: 19998322 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ethanolic extract of the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. showed significant inhibitory activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) determined by monitoring the transformation from a substrate hippuryl-histidyl-leucine (HHL) to the product hippuric acid (HA) in vitro using an UPLC-MS method. The bioguided fractionation of the extract resulted in the isolation of four ACE inhibitory active phenylpropanoid glycosides acteoside, isoacteoside, plantainoside D, and plantamajoside with IC(50) values of 2.69 mM, 2.46 mM, 2.17 mM, and 2.47 mM, respectively. Their structures were elucidated through the analysis of NMR, UV, IR and MS data. Our study is the first demonstration that Plantago asiatica L. and its major constituents have ACE inhibitory activity in vitro. It is assumed that the identified compounds contribute to the angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Geng
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201210, PR China
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31
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Geng F, He Y, Yang L, Wang Z. A rapid assay for angiotensin-converting enzyme activity using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:312-7. [PMID: 19629962 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in the renin-angiotensin system and ACE activity is usually assayed in vitro by monitoring the transformation from a substrate to the product catalyzed by ACE. A rapid and sensitive analysis method or ACE activity by quantifying simultaneously the substrate hippuryl-histidyl-leucine and its product hippuric acid using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was first developed and applied to assay the inhibitory activities against ACE of several natural phenolic compounds. The established UPLC-MS method showed obvious advantages over the conventional HPLC analysis in shortened running time (3.5 min), lower limit of detection (5 pg) and limit of quantification (18 pg), and high selectivity aided by MS detection in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Among the six natural products screened, five compounds, caffeic acid, caffeoyl acetate, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid and resveratrol indicated potent in vitro ACE inhibitory activity with IC(50) values of 2.527 +/- 0.032, 3.129 +/- 0.016, 10.898 +/- 0.430, 15.076 +/- 1.211 and 6.359 +/- 0.086 mm, respectively. A structure-activity relationship estimation suggested that the number and the situation of the hydroxyls on the benzene rings and the acrylic acid groups may play the most predominant role in their ACE inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Geng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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Shimoda H, Tanaka J, Takahara Y, Takemoto K, Shan SJ, Su MH. The hypocholesterolemic effects of Cistanche tubulosa extract, a Chinese traditional crude medicine, in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2010; 37:1125-38. [PMID: 19938221 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x09007545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The roots of Cistanche (C.) tubulosa (Orobanchaceae), a parasitic plant that grows in the Taklamakan desert, are traditionally used as medicines and foods in China. We prepared aqueous ethanol extract (CTE) from the roots of C. tubulosa and its hypocholesterolemic effect was evaluated. Using gene chip and RT-PCR analysis of the livers of mice given CTE (400 mg/kg) for 14 days, we found mRNA expression of molecules related to cholesterol transport [apolipoprotein B and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor] and metabolism [cytochrome P450 side chain cleave (SCC) and steroid 5alpha-reductase 2] were up-regulated. The administration of CTE (400 mg/kg) for 14 days significantly suppressed serum cholesterol elevation in high cholesterol diet-fed mice. The mRNA expressions of VLDL receptor and cytochrome P450 SCC were significantly enhanced. In addition, acteoside, a major constituent of CTE, was found to enhance the mRNA expressions of apolipoprotein B, VLDL receptor, and cytochrome P450 SCC in HepG2 hepatocytes. These results suggest that CTE affects the mRNA expressions of molecules related to cholesterol transport and metabolism and exhibits hypocholesterolemic activity in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia mice. Acteoside was involved in the hypocholesterolemic activity of CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shimoda
- Research and Development Division, Oryza Oil and Fat Chemical Co., Ltd., Aichi 493-8001, Japan.
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Shih CD, Kuo DH, Huang CW, Gu YH, Chen FA. Autonomic nervous system mediates the cardiovascular effects of Rhodiola sacra radix in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 119:284-290. [PMID: 18692558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhodiola sacra (Crassulaceae) exhibits cardiovascular bioactivities and is used in Tibetan medicine for promoting circulation and preventing hypertension. However, the underlying mechanisms of its cardiovascular effects are poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the cardiovascular activity of water-soluble fraction (WtF) and n-butanol-soluble fraction (BtF) of Rhodiola sacra radix and to explore its mechanism of action in propofol anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The changes of blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac contractility after systemic administration of the extracts (10-75 mg/kg) were examined for at least 40 min. Different antagonists were used to evaluate the mechanisms of cardiovascular effects of the extracts. RESULTS Intravenous injection of the WtF (10, 25, 35, 50 or 75 mg/kg) exhibited dose-dependent hypotension and increases in heart rate and cardiac contractility. In contrast, mild alterations in the same cardiovascular parameters were detected only at high dose (75 mg/kg) BtF. The WtF-induced hypotensive, positive inotropic and chronotropic effects were significantly abolished by pretreatment with hexamethonium (30 mg/kg, i.v.) or reserpine (5 mg/kg, i.v.), whereas the hypotensive, but not the positive inotropic or chronotropic effect was potentiated by captopril (2.5 mg/kg, i.v.). Pretreatment with methylatropine (1 mg/kg, i.v.), on the other hand, reversed the positive inotropic and chronotropic but not the hypotensive effects of WtF. The WtF-induced cardiovascular responses were not affected in rats pretreated with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (20 mg/kg, i.v.). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that systemic administration of the WtF of Rhodiola sacra radix elicited a potent hypotensive effect that was mediated by the withdrawal of sympathetic vasomotor tone and interaction with the circulatory angiotensin system. The positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of WtF may result from a direct vagal inhibition on the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Dean Shih
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, 20 Weishin Road, Yanpu Township, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan.
