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Fan T, Xie Y, Ma W. Research progress on the protection and detoxification of phytochemicals against aflatoxin B 1-Induced liver toxicity. Toxicon 2021; 195:58-68. [PMID: 33716068 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent hepatotoxic toxin, which can cause hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver immunological damage. It has been involved in the etiology of human hepatocellular carcinoma. AFB1 can cause oxidative stress in the body's metabolism process, and then cause cytotoxicity, such as apoptosis and DNA damage. Scientific research has discovered that phytochemicals can induce the detoxification pathway of AFB1 through its biotransformation, thereby reducing the damage of AFB1 to the human body. In clinical treatment, certain phytochemicals have been effectively used in the treatment of liver injury due to the advantages of multiple targets, multiple pathways, low toxicity and side effects. Therefore, the article summarizes the toxic mechanism of AFB1-induced hepatoxicity, and the related research progress of phytochemicals for preventing and treating its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. We also look forward to the existing problems and application prospects of phytochemicals in the pharmaceutical industry, in order to provide theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of AFB1 poisoning in future research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weibin Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
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Turrini E, Sestili P, Fimognari C. Overview of the Anticancer Potential of the "King of Spices" Piper nigrum and Its Main Constituent Piperine. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E747. [PMID: 33256185 PMCID: PMC7761056 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main limits of current anticancer therapy are relapses, chemoresistance, and toxic effects resulting from its poor selectivity towards cancer cells that severely impair a patient's quality of life. Therefore, the discovery of new anticancer drugs remains an urgent challenge. Natural products represent an excellent opportunity due to their ability to target heterogenous populations of cancer cells and regulate several key pathways involved in cancer development, and their favorable toxicological profile. Piper nigrum is one of the most popular spices in the world, with growing fame as a source of bioactive molecules with pharmacological properties. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the anticancer potential of Piper nigrum and its major active constituents-not limited to the well-known piperine-whose undeniable anticancer properties have been reported for different cancer cell lines and animal models. Moreover, the chemosensitizing effects of Piper nigrum in association with traditional anticancer drugs are depicted and its toxicological profile is outlined. Despite the promising results, human studies are missing, which are crucial for supporting the efficacy and safety of Piper nigrum and its single components in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Turrini
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Via I Maggetti 26, 61029 Urbino, Italy;
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
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3
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Owumi S, Najophe ES, Farombi EO, Oyelere AK. Gallic acid protects against Aflatoxin B 1 -induced oxidative and inflammatory stress damage in rats kidneys and liver. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13316. [PMID: 32496616 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The adverse effect of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) exposure in both humans and rodents has been widely reported. The beneficial health effects of gallic acid (GA) against AFB1 -induced toxicity in vitro have been published. Here, we present in vivo findings on AFB1 and GA on hepatorenal function in rats, exposed to AFB1 (75 µg/kg body weight) only or co-treated with GA (20 or 40 mg/kg) for 28 successive days. AFB1 significantly increased pro-inflammatory biomarkers and suppressed IL-10 levels in rats' liver and kidney. AFB1 caused increased (p < .05) oxidative stress by decreasing antioxidant enzymes levels and increasing levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Furthermore, reduction (p < .05) in cellular glutathione (GSH) levels and increased (p < .05) hepatorenal markers of toxicity were detected in rats treated with AFB1 . These observed alterations were, however, reversed in GA co-treated rats. GA ameliorated AFB1 -induced hepatorenal dysfunction by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: GA can chemoprotect against the damaging effects of toxins contaminating food. GA is widely distributed in plants and in use in industries as antioxidant, immune-regulator, and natural defense agent against infections when consumed. Here, we disclosed that GA ameliorates AFB1 -induced hepatorenal dysfunction by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and enhanced apoptosis, thus improving hepatorenal functions in rats exposed to AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Eseroghene S Najophe
- Nutrition and Industrial Biochemistry Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Patel P, Panda PK, Kumari P, Singh PK, Nandi A, Mallick MA, Das B, Suar M, Verma SK. Selective in vivo molecular and cellular biocompatibility of black peppercorns by piperine-protein intrinsic atomic interaction with elicited oxidative stress and apoptosis in zebrafish eleuthero embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110321. [PMID: 32061978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Day to day consumption of black pepper raise concern about the detailed information about their medicinal, pharmaceutical values and knowledge about the biocompatibility with respect to ecosystem. This study investigates the in vivo selective molecular biocompatibility of its seed cover (SC) and seed core (SP) powder extract using embryonic zebrafish model. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of the extract prepared by grinding showed presence of different components with "piperine" as principle component. Biocompatibility analysis showed dose and time dependent selective effect of SC and SP with LC50 of 30.4 μg/ml and 35.6 μg/ml, respectively on survivability, hatching and heartbeat rate in embryonic zebrafish. Mechanistic investigation elucidated it as effect of accumulation and internalization of black pepper leading to their influence on structure and function of cellular proteins hatching enzyme (he1a), superoxide dismutase (sod1) and tumor protein (tp53) responsible for delayed hatching, oxidative stress induction and apoptosis. The study provided insight to selective biocompatibility of black pepper expedient to produce higher quality spices with respect to pharmaceutical, clinical and environmental aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Patel
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (Materials Theory), Uppsala University, 75121, Sweden
| | - Puja Kumari
- Advance Science and Technology Research Centre, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, 825301, India
| | | | - Aditya Nandi
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - M A Mallick
- Advance Science and Technology Research Centre, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, 825301, India; University Department of Biotechnology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, 825301, India
| | - Biswadeep Das
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.
| | - Suresh K Verma
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India; Advance Science and Technology Research Centre, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, 825301, India.
