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Zhou X, Cheng J, He F, Ao Z, Zhang P, Wang J, Li Q, Tang W, Zhou Y, Liang Y, Hou Y, Liu W, Han D. A robust MRI contrast agent for specific display of the interstitial stream. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3905-3913. [PMID: 37496627 PMCID: PMC10367968 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00118k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies have reported phenomena of long-range fluid flow in interstitial space. However, its behaviours and functions are yet to be addressed. The imaging of the interstitial stream in vivo can clarify its transportation route and allow further understanding of physiological mechanisms and clinical relevance. Here to illustrate the route of the interstitial stream leading to the kidney, we design and synthesize a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent PAA-g-(DTPA-gadolinium). This MRI agent has a high longitudinal relaxivity for higher MRI contrast and large size to avoid leakage across the interstitial space. Using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI, histochemical staining, and trace element analysis of gadolinium, we track the nano-scale PAA-g-(DTPA-gadolinium) transported in the interstitial stream. The agent can be applied for a wide range of imaging and analysis of tissues and organs, thereby enabling advances in the fields of physiology, pathology, and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100139 China
| | - Junwei Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Fangfei He
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zhuo Ao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100139 China
| | - Peisen Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA Beijing 100081 China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Weinan Tang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- Beijing Wandong Medical Technology Co. Beijing 100015 China
| | - Yiyan Zhou
- College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis Sacramento CA 95817 USA
| | - Yan Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100139 China
| | - Yi Hou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Wentao Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100139 China
| | - Dong Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100139 China
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2
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Bunzen H, Jirák D. Recent Advances in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Applications in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50445-50462. [PMID: 36239348 PMCID: PMC10749454 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostics is an important part of medical practice. The information required for diagnosis is typically collected by performing diagnostic tests, some of which include imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most widely used and effective imaging techniques. To improve the sensitivity and specificity of MRI, contrast agents are used. In this review, the usage of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and composite materials based on them as contrast agents for MRI is discussed. MOFs are crystalline porous coordination polymers. Due to their huge design variety and high density of metal ions, they have been studied as a highly promising class of materials for developing MRI contrast agents. This review highlights the most important studies and focuses on the progress of the field over the last five years. The materials are classified based on their design and structural properties into three groups: MRI-active MOFs, composite materials based on MOFs, and MRI-active compounds loaded in MOFs. Moreover, an overview of MOF-based materials for heteronuclear MRI including 129Xe and 19F MRI is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Bunzen
- Chair
of Solid State and Materials Chemistry, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Jirák
- Department
of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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3
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Rosa IA, Gonçalves MA, Krambrock KWH, Dos Santos MH, Braga LS, da Cunha EFF, Ramalho TC. Exploring electronic, structural and dynamics parameters of phenylbenzothiazole complexes with Mn 2+, Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ for designing new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes: congruence between computation and spectroscopic data. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:3234-3244. [PMID: 35249451 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2046639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of human death worldwide, being one of the most serious problems faced by mankind. For the diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), through effective contrast agents (Cas), has greatly helped in the diagnosis at the initial stages. However, it is necessary to include new compounds more effective and selective for cancer diagnosis. The complexes with Mn2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ have received great attention due to their applications as CAs for MRI. Those materials can shorten the T2 and T2* transverse relaxation times. Thus, the representative structures for hyperfine coupling constants (HFCCs) were selected from docking results by frequency of occupancy calculations. From the Multivariate Analysis to obtain the PCA graphs in the choice of a representative conformations. it is possible to notice that the variable energy does not present a high correlation with the other variables, and structural factors, such as the spatial positions of the metal atoms, seem to be important in the reactivity of the complexes. Structural factors, such as the spatial positions of the metal atoms, seem to be important in the reactivity of the complexes. Theoretical findings suggest that the compounds are capable of increasing the Aiso values of the water molecules, but the complex [Zn(H2O)(NNO)] shows a greater influence, being more sensitive to the Electron paramagnetic resonance parameters than the complexes [CuCl(H2O)NNO] and [MnCl2(H2O)(NNO)] with the explicit solvent and the enzyme. MRI contrast agents have generated various problems due to their high toxicity. In this perspective, this compound may be a promising alternative for transporting the CAs into diseased tissue.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Letícia S Braga
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
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4
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Di Girolamo M, Grossi A. Contrast agents for MRI and side effects. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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5
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Muehler MR, Rendell VR, Bergmann LL, Winslow ER, Reeder SB. Ferumoxytol-enhanced MR imaging for differentiating intrapancreatic splenules from other tumors. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:2003-2013. [PMID: 33377995 PMCID: PMC8131292 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Ferumoxytol is an ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) agent that is taken up by splenic tissue. This study describes our initial institutional experience of ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI (feMRI) for differentiating intrapancreatic splenules (IPS) from other pancreatic lesions. Methods In this retrospective study, patients with computed tomographic imaging that identified small enhancing lesions in the tail of the pancreas subsequently underwent feMRI for further characterization. The feMRI protocol included T2-weighted (T2w) imaging with and without fat suppression (FS), R2* mapping, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and T1-weighted (T1w) imaging with FS, prior to contrast injection. Immediately after slow intravenous infusion with 3 mg/kg body weight ferumoxytol, T1w was repeated. Delayed imaging with all sequences were obtained 24–72 h after ferumoxytol administration. Results Seven patients underwent feMRI. In two patients, the pancreatic lesions were presumed as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) from feMRI and in the remaining 5 IPS. One of the two patients with PNET was symptomatic for NET. In another symptomatic patient with pathologically proven duodenal NET and suspected PNET, the pancreatic lesion was proven to be an IPS on feMRI. IPS demonstrated strong negative enhancement in feMRI on T2w and increased R2* values consistent with splenic tissue, while the presumed PNETs did not enhance. T2w FS was helpful on the pre-contrast images to identify IPS, while R2* did on post-contrast images. Neither DWI nor T1w contributed to differentiating PNETs from IPS. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential utility of feMRI as a helpful adjunct diagnostic tool for differentiating IPS from other pancreatic lesions. Further studies in larger patient cohorts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Muehler
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - V R Rendell
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L L Bergmann
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - E R Winslow
