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Liu J, Tian S, Xin C, Liu J, Wang Q, He Y, Liu M, Fu M, Yang Y, Cao X. The Identification of Anthocyanins from Padus racemosa and Its Protective Effects on H 2 O 2 -Induced INS-1 Cells Damage and STZ-Induced Diabetes Mice. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000382. [PMID: 32914574 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage in cells induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a main factor in diabetes mellitus diseases progression. The composition of anthocyanins from Padus racemosa (APR) and the protective effects of APR on H2 O2 -induced rat insulinoma (INS-1) cells damage and streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mice were investigated in this study. The main components of APR were cyanidin-cyanidin glucosyl-rutinoside, cyanidin-cyanidin xylosyl-rutinoside, cyanidin-xylosyl-glucoside and cyanidin-rutinoside, which were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). APR could scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical in vitro. ROS level was decreased and the cell viability was increased in INS-1 cells after treated with APR. Cell apoptosis induced by H2 O2 in INS-1 cells was decreased after incubation with APR. APR could decrease the phosphorylation of p38 and the nuclear translocation of p65, which indicated that APR could inhibit the activation of p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) cell signaling pathways. Meanwhile, APR could effectively reduce the blood glucose and blood lipid in STZ-induced diabetic mice. These results suggested that APR might be a potential agent for diabetes mellitus diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Liu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Tian
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Chong Xin
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Yin He
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Meijia Liu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Fu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Cao
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
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Nyakudya TT, Tshabalala T, Dangarembizi R, Erlwanger KH, Ndhlala AR. The Potential Therapeutic Value of Medicinal Plants in the Management of Metabolic Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112669. [PMID: 32526850 PMCID: PMC7321241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent, multifactorial and complex disease that is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and other major cardiovascular complications. The rise in the global prevalence of MetS has been attributed to genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The adoption of sedentary lifestyles that are characterized by low physical activity and the consumption of high-energy diets contributes to MetS development. Current management criteria for MetS risk factors involve changes in lifestyle and the use of pharmacological agents that target specific biochemical pathways involved in the metabolism of nutrients. Pharmaceutical drugs are usually expensive and are associated with several undesirable side effects. Alternative management strategies of MetS risk factors involve the use of medicinal plants that are considered to have multiple therapeutic targets and are easily accessible. Medicinal plants contain several different biologically active compounds that provide health benefits. The impact of phytochemicals present in local medicinal plants on sustainable health and well-being of individuals has been studied for many years and found to involve a plethora of complex biochemical, metabolic, and physiological mechanisms. While some of these phytochemicals are the basis of mainstream prescribed drugs (e.g., metformin, reserpine, quinine, and salicin), there is a need to identify more medicinal plants that can be used for the management of components of MetS and to describe their possible mechanisms of action. In this review, we assess the potential health benefits of South African ethnomedicinal plants in protecting against the development of health outcomes associated with MetS. We aim to provide the state of the current knowledge on the use of medicinal plants and their therapeutically important phytochemicals by discussing the current trends, with critical examples from recent primary references of how medicinal plants are being used in South African rural and urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor T. Nyakudya
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Thulani Tshabalala
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X923, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Rachael Dangarembizi
- Department of Human Biology Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Physiological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Kennedy H. Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa;
| | - Ashwell R. Ndhlala
- Green Technologies Research Centre of Excellence, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +27-15-268-2190
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Angulo-Bejarano PI, Gómez-García MDR, Valverde ME, Paredes-López O. Nopal (Opuntia spp.) and its Effects on Metabolic Syndrome: New Insights for the Use of a Millenary Plant. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3457-3477. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191010171819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background:Nopal (Opuntia spp.) is by excellence the most utilized cactus in human and animal nutrition. It is also a very noble plant; its main physicochemical, nutritional and nutraceutical characteristics allow the use of nopal in diverse food applications. Special focus has been given over the past decades in the use of Opuntia for the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is predominantly related to Diabetes Mellitus. In this sense, the prevalence of MetS is increasing at a worldwide level. This in turn has led to a notorious demand for natural and nutraceutical food sources.Methods:The objective of this work was to summarize the main contributions in the field of Opuntia spp. research highlighting the potential use of nopal fruits or cladodes in MetS treatment, providing the reader with historical and novel information in this field. Nevertheless, the present work is not a meta-analysis. We included mainly information from recognized scientific databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. No homeopathic based studies were included since they lack scientific validation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that fairly categorizes the majority of the information in this field into subsections, which can be of interest for the reader, such as the effect of nopal against cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity among others.Conclusion:Nopal constitutes one of the most studied members of the Cactaceae family; its potential effects on human health have been described since ancient times, mostly through traditional medicine. The present work highlights the importance of this plant in the treatment of MetS related maladies and points out the importance of elucidating new compounds and their validation for the interactions of nutraceutical compounds which could be related to MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Isabel Angulo-Bejarano