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Smilkov K, Ackova DG, Cvetkovski A, Ruskovska T, Vidovic B, Atalay M. Piperine: Old Spice and New Nutraceutical? Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1729-1739. [PMID: 31267856 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190701150803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many of the activities associated with pepper fruits have been attributed to piperine, the most active compound present in these spices. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to provide an overview of the known properties of piperine, i.e. piperine's chemistry, its physiological activity, documented interactions as a bioenhancer and reported data concerning its toxicity, antioxidant properties and anticancer activity. DISCUSSION It is known that piperine possesses several properties. In its interaction with other drugs, it can act as a bioavailability enhancer; this effect is also manifested in combination with other nutraceuticals, e.g. with curcumin, i.e. piperine can modify curcumin's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. Piperine displays significant immunomodulating, antioxidant, chemopreventive and anticancer activity; these effects have been shown to be dose-dependent and tissue-specific. However, the main limitation associated with piperine seems to be its low bioavailability, a disadvantage that innovative formulations are overcoming. CONCLUSION It is predicted that an increasing number of studies will focus on piperine, especially those directed towards unraveling its properties at molecular level. The current knowledge about the action of piperine will form a foundation for ways to improve piperine's bioavailability e.g. exploitation of different carrier systems. The therapeutical applications of this compound will be clarified, and piperine will be recognized as an important nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Smilkov
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Darinka G Ackova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Cvetkovski
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Tatjana Ruskovska
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Bojana Vidovic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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6
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Piperine-A Major Principle of Black Pepper: A Review of Its Bioactivity and Studies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9204270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Piperine is the main compound present in black pepper, and is the carrier of its specific pungent taste, which is responsible for centuries of human dietary utilization and worldwide popularity as a food ingredient. Along with the application as a food ingredient and food preservative, it is used in traditional medicine for many purposes, which has in most cases been justified by modern scientific studies on its biological effects. It has been confirmed that piperine has many bioactive effects, such as antimicrobial action, as well as many physiological effects that can contribute to general human health, including immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimetastatic, antitumor, and many other activities. Clinical studies demonstrated remarkable antioxidant, antitumor, and drug availability-enhancing characteristics of this compound, together with immunomodulatory potential. All these facts point to the therapeutic potential of piperine and the need to incorporate this compound into general health-enhancing medical formulations, as well as into those that would be used as adjunctive therapy in order to enhance the bioavailability of various (chemo)therapeutic drugs.
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Mohammadi M, Najafi H, Mohamadi Yarijani Z, Vaezi G, Hojati V. Protective effect of piperine in ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury through inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:570-576. [PMID: 33134133 PMCID: PMC7588331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Renal ischemia-reperfusion is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. As a major compound in black pepper, piperine has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. In present study, the protective effects of oral administration of piperine in renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) induced acute kidney injuries (AKI) were investigated. Experimental procedure Male Wistar rats received piperine (10 or 20 mg/kg.bw) or vehicle for 10 days. The artery and vein of both kidneys were then clamped for 30 min, followed by a 24-h reperfusion period. Concentrations of creatinine and urea-nitrogen in descending aorta blood were measured, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) levels were measured in kidney tissue to evaluate the oxidative stress. Inflammation was evaluated by measuring the TNF-α and ICAM-1 mRNA expression levels in renal cortical tissue using Real Time PCR method and counting leukocytes infiltration to interstitium. Further measured were tissue damages in H & E stained sections. Results Renal IR reduced FRAP, while increasing the plasma concentrations of creatinine and urea-nitrogen, tissue MDA level, TNF-α and ICAM-1 mRNA expressions, leukocyte infiltration and histopathologic injuries. Piperine administration significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of creatinine and urea-nitrogen, expression of pro-inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and renal histopathologic injuries. It is to be noted that 20 mg/kg dose was more effective. Conclusion Our results suggest piperine protects the kidney against ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injuries by its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Renal ischemia-reperfusion increased the inflammation and oxidative stress parameters. Ischemia-reperfusion increased histopathological damages and functional parameters. Piperine pretreatment significantly reduced the inflammation and oxidative stress. Piperine administration ameliorated renal function and histopathologic damages.
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Key Words
- AKI, Acute kidney injury
- Acute kidney injury
- FRAP, Ferric reducing antioxidant power
- GFR, Glomerular filtration rate
- ICAM-1, Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- IL-1, Interleukin-1
- IL-6, Interleukin-6
- IR, Ischemia-reperfusion
- Inflammation
- Ischemia-reperfusion
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor-κB
- NO, Nitric oxide
- Oxidative stress
- PBS, Phosphate buffer saline
- Piperine
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α
- TPTZ, Tripyridyl-s-triazine
- eNOS, Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- iNOS, Inducible nitric oxide synthase
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Houshang Najafi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeynab Mohamadi Yarijani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gholamhasan Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Vida Hojati
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
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Yurdakok-Dikmen B, Turgut Y, Filazi A. Herbal Bioenhancers in Veterinary Phytomedicine. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:249. [PMID: 30364115 PMCID: PMC6191517 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal bioenhancers are active phytomolecules that increase the bioavailability, bioefficacy and biological activity of various drugs when coadministered at low concentrations. These valuable compounds reduce the dose, increase the treatment rate, decrease the treatment duration, drug resistance or related adverse reactions which have economical implications in livestock and pet medicine. Eventhough the concept of herbal bioenhancers are known for years through Ayurvedic medicine, the underlying mechanisms remains unclear. The main mechanisms involved are related to drug absorption (effect on solubility, drug efflux and transport proteins, increased permeability in gastrointestinal system) and drug metabolism (inhibition/induction of drug metabolysing enzymes, thermogenic effect). Due to species specific differences in these mechanisms, corresponding data on human and laboratory animal could not be attributed. As multidrug resistance is a major treat to both human and animal health, within "One Health" concept, efficient therapeutical strategies are encouraged by authorities, where focus on herbal supplements as a vast unexploited field remains to be researched within "Bioenhancement Concept." This review brings insight to mechanims involved in bioenhancing effect, examples of herbal extracts and phytoactive compounds and their potential in the veterinary medicine including different classes of drugs such as antibiotics, anticancerous, antiviral, and antituberculosis.