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - S B Reeder
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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6
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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7
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Malla RR, Kumari S, Kgk D, Momin S, Nagaraju GP. Nanotheranostics: Their role in hepatocellular carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 151:102968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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8
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Wu Q, Ono K, Suzuki H, Eguchi M, Yamaguchi S, Sawada M. Visualization of Arc promoter-driven neuronal activity by magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosci Lett 2018; 666:92-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Rodrigues ARO, Mendes PM, Silva PM, Machado V, Almeida BG, Araújo J, Queiroz MJR, Castanheira EM, Coutinho PJ. Solid and aqueous magnetoliposomes as nanocarriers for a new potential drug active against breast cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:460-468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Differentiating primary hepatic angiosarcomas from hemangiomatosis and epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas using gadoxetic acid-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Jpn J Radiol 2017; 35:655-663. [DOI: 10.1007/s11604-017-0676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Gallo J, Harriss BI, Hernández-Gil J, Bañobre-López M, Long NJ. Probing T 1-T 2 interactions and their imaging implications through a thermally responsive nanoprobe. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11318-11326. [PMID: 28762407 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01733b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The complex and specialised diagnostic process through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be simplified with the implementation of dual T1-T2 contrast agents. T1- and T2-weighted MR are compatible modalities, and co-acquisition of contrast enhanced images in both T1 and T2 will drastically reduce artefacts and provide double-checked results. To date, efforts in the development of dual MRI probes have provided inconsistent results. Here we present the preparation and relaxometric study of a dual T1-T2 MRI probe based on superparamagnetic nanoparticles, paramagnetic Gd3+ chelates and pNIPAM (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)), in which the distance between paramagnetic and superparamagnetic species can be modulated externally via temperature variations. Such a probe alleviates traditional nanotechnology limitations (e.g. batch to batch variability) as comparisons can be established within a single probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gallo
- Advanced (magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
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12
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Poly(acrylic acid) microspheres loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for transcatheter arterial embolization and MRI detectability: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2017; 527:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Li X, Kim J, Yoon J, Chen X. Cancer-Associated, Stimuli-Driven, Turn on Theranostics for Multimodality Imaging and Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:10.1002/adma.201606857. [PMID: 28370546 PMCID: PMC5544499 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have facilitated the development of novel anticancer agents that have decreased side effects and increased safety. Theranostics, systems that have combined therapeutic effects and diagnostic capabilities, have garnered increasing attention recently because of their potential use in personalized medicine, including cancer-targeting treatments for patients. One interesting approach to achieving this potential involves the development of cancer-associated, stimuli-driven, turn on theranostics. Multicomponent constructs of this type would have the capability of selectively delivering therapeutic reagents into cancer cells or tumor tissues while simultaneously generating unique signals that can be readily monitored under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Specifically, their combined anticancer activities and selective visual signal respond to cancer-associated stimuli, would make these theranostic agents more highly efficient and specific for cancer treatment and diagnosis. This article focuses on the progress of stimuli-responsive turn on theranostics that activate diagnostic signals and release therapeutic reagents in response to the cancer-associated stimuli. The present article not only provides the fundamental backgrounds of diagnostic and therapeutic tools that have been widely utilized for developing theranostic agents, but also discusses the current approaches for developing stimuli-responsive turn on theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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14
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Rodrigues ARO, Almeida BG, Rodrigues JM, Queiroz MJRP, Calhelha RC, Ferreira ICFR, Pires A, Pereira AM, Araújo JP, Coutinho PJG, Castanheira EMS. Magnetoliposomes as carriers for promising antitumor thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-7-arylamines: photophysical and biological studies. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00447h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetoliposomes containing MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were used as nanocarriers for new potent antitumor thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-7-arylamines, inhibiting the growth of human tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B. G. Almeida
- Centro de Física (CFUM)
- Universidade do Minho
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
| | | | | | - R. C. Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação Montanha (CIMO)
- ESA
- Polytechnic Institute of Bragança
- 5301-855 Bragança
- Portugal
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação Montanha (CIMO)
- ESA
- Polytechnic Institute of Bragança
- 5301-855 Bragança
- Portugal
| | - A. Pires
- IFIMUP/IN – Instituto de Nanociência e Nanotecnologia
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
| | - A. M. Pereira
- IFIMUP/IN – Instituto de Nanociência e Nanotecnologia
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
| | - J. P. Araújo
- IFIMUP/IN – Instituto de Nanociência e Nanotecnologia
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
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Kim J, Kim T, Hong KS, Moon H, Oh IK, Lee SM, Hohenwalter MD, Zimmerman MA, Cronin DC, Hong JC. Pre-Hepatectomy Assessment of Bile Transporter Expression by Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI in a Rat Model of Liver Cirrhosis. J INVEST SURG 2016; 30:265-271. [PMID: 27780379 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2016.1238983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gadoxetic acid is a liver-specific intravenous T1 magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent that is excreted via the hepatobiliary system. We hypothesize that hepatocyte expressions of bile transporters (OATP1 and MRP2) correlate with dynamic profile of Gadoxetic acid enhanced (GE)-MR imaging (MRI). METHODS Two groups of rats, control (n = 6) and cirrhosis (n = 12), received gadoxetic acid enhanced MRI followed by 70% hepatectomy. The change in MR signal intensity from the baseline before the contrast injection (ΔSI) was analyzed every minute for 30 min. Dynamic signal intensity retention ratio (DSR) was defined as the mean ΔSI of the third 10-minmin period divided by the first 10-minmin period. Real-time PCR was utilized to quantify mRNA expressions. RESULTS Compared to the control, cirrhosis group demonstrated lower mRNA levels of OATP1 (0.038 ± 0.020 vs. 0.232 ± 0.0979; p = 0.004), MRP2 (0.201 ± 0.084 vs. 0.7567 ± 0.254; p = 0.002), and OATP1/MRP2 mRNA ratio (0.193 ± 0.065 vs. 0.342 ± 0.206; p = 0.032). DSR was higher in the cirrhosis group (0.678 ± 0.554 vs -0.125 ± 0.839; p = 0.033). In the cirrhosis group, there was an inverse correlation between the ratios of OATP1/MRP2 mRNA and DSR (R = -0.709, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Bile transporters OATP1/MRP2 mRNA expression ratio in rat liver tissue decreased with DMN-induced liver injury. The expressions of bile transporters correlated with GE-MRI DSR. The GE-MRI DSR has potential utility in qualifying OATP1/MRP2 mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Kim
- a Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA.,b The Transplant Center at Froedtert and Medical College of Wisconsin , Children's Hospital of Wisconsin and The Blood Center of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Tae Kim
- c Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- d Division of MR Research , Korea Basic Science Institute , Cheongwon , South Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Moon
- d Division of MR Research , Korea Basic Science Institute , Cheongwon , South Korea
| | - In-Kyung Oh
