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The Ameliorative Effect of Monomethyl Fumarate and Silymarin Against Valproic Acid Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Brice Landry K, Tariq S, Malik A, Sufyan M, Ashfaq UA, Ijaz B, Shahid AA. Berberis lyceum and Fumaria indica: in vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and in silico screening of their selected phytochemicals as novel hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:7829-7851. [PMID: 33764266 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1902395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Berberis lyceum and Fumaria indica are two Pakistani indigenous herbal medicines used to treat liver infections, including hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity, and antioxidant activity of these plant extracts and computationally screen their selected phytoconstituents as HCV NS5A inhibitors. The viability of HepG2 cells was assessed 24 h and 48 h post-treatment using colorimetric and dye exclusion methods. Antioxidant properties were examined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity assays. Seventeen known phytochemicals identified from each plant were docked into the active binding site of HCV NS5A protein. The top hit ligands were analyzed for their druglikeness properties and the indices of absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity (ADMET). The results showed that both plant extracts were non-toxic (CC50 > 200 µg/ml). The IC50 values of DPPH-radical scavenging activity were 51.02 ± 0.94 and 62.91 ± 1.85 µg/ml for B. lyceum and F. indica, respectively. They also exhibited reducing power and total antioxidant capacity.The phytochemicals were identified as potent HCV NS5A inhibitors with good druglikeness and ADMET properties. Six of the docked phytochemicals exhibited higher binding scores (-17.9 to -19.2 kcal/mol) with HCV NS5A protein than the standard drug, daclatasvir (-17.2 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation confirmed the stability of two compounds, berbamine and paprafumine at 100 ns with active site of HCV NS5A protein. The identified compounds through molecular docking and MD simulation could have potential as HCV NS5A inhibitor after further validation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koloko Brice Landry
- Laboratory of Applied and Functional Genomics, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Somayya Tariq
- Laboratory of Applied and Functional Genomics, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Malik
- Laboratory of Applied and Functional Genomics, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sufyan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- Laboratory of Applied and Functional Genomics, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali Shahid
- Laboratory of Applied and Functional Genomics, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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3
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Kourakis S, Timpani CA, de Haan JB, Gueven N, Fischer D, Rybalka E. Dimethyl Fumarate and Its Esters: A Drug with Broad Clinical Utility? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100306. [PMID: 33066228 PMCID: PMC7602023 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumaric acid esters (FAEs) are small molecules with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is the best characterised FAE and is approved and registered for the treatment of psoriasis and Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). Psoriasis and RRMS share an immune-mediated aetiology, driven by severe inflammation and oxidative stress. DMF, as well as monomethyl fumarate and diroximel fumarate, are commonly prescribed first-line agents with favourable safety and efficacy profiles. The potential benefits of FAEs against other diseases that appear pathogenically different but share the pathologies of oxidative stress and inflammation are currently investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kourakis
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
| | - Cara A. Timpani
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Judy B. de Haan
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Basic Science Domain, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Nuri Gueven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia;
| | - Dirk Fischer
- Division of Developmental- and Neuropediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-383-958-226
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Zhang R, Guo Q, Kennelly EJ, Long C, Chai X. Diverse alkaloids and biological activities of Fumaria (Papaveraceae): An ethnomedicinal group. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104697. [PMID: 32739338 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fumaria species, commonly known as fumitory or earth smoke, are considered weeds in many regions. However, several Fumaria species have long been used in folk medicine, such as F. capreolata L., F. densiflora DC., F. indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley, F. officinalis L., F. parviflora Lam., and F. vaillantii Loisel. as well. The ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of 24 Fumaria species have been investigated. Phytochemical studies on Fumaria species revealed the presence of numerous alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. Phthalideisoquinolines (PTIs), protoberberines, and spirobenzylisoquinolines (SBIs) are the major alkaloids in the genus Fumaria. The plants biosynthesize a diverse group of biologically active isoquinoline alkaloids, and these may help to explain the use of various Fumaria species in folk medicine. Pharmacological studies revealed a broad spectrum of bioactivities such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. We found 159 articles published from 1969-2019 by searching the keyword "Fumaria" using databases such as SciFinder, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Based on our reading of these papers, Fumaria species appear to be a source of bioactive isoquinoline alkaloids and ethnomedicines. The lack of studies on pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, quality control, and toxicology are discussed in this review. There is great potential for broader medicinal applications of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; PhD Program in Biology, Biochemistry, and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xingyun Chai