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Chinta G, Coumar MS, Periyasamy L. Reversible Testicular Toxicity of Piperine on Male Albino Rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S525-S532. [PMID: 29142409 PMCID: PMC5669092 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_405_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Piperine was widely used in traditional medicine for inducing sterility and abortion. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the piperine on testis of male albino rats Materials and Methods: Adult male rats were divided into four groups (n = 12). Group I (control): Rats were given vehicle p.o. i.e. 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose in normal saline daily for 60 days, Group II (ED): Rats received piperine at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) daily, Group III (E4D): Rats received piperine at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. on every 4th day, Group IV (E7D): Rats received piperine at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. on every 7th day. Half of the animals from each group were sacrificed after the treatment period (60 days), and the remaining were kept for drug-free withdrawal period (60 days) and then sacrificed. Results: Piperine significantly decreased the reproductive organ weights in groups ED and E4D. Piperine induced hormonal imbalance by altering the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, sex hormone binding globulin, serum, and testicular testosterone in groups ED and E4D. Furthermore, piperine decreased the activity of germ cell markers and Leydig cellular steroidogenic enzymes in the groups ED and E4D after 60 days. All the above-altered values returned to normal levels after withdrawal period. Histopathological findings also supported the above findings. Conclusion: From the above data, it can be concluded that piperine could be a good lead molecule for the development of reversible oral male contraceptive. SUMMARY Piperine was employed for the contraceptive purposes in traditional medicine Piperine significantly impaired the spermatogenesis by decreasing the testicular hormone synthesis in groups ED and E4D Piperine disrupted the testicular antioxidant system by promoting the ROS production and hydroxyl radical generation in rat testis in groups ED and E4D Histopathological evidence supported the disruption of spermatogenesis by piperine All the effects of piperine after the treatment period (i.e. 60 days) were back to normal after the withdrawal period (i.e., after 120 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopichand Chinta
- DBT-Interdesciplinary Program in Life sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Latha Periyasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry Universty, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
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Gao T, Xue H, Lu L, Zhang T, Han H. Characterization of piperine metabolites in rats by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:901-910. [PMID: 28370557 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Piperine is a major constituent of Piper nigrum L. and is a naturally bioactive alkaloid. Structural changes in piperine have been shown to result in different biological effects. The present study aims to investigate piperine metabolites in rat plasma, bile, urine, and feces after oral administration. METHODS The metabolic pathway of piperine in vivo was investigated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHLPC) combined with electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS). Piperine metabolites were found and identified by fragmentation patterns and accurate mass measurements. RESULTS The 12 metabolites detected and identified were divided into three groups: methylenedioxycyclic ring-opening metabolites (M01-M08), methylenedioxycyclic ring-oxidizing metabolites (M09-M11), and piperidine ring-cleavage metabolites (M12). Seven piperine metabolites, including M02, M03, M04, M05, M09, M10 and M11, were reported for the first time in the literature. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that the principal metabolism pathways of piperine in rat were reduction and demethylation after ring-opening, and that UHPLC/QTOF-MS can serve as an important analytical platform to gather the piperine metabolism profile. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- Experimental Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Haiping Xue
- Experimental Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Experimental Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experimental Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Han Han
- Experimental Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
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Venkateshwarlu R, Chinnababu B, Ramulu U, Purushotham Reddy K, Damoder Reddy M, Sowjanya P, Venkateswara Rao P, Aravind S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of (-)-kunstleramide and its derivatives. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:394-404. [PMID: 30108756 PMCID: PMC6071945 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00606j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Stereoselective total synthesis of (-)-kunstleramide, a cytotoxic dienamide from the bark of Beilschmiedia kunstleri gamble, has been accomplished by using Keck's asymmetric allylation and Trost isomerization as key reactions. Application of the developed strategy for the synthesis of a series of amide analogues (8-22) was also reported. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-proliferative activities against human epithelial lung carcinoma (A549), human epithelial cervical cancer (HeLa), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and human neuroblastoma (IMR32) cell lines using the SRB assay. All the compounds show moderate anti-proliferative activity against all cell lines. Some of the piperazine derivatives (17-22) strongly inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells with IC50 values of 8-20 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Venkateshwarlu
- Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad , Telangana State , India-500007 . ;
| | - B Chinnababu
- Division of Natural Product Chemistry , CSIR-IICT , Hyderabad , Telangana State , India-500007
| | - U Ramulu
- Division of Natural Product Chemistry , CSIR-IICT , Hyderabad , Telangana State , India-500007
| | - K Purushotham Reddy
- Division of Natural Product Chemistry , CSIR-IICT , Hyderabad , Telangana State , India-500007
| | - M Damoder Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy , Union University , 1050 Union University Drive , Jackson , Tennessee , USA-38305
| | - P Sowjanya
- Division of Chemical Biology , CSIR-IICT , Hyderabad , Telangana State , India-500007
| | - P Venkateswara Rao
- Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad , Telangana State , India-500007 . ;
| | - S Aravind
- Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad , Telangana State , India-500007 . ;