- e Department of Surgery , College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Sang Mok Lee
- e Department of Surgery , College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Mark D Hohenwalter
- f Department of Radiology , Medical College of Wisconsin , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Michael A Zimmerman
- a Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA.,b The Transplant Center at Froedtert and Medical College of Wisconsin , Children's Hospital of Wisconsin and The Blood Center of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
| | - David C Cronin
- a Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA.,b The Transplant Center at Froedtert and Medical College of Wisconsin , Children's Hospital of Wisconsin and The Blood Center of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Johnny C Hong
- a Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA.,b The Transplant Center at Froedtert and Medical College of Wisconsin , Children's Hospital of Wisconsin and The Blood Center of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
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Xiao YD, Paudel R, Liu J, Ma C, Zhang ZS, Zhou SK. MRI contrast agents: Classification and application (Review). Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1319-1326. [PMID: 27666161 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are categorised according to the following specific features: chemical composition including the presence or absence of metal atoms, route of administration, magnetic properties, effect on the magnetic resonance image, biodistribution and imaging applications. The majority of these agents are either paramagnetic ion complexes or superparamagnetic magnetite particles and contain lanthanide elements such as gadolinium (Gd3+) or transition metal manganese (Mn2+). These elements shorten the T1 or T2 relaxation time, thereby causing increased signal intensity on T1-weighted images or reduced signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Most paramagnetic contrast agents are positive agents. These agents shorten the T1, so the enhanced parts appear bright on T1-weighted images. Dysprosium, superparamagnetic agents and ferromagnetic agents are negative contrast agents. The enhanced parts appear darker on T2-weighted images. MRI contrast agents incorporating chelating agents reduces storage in the human body, enhances excretion and reduces toxicity. MRI contrast agents may be administered orally or intravenously. According to biodistribution and applications, MRI contrast agents may be categorised into three types: extracellular fluid, blood pool and target/organ-specific agents. A number of contrast agents have been developed to selectively distinguish liver pathologies. Some agents are also capable of targeting other organs, inflammation as well as specific tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ramchandra Paudel
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Cong Ma
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Shu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Shun-Ke Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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17
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Spira D, Bantleon R, Wolburg H, Schick F, Groezinger G, Wiskirchen J, Wiesinger B. Labeling Human Melanoma Cells With SPIO: In Vitro Observations. Mol Imaging 2016; 15:15/0/1536012115624915. [PMID: 27030399 PMCID: PMC5469517 DOI: 10.1177/1536012115624915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To use the superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agent Resovist (±transfection agent) to label human melanoma cells and determine its effects on cellular viability, microstructure, iron quantity, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detectability. Materials and Methods: Human SK-Mel28 melanoma cells were incubated with Resovist (±liposomal transfection agent DOSPER). The cellular iron content was measured, and labeled cells were examined at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. The intracellular and extracellular distributions of the contrast agent were assessed by light and electron microscopy. Results: The incubation of melanoma cells with SPIO does not interfere with cell viability or proliferation. The iron is located both intracellularly and extracellularly as iron clusters associated with the exterior of the cell membrane. Despite thorough washing, the extracellular SPIO remained associated with the cell membrane. The liposomal transfection agent does not change the maximum achievable cellular iron content but promotes a faster iron uptake. The MRI detectability persists for at least 7 days. Conclusion: The transfection agent DOSPER facilitates the efficient labeling of human metastatic melanoma cells with Resovist. Our findings raise the possibility that other Resovist-labeled cells may collect associated extracellular nanoparticles. The SPIO may be available to other iron-handling cells and not completely compartmentalized during the labeling procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Spira
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Rüdiger Bantleon
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartwig Wolburg
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Groezinger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakub Wiskirchen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Franziskus Hospital Bielefeld, Kiskerstraße 26, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wiesinger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Shi X, Liu K, Wang T, Zheng S, Gu W, Ye L. Formation mechanism of dysprosium-doped manganese carbonate nanoparticles by thermal decomposition. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20347g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation mechanism of Dy-doped MnCO3 NPs through the thermal decomposition method was elucidated and the potential of Dy-doped MnCO3 NPs as an efficient MR contrast agent was demonstrated in the brain glioma-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- P. R. China
| | - Kang Liu
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- P. R. China
| | - Tingjian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100093
- P. R. China
| | - Shunjia Zheng
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- P. R. China
| | - Ling Ye
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- P. R. China
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19
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Li X, Zhao W, Liu X, Chen K, Zhu S, Shi P, Chen Y, Shi J. Mesoporous manganese silicate coated silica nanoparticles as multi-stimuli-responsive T1-MRI contrast agents and drug delivery carriers. Acta Biomater 2016; 30:378-387. [PMID: 26602820 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel kind of monodisperse mesoporous manganese silicate coated silica nanoparticle (MMSSN) as a highly efficient T1-weighted MRI contrast agent (CA) and drug carrier for cancer diagnosis and chemotherapy has been constructed by a modified "SiO2 sacrifice and in situ silicate growth" approach under a relatively low hydrothermal temperature and alkali-free condition. The mesoporous manganese silicate shell provides a large specific surface area and abundant exposed Mn paramagnetic centers to water molecules, which endows the MMSSNs with extraordinarily high longitudinal relaxivity. Meanwhile, the MMSSNs presented an efficient pH/redox-responsive T1-MRI feature based on the significant enhancement of relaxation rate (r1) stimulated by mild acidic environment or reducing agent (GSH) both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the mesoporous structure and negatively charged pore surface of the manganese silicate shell enable the MMSSNs to attain anti-cancer drug (DOX) storage and a pH-responsive release, which is suitable for on-demand drug release for the chemotherapy of tumors. Therefore, the mesoporous manganese silicate-based nanomaterial is a promising candidate as T1-MRI CAs and anticancer-drug delivery carriers for the theranostics of tumor in an intelligent and on-demand manner. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE MRI is one of the most frequently used imaging techniques in daily clinics for cancer diagnosis. Using contrast agents (CAs) in MRI can afford much clearer and enlarged images of detectable organs. Gadolinium (Gd(3+))-based T1-positive CAs are widely used but associated with the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. To achieve much safer CAs, various Mn(2+)-based T1-positive CAs have been reported, such as MnO or core-shell MnOx-based nanoparticles. However, the efficiency of these CAs is still lower. Herein, we report a novel kind of mesoporous manganese silicate coated silica nanoparticle as CA and anti-cancer drug carrier. Results obtained from this study, especially the pH/redox-responsive T1-MRI feature are helpful for us to further design efficient MnSiO3-based materials for clinical MRI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenru Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xiaohang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kaiqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shaojia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, China.