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Shalmani AA, Ghahremani MH, Jeivad F, Shadboorestan A, Hassanzadeh G, Beh-Pajooh A, Ganbari-Erdi M, Kasirzadeh S, Mojtahedzadeh M, Sabzevari O. Monomethyl fumarate alleviates sepsis-induced hepatic dysfunction by regulating TLR-4/NF-κB signalling pathway. Life Sci 2018; 215:152-158. [PMID: 30412724 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sepsis is a potentially fatal illness that can lead to impairment of multiple organs such as liver. The condition is deeply associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Monomethyl fumarate (MMF) has manifested antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of current study was to evaluate protective effects of MMF in sepsis-induced hepatic dysfunction. MAIN METHODS Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Wistar rats were assigned to one of sham, CLP, CLP + dexamethasone (as positive control of inflammation) and CLP + MMF groups. Levels of serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, AST, ALT and γ‑GT were quantified. Furthermore, Hepatic levels of GSH and MDA and mRNA expression of TNF and NFKBIA along with hepatic protein level of TLR-4 were assessed. Also, histopathological study of liver was carried out to evaluate hepatic injuries. KEY FINDINGS Septic rats demonstrated risen levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, AST, ALT and γ‑GT, while treatment with dexamethasone or MMF attenuated these levels. Moreover, enhancements in protein level of TLR-4 and mRNA levels of TNF and NFKBIA were observed in CLP rats. These elevations were mitigated in CLP-induced rats that were treated with either dexamethasone or MMF. Treatment with dexamethasone or MMF also shifted sepsis-induced disturbance in the levels of GSH and MDA towards sham levels. Hepato-protective effects of dexamethasone and MMF were further confirmed by histopathological observations. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings imply that MMF alleviates sepsis-induced hepatic dysfunction by mitigating the inflammatory and oxidative state and this effect is at least partly mediated by the inhibition of TLR-4/NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Azadkhah Shalmani
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Jeivad
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shadboorestan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Beh-Pajooh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mikhriy Ganbari-Erdi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Kasirzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, TUMS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sabzevari
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Thenmozhi K, Anusuya N, Ajmal Ali M, Jamuna S, Karthika K, Venkatachalapathi A, Al-Hemaid FM, Farah MA, Paulsamy S. Pharmacological credence of the folklore use of Bauhinia malabarica in the management of jaundice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:22-26. [PMID: 29379351 PMCID: PMC5775108 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The information on the hepatoprotective effect of Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. (Family Leguminosae) used in the folkloric medical practice in Malabar coast and Walayar valley of southern India for the treatment of liver related disorders is completely unknown. Hence, the efficacy of the aqueous methanolic extract of stem bark of B. malabarica (AqMeOH-Ba) was evaluated for liver function serum biochemical markers along with the antioxidant markers in liver tissues of Wistar albino rats. The biochemical observations as well as the histopathological examination of liver sections manifested considerable hepatoprotective activity of B. malabarica stem bark, and thus validated the folkloric claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thenmozhi
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Anusuya
- Department of Botany, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Jamuna
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Karthika
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Venkatachalapathi
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - F M Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Farah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Paulsamy
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
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Deliorman Orhan D, Hartevioğlu A, Orhan N, Berkkan A, Gökbulut A, Günhan Ö, Pekcan M. Subacute Effects of Standardized F
umaria Vaillantii
Lois. Ethanol Extract on Trace Element Levels, Biochemical and Histopathological Parameters in Experimental Liver Toxicity. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Deliorman Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; Etiler Ankara 06330 Turkey
| | - Ali Hartevioğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; Etiler Ankara 06330 Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; Etiler Ankara 06330 Turkey
| | - Aysel Berkkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; Etiler Ankara 06330 Turkey
| | - Alper Gökbulut
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Ömer Günhan
- Department of Pathology; Gülhane Military Medical Academy; Ankara Turkey
| | - Mert Pekcan
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
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8