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da Silva Cardoso V, Vermelho AB, Ribeiro de Lima CA, Mendes de Oliveira J, Freire de Lima ME, Pinto da Silva LH, Direito GM, Miranda Danelli MDG. Antigenotoxic Effect of Piperine in Broiler Chickens Intoxicated with Aflatoxin B1. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E316. [PMID: 27809242 PMCID: PMC5127113 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8110316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperine is an abundant amide extracted from black pepper seeds which has been shown to have protective effects against cytotoxic and genotoxic carcinogenesis induced by certain chemical carcinogens and aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in vitro. The aim of this work was to study, in vivo, the antigenotoxic potential of feed-added piperine on broiler chickens experimentally intoxicated with AFB₁, using micronucleus and comet assays. The antigenotoxicity assessment of 9-day-old chicks was performed on a total of 60 chickens divided into four groups of 15 broilers each: (C) control, (P) 60 mg·piperine kg-1 feed, (A) 0.5 mg·AFB₁·kg-1 body weight, (daily by oral route), and (P + A) co-treatment with piperine and AFB₁. The experiment was conducted for 26 days. Chicks intoxicated with AFB₁ showed significant genotoxic effects in the first 24 h post intoxication, and the effects remained in the other periods analyzed (48, 72, and 96 h and 26 days of treatment). The DNA damage in peripheral blood cells, the number of erythrocytes with micronuclei, and polychromatic-to-normochromatic erythrocyte ratio were significantly reduced or absent in the piperine/AFB₁ group. No significant differences were observed between the group piperine/AFB₁ and the control and piperine-alone groups. The addition 60 mg·kg-1 of piperine to the diet of the broiler chicks was safe, promoting beneficial effects in poultry health with respect to the toxic effects 0.5 mg·AFB₁·kg-1 body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica da Silva Cardoso
- BIOINOVAR-Biotecnologia, Unidade de Biocatálise, Bioprodutos e Bioenergia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil.
| | - Alane Beatriz Vermelho
- BIOINOVAR-Biotecnologia, Unidade de Biocatálise, Bioprodutos e Bioenergia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil.
| | | | - Jéssica Mendes de Oliveira
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Glória Maria Direito
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil.
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14
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Use of black pepper, cinnamon and turmeric as feed additives in the poultry industry. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933915000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Khajuria RK, Sharma N, Koul JL, Verma MK. Concentration dependent Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry and Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS ) studies on (E,E)-1-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]- piperidine (Piperine) and its analogues. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:427. [PMID: 24046811 PMCID: PMC3773103 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Studies on piperine ((M 1 )) and its synthetic analogues (M 2-18 ) by positive electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry were carried out in the flow injection mode of analysis in methanol. The MS experiments on these compounds at concentration 5 ng/μL or above yielded dimeric ionic species [2 M + Na](+) which revealed that piperine and its analogues exhibit clustering of ions when the solutions of these compounds at concentrations 5 ng/μL or above were allowed to move through the electrospray interface of the mass spectrometer. The same clustering of the ions was not observed when the solutions of the same compounds at concentrations below 5 ng/μL were used for similar studies. The formation of the clusters was further confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) studies wherein the fragmentation of dimeric ionic species [2 M + Na](+) led to the formation of sodium adducted monomeric ionic species [M + Na](+). The MS measurements of these compounds by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation (APCI) were on expected lines as there was no clustering of the ions in case of APCI-MS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K Khajuria
- />Analytical Chemistry Division (Instrumentation), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001 India
| | - Neha Sharma
- />Analytical Chemistry Division (Instrumentation), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001 India
| | - Jawahar L Koul
- />Analytical Chemistry Division (Instrumentation), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001 India
- />Bio-Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001 India
| | - Mahendra K Verma
- />Bio-Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001 India
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Meghwal M, Goswami TK. Piper nigrum and piperine: an update. Phytother Res 2013; 27:1121-30. [PMID: 23625885 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a very widely used spice, known for its pungent constituent piperine. However, in addition to its culinary uses, pepper has important medicinal and preservative properties, and, more recently, piperine has been shown to have fundamental effects on p-glycoprotein and many enzyme systems, leading to biotransformative effects including chemoprevention, detoxification, and enhancement of the absorption and bioavailability of herbal and conventional drugs. Based on modern cell, animal, and human studies, piperine has been found to have immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, anti-asthmatic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, and anti-amoebic properties. In this review, the chemical constituents, biological activities, effects of processing, and future potential of black pepper and piperine have been discussed thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murlidhar Meghwal
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, WB, India
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Butt MS, Pasha I, Sultan MT, Randhawa MA, Saeed F, Ahmed W. Black Pepper and Health Claims: A Comprehensive Treatise. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:875-86. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.571799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Dudhatra GB, Mody SK, Awale MM, Patel HB, Modi CM, Kumar A, Kamani DR, Chauhan BN. A comprehensive review on pharmacotherapeutics of herbal bioenhancers. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:637953. [PMID: 23028251 PMCID: PMC3458266 DOI: 10.1100/2012/637953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In India, Ayurveda has made a major contribution to the drug discovery process with new means of identifying active compounds. Recent advancement in bioavailability enhancement of drugs by compounds of herbal origin has produced a revolutionary shift in the way of therapeutics. Thus, bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing classical text books and peer-reviewed papers, consulting worldwide-accepted scientific databases from last 30 years. Herbal bioenhancers have been shown to enhance bioavailability and bioefficacy of different classes of drugs, such as antibiotics, antituberculosis, antiviral, antifungal, and anticancerous drugs at low doses. They have also improved oral absorption of nutraceuticals like vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and certain herbal compounds. Their mechanism of action is mainly through absorption process, drug metabolism, and action on drug target. This paper clearly indicates that scientific researchers and pharmaceutical industries have to give emphasis on experimental studies to find out novel active principles from such a vast array of unexploited plants having a role as a bioavailability and bioefficacy enhancer. Also, the mechanisms of action by which bioenhancer compounds exert bioenhancing effects remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam B Dudhatra
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar 385506, Gujarat, India.