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20
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Lohrke J, Frenzel T, Endrikat J, Alves FC, Grist TM, Law M, Lee JM, Leiner T, Li KC, Nikolaou K, Prince MR, Schild HH, Weinreb JC, Yoshikawa K, Pietsch H. 25 Years of Contrast-Enhanced MRI: Developments, Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Adv Ther 2016; 33:1-28. [PMID: 26809251 PMCID: PMC4735235 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-015-0275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In 1988, the first contrast agent specifically designed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist(®)), became available for clinical use. Since then, a plethora of studies have investigated the potential of MRI contrast agents for diagnostic imaging across the body, including the central nervous system, heart and circulation, breast, lungs, the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, musculoskeletal and lymphatic systems, and even the skin. Today, after 25 years of contrast-enhanced (CE-) MRI in clinical practice, the utility of this diagnostic imaging modality has expanded beyond initial expectations to become an essential tool for disease diagnosis and management worldwide. CE-MRI continues to evolve, with new techniques, advanced technologies, and novel contrast agents bringing exciting opportunities for more sensitive, targeted imaging and improved patient management, along with associated clinical challenges. This review aims to provide an overview on the history of MRI and contrast media development, to highlight certain key advances in the clinical development of CE-MRI, to outline current technical trends and clinical challenges, and to suggest some important future perspectives. FUNDING Bayer HealthCare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lohrke
- MR and CT Contrast Media Research, Bayer HealthCare, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Frenzel
- MR and CT Contrast Media Research, Bayer HealthCare, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Endrikat
- Global Medical Affairs Radiology, Bayer HealthCare, Berlin, Germany
- Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas M Grist
- Radiology, Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Meng Law
- Radiology and Neurological Surgery, University of South California, Keck School of Medicine, USC University Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tim Leiner
- Radiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kun-Cheng Li
- Radiology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin R Prince
- Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Kohki Yoshikawa
- Graduate Division of Medical Health Sciences, Graduate School of Komazawa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hubertus Pietsch
- MR and CT Contrast Media Research, Bayer HealthCare, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Zhao B, Huang P, Rong P, Wang Y, Gao M, Huang H, Sun K, Chen X, Li W. Facile synthesis of ternary CdMnS QD-based hollow nanospheres as fluorescent/magnetic probes for bioimaging. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:1208-1212. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01963j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent/magnetic dual-functional CdMnS hollow nanospheres with bright tunable emission and strong MR signal were synthesized via a facile Ostwald-ripening process with promising applications in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxia Zhao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology
- The Third Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Mengyu Gao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)
- Center for Comparative Biomedicine
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Kang Sun
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Wanwan Li
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
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22
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Rodrigues ARO, Ramos JMF, Gomes IT, Almeida BG, Araújo JP, Queiroz MJRP, Coutinho PJG, Castanheira EMS. Magnetoliposomes based on manganese ferrite nanoparticles as nanocarriers for antitumor drugs. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27058h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous and solid magnetoliposomes containing MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared and evaluated as nanocarriers for a new antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M. F. Ramos
- Centro de Física (CFUM)
- Universidade do Minho
- Campus de Gualtar
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
| | - I. T. Gomes
- Centro de Física (CFUM)
- Universidade do Minho
- Campus de Gualtar
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
| | - Bernardo G. Almeida
- Centro de Física (CFUM)
- Universidade do Minho
- Campus de Gualtar
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
| | - J. P. Araújo
- IFIMUP/IN-Instituto de Nanociência e Nanotecnologia
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
| | | | - Paulo J. G. Coutinho
- Centro de Física (CFUM)
- Universidade do Minho
- Campus de Gualtar
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
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23
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Gatidis S, Schmidt H, Claussen CD, Schwenzer NF. [Multiparametric imaging with simultaneous MRI/PET: Methodological aspects and possible clinical applications]. Z Rheumatol 2015; 74:878-85. [PMID: 26589201 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-015-0011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined MRI/PET enables the acquisition of a variety of imaging parameters during one examination, including anatomical and functional information such as perfusion, diffusion, and metabolism. OBJECTIVE The present article summarizes these methods and their applications in multiparametric imaging via MRI/PET. RESULTS Numerous studies have shown that the combination of these parameters can improve diagnostic accuracy for many applications, including the imaging of oncological, neurological, and inflammatory conditions. Because of the amount and the complexity of the acquired multiparametric data, there is a need for advanced analysis tools, such as methods of parameter selection and data classification. DISCUSSION Currently, the clinical application of this process still has limitations. On the one hand, software for the fast calculation and standardized evaluation of the imaging data acquired is still lacking. On the other hand, there are deficiencies when comparing the results because of a lack of standardization of the assessment and diagnostic procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gatidis
- Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - H Schmidt
- Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - C D Claussen
- Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - N F Schwenzer
- Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.
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24
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Protein MRI contrast agent with unprecedented metal selectivity and sensitivity for liver cancer imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6607-12. [PMID: 25971726 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423021112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With available MRI techniques, primary and metastatic liver cancers that are associated with high mortality rates and poor treatment responses are only diagnosed at late stages, due to the lack of highly sensitive contrast agents without Gd(3+) toxicity. We have developed a protein contrast agent (ProCA32) that exhibits high stability for Gd(3+) and a 10(11)-fold greater selectivity for Gd(3+) over Zn(2+) compared with existing contrast agents. ProCA32, modified from parvalbumin, possesses high relaxivities (r1/r2: 66.8 mmol(-1)⋅s(-1)/89.2 mmol(-1)⋅s(-1) per particle). Using T1- and T2-weighted, as well as T2/T1 ratio imaging, we have achieved, for the first time (to our knowledge), robust MRI detection of early liver metastases as small as ∼0.24 mm in diameter, much smaller than the current detection limit of 10-20 mm. Furthermore, ProCA32 exhibits appropriate in vivo preference for liver sinusoidal spaces and pharmacokinetics for high-quality imaging. ProCA32 will be invaluable for noninvasive early detection of primary and metastatic liver cancers as well as for monitoring treatment and guiding therapeutic interventions, including drug delivery.