- Centre of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Queretaro, Qro, Mexico
| | | | - Maria Elena Valverde
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados-IPN, Campus Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Octavio Paredes-López
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados-IPN, Campus Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Omage SO, Orhue NEJ, Omage K. Evaluation of the phytochemical content, in vitro antioxidant capacity, biochemical and histological effects of Dennettia tripetala fruits in healthy rats. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:65-75. [PMID: 30680160 PMCID: PMC6341132 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimated the content of specific phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant properties of the powder, aqueous, and ethanolic extracts of ripe Dennettia tripetala fruits. We also tested the biochemical and histological effects of these fruit extracts on healthy rats. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were prepared from the powder of ripe D. tripetala fruits, and standard phytochemical methods were used to evaluate its phytochemical content and antioxidant properties. Eighteen rats were randomized into three groups, one of which served as control, while the second and third groups received the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of D. tripetala fruits, respectively, at a dose of 1,000 mg/kg bw daily for 28 days. Our results show that the powder as well as the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of ripe D. tripetala fruits contains phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. The plant powder as well as both extracts scavenged DPPH and hydrogen peroxide as well as reduced ferric ions. The extracts of D. tripetala fruits did not alter liver marker enzymes or serum protein profile of the rats. The extracts also did not alter the serum concentration of urea and creatinine and the antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation levels in the liver but altered that of the kidney. The extracts altered the serum and liver lipid profile but not to any significant extents. Also, the extracts caused minimal congestion to the centrioles of the liver but were not in any other way toxic to the liver, kidney, or heart of the rats. Our results point to the fact that the fruits of D. tripetala possess phytochemicals with medicinal properties and are well tolerated by rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia O. Omage
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of BeninBenin CityNigeria
| | | | - Kingsley Omage
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesIgbinedion University OkadaOkadaEdo stateNigeria
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Wang H, He X, Lei T, Liu Y, Huai G, Sun M, Deng S, Yang H, Tong R, Wang Y. Mangiferin induces islet regeneration in aged mice through regulating p16INK4a. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3231-3242. [PMID: 29512742 PMCID: PMC5881804 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies by our group on mangiferin demonstrated that it exerts an antihyperglycemic effect through the regulation of cell cycle proteins in 3-month-old, partially pancreatectomized (PPx) mice. However, β-cell proliferation is known to become severely restricted with advanced age. Therefore, it is unknown whether mangiferin is able to reverse the diabetic condition and retain β-cell regeneration capability in aged mice. In the present study, 12-month-old C57BL/6J mice that had undergone PPx were subjected to mangiferin treatment (90 mg/kg) for 28 days. Mangiferin-treated aged mice exhibited decreased blood glucose levels and increased glucose tolerance, which was accompanied with higher serum insulin levels when compared with those in untreated PPx control mice. In addition, islet hyperplasia, elevated β-cell proliferation and reduced β-cell apoptosis were also identified in the mice that received mangiferin treatment. Further studies on the mRNA transcript and protein expression levels indicated comparatively increased levels of cyclins D1 and D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 in mangiferin-treated mice, while the levels of p27Kip1 and p16INK4a were decreased relative to those in the untreated PPx controls. Of note, mangiferin treatment improved the proliferation rate of islet β-cells in adult mice overexpressing p16INK4a, suggesting that mangiferin induced β-cell proliferation via the regulation of p16INK4a. In addition, the mRNA transcription levels of critical genes associated with insulin secretion, including pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, glucose transporter 2 and glucokinase, were observed to be upregulated after mangiferin treatment. Taken together, it was indicated that mangiferin treatment significantly induced β-cell proliferation and inhibited β-cell apoptosis by regulating cell cycle checkpoint proteins. Furthermore, mangiferin was also demonstrated to regulate genes associated with insulin secretion. Collectively these, results suggest the therapeutic potential of mangiferin in the treatment of diabetes in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailian Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xia He
- Personalized Drug Therapy Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Lei
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P.R. China
| | - Yilong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, P.R. China
| | - Guoli Huai
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P.R. China
| | - Minghan Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Shaoping Deng
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Hongji Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Personalized Drug Therapy Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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Hwang SH, Kang IJ, Lim SS. Antidiabetic Effect of Fresh Nopal ( Opuntia ficus-indica) in Low-Dose Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:4380721. [PMID: 28303158 PMCID: PMC5338070 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4380721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate α-glucosidase inhibitory and antidiabetic effects of Nopal water extract (NPWE) and Nopal dry power (NADP) in low-dose streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by HFD and low-dose STZ. The rats were divided into four groups as follows: (1) nondiabetic rats fed a regular diet (RD-Control); (2) low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats fed HFD (HF-STZ-Control); (3) low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats fed HFD and supplemented with NPWE (100 mg/kg body weight, HF-STZ-NPWE); and (4) low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats fed HFD and supplemented with comparison medication (rosiglitazone, 10 mg/kg, body weight, HF-STZ-Rosiglitazone). In results, NPWE and NADP had IC50 values of 67.33 and 86.68 μg/mL, both of which exhibit inhibitory activities but lower than that of acarbose (38.05 μg/mL) while NPWE group significantly decreased blood glucose levels compared to control and NPDP group on glucose tolerance in the high-fat diet fed rats model (P < 0.05). Also, the blood glucose levels of HR-STZ-NPWE group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than HR-STZ-Control group on low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats fed HFD. Based on these findings, we suggested that NPWE could be considered for the prevention and/or treatment of blood glucose and a potential use as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Korean Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Kibiti CM, Afolayan AJ. Herbal therapy: A review of emerging pharmacological tools in the management of diabetes mellitus in Africa. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S258-74. [PMID: 26664014 PMCID: PMC4653336 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.166046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a chronic physiological glucose metabolic disorder. It has affected millions of people all over the world thereby having a significant impact on quality of life. The management of diabetes includes both nonpharmacological and conventional interventions. Drawbacks in conventional therapy have led to seeking alternative therapy in herbal medicine. Therefore, the need to review, elucidate and classify their mode of action in therapy for diabetes disease arises. MATERIALS AND METHODS Comprehensive literature reports were used to review all conventional agents and herbal therapy used in the management of diabetes. An online database search was conducted for medicinal plants of African origin that have been investigated for their antidiabetic therapeutic potentials. RESULTS The results showed that of the documented sixty five plants used, fourteen inhibit intestinal absorption of glucose, three exhibit insulin-mimetic properties, seventeen stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, twelve enhance peripheral glucose uptake, one promotes regeneration of beta-cell of islets of Langerhans, thirteen ameliorate oxidative stress and twenty induces hypoglycemic effect (mode of action is still obscure). Thirteen of these plants have a duplicate mode of actions while one of them has three modes of actions. These agents have a similar mechanism of action as the conventional drugs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, antidiabetic activities of these plants are well established; however, the molecular modulation remains unknown. It is envisaged that the use of herbal therapy will promote good health and improve the status of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cromwell Mwiti Kibiti
- Department of Botany, Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Jide Afolayan
- Department of Botany, Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
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Umeh VN, Ilodigwe EE, Ajaghaku DL, Erhirhie EO, Moke GE, Akah PA. Wound-healing Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract and Fractions of Ficus exasperata (Moraceae) and its Safety Evaluation on Albino Rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 4:246-52. [PMID: 25379466 PMCID: PMC4220502 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.139105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficus exasperata have been reported to have wide applications in the treatment of many human diseases. However, its traditional use in the treatment of wounds has not been validated by any scientific study. Also, its safety in the management of chronic disease conditions requires attention. We evaluated the wound-healing activity of the aqueous extract and fractions of F. exasperata, as well as its safety after subchronic oral administration. Similar percentage of wound contraction was observed with 5% w/w extract ointment application and administration of cicatrin powder (standard) on the 4(th) day, while better contraction than the standard was recorded with higher concentrations of the extract ointment. Of all the fractions tested, significant (P < 0.05) contraction was only noticed in chloroform fraction, though lower than that of the aqueous extract. The extract also showed concentration-dependent inhibition of all the tested microbial isolates. Extract administered up to 5000 mg/kg (single dose administration) did not cause any mortality after 24 h. Mortality was, however, recorded at 4000 mg/kg within the first 20 days of subchronic administration of the extract. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), and in particular, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were observed at different doses and time periods. Pathological and histological changes were noticed in the liver and kidney on the 91(st) day of the study with 4000 mg/kg of the extract. Except for the significant (P < 0.05) reduction in WBC on the 91(st) day, no other significant (P < 0.05) changes were observed in other hematological parameters. The aqueous extract demonstrated better wound-healing activity than its fractions; however, the extract may not be safe at higher doses for subchronic oral administration, as may be the case in the management of chronic disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Nonyelum Umeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Emeka Ilodigwe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Lotanna Ajaghaku
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Earnest Oghenesuvwe Erhirhie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Goodies Emuesiri Moke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Peter Achunike Akah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Mangiferin facilitates islet regeneration and β-cell proliferation through upregulation of cell cycle and β-cell regeneration regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9016-35. [PMID: 24853132 PMCID: PMC4057772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15059016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangiferin, a xanthonoid found in plants including mangoes and iris unguicularis, was suggested in previous studies to have anti-hyperglycemic function, though the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study was designed to determine the therapeutic effect of mangiferin by the regeneration of β-cells in mice following 70% partial pancreatectomy (PPx), and to explore the mechanisms of mangiferin-induced β-cell proliferation. For this purpose, adult C57BL/6J mice after 7–14 days post-PPx, or a sham operation were subjected to mangiferin (30 and 90 mg/kg body weight) or control solvent injection. Mangiferin-treated mice exhibited an improved glycemia and glucose tolerance, increased serum insulin levels, enhanced β-cell hyperplasia, elevated β-cell proliferation and reduced β-cell apoptosis. Further dissection at the molecular level showed several key regulators of cell cycle, such as cyclin D1, D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) were significantly up-regulated in mangiferin-treated mice. In addition, critical genes related to β-cell regeneration, such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1), neurogenin 3 (Ngn3), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), Forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo-1), and glucokinase (GCK), were found to be promoted by mangiferin at both the mRNA and protein expression level. Thus, mangiferin administration markedly facilitates β-cell proliferation and islet regeneration, likely by regulating essential genes in the cell cycle and the process of islet regeneration. These effects therefore suggest that mangiferin bears a therapeutic potential in preventing and/or treating the diabetes.