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Dawid C, Henze A, Frank O, Glabasnia A, Rupp M, Büning K, Orlikowski D, Bader M, Hofmann T. Structural and sensory characterization of key pungent and tingling compounds from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:2884-2895. [PMID: 22352449 DOI: 10.1021/jf300036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To gain a more comprehensive knowledge on whether, besides the well-known piperine, other compounds are responsible for the pungent and tingling oral impression imparted by black pepper, an ethanol extract prepared from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) was screened for its key sensory-active nonvolatiles by application of taste dilution analysis (TDA). Purification of the compounds perceived with the highest sensory impact, followed by LC-MS and 1D/2D NMR experiments as well as synthesis, led to the structure determination of 25 key pungent and tingling phytochemicals, among which the eight amides 1-(octadeca-2E,4E,13Z-trienyl)piperidine, 1-(octadeca-2E,4E,13Z-trienyl)pyrrolidine, (2E,4E,13Z)-N-isobutyl-octadeca-2,4,13-trienamide, 1-(octadeca-2E,4E,12Z-trienoyl)-pyrrolidine, 1-(eicosa-2E,4E,15Z-trienyl)piperidine, 1-(eicosa-2E,4E,15Z-trienyl)pyrrolidine, (2E,4E,15Z)-N-isobutyl-eicosa-2,4,15-trienamide, and 1-(eicosa-2E,4E,14Z-trienoyl)-pyrrolidine were not yet reported in literature. Sensory studies by means of a modified half-tongue test revealed recognition thresholds ranging from 3.0 to 1150.2 nmol/cm² for pungency and from 520.6 to 2162.1 nmol/cm² for the tingling orosensation depending on their chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Dawid
- Chair for Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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20
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Cardoso V, Castro I, Lima C, Lima M, Dorneles L, Direito G, Danelli M. Efficacy of piperine in reducing the effects of aflatoxin intoxication in broiler chickens: a preliminary report. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352011000200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Cariño-Cortés R, Gayosso-De-Lucio JA, Ortiz MI, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, García-Reyna PB, Cilia-López VG, Pérez-Hernández N, Moreno E, Ponce-Monter H. Antinociceptive, genotoxic and histopathological study of Heliopsis longipes S.F. Blake in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:216-221. [PMID: 20435120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE H. longipes S.F. Blake (Asteraceae) is a Mexican plant, whose roots are traditionally used as a condiment, as a mouth anesthetic, and as an antiparasitic. Affinin is the alkamide present in higher amounts in the roots of H. longipes. AIM OF THE STUDY To date, there are no published studies regarding the relation between the analgesic properties, in vivo cytotoxicity, and DNA-damaging potential of H. longipes ethanol extract (HLEE). MATERIALS AND METHODS The HLEE was chromatographically fingerprinted to validate its affinin contents. Biological evaluation was conducted in sets of 6-8 CD1(+) mice. Antinociceptive effect was evaluated using the writhing and hot-plate tests, and mutagenic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated with micronucleous test in CD1(+) mice. For histopathological studies, biological samples from liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, lung, and brain were collected and stained. RESULTS Oral administration of HLEE (3-100 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in both assays. In micronucleus assay, the variability in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPE) induced, and PE/NE index, the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes with respect to the number of normochromatic erythrocytes induced by HLEE in the evaluated schedule, were small and nonsignificant. After histopathological results, HLEE showed polioencephalomalacia with 1000 mg/kg dose. CONCLUSIONS This work provides evidence that HLEE exerts analgesic effects, with no genotoxic effects in vivo. These findings would be an important contribution to explain the use of H. longipes root as an effective analgesic in traditional medicine, and to establish for the first time the absence of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the root in bioactive doses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cariño-Cortés
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
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Gaulkar SU, Gaikar VG. Precipitation of Piperine from Hydrotropic Solutions: Study of Crystal Nucleation and Growth Kinetics from Batch Experiments. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1081/ss-200034344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahir U. Gaulkar
- University Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Vilas G. Gaikar
- University Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai, India
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Gagini TB, Silva RE, Castro IS, Soares BA, Lima MEF, Brito MF, Mazur C, Direito GM, Danelli MDGM. Oral administration of piperine for the control of aflatoxin intoxication in rats. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:345-8. [PMID: 24031502 PMCID: PMC3768673 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220100002000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are mycotoxins that have important toxic effects on human and animal health, even if consumed at low doses. The oral administration of piperine (1.12 mg/kg) during 23 days in rats seemingly interfered with the toxicity of aflatoxins, decreasing hepatic injuries and the leukocyte depletion in experimentally intoxicated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita B Gagini
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro , Seropédica, RJ , Brasil