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25
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Aichler M, Huber K, Schilling F, Lohöfer F, Kosanke K, Meier R, Rummeny EJ, Walch A, Wildgruber M. Spatially Resolved Quantification of Gadolinium(III)-Based Magnetic Resonance Agents in Tissue by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry after In Vivo MRI. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Aichler M, Huber K, Schilling F, Lohöfer F, Kosanke K, Meier R, Rummeny EJ, Walch A, Wildgruber M. Spatially resolved quantification of gadolinium(III)-based magnetic resonance agents in tissue by MALDI imaging mass spectrometry after in vivo MRI. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4279-83. [PMID: 25689595 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium(III)-based contrast agents improve the sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially when targeted contrast agents are applied. Because of nonlinear correlation between the contrast agent concentration in tissue and the MRI signal obtained in vivo, quantification of certain biological or pathophysiological processes by MRI remains a challenge. Up to now, no technology has been able to provide a spatially resolved quantification of MRI agents directly within the tissue, which would allow a more precise verification of in vivo imaging results. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry for spatially resolved in situ quantification of gadolinium(III) agents, in correlation to in vivo MRI, were evaluated. Enhanced kinetics of Gadofluorine M were determined dynamically over time in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. MALDI imaging was able to corroborate the in vivo imaging MRI signals and enabled in situ quantification of the gadolinium probe with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Germany)
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27
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Entrepreneurship in the academic radiology environment. Acad Radiol 2015; 22:14-24. [PMID: 25442799 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Innovation and entrepreneurship in health care can help solve the current health care crisis by creating products and services that improve quality and convenience while reducing costs. MATERIALS AND METHODS To effectively drive innovation and entrepreneurship within the current health care delivery environment, academic institutions will need to provide education, promote networking across disciplines, align incentives, and adapt institutional cultures. This article provides a general review of entrepreneurship and commercialization from the perspective of academic radiology departments, drawing on information sources in several disciplines including radiology, medicine, law, and business. CONCLUSIONS Our review will discuss the role of universities in supporting academic entrepreneurship, identify drivers of entrepreneurship, detail opportunities for academic radiologists, and outline key strategies that foster greater involvement of radiologists in entrepreneurial efforts and encourage leadership to embrace and support entrepreneurship.
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28
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Mattei TA, Rehman AA. Technological developments and future perspectives on graphene-based metamaterials: a primer for neurosurgeons. Neurosurgery 2014; 74:499-516; discussion 516. [PMID: 24476906 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene, a monolayer atomic-scale honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms, has been considered the greatest revolution in metamaterials research in the past 5 years. Its developers were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010, and massive funding has been directed to graphene-based experimental research in the last years. For instance, an international scientific collaboration has recently received a €1 billion grant from the European Flagship Initiative, the largest amount of financial resources ever granted for a single research project in the history of modern science. Because of graphene's unique optical, thermal, mechanical, electronic, and quantum properties, the incorporation of graphene-based metamaterials to biomedical applications is expected to lead to major technological breakthroughs in the next few decades. Current frontline research in graphene technology includes the development of high-performance, lightweight, and malleable electronic devices, new optical modulators, ultracapacitors, molecular biodevices, organic photovoltaic cells, lithium-ion microbatteries, frequency multipliers, quantum dots, and integrated circuits, just to mention a few. With such advances, graphene technology is expected to significantly impact several areas of neurosurgery, including neuro-oncology, neurointensive care, neuroregeneration research, peripheral nerve surgery, functional neurosurgery, and spine surgery. In this topic review, the authors provide a basic introduction to the main electrophysical properties of graphene. Additionally, future perspectives of ongoing frontline investigations on this new metamaterial are discussed, with special emphasis on those research fields that are expected to most substantially impact experimental and clinical neurosurgery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Mattei
- *Invision Health Brain and Spine Center, Williamsville, New York; ‡University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois
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29
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Cho M, Sethi R, Narayanan JSA, Lee SS, Benoit DN, Taheri N, Decuzzi P, Colvin VL. Gadolinium oxide nanoplates with high longitudinal relaxivity for magnetic resonance imaging. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13637-13645. [PMID: 25273814 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03505d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are often characterized by insufficient relaxivity, thus requiring the systemic injection of high doses to induce sufficient contrast enhancement at the target site. In this work, gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoplates are produced via a thermal decomposition method. The nanoplates have a core diameter varying from 2 to 22 nm, a thickness of 1 to 2 nm and are coated with either an oleic acid bilayer or an octylamine modified poly(acrylic acid) (PAA-OA) polymer layer. For the smaller nanoplates, longitudinal relaxivities (r1) of 7.96 and 47.2 (mM s)(-1) were measured at 1.41 T for the oleic acid bilayer and PAA-OA coating, respectively. These values moderately reduce as the size of the Gd2O3 nanoplates increases, and are always larger for the PAA-OA coating. Cytotoxicity studies on human dermal fibroblast cells documented no significant toxicity, with 100% cell viability preserved up to 250 μM for the PAA-OA coated Gd2O3 nanoplates. Given the 10 times increase in longitudinal relaxivity over the commercially available Gd-based molecular agents and the favorable toxicity profile, the 2 nm PAA-OA coated Gd2O3 nanoplates could represent a new class of highly effective T1 MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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30
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Iwaki S, Hokamura K, Ogawa M, Takehara Y, Muramatsu Y, Yamane T, Hirabayashi K, Morimoto Y, Hagisawa K, Nakahara K, Mineno T, Terai T, Komatsu T, Ueno T, Tamura K, Adachi Y, Hirata Y, Arita M, Arai H, Umemura K, Nagano T, Hanaoka K. A design strategy for small molecule-based targeted MRI contrast agents: their application for detection of atherosclerotic plaques. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8611-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01270d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Xiao Y, Xue R, You T, Li X, Pei F, Wang X, Lei H. Gadolinium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid conjugate of arabinogalactan as a potential liver-targeting magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. Carbohydr Res 2014; 395:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of manganese(II)-porphyrin modified with chitosan oligosaccharides as potential MRI contrast agents. Chem Res Chin Univ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-014-4015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Hepatobiliary magnetic resonance imaging in patients with liver disease: correlation of liver enhancement with biochemical liver function tests. Eur Radiol 2014; 24:2482-90. [PMID: 25030459 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate hepatobiliary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using Gd-EOB-DTPA in relation to various liver function tests in patients with liver disorders. METHODS Fifty-one patients with liver disease underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced liver MRI. Based on region-of-interest (ROI) analysis, liver signal intensity was calculated using the spleen as reference tissue. Liver-spleen contrast ratio (LSCR) and relative liver enhancement (RLE) were calculated. Serum levels of total bilirubin, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum albumin level (AL), prothrombin time (PT), creatinine (CR) as well as international normalised ratio (INR) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score were tested for correlation with LSCR and RLE. RESULTS Pre-contrast LSCR values correlated with total bilirubin (r = -0.39; p = 0.005), GGT (r = -0.37; p = 0.009), AST (r = -0.38; p = 0.013), ALT (r = -0.29; p = 0.046), PT (r = 0.52; p < 0.001), GLDH (r = -0.55; p = 0.044), INR (r = -0.42; p = 0.003), and MELD Score (r = -0.53; p < 0.001). After administration of Gd-EOB-DTPA bilirubin (r = -0.45; p = 0.001), GGT (r = -0.40; p = 0.004), PT (r = 0.54; p < 0.001), AST (r = -0.46; p = 0.002), ALT (r = -0.31; p = 0.030), INR (r = -0.45; p = 0.001) and MELD Score (r = -0.56; p < 0.001) significantly correlated with LSCR. RLE correlated with bilirubin (r = -0.40; p = 0.004), AST (r = -0.38; p = 0.013), PT (r = 0.42; p = 0.003), GGT (r = -0.33; p = 0.020), INR (r = -0.36; p = 0.011) and MELD Score (r = -0.43; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Liver-spleen contrast ratio and relative liver enhancement using Gd-EOB-DTPA correlate with a number of routinely used biochemical liver function tests, suggesting that hepatobiliary MRI may serve as a valuable biomarker for liver function. The strongest correlation with liver enhancement was found for the MELD Score. KEY POINTS • Relative enhancement (RLE) of Gd-EOB-DTPA is related to biochemical liver function tests. • Correlation of RLE with bilirubin, ALT, AST, GGT, INR and MELD Score is reverse. • The correlation of relative liver enhancement with prothrombin time is positive. • AST, ALT, GLDH, prothrombin time, INR and MELD Score correlate with pre-contrast liver-spleen contrast ratio. • Such biomarkers may help to evaluate liver function.