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Shakya A, Soni UK, Rai G, Chatterjee SS, Kumar V. Gastro-protective and Anti-stress Efficacies of Monomethyl Fumarate and a Fumaria indica Extract in Chronically Stressed Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26215054 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Results of the very first experiments conducted to evaluate therapeutic potentials of a fumarate containing Fumaria indica extract and of fairly low daily oral doses of monomethyl fumarate for prevention of chronic unavoidable foot-shock stress-induced gastric ulcers, and possible involvement of diverse neuro-hormonal and oxidative process in their stress response desensitizing effects are reported and discussed in this article. Preventive effects of 21 daily oral 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg doses of a standardized 50 % methanolic F. indica extract (MFI) and 1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 mg/kg/day of pure monomethyl fumarate (MMF) were compared in rats subjected to one hour daily unavoidable foot-shocks. A pharmaceutically well-standardized Withania somnifera (WS) root extract was used as a reference herbal anti-stress agent in all experiments. Effects of the treatments on stress-induced alterations in body weight, adrenal and spleen weights, gastric ulcer and ulcer index, weight of glandular stomach, protective mucosal glycoprotein content, cellular proliferation, oxidative stress on stomach fundus, and brain tissues of male rats were quantified. Other parameters quantified were plasma corticosterone levels, brain monoamine levels, and expressions of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-1β in blood and brain of stressed and treated rats. Most but not every observed stress-induced anomalies were suppressed or completely prevented by both MFI and pure MMF treatments in dose-dependent manner. Qualitatively, the observed activity profiles of both of them were similar to those of WS dose tested. These results reveal that both MFI and MMF are potent gastro-protective agents against chronic unavoidable stress-induced ulcers and strongly suggest that they act as regulators or modulators of monoamine, corticosterone, and cytokine homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Shakya
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Upendra Kumar Soni
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Geeta Rai
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Vikas Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
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9
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Gupta PC, Sharma N, Rao CV. A review on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Fumaria indica (Fumitory). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:665-9. [PMID: 23569991 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley (Fumariaceae), known as "Fumitory", is an annual herb found as a common weed all over the plains of India and Pakistan. The whole plant is widely used in traditional and folkloric systems of medicine. In traditional systems of medicine, the plant is reputed for its anthelmintic, diuretic, diaphoretic, laxative, cholagogue, stomachic and sedative activities and is used to purify blood and in liver obstruction in ethnopharmacology. The whole plant is ascribed to possess medicinal virtues in Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine and is also used in preparation of important Ayurvedic medicinal preparations and polyherbal liver formulations. The review reveals that phytochemical constituents of wide range have been separated from the plants and it possesses important pharmacological activities like smooth muscle relaxant, spasmogenic and spasmolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuropharmacological and antibacterial activities. The separation of hepatoprotective and antifungal constituents from this plant was also reported newly. This review highlights the traditional, ethnobotanical, phytochemical, pharmacological information available on Fumaria indica, which might be helpful for scientists and researchers to find out new chemical entities responsible for its claimed traditional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chandra Gupta
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur-208024, India
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10
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Shakya A, Singh GK, Chatterjee SS, Kumar V. Role of fumaric acid in anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of a Fumaria indica extracts. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2014; 3:173-8. [PMID: 26401369 PMCID: PMC4576815 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20140912021115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to test whether the ethanolic extract of Fumaria indica (FI) possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, and fumaric acid (FA) could be one of its bioactive constituent involved in such activities of the extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS For anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma tests in rats and for analgesic activity rat tail flick test and hot plate and acetic acid writhing tests in mice were used. All tests were performed after seven daily oral doses of the FI extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day) and pure FA (1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 mg/kg/day). RESULTS Anti-inflammatory activities of FI and FA were observed in carrageenan-induced edema and cotton pallet granuloma even after their lowest tested doses. No analgesic activity of lowest tested dose of FA was observed in the acetic acid writhing test, but likewise, all tested dose levels of FI, higher tested dose levels of FA were also possess significant analgesic activity in this test. Further, significant analgesic activities of both FI and FA in hot plate and tale flick tests were observed after all their tested doses. CONCLUSIONS These observations are in agreement with our working hypothesis on the connection of FA in mode(s) of action(s) of FI, and reaffirm the conviction that FI could be an herbal alternative against fibromyalgia and other pathologies often associate with, or caused by, inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gireesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Chatterjee