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Friedman M, Levin CE, Lee SU, Lee JS, Ohnisi-Kameyama M, Kozukue N. Analysis by HPLC and LC/MS of pungent piperamides in commercial black, white, green, and red whole and ground peppercorns. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:3028-36. [PMID: 18386929 DOI: 10.1021/jf703711z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pepper plants accumulate pungent bioactive alkaloids called piperamides. To facilitate studies in this area, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods were developed and used to measure the following piperamides in 10 commercial whole (peppercorns) and in 10 ground, black, white, green, and red peppers: piperanine, piperdardine, piperine, piperlonguminine, and piperettine. Structural identification of individual compounds in extracts was performed by associating the HPLC peak of each compound with the corresponding mass spectrum. The piperanine content of the peppers (in mg/g piperine equivalents) ranged from 0.3 for the ground white pepper to 1.4 in black peppercorns. The corresponding range for piperdardine was from 0.0 for seven samples to 1.8 in black peppercorns; for four isomeric piperines, from 0.7 for red to 129 in green peppercorns; for piperlonguminine, from 0.0 in red peppercorns to 1.0 in black peppercorns; and for piperyline, from 0.9 in ground black pepper to 5.9 for red peppercorn. Four well-separated stereoisomeric forms of piperettine with the same molecular weight were present in 19 peppers. The sums of the piperamides ranged from 6.6 for red to 153 for green peppercorns. In contrast to large differences in absolute concentrations among the peppers, the ratios of piperines to total piperamide were quite narrow, ranging from 0.76 for black to 0.90 for white peppercorns, with an average value of 0.84 +/- 0.04 ( n = 19). Thus, on average, the total piperamide content of the peppers consists of 84% piperines and 16% other piperamides. These results demonstrate the utility of the described extraction and analytical methods used to determine the wide-ranging individual and total piperamide contents of widely consumed peppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA.
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25
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Dama MS, Varshneya C, Dardi MS, Katoch VC. Effect of trikatu pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin administered orally in mountain Gaddi goats. J Vet Sci 2008; 9:25-9. [PMID: 18296885 PMCID: PMC2839109 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2008.9.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of orally administered pefloxacin were studied to evaluate the bio-enhancing effect of the herbal bio-enhancer, trikatu, in mountain Gaddi goats (n = 6). The findings of the study revealed a decreased plasma concentration (p > 0.05) of pefloxacin following trikatu administration during the absorption phase (10, 15, 20 min post pefloxacin administration). In contrast, the plasma concentrations of pefloxacin were significantly higher at 4, 6, 8 and 12 h (during the elimination phase) of the pefloxacin administration. The findings of the investigation revealed higher values for the area under the curve, the area under the first moment of the plasma drug concentration time curve, the mean residential time, the total duration of pharmacological action and bioavailability. Trikatu treatment, however, significantly reduced the elimination half life (t 1/2 beta) and zero time intercept of the elimination phase. The apparent volume of distribution based on the total area under the plasma drug concentration curve [(Vd(area)] and the apparent volume of distribution based on the zero time plasma concentration intercept of the elimination phase [Vd(B)] were significantly higher in trikatu treated animals indicating a better penetration of the drug. Based on the MIC of 0.8 microg/ml of pefloxacin, a priming dose of 6.0 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 2.21 mg/kg is required to be administered at 8 h intervals. For practical purposes in goats this would mean a priming dose of 6 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 2 mg/kg given by the oral route, to be repeated at 8 h intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhukar S Dama
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur-176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Srinivasan K. Black pepper and its pungent principle-piperine: a review of diverse physiological effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2008; 47:735-48. [PMID: 17987447 DOI: 10.1080/10408390601062054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is one of the most widely used among spices. It is valued for its distinct biting quality attributed to the alkaloid, piperine. Black pepper is used not only in human dietaries but also for a variety of other purposes such as medicinal, as a preservative, and in perfumery. Many physiological effects of black pepper, its extracts, or its major active principle, piperine, have been reported in recent decades. Dietary piperine, by favorably stimulating the digestive enzymes of pancreas, enhances the digestive capacity and significantly reduces the gastrointestinal food transit time. Piperine has been demonstrated in in vitro studies to protect against oxidative damage by inhibiting or quenching free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Black pepper or piperine treatment has also been evidenced to lower lipid peroxidation in vivo and beneficially influence cellular thiol status, antioxidant molecules and antioxidant enzymes in a number of experimental situations of oxidative stress. The most far-reaching attribute of piperine has been its inhibitory influence on enzymatic drug biotransforming reactions in the liver. It strongly inhibits hepatic and intestinal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase. Piperine has been documented to enhance the bioavailability of a number of therapeutic drugs as well as phytochemicals by this very property. Piperine's bioavailability enhancing property is also partly attributed to increased absorption as a result of its effect on the ultrastructure of intestinal brush border. Although initially there were a few controversial reports regarding its safety as a food additive, such evidence has been questionable, and later studies have established the safety of black pepper or its active principle, piperine, in several animal studies. Piperine, while it is non-genotoxic, has in fact been found to possess anti-mutagenic and anti-tumor influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India.