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Therasa SV, Thirumalai T, Tamilselvan N, David E. In-vivo and ex-vivo inhibition of intestinal glucose uptake: A scope for antihyperglycemia. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(14)60008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Evaluation of the Hypoglycemic Properties of Anacardium humile Aqueous Extract. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:191080. [PMID: 23737820 PMCID: PMC3659643 DOI: 10.1155/2013/191080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The antihyperglycemic effects of several plant extracts and herbal formulations which are used as antidiabetic formulations have been described and confirmed to date. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of the aqueous extract of Anacardium humile. Although the treatment of diabetic animals with A. humile did not alter body weight significantly, a reduction of the other evaluated parameters was observed. Animals treated with A. humile did not show variation of insulin levels, possibly triggered by a mechanism of blood glucose reduction. Levels of ALT (alanine aminotransferase) decreased in treated animals, suggesting a protective effect on liver. Levels of cholesterol were also reduced, indicating the efficacy of the extract in reestablishing the balance of nutrients. Moreover, a kidney protection may have been achieved due to the partial reestablishment of blood glucose homeostasis, while no nephrotoxicity could be detected for A. humile. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of A. humile extracts in the treatment of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Therefore, A. humile aqueous extract, popularly known and used by diabetic patients, induced an improvement in the biochemical parameters evaluated during and following treatment of diabetic rats. Thus, a better characterization of the medicinal potential of this plant will be able to provide a better understanding of its mechanisms of action in these pathological processes.
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Musabayane CT. The effects of medicinal plants on renal function and blood pressure in diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc J Afr 2013; 23:462-8. [PMID: 23044503 PMCID: PMC3721953 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2012-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic global diseases affecting children and adolescents in both the developed and developing nations. The major types of diabetes mellitus are type 1 and type 2, the former arising from inadequate production of insulin due to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and the latter from reduced sensitivity to insulin in the target tissues and/or inadequate insulin secretion. Sustained hyperglycaemia is a common result of uncontrolled diabetes and, over time, can damage the heart, eyes, kidneys and nerves, mainly through deteriorating blood vessels supplying the organs. Microvascular (retinopathy and nephropathy) and macrovascular (atherosclerotic) disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Therefore, emphasis on diabetes care and management is on optimal blood glucose control to avert these adverse outcomes. Studies have demonstrated that diabetic nephropathy is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. In general, about one in three patients with diabetes develops end-stage renal disease (ESRD) which proceeds to diabetic nephropathy (DN), the principal cause of significant morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Hypertension, a well-established major risk factor for cardiovascular disease contributes to ESRD in diabetes. Clinical evidence suggests that there is no effective treatment for diabetic nephropathy and prevention of the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, biomedical evidence indicates that some plant extracts have beneficial effects on certain processes associated with reduced renal function in diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, other plant extracts may be hazardous in diabetes, as reports indicate impairment of renal function. This article outlines therapeutic and pharmacological evidence supporting the potential of some medicinal plants to control or compensate for diabetes-associated complications, with particular emphasis on kidney function and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Musabayane
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Nasry M, Abo-Youssef A, Abd El-Latif H. Anti-diabetic activity of the petroleum ether extract of Guar gum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: A comparative study. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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14
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Asif M. A brief study of toxic effects of some medicinal herbs on kidney. Adv Biomed Res 2012; 1:44. [PMID: 23326775 PMCID: PMC3544088 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased use of complementary and alternative herbal medicines in the treatment of various diseases.Some herbal therapies may be causes of potential toxicity that may be renal toxicity caused by the ingestion of herbs. The goal of this study is the toxic and beneficial effects of medicinal herbs on renal health by which evidence for benefit or toxicity has been found. Included are nephrotoxicity from aristolochic acid and other components within herbs, herb-drug interactions, heavy metal toxicity in herbs and adulterants during careless preparation of herbal medicine, resulting in adverse renal effects and renal toxicity from contaminants within the extracts. The review aims to provide knowledge and guide to encourage future toxicity studies on the kidney by medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacy, GRD (PG) Institute of Management and Technology, Uttarakhand, India
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15
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LEOPOLDO GONZÁLEZCRUZ, SANTIAGO FILARDOKERSTUPP, ARTURO BELLOPÉREZLUIS, NORMA GÜEMESVERA, AUREA BERNARDINONICANOR. CAROTENOID CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF LOW-CALORIE NOPAL (OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA) MARMALADE. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2011.00589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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George C, Lochner A, Huisamen B. The efficacy of Prosopis glandulosa as antidiabetic treatment in rat models of diabetes and insulin resistance. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:298-304. [PMID: 21645608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes mellitus is rampantly increasing and the need for therapeutics is crucial. In recognition of this, untested antidiabetic agents are flooding the market. Diavite™ which is a product consisting solely of the dried and ground pods of Prosopis glandulosa (Torr.) [Fabaceae] is currently marketed as a food supplement with glucose stabilizing properties. However, these are anecdotal claims lacking scientific evidence. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Prosopis glandulosa as an antidiabetic agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were rendered (a) type 1 diabetic after an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg) and (b) insulin resistant after a 16-week high caloric diet (DIO). Zucker fa/fa ZDF rats were used in a pilot study. Half of each group of animals was placed on Prosopis glandulosa treatment (100mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks and the remaining animals served as age-matched controls. At the time of sacrifice, blood was collected for glucose and insulin level determination, the pancreata of the STZ rats were harvested for histological analysis and cardiomyocytes prepared from the DIO and Zucker fa/fa hearts for determination of insulin sensitivity. RESULTS Type 1 diabetic model: Prosopis glandulosa treatment resulted in significant increased insulin levels (p<0.001), which was accompanied by a significant decrease in blood glucose levels (p<0.05). Additionally, Prosopis glandulosa treatment resulted in increased small β-cells (p<0.001) in the pancreata. The body weight of the STZ animals decreased significantly after STZ injection, with Prosopis glandulosa treatment partially preventing this. Zucker fa/fa rats: Prosopis glandulosa treatment significantly reduced fasting glucose levels (p<0.01) and improved IPGTT, when comparing treated to untreated animals. DIO insulin resistant model: Prosopis glandulosa treatment resulted in an increased basal (p<0.01) and insulin-stimulated (p<0.05) glucose uptake by cardiomyocytes prepared from this group. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that Prosopis glandulosa treatment moderately lowers glucose levels in different animal models of diabetes, stimulates insulin secretion, leads to the formation of small β-cells and improves insulin sensitivity of isolated cardiomyocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin Resistance
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Male
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Plant Preparations/pharmacology
- Prosopis
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Rats, Zucker
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- C George
- MRC Cape Heart Centre, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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17
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Hahm SW, Park J, Son YS. Opuntia humifusa stems lower blood glucose and cholesterol levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Nutr Res 2011; 31:479-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Butterweck V, Semlin L, Feistel B, Pischel I, Bauer K, Verspohl EJ. Comparative evaluation of two different Opuntia ficus-indica extracts for blood sugar lowering effects in rats. Phytother Res 2011; 25:370-5. [PMID: 20687136 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stems of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (OFI) are traditionally used in Mexico to treat diabetes mellitus. Less research data are available for combinations of stem and fruit preparations. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of an aqueous extract prepared from the cladodes and a proprietary stem/fruit skin-blend (stem/fruit skin ratio 75/25) of OFI on blood glucose and plasma insulin in normal rats. A dose finding study with the traditional cladode OFI extract revealed that maximum effects on blood glucose and insulin were observed after oral administration in a dose range of 6-176 mg/kg. The proprietary OFI blend significantly lowered blood glucose levels in the glucose tolerance test to a similar extent (p < 0.05 vs control) as the traditional aqueous cladode extract when administered in a dose of 6 mg/kg. In contrast to the aqueous extract, the proprietary blend significantly increased basal plasma insulin levels (p < 0.01 vs control) indicating a direct action on pancreatic beta cells. The results suggest that both OFI extracts exert hypoglycemic activities in rats in doses as low as 6 mg/kg but that the effects of the proprietary stem/fruit blend were more pronounced in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Butterweck
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
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Luo C, Zhang W, Sheng C, Zheng C, Yao J, Miao Z. Chemical composition and antidiabetic activity of Opuntia Milpa Alta extracts. Chem Biodivers 2011; 7:2869-79. [PMID: 21161999 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Three new compounds, 1-3, and 20 known compounds were isolated from the AcOEt and BuOH extract of edible Opuntia Milpa Alta. The petroleum ether extract was examined by GC and MS. A total of 26 compounds were identified, representing 95.6% of the total extract, phytosterol (36.03%) being the most abundant component, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (18.57%) represented the second largest group, followed by phytol (12.28%), palmitic acid, palmitate (13.54%), vitamin E (4.51%), and other compounds (7.47%). The effects of various extracts from edible Opuntia Milpa Alta (petroleum ether extract, AcOEt extract, BuOH extract, aqueous extract, H₂O parts) and the positive control (received dimethylbiguanide) were tested on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The results indicated that all the treatment groups could significantly decrease blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice compared to the model control group (P<0.01), except the aqueous extract group (P<0.05). Especially, the petroleum ether extract group and the positive control group showed remarkable decrease of blood glucose levels. Taken together, the results indicate that the petroleum ether extract is the major hypoglycemic part in edible Opuntia Milpa Alta, which may be developed to a potential natural hypoglycemic functional ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P R China
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20
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Musabayane CT, Tufts MA, Mapanga RF. Synergistic antihyperglycemic effects between plant-derived oleanolic acid and insulin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Ren Fail 2010; 32:832-9. [PMID: 20662697 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2010.494802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies from our laboratories indicate that Syzygium cordatum leaf extract contains triterpene mixtures [oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA)] with hypoglycemic properties. The aims of this study were to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of Syzygium aromaticum-derived OA and whether OA influenced the blood glucose lowering effects of insulin in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. We envisaged that OA may provide a strategy with different mechanism of action for effective diabetic therapy because no single-marketed antidiabetic drug is capable of achieving long-lasting blood glucose control. The effects of various doses of OA and/or standard antidiabetic drugs on blood glucose were monitored in nondiabetic and STZ-induced diabetic rats given a glucose load after an 18-h fast. Rats treated with deionized water and standard antidiabetic drugs acted as untreated and treated positive controls, respectively. Blood glucose concentrations were measured at 15-min intervals for the first hour and hourly thereafter for 3 h. Blood glucose concentrations were also monitored in animals treated with OA and/or standard antidiabetic drugs for 5 weeks. OA like insulin decreased blood glucose concentrations in nondiabetic and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Combined OA and insulin treatment had even greater antihyperglycemic response, suggestive of a synergistic effect of the two. After 5 weeks, STZ-induced diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia and depleted hepatic and muscle glycogen concentrations. OA treatment lowered the blood glucose with concomitant restoration of glycogen concentrations to near normalcy. Our results suggest that OA may have a role in improving insulin sensitivity. These findings merit further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Musabayane