- (Retired) Head of the Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Jameel M, Ali A, Ali M. New phytoconstituents from the aerial parts of Fumaria parviflora Lam. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2014; 5:64-9. [PMID: 24959414 PMCID: PMC4065466 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.133424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumaria parviflora Lam. (Fumariaceae) is an annual herb found throughout the world. Traditionally it has great significance in various disorders. In folk medicine of Turkey it is used against hepato-biliary dysfunction and imported from Iran. In Charaka and Sushruta, it is recommended for treatment of fevers, blood disorders, chronic skin diseases, urinary diseases and cough. The compounds were isolated from methanolic extract of the plants by column chromatography using silica gel (60-120 mesh) as stationary phase and structure of the isolated compounds have been established on the basis of spectral data analysis and chemical reactions. Phytochemical investigation of its aerial parts led to the isolation of five new compounds characterized as (5αH,11αH)-8-oxo-homoiridolide (1), n-docosanyl-2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl salicylate (2), 2-methyl-6-hydroxymethylenedodecan-10-oyl-12, 15-olide14-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (3), 4-oxo-stigmast-5-en-3β-ol-D-glucopyranoside (4) and salicylic acid-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (5) along with the known compounds α-D-glucopyranosyl hexadecanoate (6) and α-D-glucopyranosyl- (2 → 1')-α-D-glucopyranoside (7). The isolated compounds are useful as they will provide essential data and information for the further researchers and development of effective analytical marker for identity, purity and quality control of this traditional plant in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jameel
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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12
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Kumar SVS, Mishra SH. Protective effect of extracts of Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell.-Arg. against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity-an in vivo and in vitro study. Anc Sci Life 2014; 33:216-21. [PMID: 25593401 PMCID: PMC4293748 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.147427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of ethyl methyl ketone and methanol sub-fractions obtained from methanol fraction of total methanol extract (ME) was carried out both in vivo and in vitro using paracetamol-induced toxicity. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Hepatoprotective activity in vivo was assessed by determining the serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, total protein (TPTN), and albumin in serum. The studies were supported by histopathological examination of liver sections. In vitro activity was assessed by determining the change in hepatocyte viability and other parameters such as GOT, GPT and TPTN. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ME of the roots of Baliospermum montanum was prepared and fractionated with chloroform and methanol to get activity guided fraction. The bio-active guided methanol fraction was further fractionated with ethyl methyl ketone and methanol. Both the fractions were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol-induced toxicity. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS For determining the significant intergroup difference each parameter was analyzed separately, and one-way analysis of variance was carried out and the individual comparisons of the group mean values were done using Dunnet's test. RESULTS Methanol sub-fraction prevented hepatic damage in vivo, induced by paracetamol, whereas both the sub-fractions showed hepatoprotective effect by restoring altered parameters in the selected in vitro model. The results were comparable with the standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin. CONCLUSIONS This study underlines the therapeutic potential of B. montanum as per claims in Ayurveda in liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Creative Educational Society's College of Pharmacy, Chinnatekur, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S. H. Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, The MS University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Vemula SK, Chawada MB, Thakur KS, Vahalia MK. Antiulcer activity of Amlapitta Mishran suspension in rats: A pilot study. Anc Sci Life 2013; 32:112-5. [PMID: 24167338 PMCID: PMC3807954 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.118551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Amlapitta Mishran suspension is a poly herbal ayurvedic formulation, which has been traditionally used for acidity and gastric ulcers. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antiulcer activity of Amlapitta Mishran on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) -induced ulcers in the rat model. Subjects and Methods: The antiulcer activity of Amlapitta Mishran was investigated on indomethacin (100 mg/kg) NSAID's induced ulcers in rats. Effect of two different doses of Amlapitta Mishran was studied by calculating the total number of ulcers, ulcer index and percentage inhibition. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was analyzed by the Student's t-test (P < 0.05). Results: Amlapitta Mishran treated rats have shown significant (P < 0.0001) decrease in the total number of ulcers and ulcer index and significant increase in % inhibition of ulcers as compared with positive control group. Conclusion: The results indicate that Amlapitta Mishran has showed a dose dependent antiulcer activity in experimental animals and confirms ayurvedic use of Amlapitta Mishran in gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath K Vemula