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Rout K, Rout O, Mishra S. Estimation of piperine in commercial Ayurvedic formulations. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2007. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.20.2007.6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Madrigal-Santillán E, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Márquez-Márquez R, Reyes A. Antigenotoxic effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the damage produced in mice fed with aflatoxin B(1) contaminated corn. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:2058-63. [PMID: 16979277 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Revised: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) was evaluated for reducing the micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes (MNNE) rate in mice fed AFB(1) contaminated corn. The study included two groups fed AFB(1) contaminated corn (0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg), a control fed uncontaminated corn, another group fed uncontaminated corn and 0.3% of Sc (1 x 10(8) live cells/g), and two groups fed AFB(1) contaminated corn (0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg) plus 0.3% Sc. Weight and MNNE were determined weekly for six weeks. Subsequently, the same determinations were made for another three-week period, but in mice receiving only a normal diet, without AFB(1) and Sc. Results in the first period revealed the following: control and Sc fed mice had similar constant weight increase, and low MNNE rate; mice fed only AFB(1) showed weight decrease and significant MNNE increase; finally, Sc improved weight gain and reduced MNNE produced by AFB(1). In the second period, results exhibited a tendency similar to that of the previous phase in the control and Sc fed mice; the weight and MNNE values improved in the other groups. We also determined the capacity of Sc for adsorbing and modifying the mycotoxin structure. The mixture was filtered to obtain two phases, and AFB(1) content was measured. Sc revealed a potent adsorbent capacity; however, chromatographic determination suggested no structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, I.P.N., Carpio y Plan de Ayala. Sto. Tomas, México D.F. Cp 11340, Mexico
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Mărutoiu C, Gogoasa I, Oprean I, Mărutoiu OF, Moise MI, Tigae C, Rada M. Separation and identification of piperine and chavicine in black pepper by TLC and GC-MS. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2006. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.19.2006.3.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
A resurgence in the use of medical herbs in the Western world, and the co-use of modern and traditional therapies is becoming more common. Thus there is the potential for both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions. For example, systems such as the cytochrome P450 (CYP) may be particularly vulnerable to modulation by the multiple active constituents of herbs, as it is well known that the CYPs are subject to induction and inhibition by exposure to a wide variety of xenobiotics. Using in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches, many herbs and natural compounds isolated from herbs have been identified as substrates, inhibitors, and/or inducers of various CYP enzymes. For example, St. John's wort is a potent inducer of CYP3A4, which is mediated by activating the orphan pregnane X receptor. It also contains ingredients that inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Many other common medicinal herbs also exhibited inducing or inhibiting effects on the CYP system, with the latter being competitive, noncompetitive, or mechanism-based. It appears that the regulation of CYPs by herbal products complex, depending on the herb type, their administration dose and route, the target organ and species. Due to the difficulties in identifying the active constituents responsible for the modulation of CYP enzymes, prediction of herb-drug metabolic interactions is difficult. However, herb-CYP interactions may have important clinical and toxicological consequences. For example, induction of CYP3A4 by St. John's wort may partly provide an explanation for the enhanced plasma clearance of a number of drugs, such as cyclosporine and innadivir, which are known substrates of CYP3A4, although other mechanisms including modulation of gastric absorption and drug transporters cannot be ruled out. In contrast, many organosulfur compounds, such as diallyl sulfide from garlic, are potent inhibitors of CYP2E1; this may provide an explanation for garlic's chemoproventive effects, as many mutagens require activation by CYP2E1. Therefore, known or potential herb-CYP interactions exist, and further studies on their clinical and toxicological roles are warranted. Given that increasing numbers of people are exposed to a number of herbal preparations that contain many constituents with potential of CYP modulation, high-throughput screening assays should be developed to explore herb-CYP interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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31
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Selvendiran K, Singh JPV, Krishnan KB, Sakthisekaran D. Cytoprotective effect of piperine against benzo[a]pyrene induced lung cancer with reference to lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in Swiss albino mice. Fitoterapia 2003; 74:109-15. [PMID: 12628402 DOI: 10.1016/s0367-326x(02)00304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cytoprotective effect of piperine on benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) induced experimental lung cancer was investigated in male Swiss albino mice. Oral administration of piperine (100 mg/kg body wt.) effectively suppressed lung cancer initiated with B[a]P as revealed by the decrease in the extent of lipid peroxidation with concomitant increase in the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic antioxidant (reduced glutathione, vitamin E and vitamin C) levels when compared to lung cancer bearing animals. Our data suggest that piperine may extend its chemopreventive effect by modulating lipid peroxidation and augmenting antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Selvendiran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
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El Hamss R, Idaomar M, Alonso-Moraga A, Muñoz Serrano A. Antimutagenic properties of bell and black peppers. Food Chem Toxicol 2003; 41:41-7. [PMID: 12453727 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The wing Somatic Mutation And Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster was used to study the modulating action of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) and black pepper (Piper nigrum) in combination with the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and the promutagen agent ethyl carbamate (EC). Larvae trans-heterozygous for the third chromosome recessive markers multiple wing hairs (mwh) and flare-3 [flr(3)] were fed genotoxins alone or in combination with each of the two spices. Genetic changes induced in somatic cells of the wing's imaginal discs lead to the formation of mutant clones on the wing blade. Our results showed that bell pepper was effective in reducing the mutational events induced by EC and MMS and black pepper was only effective against EC. Pretreatment of 2-day-old larvae with the spices for 24 h followed by a treatment with EC and MMS was only effective in reducing mutations induced by EC. Suppression of metabolic activation or interaction with the active groups of mutagens could be mechanisms by which the spices exert their antimutagenic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- R El Hamss
- Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (BCM) BP 2121, 93002 Tétouan, Morocco