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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21
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Mapanga RF, Musabayane CT. The Renal Effects of Blood Glucose-Lowering Plant-Derived Extracts in Diabetes Mellitus—an Overview. Ren Fail 2010; 32:132-8. [DOI: 10.3109/08860220903367585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. F. Mapanga
- Discipline of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - C. T. Musabayane
- Discipline of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
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22
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Musabayane CT, Xozwa K, Ojewole JAO. Effects ofHypoxis hemerocallidea(Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) [Hypoxidaceae] Corm (African Potato) Aqueous Extract on Renal Electrolyte and Fluid Handling in the Rat. Ren Fail 2009; 27:763-70. [PMID: 16350831 DOI: 10.1080/08860220500244807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current biomedical evidence suggests that Hypoxis hemerocallidea (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) [Hypoxidaceae] (African Potato [AP]) corm extract may be useful in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, more recent reports have also indicated that certain herbal extracts attenuate the deterioration of kidney function in diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of short- (acute) and long-term (chronic) administration of H. hemerocallidea corm aqueous extract (APE) on renal fluid and electrolyte handling in male Wistar rats. Acute effects of APE were investigated in separate groups of anesthetized rats challenged with a continuous jugular infusion of 0.077 M NaCl at 9 mL x h(- 1). After a 3.5-h equilibration period, consecutive 30-min urine collections were made over the subsequent 4 h of 1-h control, 1.5-h treatment, and 1.5-h recovery periods for measurements of urine flow, Na+, and K+ excretion rates. To establish the effects of acute APE, the extract was added to the infusate at doses of 90, 180, or 360 microg x h (-1) in separate groups of rats during the treatment period. For chronic studies, individually caged rats were administered twice with APE (30 mg x kg (-1) PO) every third consecutive day at 09h00 and 17h00 for 5 weeks. Control rats received distilled water (3 mL x kg(-1)). Urine volume and total urinary outputs of creatinine, Na+, and K+ were determined from 24-h samples. Acute infusion of APE produced a dose-dependent, significant (p < 0.01) decrease in urine flow, K+, and Na+ excretion rates. Chronic APE treatment significantly reduced urinary Na+ output between weeks 2 and 5, without affecting either urine flow or K+ excretion rates. When compared with control animals, APE significantly reduced GFR (2.54+/-0.09 mL x min (-1) vs. 1.52+/-0.02 mL x min (-1)) and increased plasma creatinine concentration (55 +/- 3 micromol x L(-1) vs. 68 +/-6 micromol x L(-1)). The results from this study suggest that the H. hemerocallidea corm aqueous extract may impair kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Musabayane
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Musabayane CT, Gondwe M, Kamadyaapa DR, Chuturgoon AA, Ojewole JAO. Effects ofFicus thonningii(Blume) [Morarceae] Stem-Bark Ethanolic Extract on Blood Glucose, Cardiovascular and Kidney Functions of Rats, and on Kidney Cell Lines of the Proximal (LLC-PK1) and Distal Tubules (MDBK). Ren Fail 2009; 29:389-97. [PMID: 17497459 DOI: 10.1080/08860220701260735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous observations indicate that Ficus thonningii (Blume) [Moraceae] stem-bark extracts may be useful in the control of diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, we investigated in some experimental animal paradigms the effects of F. thonningii stem-bark ethanolic extract (FTE) on renal and cardiovascular functions as complications of diabetes. Oral glucose tolerance tests were conducted in separate groups of non-diabetic and STZ-treated diabetic rats given glucose load (0.86 g x kg(-1), p.o.) after 18-h fast, followed by various FTE doses (60, 120, and 240 mg x kg(-1)). Rats treated with deionized water (3 mL x kg(-1) p.o.), or metformin (500 mg x kg(-1) p.o.) acted as untreated and treated positive controls, respectively. Blood glucose was monitored at 15-min intervals for the first hour, and hourly thereafter for 3 h. Acute effects of FTE on kidney function and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were investigated in anaesthetized rats challenged with hypotonic saline after a 3.5-h equilibration for 4 h of 1 h control, 1.5 h treatment, and 1.5 h recovery periods. FTE was added to the infusate during the treatment period. Chronic effects of FTE were studied in individually caged rats treated daily with FTE (120 mg x kg(-1), p.o.) for five weeks. Cytotoxicity of FTE was assessed by dye-reduction colorimetric (MTT) assay on MDBK and LLCPK1 kidney cell lines exposed for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h to graded concentrations of the extract. Myocardial contractile performance was evaluated on rat isolated atrial muscle strips. FTE, like metformin, decreased blood glucose levels in non-diabetic and STZ-diabetic rats. Both acute and chronic FTE treatments did not affect renal function. In vitro studies demonstrated that FTE increased MDBK cell metabolic activity by an average of 15% (72 h), and LLCPK1 mirrored the controls. Acute intravenous infusion of FTE reduced the MAP from 119 +/- 1 mmHg to 98 +/- 4 mmHg. The MAP also was reduced throughout the five-week experimental study period. FTE also produced concentration-dependent, negative inotropic and chronotropic effects on rat isolated, electrically driven left-, and spontaneously beating right-, atrial muscle preparations. Our experimental findings suggest that FTE possesses reno- and cardio-protective effects in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Musabayane
- Discipline of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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25