- Biomedical Services, Shree Dhootapapeshwar Ayurvedic Research Foundation, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Singh GK, Rai G, Chatterjee SS, Kumar V. Effects of ethanolic extract of Fumaria indica L. on rat cognitive dysfunctions. Ayu 2013; 34:421-9. [PMID: 24696581 PMCID: PMC3968708 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.127727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumaria indica L. in Ayurveda is known as Parpat and traditionally used to calm the brain. Due to lack of scientific validation, 50% ethanolic extract of F. indica L. (FI) was evaluated for putative cognitive function modulating effects. Suspension of FI in 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was orally administered to rats during the entire experimental period of 16 days at dose levels of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day. Piracetam was used as standard nootropic. Behavioral models of learning and memory used were modified elevated plus-maze (M-EPM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests. Scopolamine (I mg/kg, s.c.), sodium nitrite (25 mg/kg, i.p.), and electroconvulsive shock (150 mA, 0.2 sec) were used to induce amnesia. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, muscarinic receptor density, oxidative status, and cytokine expressions [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-10] were also assessed. Piracetam (500 mg/kg/day)-like memory-enhancing and anti-amnesic activity of the extract was observed. FI showed dose-dependent decrease in brain AChE activity and increase in muscarinic receptor density, and such was also the case for its observed beneficial effects on the brain antioxidative status. FI also inhibited the scopolamine-induced overexpression of the three tested cytokines observed in rat's brain. FI possesses nootropic-like beneficial effects on cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gireesh Kumar Singh
- Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutics, Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Varanasi, India
| | - Geeta Rai
- Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Chatterjee
- Retired Head, Pharmacology Labs, Willmar Schwabe, Stettiner Str. 1, D-76138 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Dorostghoal M, Seyyednejad SM, Jabari A. Protective effects of Fumaria parviflora L. on lead-induced testicular toxicity in male rats. Andrologia 2013; 46:437-46. [PMID: 23611729 DOI: 10.1111/and.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the clinical importance of herbal drugs has received considerable attention in reducing free radical-induced tissue injury. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in lead toxicity that causes reproductive system failure in both human and animals. Fumaria parviflora L., a traditional herb, has been used to cure various ailments in Persian folk medicine. This study was carried out to investigate whether ethanolic extract of F. parviflora leaves could protect the male rats against lead-induced testicular oxidative stress. Adult Wistar rats were treated with 0.1% lead acetate in drinking water with or without 200 mg kg day(-1) F. parviflora extract via gavage for 70 days. Lead acetate treatment resulted in significant reduction in testis weight, seminiferous tubules diameter, epididymal sperm count, serum testosterone level, testicular content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Moreover, significant elevation was observed in content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in lead-treated rats. However, co-administration of F. parviflora extract showed a significant increase in selected reproductive parameters in lead-treated rats. The results indicated that ethanolic extract of F. parviflora leaves has a potential to restore the suppressed reproduction associated with lead exposure and prevented lead-induced testicular toxicity in male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dorostghoal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Evaluation of chemopreventive effect of Fumaria indica against N-nitrosodiethylamine and CCl4-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Wistar rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:623-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Orhan IE, Şener B, Musharraf SG. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity appraisal of four selected Fumaria species and their total phenol and flavonoid quantities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:205-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Chemopreventive effect of Fumaria indica that modulates the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance during N-nitrosodiethylamine and CC14-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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Shakya A, Chatterjee SS, Kumar V. Holistic Psychopharmacology of <i>Fumaria indica</i> (Fumitory). Chin Med 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2012.34028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Singh GK, Rai G, Chatterjee SS, Kumar V. Beneficial Effects of <i>Fumaria indica</i> on Chronic Stress-Induced Neurobehavioral and Biochemical Perturbations in Rats. Chin Med 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2012.31009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Bairwa NK, Sethiya NK, Mishra SH. Protective effect of stem bark of Ceiba pentandra linn. against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2011; 2:26-30. [PMID: 21808535 PMCID: PMC3140124 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.60584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports protective activity of ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of stem bark of Ceiba pentandra against paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. The ethyl acetate fraction (400 mg/kg) was administered orally to the rats with hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol (3 gm/kg). Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was used as positive control. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting of ethyl acetate fraction revealed presence of its major chemical constituents. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in serum enzymes GOT (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), GPT alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin content and histopathological screening in the rats treated gave indication that ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic extract of Ceiba pentandra possesses hepatoprotective potential against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal K Bairwa
- Herbal Drug Technology Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat - 390 001, India
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Singh GK, Kumar V. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity study of standardized extract of Fumaria indica in rodents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 134:992-995. [PMID: 21291982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Despite Fumaria indica (FI) widespread medicinal uses in the Indian traditional medicine, no systematic study of the potential toxicity of the plant has been described. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess acute and sub-chronic toxicity of a 50% ethanolic extract of FI in mice and rats respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS In acute toxicity study, Swiss strain albino mice of either sex were administered orally FI doses of 1, 2.5 and 5 g/kg and observed for behavioural changes and mortality, if any. In sub-chronic toxicity study, Charles Foster albino rats of either sex were administered two doses of FI i.e., 100 and 400mg/kg, p.o. for 30 consecutive days. During 30 days of treatment, rats were observed for any change in body weight and daily food and water intake. After 30 days, rats were sacrificed for haematological, biochemical and histopathology study. Control animals were administered 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) suspension by oral route. RESULTS There was no mortality or abnormal behaviour, observed in acute toxicity study in mice at all the three dose levels. In sub-chronic toxicity study, FI did not produce any significant change in body weight and daily food and water intake of rats when compared to vehicle treated rats. Further, haematological and biochemical parameters were also found normal. Histopathological study revealed normal architecture of kidney and liver of FI treated rats. CONCLUSIONS FI extract, provisionally standardized on its fumarate contents, seems to fulfill a preclinical criterion necessary for its further development as a clinically useful adaptogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gireesh Kumar Singh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rathi A, Srivastava AK, Shirwaikar A, Singh Rawat AK, Mehrotra S. Hepatoprotective potential of Fumaria indica Pugsley whole plant extracts, fractions and an isolated alkaloid protopine. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:470-477. [PMID: 18164606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation demonstrates the hepatoprotective potential of 50% ethanolic water extract of whole plant of Fumaria indica and its three fractions viz., hexane, chloroform and butanol against d-galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The hepatoprotection was assessed in terms reduction in histological damage, changes in serum enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, ALP) and metabolites bilirubin, reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (MDA content). Among fractions more than 90% protection was found with butanol fraction in which alkaloid protopine was quantified as highest i.e. about 0.2mg/g by HPTLC. The isolated protopine in doses of 10-20mg p.o. also proved equally effective hepatoprotectants as standard drug silymarine (single dose 25mg p.o.). In general all treatments excluding hexane fraction proved hepatoprotective at par with silymarine (p<or=0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Rathi
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India.
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Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Fumaria indica whole plant extract in experimental animals. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2007; 57:491-8. [PMID: 18165192 DOI: 10.2478/v10007-007-0039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The 50% ethanolic extract of Fumaria indica was investigated for its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potential in animal models. Oral administration of F. indica dry extract (100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1) exhibited dose dependent and significant anti-inflammatory activity in acute (carrageenean and histamine induced hind paw oedema, p < 0.05) and chronic cotton pellet granuloma models of inflammation, p < 0.01). The extract (400 mg kg-1) exhibited maximum anti-inflammatory effects of 42.2 and 42.1% after 3 h with carrageenean and histamine, respectively. The same dose of extract showed 38.9% reduction in granuloma mass in a chronic condition. A significant anti-nociceptive activity was evidenced in mice; 6.6-67.7% (p < 0.01) protection in mechanical, 33.9-125.1% (p < 0.05) protection in thermal induced pain and 22.2-73.9% (p < 0.05) protection in acetic acid-induced writhing.