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Liu H, Bigler SA, Henegar JR, Baliga R. Cytochrome P450 2B1 mediates oxidant injury in puromycin-induced nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int 2002; 62:868-76. [PMID: 12164868 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) are important mediators of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) induced minimal change nephrotic syndrome (NS) in rats. We have recently shown that cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a significant source of catalytic iron in this model of glomerular injury. The current study was designed to identify the CYP isozyme(s) in the rat glomeruli and explore the role of the specific isozyme(s) in PAN-induced minimal change NS. METHODS NS was induced in rats by a single intravenous injection of PAN. Animals were sacrificed at different time points for variety of biochemical assays including Western blot, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ultrastructural histochemistry was utilized to study hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation in the kidney. RESULTS Several CYP isozymes were tested and CYP2B1 was localized exclusively in the rat glomeruli but not in the tubules. Treatment with PAN resulted in the generation of H2O2 in the glomerular basement membrane with significant loss of CYP2B1 content accompanied by a marked increase in the catalytic iron. CYP2B1 inhibitors cimetidine and piperine significantly reduced H2O2 generation, and prevented the loss of CYP2B1 content and the increase in the catalytic iron. CYP2B1 inhibitors also provided significant protection against PAN induced proteinuria. The induction of heme oxygenase and ferritin also was observed in the glomeruli in PAN-treated rats. Both cimetidine and piperine reduced the up-regulation of these proteins. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that CYP2B1 plays an important role in PAN induced NS by serving as a site for ROM generation and a significant source of catalytic iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
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Raman G, Gaikar VG. Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Piperine from Piper nigrum. Ind Eng Chem Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ie010359b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girija Raman
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Vilas G. Gaikar
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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Galvano F, Piva A, Ritieni A, Galvano G. Dietary strategies to counteract the effects of mycotoxins: a review. J Food Prot 2001; 64:120-31. [PMID: 11198434 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-64.1.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed various dietary strategies to contain the toxic effects of mycotoxins using antioxidant compounds (selenium, vitamins, provitamins), food components (phenolic compounds, coumarin, chlorophyll and its derivatives, fructose, aspartame), medicinal herbs and plant extracts, and mineral and biological binding agents (hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, bentonites, zeolites, activated carbons, bacteria, and yeast). Available data are primarily from in vitro studies and mainly focus on aflatoxin B1, whereas much less information is available about other mycotoxins. Compounds with antioxidant properties are potentially very efficacious because of their ability to act as superoxide anion scavengers. Interesting results have been obtained by food components contained in coffee, strawberries, tea, pepper, grapes, turmeric, Fava tonka, garlic, cabbage, and onions. Additionally, some medicinal herbs and plant extracts could potentially provide protection against aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1. Activated carbons, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, and bacteria seem to effectively act as binders. We conclude that dietary strategies are the most promising approach to the problem, considering their limited or nil interference in the food production process. Nevertheless, a great research effort is necessary to verify the in vivo detoxification ability of the purposed agents, their mode of action, possible long-term drawbacks of these detoxification-decontamination procedures, and their economical and technical feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Galvano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroforestali ed Ambientali, Universita di Reggio, Gallina di Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Koul S, Koul JL, Taneja SC, Dhar KL, Jamwal DS, Singh K, Reen RK, Singh J. Structure-activity relationship of piperine and its synthetic analogues for their inhibitory potentials of rat hepatic microsomal constitutive and inducible cytochrome P450 activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:251-68. [PMID: 10968285 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of drug metabolism have important implications in pharmaco-toxicology and agriculture. We have reported earlier that piperine, a major alkaloid of black and long peppers inhibits both constitutive and inducible cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent drug metabolising enzymes. In the present study, an attempt has been made to prepare several novel synthetic analogues so as to relate various modifications in the parent molecule to the inhibition of CYP activities. Two types of mono-oxygenase reactions arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and 7-methoxycoumarin-O-demethylase (MOCD) have been studied. Inhibition studies were investigated in rat microsomal fraction prepared from untreated, 3MC- and PB- treated rat liver in vitro. Modifications were introduced into the piperine molecule: (i) in the phenyl nucleus, (ii) in the side chain and (iii) in the basic moiety. Thus, 38 compounds have been subjected to such studies, and simultaneously an attempt has also been made to arrive at the structure-activity relationship of synthetic analogues. In general, most of the inhibitory potential of the parent molecule is lost with modification in either of the three components of piperine. Saturation of the side chain resulted in significantly enhanced inhibition of CYP while modifications in the phenyl and basic moieties in few analogues offered maximal selectivity in inhibiting either constitutive or inducible CYP activities. Thus few novel analogues as CYP inactivators have been synthesized which may have important consequences in pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koul
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Jammu-tawi, India
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Malini T, Manimaran RR, Arunakaran J, Aruldhas MM, Govindarajulu P. Effects of piperine on testis of albino rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 1999; 64:219-225. [PMID: 10363836 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Piperine was administered to mature male albino rats at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight, p.o., respectively, for 30 days. Only a 10 mg dose of piperine treatment caused a significant reduction in the weights of testis and accessory sex organs. Histological studies revealed that piperine at a 5 mg dose caused partial degeneration of germ cell types, whereas at a 10 mg dose, it caused severe damage to the seminiferous tubule, decrease in seminiferous tubular and Leydig cell nuclear diameter and desquamation of spermatocytes and spermatids. Correlated to the structural changes, a fall in caput and cauda epididymal sperm concentrations was also evident. A 10 mg dose of piperine also caused a marked increase in serum gonadotropins and a decrease in intratesticular testosterone concentration, despite normal serum testosterone titres.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Malini
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taramani, Madras, India
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