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Xue S, Qiao J, Jiang J, Hubbard K, White N, Wei L, Li S, Liu ZR, Yang JJ. Design of ProCAs (protein-based Gd(3+) MRI contrast agents) with high dose efficiency and capability for molecular imaging of cancer biomarkers. Med Res Rev 2014; 34:1070-99. [PMID: 24615853 DOI: 10.1002/med.21313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the leading imaging technique for disease diagnostics, providing high resolution, three-dimensional images noninvasively. MRI contrast agents are designed to improve the contrast and sensitivity of MRI. However, current clinically used MRI contrast agents have relaxivities far below the theoretical upper limit, which largely prevent advancing molecular imaging of biomarkers with desired sensitivity and specificity. This review describes current progress in the development of a new class of protein-based MRI contrast agents (ProCAs) with high relaxivity using protein design to optimize the parameters that govern relaxivity. Further, engineering with targeting moiety allows these contrast agents to be applicable for molecular imaging of prostate cancer biomarkers by MRI. The developed protein-based contrast agents also exhibit additional in vitro and in vivo advantages for molecular imaging of disease biomarkers, such as high metal-binding stability and selectivity, reduced toxicity, proper blood circulation time, and higher permeability in tumor tissue in addition to improved relaxivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Xue
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics (CDT), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Wang K, Peng H, Thurecht KJ, Puttick S, Whittaker AK. Biodegradable core crosslinked star polymer nanoparticles as19F MRI contrast agents for selective imaging. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Organ-focused mutual information for nonrigid multimodal registration of liver CT and Gd–EOB–DTPA-enhanced MRI. Med Image Anal 2014; 18:22-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sheeran PS, Dayton PA. Improving the performance of phase-change perfluorocarbon droplets for medical ultrasonography: current progress, challenges, and prospects. SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:579684. [PMID: 24991447 PMCID: PMC4058811 DOI: 10.1155/2014/579684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, perfluorocarbon (PFC) droplets have been investigated for biomedical applications across a wide range of imaging modalities. More recently, interest has increased in "phase-change" PFC droplets (or "phase-change" contrast agents), which can convert from liquid to gas with an external energy input. In the field of ultrasound, phase-change droplets present an attractive alternative to traditional microbubble agents for many diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Despite the progress, phase-change PFC droplets remain far from clinical implementation due to a number of challenges. In this review, we survey our recent work to enhance the performance of phase-change agents for ultrasound through a variety of techniques in order to provide increased efficacy in therapeutic applications of ultrasound and enable previously unexplored applications in diagnostic and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S. Sheeran
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Paul A. Dayton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- *Paul A. Dayton:
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Molecular imaging of EGFR/HER2 cancer biomarkers by protein MRI contrast agents. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 19:259-70. [PMID: 24366655 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2 are major prognosis biomarkers and drug targets overexpressed in various types of cancer cells. There is a pressing need to develop MRI contrast agents capable of enhancing the contrast between normal tissues and tumors with high relaxivity, capable of targeting tumors, and with high intratumoral distribution and minimal toxicity. In this review, we first discuss EGFR signaling and its role in tumor progression as a major drug target. We then report our progress in the development of protein contrast agents with significant improvement of both r1 and r2 relaxivities, pharmacokinetics, in vivo retention time, and in vivo dose efficiency. Finally, we report our effort in the development of EGFR-targeted protein contrast agents with the capability to cross the endothelial boundary and with good tissue distribution across the entire tumor mass. The noninvasive capability of MRI to visualize spatially and temporally the intratumoral distribution as well as quantify the levels of EGFR and HER2 would greatly improve our ability to track changes of the biomarkers during tumor progression, monitor treatment efficacy, aid in patient selection, and further develop novel targeted therapies for clinical application.
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Phinikaridou A, Andia ME, Lacerda S, Lorrio S, Makowski MR, Botnar RM. Molecular MRI of atherosclerosis. Molecules 2013; 18:14042-69. [PMID: 24232739 PMCID: PMC6270261 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in prevention, risk assessment and treatment, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. The lion's share is due to acute coronary syndromes (ACS), which are predominantly triggered by plaque rupture or erosion and subsequent coronary thrombosis. As the majority of vulnerable plaques does not cause a significant stenosis, due to expansive remodeling, and are rather defined by their composition and biological activity, detection of vulnerable plaques with x-ray angiography has shown little success. Non-invasive vulnerable plaque detection by identifying biological features that have been associated with plaque progression, destabilization and rupture may therefore be more appropriate and may allow earlier detection, more aggressive treatment and monitoring of treatment response. MR molecular imaging with target specific molecular probes has shown great promise for the noninvasive in vivo visualization of biological processes at the molecular and cellular level in animals and humans. Compared to other imaging modalities; MRI can provide excellent spatial resolution; high soft tissue contrast and has the ability to simultaneously image anatomy; function as well as biological tissue composition and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkystis Phinikaridou
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; E-Mails: (A.P.); (M.E.A.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Marcelo E. Andia
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; E-Mails: (A.P.); (M.E.A.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.R.M.)
- Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Sara Lacerda
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; E-Mails: (A.P.); (M.E.A.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Silvia Lorrio
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; E-Mails: (A.P.); (M.E.A.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Marcus R. Makowski
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; E-Mails: (A.P.); (M.E.A.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.R.M.)