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Palanisamy N, Viswanathan P, Anuradha CV. Effect of genistein, a soy isoflavone, on whole body insulin sensitivity and renal damage induced by a high-fructose diet. Ren Fail 2008; 30:645-54. [PMID: 18661416 DOI: 10.1080/08860220802134532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study evaluates the effect of genistein, a soy isoflavone, on insulin sensitivity and renal functional and structural injury in rats rendered insulin-resistant by feeding on a high-fructose diet for 60 days. Fructose-fed animals (60 g /100 g) displayed insulin resistance as indicated by the measures of insulin sensitivity [insulin sensitivity index (ISI(0,120)), quantitative insulin check index (QUICKI), and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)]. Alterations in body weight, kidney weight, urine volume, plasma, and urine electrolytes accompanied by significant increases in plasma and urinary levels of urea, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, and albumin were observed in fructose-fed rats. Oxidative stress in kidney was noted by an elevation in lipid peroxides and a decline in glutathione (GSH). Insulin sensitivity and renal function were improved in fructose-fed rats administered genistein. Histological changes such as fatty infiltration and thickening of glomeruli observed in fructose-fed rats were also ameliorated when genistein was co-administered. The study shows that genistein improves insulin sensitivity and kidney function in a dietary model of insulin resistance. We suggest that genistein may have benefits for patients suffering from kidney disease associated with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nallasamy Palanisamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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26
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Yang N, Zhao M, Zhu B, Yang B, Chen C, Cui C, Jiang Y. Anti-diabetic effects of polysaccharides from Opuntia monacantha cladode in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Gondwe M, Kamadyaapa DR, Tufts M, Chuturgoon AA, Musabayane CT. Sclerocarya birrea [(A. Rich.) Hochst.] [Anacardiaceae] stem-bark ethanolic extract (SBE) modulates blood glucose, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of STZ-induced diabetic rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:699-709. [PMID: 18406590 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Studies in our laboratories suggest that Sclerocarya birrea stem-bark ethanolic extract (SBE) has hypoglycemic properties. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of SBE on major complications of diabetes mellitus; blood glucose, renal function and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in non-diabetic and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Oral glucose tolerance test responses to various SBE doses (60, 120 and 240 mg kg(-1)) were studied in fasted rats following glucose load (0.86 g kg(-1), p.o.). Rats treated with deionized water (3 ml kg(-1) p.o.), or standard hypoglycemic drugs (insulin, 100 microg kg(-1), s.c.; metformin, 500 mg kg(-1), p.o. or glibenclamide, 500 microg kg(-1), p.o) acted as untreated and treated positive controls, respectively. Blood was collected in non-diabetic rats after 45 min of SBE, metformin or glibenclamide for plasma insulin determination. Acute SBE effects on renal function and MAP were studied in anesthetized rats challenged with hypotonic saline after 3.5h equilibration for 4h of 1h control, 1.5h treatment and 1.5h recovery periods. SBE was added to the infusate during the treatment period. Chronic effects were monitored for 5 weeks in animals daily treated with SBE (120 mg kg(-1) p.o.) while hepatic glycogen concentration was measured at the end of the experimental period. SBE exhibited dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose concentration. SBE and metformin did not affect plasma insulin secretion in non-diabetic rats, while glibenclamide increased plasma insulin concentration. The hypoglycemic effect of SBE treatment was associated with increased hepatic glycogen synthesis. Acute SBE administration did not significantly alter kidney function, but chronic SBE treatment for decreased plasma urea and creatinine concentrations of STZ-diabetic rats with concomitant increase in GFR by comparison with control rats at the corresponding period (0.7+/-0.2 vs. 1.4+/-0.3 ml min(-1)). SBE treatment reduced blood pressure in all groups of animals. The observations suggest that SBE has reno- and cardio-protective effects in diabetes mellitus. The current results indicate the basis for SBE use as complementary remedy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gondwe
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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28
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Zhao M, Yang N, Yang B, Jiang Y, Zhang G. Structural characterization of water-soluble polysaccharides from Opuntia monacantha cladodes in relation to their anti-glycated activities. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Cho JY, Park SC, Kim TW, Kim KS, Song JC, Kim SK, Lee HM, Sung HJ, Park HJ, Song YB, Yoo ES, Lee CH, Rhee MH. Radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from Opuntia humifusa Raf. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58:113-9. [PMID: 16393471 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.1.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Opuntia humifusa Raf. (O. humifusa Raf.) is a member of the Cactaceae family. To determine the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of this herb, various solvent fractions (methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water) prepared from the leaves of cacti were tested using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl radical) and xanthine oxidase assays, and nitric oxide (NO)-producing macrophage cells. We found that O. humifusa Raf. displayed potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, all solvent fractions, except for the water layer, showed potent scavenging effects. The scavenging effect of the ethyl acetate fraction was higher than that of the other fractions, with IC50 values of 3.6 and 48.2 microg mL(-1). According to activity-guided fractionation, one of the active radical scavenging principles in the ethyl acetate fraction was found to be quercetin. In contrast, only two fractions (chloroform and ethyl acetate) significantly suppressed nitric oxide production from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions significantly blocked the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) from the RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. Moreover, ethyl acetate fractions significantly blocked the expression of IL-1beta from the RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. Therefore, the results suggested that O. humifusa Raf. may modulate radical-induced toxicity via both direct scavenging activity and the inhibition of reactive species generation, and the modulation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, O. humifusa Raf. may be useful as a functional food or drug against reactive species-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Youl Cho