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Speroni E, Cervellati R, Govoni P, Guizzardi S, Renzulli C, Guerra MC. Efficacy of different Cynara scolymus preparations on liver complaints. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 86:203-211. [PMID: 12738088 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cynara scolymus leaves extracts have long been used in folk medicine for their choleretic and hepatoprotective activities, that are often related to the cynarin content. These therapeutic properties are also attributed to mono- and di-caffeoylquinic acids and since commercial C. scolymus preparations can differ for their activities, we studied four extracts to evaluate, if present, a relationship between the hepatobiliary properties of the different preparations and their content in phenolics. The antioxidant activity of the commercial preparations examined was also considered in an in vitro system. The results showed that the extract with the highest content in phenolic derivatives (GAE) exerted the major effect on bile flow and liver protection. Also the results of the antioxidant capacity (BR) of the different preparations are in good agreement with the results obtained in vivo. On the contrary, administering rats with doses of chlorogenic acid, equivalent to those present in this extract, we did not observe any choleretic or protective action. An histopathological analysis of liver sections confirmed the biochemical results. Perhaps caffeoyl derivatives have a role in the therapeutic properties of C. scolymus extracts, as reported in literature for "in vitro" studies, but when administered alone, they are not so effective in exerting this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Speroni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, Italy.
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26
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Janakat S, Al-Merie H. Optimization of the dose and route of injection, and characterisation of the time course of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2002; 48:41-4. [PMID: 12750040 DOI: 10.1016/s1056-8719(03)00019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to optimize carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat with respect to dose, route of injection, and time course. METHODS Male Wistar albino rats, 4 to 6 weeks old and weighing 130-180 g were used. Hepatotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the activity of serum enzymes (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) as well as serum total bilirubin level. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) increased the activity of ALP (from 64.9 to 137.3 U/l), ALT (from 106.6 to 693.1 U/l), and AST (from 113.8 to 693.9 U/l). Plasma bilirubin level increased (from 0.119 to 0.42 mg/dl). In contrast, subcutaneous injection of CCl(4) had no effect on these variables. The optimum intraperitoneal dose of CCl(4) was found to be 2 ml/kg body weight (dissolved in an equal volume of olive oil), and this increased the level of bilirubin and the activity of the three enzymes significantly, without causing death of the animals. Hepatotoxicity was observed within 2 h of intraperitoneal injection of CCl(4) and reached a peak after 24 h. Bilirubin level and serum enzyme activities declined gradually to normal levels by 3 days after CCl(4) injection. CONCLUSION It is possible to reliably evoke reversible hepatotoxicity in rats by intraperitoneal injection of 2 ml/kg CCl(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Janakat
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan.
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Aktay G, Deliorman D, Ergun E, Ergun F, Yeşilada E, Cevik C. Hepatoprotective effects of Turkish folk remedies on experimental liver injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 73:121-129. [PMID: 11025147 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seven plants which are used in Turkish folk medicine were studied for possible hepatoprotective effects. These plants are Carduus acanthoides and C. nutans (Asteraceae), Cichorium intybus (Asteraceae), Fumaria asepalae and F. vailantii (Fumariaceae), Gentiana olivieri (Gentianaceae) and Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae). Stems, bracts and receptaculum of Cynara scolymus were used as natural reference drugs. Effects of the ethanolic extracts were studied using the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. The extracts of F. vailantii and G. olivieri significantly prevented the elevation of plasma and hepatic malondialdehyde formation (evidence of lipid peroxidation) as well as enzyme levels (AST and ALT) in acute liver injury, which might be ascribed to their potent hepatoprotective activity. Liver sections were also studied histopathologically to confirm the biochemical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aktay
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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