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Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Statti GA, Passalacqua NG, Peruzzi L, Menichini F. In vitroangiotensin converting enzyme inhibiting activity ofSalsola oppositifoliaDesf.,Salsola sodaL. andSalsola tragusL. Nat Prod Res 2007; 21:846-51. [PMID: 17763103 DOI: 10.1080/14786410701482582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to support scientifically the traditional use of Salsola species in the treatment of hypertension, this study was designed to evaluate the hypotensive properties of Salsola oppositifolia, S. soda and S. tragus. In vitro bio-assay based on the measured enzymatic cleavage of the chromophore-fluorophore-labelled substrate dansyltriglycine into dansylglycine and diglycine by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was performed. EtOAc extracts of S. oppositifolia and S. soda exhibited an interesting activity with an IC(50) of 181.04 and 284.27 microg mL(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
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Loizzo MR, Said A, Tundis R, Rashed K, Statti GA, Hufner A, Menichini F. Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) by flavonoids isolated from Ailanthus excelsa (Roxb) (Simaroubaceae). Phytother Res 2007; 21:32-6. [PMID: 17072829 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In our screening program for antihypertensive properties of plants, the leaves of Ailanthus excelsa (Roxb), a plant used in Egyptian traditional medicine, were analysed. Chromatographic separation of A. excelsa MeOH extract yielded six flavonoids for the first time from this species, namely apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol-3-O-alpha-arabinopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-beta-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-alpha-arabinopyranoside and luteolin-7-O-beta-glucopyranoside. The in vitro hypotensive activities of the MeOH extract and the isolated compounds were elucidated. All the flavonoids tested exhibited ACE inhibitory activity, in particular the most active compound was kaempferol-3-O-beta-galactopyranoside with an IC(50) value of 260 microm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy.
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Lohith K, Vijayakumar GR, Somashekar BR, Sivakumar R, Divakar S. Glycosides and amino acyl esters of carbohydrates as potent inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:1059-72. [PMID: 16730392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
About 12 glycosides prepared through amyloglucosidase catalysis and 23 amino acyl esters of carbohydrates prepared through lipase catalysis in organic solvents showed angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity. Both amino acyl esters of carbohydrates and glycosides exhibited IC50 values for ACE inhibition in the 0.5 mM to 15.7 mM range. Eugenyl-D-glucoside (IC50: 0.5+/-0.04 mM), L-isoleucyl-D-glucose (IC50: 0.7+/-0.067 mM), vanillyl-D-sorbitol (IC50: 0.8+/-0.09 mM), L-histidyl-D-fructose (IC50: 0.9+/-0.087 mM), L-tryptophanyl-D-fructose (IC50: 0.9+/-0.092 mM), octyl-D-glucoside (IC50: 1.0+/-0.093 mM), vanillyl-D-mannoside (IC50: 1.0+/-0.089 mM), L-valyl-D-mannitol (IC50: 1.0+/-0.092 mM) and L-phenylalanyl-D-glucose (IC50: 1.0+/-0.089 mM) were the compounds, which showed the best ACE inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lohith
- Fermentation Technology and Bioengineering, Central Food Technological Research Institute, KRS Road, 570020 Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Pharmacological Activities of Phenylpropanoids Glycosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(06)80037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Lee JY, Woo ER, Kang KW. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by acteoside through blocking of AP-1 activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 97:561-566. [PMID: 15740896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2004] [Revised: 12/24/2004] [Accepted: 01/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Acteoside is a phenylpropanoid glycoside with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. We isolated acteoside from Buddlejae Flos, which has been used as a traditional medicine to treat conjunctive congestion and sepsis. The effect of acteoside on the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene was examined in the Raw264.7 macrophage cell line. An acteoside pretreatment significantly inhibited the release of NO in the cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Western blot and RT-PCR analyses revealed that acteoside inhibited the LPS-induced levels of the iNOS protein and mRNA. Activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and the activator protein-1 (AP-1) is the key step in the signaling pathways mediating iNOS induction. In this study, acteoside selectively suppressed AP-1 activation, which may be essential for iNOS induction in the LPS-treated macrophages. The inhibitory effect of AP-1 activation by acteoside may be associated with the anti-inflammatory effects of Buddlejae Flos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
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