- School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Wojcikowski K, Johnson DW, Gobé G. Medicinal herbal extracts -- renal friend or foe? Part one: the toxicities of medicinal herbs. Nephrology (Carlton) 2005; 9:313-8. [PMID: 15504145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2004.00310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing percentage of people from industrialized countries have been using complementary and alternative medicines (CAM). This, combined with numerous warnings regarding the potential toxicity of these therapies, suggests the need for practitioners to keep abreast of the reported incidence of renal toxicity caused by the ingestion of medicinal herbs. The goal of the present two-part series, on the toxic or beneficial effects of medicinal herbs on renal health, is to provide practitioners with a summary of the most recent information as well as the means by which evidence for benefit or toxicity has been found. In this first article, we explore in vivo evidence of toxicity. Included are nephrotoxicity from aristolochic acid and other components within herbs, herb--drug interactions resulting in adverse renal effects, and renal toxicity from contaminants within the extracts. The review aims to provide a guide to encourage future toxicity studies and rigorous clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Wojcikowski
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
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Muruganandan S, Srinivasan K, Gupta S, Gupta PK, Lal J. Effect of mangiferin on hyperglycemia and atherogenicity in streptozotocin diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 97:497-501. [PMID: 15740886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2004] [Revised: 11/03/2004] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of mangiferin (a xanthone glucoside, isolated from the leaves of Mangifera indica) on the atherogenic potential of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes was investigated. In addition, the effect of mangiferin on oral glucose tolerance in glucose-loaded normal rats was also determined. The chronic intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of mangiferin (10 and 20 mg/kg) once daily (o.d.) for 28 days exhibited antidiabetic activity by significantly lowering fasting plasma glucose level at different time intervals in STZ-diabetic rats. Further, mangiferin (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) showed significant antihyperlipidemic and antiatherogenic activities as evidenced by significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels coupled together with elevation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level and diminution of atherogenic index in diabetic rats. In addition, the chronic administration of mangiferin (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days significantly as well as markedly improved oral glucose tolerance in glucose-loaded normal rats suggesting its potent antihyperglycemic activity. The accumulating evidences suggest that both pancreatic and extrapancreatic mechanisms might be involved in its antidiabetic or antihyperglycemic action. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that mangiferin possesses significant antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antiatherogenic properties thus suggesting its beneficial effect in the treatment of diabetes mellitus associated with hyperlipidemia and related cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muruganandan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, UP, India.
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Stintzing FC, Carle R. Cactus stems (Opuntia spp.): A review on their chemistry, technology, and uses. Mol Nutr Food Res 2005; 49:175-94. [PMID: 15729672 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200400071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although traditionally used as a valuable health supporting nutrient, the vegetative parts of Opuntia spp. plants are scarcely used in modern nutrition and medicine. While all kinds of different Opuntia spp. have been studied, a systematic approach regarding the inter-relationships between the composition and the pre- and postharvest conditions is still missing. Therefore, the present review compiles and discusses literature on the chemical composition of cactus stems, the knowledge on uses in food, medicine, and cosmetics. It is concluded that much research is needed to get an insight into the multitude of bioactivities reported in the traditional literature but also to take advantage of the respective constituents for food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian C Stintzing
- Hohenheim University, Institute of Food Technology, Plant Foodstuff Technology, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Yanardağ R, Bolkent S, Ozsoy-Saçan O, Karabulut-Bulan O. The effects of chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) extract on the kidney tissue, serum urea and creatinine levels of diabetic rats. Phytother Res 2002; 16:758-61. [PMID: 12458482 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) extract on serum urea and creatinine concentrations and on kidney tissue in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The extract was administered to rats at a dose of 2 g/kg every day for 28 days, 14 days after animals were made diabetic. On day 42, kidney tissue and blood samples were examined. Significant degenerative changes in kidney tissue of diabetic rats were observed, but in the group given chard extract, the morphology of kidney tissue was found to be nearly the same as the controls. Serum urea and creatinine levels significantly increased in the diabetic groups, but the chard extracts significantly reduced serum urea and creatinine levels. It is concluded that the extract of this plant may reduce serum urea and creatinine levels and confer a protective effect on the kidney of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yanardağ
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, 34850-Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Acosta-Patiño JL, Jiménez-Balderas E, Juárez-Oropeza MA, Díaz-Zagoya JC. Hypoglycemic action of Cucurbita ficifolia on Type 2 diabetic patients with moderately high blood glucose levels. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2001; 77:99-101. [PMID: 11483384 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ten Type 2 diabetic patients with moderately hyperglycemia, received a raw extract of Cucurbita ficifolia or potable water in a single dose of 4 ml/Kg body weight, in two different sessions at least separated by 1 week. Blood glucose levels were followed in both parts of the study by a period of 5 h. The patients had stopped their pharmacologic medication 24 h prior to each part of the study. As expected, no significant changes on blood glucose were observed after giving the vehicle; however, the oral administration of C. ficifolia was followed by a significant decrease in blood glucose levels, from 12.07+/-1.69 mM (217.2+/-30.4 mg/dl) to 9.42+/-1.96 mM (169.6+/-35.3 mg/dl) 3 h after and to 8.37+/-1.74 mM (150.8+/-31.3 mg/dl) 5 h after the extract administration. The hypoglycemic action of Cucurbita ficifolia agrees with its effects previously observed in laboratory animals. The results of this preliminary study do not give indications for the mechanism of this hypoglycemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Acosta-Patiño
- Departamento de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital General de Zona No. 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad Universitaria, D.F. 04510, Mexico
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