- Department of Radiology, Charite, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - René M. Botnar
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; E-Mails: (A.P.); (M.E.A.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (M.R.M.)
- Wellcome Trust and ESPRC Medical Engineering Center, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- BHF Centre of Excellence, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Superparamagnetic iron oxide based nanoprobes for imaging and theranostics. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 199-200:95-113. [PMID: 23891347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The need to target, deliver and subsequently evaluate the efficacy of therapeutics in the treatment of a disease has provided added impetus in developing novel and highly efficient contrast agents. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have offered tremendous potential in designing advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostic agents, due to their unique physicochemical properties. There has been tremendous effort devoted in the recent past in developing synthetic methodologies through which their size, hydrodynamic radii, chemical composition and morphologies could be tailored at the nanoscale. This enables one to fine tune their magnetic behavior, and thus their MRI response. While novel synthetic strategies are being assembled for directing SPIONs to the diseased site as well as imparting them stealth and biocompatibility, it is also essential to evaluate their biological toxicological profiles. This review highlights recent advances that have been made in the synthesis of SPIONs, subsequent functionalization with desired entities, and a discussion on their use as MRI contrast agents in cardiovascular research.
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Biologic factors affecting HCC conspicuity in hepatobiliary phase imaging with liver-specific contrast agents. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013; 201:322-31. [PMID: 23883212 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.12.9478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors influencing hepatic enhancement and the conspicuity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadobenate dimeglu-mine- and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced hepatobiliary phase MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with chronic liver disease who underwent liver MRI with gadobenate dimeglumine (n = 93) or gadoxetate disodium (n = 92) were included in this study. The degree of hepatic enhancement on 1-hour and 3-hour delayed phase gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced and 20-minute delayed phase gadoxetate disodium-enhanced hepatobiliary phase images were evaluated with quantitative and visual indexes. The conspicuity of 40 HCCs in the gadobenate dimeglumine group and 38 HCCs in the gadoxetate disodium group were graded on a 5-point scale. Correlation between hepatic enhancement indexes and clinical factors (age, body weight, serum bilirubin concentration, model for end-stage liver disease score, Child-Pugh class, and renal function stage) and association between the conspicuity of HCCs and clinical factors, lesion diameter, and hepatic enhancement indexes were evaluated. RESULTS In the gadobenate dimeglumine group, the visual index of hepatic enhancement independently correlated with Child-Pugh class on both 1- and 3-hour delayed images (p < 0.001) and with renal function stage only on 3-hour delayed images (p ≤ 0.031). In the gadoxetate disodium group, both quantitative and visual indexes of hepatic enhancement independently correlated with Child-Pugh class (p ≤ 0.019). The conspicuity of HCCs independently correlated with Child-Pugh class and lesion diameter on 3-hour delayed gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced images (p ≤ 0.031) and on gadoxetate disodium-enhanced images (p = 0.033) and significantly correlated with the visual index of hepatic enhancement on both gadobenate dimeglumine- and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced images (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION Liver enhancement and conspicuity of HCC are significantly affected by Child-Pugh class on both gadobenate dimeglumine- and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced hepatobiliary phase MR images.
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Enomoto T, Kawano M, Fukuda H, Sawada W, Inoue T, Haw KC, Kita Y, Sakamoto S, Yamaguchi Y, Imai T, Hatakeyama M, Saito S, Sandhu A, Matsui M, Aoki I, Handa H. Viral protein-coating of magnetic nanoparticles using simian virus 40 VP1. J Biotechnol 2013; 167:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Barber PA. Magnetic resonance imaging of ischemia viability thresholds and the neurovascular unit. SENSORS 2013; 13:6981-7003. [PMID: 23711462 PMCID: PMC3715273 DOI: 10.3390/s130606981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging has improved our understanding of the evolution of stroke at discreet time points helping to identify irreversibly damaged and potentially reversible ischemic brain. Neuroimaging has also contributed considerably to the basic premise of acute stroke therapy which is to salvage some portion of the ischemic region from evolving into infarction, and by doing so, maintaining brain function and improving outcome. The term neurovascular unit (NVU) broadens the concept of the ischemic penumbra by linking the microcirculation with neuronal-glial interactions during ischemia reperfusion. Strategies that attempt to preserve the individual components (endothelium, glia and neurons) of the NVU are unlikely to be helpful if blood flow is not fully restored to the microcirculation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the foremost imaging technology able to bridge both basic science and the clinic via non-invasive real time high-resolution anatomical delineation of disease manifestations at the molecular and ionic level. Current MRI based technologies have focused on the mismatch between perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) signals to estimate the tissue that could be saved if reperfusion was achieved. Future directions of MRI may focus on the discordance of recanalization and reperfusion, providing complimentary pathophysiological information to current compartmental paradigms of infarct core (DWI) and penumbra (PWI) with imaging information related to cerebral blood flow, BBB permeability, inflammation, and oedema formation in the early acute phase. In this review we outline advances in our understanding of stroke pathophysiology with imaging, transcending animal stroke models to human stroke, and describing the potential translation of MRI to image important interactions relevant to acute stroke at the interface of the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Barber
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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Rashid HU, Yu K, Zhou J. Lanthanide(III) chelates as MRI contrast agents: A brief description. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s002247661301037x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Goswami LN, Ma L, Cai Q, Sarma SJ, Jalisatgi SS, Hawthorne MF. cRGD peptide-conjugated icosahedral closo-B12(2-) core carrying multiple Gd3+-DOTA chelates for α(v)β3 integrin-targeted tumor imaging (MRI). Inorg Chem 2013; 52:1701-9. [PMID: 23391150 PMCID: PMC3593306 DOI: 10.1021/ic302340c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A vertex-differentiated icosahedral closo-B(12)(2-) core was utilized to construct a α(v)β(3) integrin receptor-targeted (via cRGD peptide) high payload MRI contrast agent (CA-12) carrying 11 copies of Gd(3+)-DOTA chelates attached to the closo-B(12)(2-) surface via suitable linkers. The resulting polyfunctional MRI contrast agent possessed a higher relaxivity value per-Gd compared to Omniscan, a small molecular contrast agent commonly used in clinical settings. The α(v)β(3) integrin receptor specificity of CA-12 was confirmed via in vitro cellular binding experiments and in vivo MRI of mice bearing human PC-3 prostate cancer xenografts. Integrin α(v)β(3)-positive MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited 300% higher uptake of CA-12 than α(v)β(3)-negative T47D cells. Serial T1-weighted MRI showed superior contrast enhancement of tumors by CA-12 compared to both a nontargeted 12-fold Gd(3+)-DOTA closomer control (CA-7) and Omniscan. Contrast enhancement by CA-12 persisted for 4 h postinjection, and subsequent enhancement of kidney tissue indicated a renal elimination route similar to Omniscan. No toxic effects of CA-12 were apparent in any mice for up to 24 h postinjection. Post-mortem ICP-OES analysis at 24 h detected no residual Gd in any of the tissue samples analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit N. Goswami
- International Institute of Nano and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-3450
| | - Lixin Ma
- International Institute of Nano and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-3450
| | - Quanyu Cai
- International Institute of Nano and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-3450
| | - Saurav J. Sarma
- International Institute of Nano and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-3450
| | - Satish S. Jalisatgi
- International Institute of Nano and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-3450
| | - M. Frederick Hawthorne
- International Institute of Nano and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-3450
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Huang Y, Hu L, Zhang T, Zhong H, Zhou J, Liu Z, Wang H, Guo Z, Chen Q. Mn₃[Co(CN)₆]₂@SiO₂ core-shell nanocubes: novel bimodal contrast agents for MRI and optical imaging. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2647. [PMID: 24026007 PMCID: PMC3770959 DOI: 10.1038/srep02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoprobes with dual modal imaging of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and two-photon fluorescence (TPF) can serve as promising platforms for clinical diagnosis. A wide range of molecules and nanoparticles have been investigated as agents for contrast enhanced MRI and fluorescence imaging in cancer diagnosis. However, a single material with dual modal imaging of MRI and TPF is rarely reported. We found that Mn₃[Co(CN)₆]₂@SiO₂ nanocubes can serve as agents for both T₁- and T₂-weighted MRI, and TPF imaging. The nanocubes coated with silica to form Mn₃[Co(CN)₆]₂@SiO₂ core-shell nanocubes were readily internalized by cells without showing cytotoxicity. In vitro tests, the core-shell nanocubes display relatively high longitudinal (r₁) and transverse (r₂) relaxivities, they also manifest a remarkable T₁ and T₂ contrast effects at in-vivo imaging of internal organs in Mice. Moreover, the core-shell nanocubes could offer high-resolution cell fluorescence imaging by two-photon excitation (720 nm) or by conventional fluorescence with 403- or 488-nm excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lin Hu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Radiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhenbang Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Haibao Wang
- Radiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Qianwang Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Vithanarachchi SM, Allen MJ. Strategies for Target-Specific Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 1:12-25. [PMID: 23316452 DOI: 10.2174/2211555211201010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent research efforts focused on increasing the specificity of contrast agents for proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast agents play an indispensable role in MRI by enhancing the inherent contrast of images; however, the non-specific nature of current clinical contrast agents limits their usefulness. This limitation can be addressed by conjugating contrast agents or contrast-agent-loaded carriers-including polymers, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and liposomes-to molecules that bind to biological sites of interest. An alternative approach to conjugation is synthetically mimicking biological structures with metal complexes that are also contrast agents. In this review, we describe the advantages and limitations of these two targeting strategies with respect to translation from in vitro to in vivo imaging while focusing on advances from the last ten years.
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Abstract
Based on recent clinical practice guidelines, imaging is largely replacing pathology as the preferred diagnostic method for determination of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A variety of imaging modalities, including ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, and angiography, are currently used to examine patients with chronic liver disease and suspected HCC. Advancements in imaging techniques such as perfusion imaging, diffusion imaging, and elastography along with the development of new contrast media will further improve the ability to detect and characterize HCC. Early diagnosis of HCC is essential for prompt treatment, which may in turn improve prognosis. Considering the process of hepatocarcinogenesis, it is important to evaluate sequential changes via imaging which would help to differentiate HCC from premalignant or benign lesions. Recent innovations including multiphasic examinations, high-resolution imaging, and the increased functional capabilities available with contrast-enhanced US, multidetector row CT, and MRI have raised the standards for HCC diagnosis. Although hemodynamic features of nodules in the cirrhotic liver remain the main diagnostic criterion, newly developed cellspecific contrast agents have shown great possibilities for improved HCC diagnosis and may overcome the diagnostic dilemma associated with small or borderline hepatocellular lesions. In the 20th century paradigm of medical imaging, radiological diagnosis was based on morphological characteristics, but in the 21st century, a paradigm shift to include biomedical, physiological, functional, and genetic imaging is needed. A multidisciplinary team approach is necessary to foster an integrated approach to HCC imaging. By developing and combining new imaging modalities, all phases of HCC patient care, including screening, diagnosis, treatment, and therapy, can be dramatically improved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byung Ihn Choi
- *Byung Ihn Choi, MD, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744 (Korea), Tel. +82 2 2072 2515, E-Mail
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Tsuchiya K, Nitta N, Sonoda A, Nitta-Seko A, Ohta S, Takahashi M, Murata K, Mukaisho K, Shiomi M, Tabata Y, Nohara S. Evaluation of atherosclerotic lesions using dextran- and mannan-dextran-coated USPIO: MRI analysis and pathological findings. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:2271-80. [PMID: 22619561 PMCID: PMC3356181 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s29417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect atherosclerotic lesions containing accumulations of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIO). Positing that improved USPIO with a higher affinity for atherosclerotic plaques would yield better plaque images, we performed MRI and histologic studies to compare the uptake of dextran- and mannan-dextran-coated USPIO (D-USPIO and DM-USPIO, respectively) by the atherosclerotic walls of rabbits. We intravenously injected atherosclerotic rabbits with DM-USPIO (n = 5) or D-USPIO (n = 5). Two rabbits were the controls. The doses delivered were 0.08 (dose 1) (n = 1), 0.4 (dose 2) (n = 1), or 0.8 (dose 3) (n = 3) mmol iron/Kg. The dose 3 rabbits underwent in vivo contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) before and 5 days after USPIO administration. Afterwards, all animals were euthanized, the aortae were removed and subjected to in vitro MRI study. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the aortic wall in the same region of interest (ROI) was calculated in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Histological assessment through measurement of iron-positive regions in Prussian blue-stained specimens showed that iron-positive regions were significantly larger in rabbits injected with DM- rather than D-USPIO (P < 0.05) for all doses. In vivo MRA showed that the SNR-reducing effect of DM- was greater than that of D-USPIO (P < 0.05). With in vitro MRI scans, SNR was significantly lower in rabbits treated with dose 2 of DM-USPIO compared with D-USPIO treatment (P < 0.05), and it tended to be lower at dose 3 (P < 0.1). In conclusion, we suggest that DM-USPIO is superior to D-USPIO for the study of atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
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