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Caballero D, Pérez-Palacios T, Caro A, Antequera T. Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Analyse Meat and Meat Products Non-destructively. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1912085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Caballero
- Chemometrics and Analytical Technology, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Media Engineering Group (GIM), Department of Computer Science, Research Institute of Meat and Meat Product (IproCar), University of Extrema, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Trinidad Pérez-Palacios
- Department of Food Technology, Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products (Iprocar) University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Andrés Caro
- Media Engineering Group (GIM), Department of Computer Science, Research Institute of Meat and Meat Product (IproCar), University of Extrema, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Teresa Antequera
- Department of Food Technology, Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products (Iprocar) University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Biomarker in Rodent Peripheral Nerve Injury Models Reveals an Age-Related Impairment of Nerve Regeneration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13508. [PMID: 31534149 PMCID: PMC6751200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of myelin integrity in peripheral nerve injuries and pathologies has largely been limited to post-mortem analysis owing to the difficulty in obtaining biopsies without affecting nerve function. This is further encumbered by the small size of the tissue and its location. Therefore, the development of robust, non-invasive methods is highly attractive. In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, including magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), to longitudinally and non-invasively characterize both the sciatic nerve crush and lysolecithin (LCP) demyelination models of peripheral nerve injury in rodents. Electrophysiological, gene expression and histological assessments complemented the extensive MRI analyses in young and aged animals. In the nerve crush model, MTR analysis indicated a slower recovery in regions distal to the site of injury in aged animals, as well as incomplete recovery at six weeks post-crush when analyzing across the entire nerve surface. Similar regional impairments were also found in the LCP demyelination model. This research underlines the power of MTR for the study of peripheral nerve injury in small tissues such as the sciatic nerve of rodents and contributes new knowledge to the effect of aging on recovery after injury. A particular advantage of the approach is the translational potential to human neuropathies.
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Goubert D, De Pauw R, Meeus M, Willems T, Cagnie B, Schouppe S, Van Oosterwijck J, Dhondt E, Danneels L. Lumbar muscle structure and function in chronic versus recurrent low back pain: a cross-sectional study. Spine J 2017; 17:1285-1296. [PMID: 28456669 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Heterogeneity exists within the low back pain (LBP) population. Some patients recover after every pain episode, whereas others suffer daily from LBP complaints. Until now, studies rarely make a distinction between recurrent low back pain (RLBP) and chronic low back pain (CLBP), although both are characterized by a different clinical picture. Clinical experiences also indicate that heterogeneity exists within the CLBP population. Muscle degeneration, like atrophy, fat infiltration, alterations in muscle fiber type, and altered muscle activity, compromises proper biomechanics and motion of the spinal units in LBP patients. The amount of alterations in muscle structure and muscle function of the paraspinal muscles might be related to the recurrence or chronicity of LBP. PURPOSE The aim of this experimental study is to evaluate differences in muscle structure (cross-sectional area and lean muscle fat index) and muscle activity of the multifidus (MF) and erector spinae (ES) during trunk extension, in patients with RLBP, non-continuous CLBP, and continuous CLBP. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING This cross-sectional study took place in the university hospital of Ghent, Belgium. Muscle structure characteristics and muscle activity were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PATIENT SAMPLE Fifty-five adults with non-specific LBP (24 RLBP in remission, 15 non-continuous CLBP, 16 continuous CLBP) participated in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES Total cross-sectional area, muscle cross-sectional area, fat cross-sectional area, lean muscle fat index, T2-rest and T2-shift were assessed. METHODS A T1-weighted Dixon MRI scan was used to evaluate spinal muscle cross-sectional area and fat infiltration in the lumbar MF and ES. Muscle functional MRI was used to evaluate the muscle activity of the lumbar MF and ES during a lumbar extension exercise. Before and after the exercise, a pain assessment was performed. This study was supported by grants from the Special Research Fund of Ghent University (DEF12/AOP/022) without potential conflict of interest-associated biases in the text of the paper. RESULTS Fat cross-sectional area and lean muscle fat index were significantly higher in MF and ES in continuous CLBP compared with non-continuous CLBP and RLBP (p<.05). No differencesbetween groups were found for total cross-sectional area and muscle cross-sectional area in MF or ES (p>.05). Also, no significant differences between groups for T2-rest were established. T2-shift, however, was significantly lower in MF and ES in RLBP compared with, respectively, non-continuous CLBP and continuous CLBP (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a higher amount of fat infiltration in the lumbar muscles, in the absence of clear atrophy, in continuous CLBP compared with RLBP. A lower metabolic activity of the lumbar muscles was seen in RLBP replicating a relative lower intensity in contractions performed by the lumbar muscles in RLBP compared with non-continuous and continuous CLBP. In conclusion, RLBP differs from continuous CLBP for both muscle structure and muscle function, whereas non-continuous CLBP seems comparable with RLBP for lumbar muscle structure and with continuous CLBP for lumbar muscle function. These results underline the differences in muscle structure and muscle function between different LBP populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Goubert
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, St Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Pain in Motion Research Group, Belgium; Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Boulevard de la Plaine 2, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Robby De Pauw
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, St Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mira Meeus
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, St Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Pain in Motion Research Group, Belgium; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tine Willems
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, St Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara Cagnie
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, St Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Schouppe
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, St Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jessica Van Oosterwijck
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, St Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Evy Dhondt
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, St Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Danneels
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, St Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Vohra RS, Mathur S, Bryant ND, Forbes SC, Vandenborne K, Walter GA. Age-related T2 changes in hindlimb muscles of mdx mice. Muscle Nerve 2015; 53:84-90. [PMID: 25846867 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to monitor changes in the transverse relaxation time constant (T2) in lower hindlimb muscles of mdx mice at different ages. METHODS Young (5 weeks), adult (44 weeks), and old mdx (96 weeks), and age-matched control mice were studied. Young mdx mice were imaged longitudinally, whereas adult and old mdx mice were imaged at a single time-point. RESULTS Mean muscle T2 and percent of pixels with elevated T2 were significantly different between mdx and control mice at all ages. In young mdx mice, mean muscle T2 peaked at 7-8 weeks and declined at 9-11 weeks. In old mdx mice, mean muscle T2 was decreased compared with young and adult mice, which could be attributed to fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS MRI captured longitudinal changes in skeletal muscle integrity of mdx mice. This information will be valuable for pre-clinical testing of potential therapeutic interventions for muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet S Vohra
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sunita Mathur
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan D Bryant
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Box 100274, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0274, USA
| | - Sean C Forbes
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Krista Vandenborne
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Glenn A Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Box 100274, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0274, USA
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Schuermans J, Van Tiggelen D, Danneels L, Witvrouw E. Biceps femoris and semitendinosus--teammates or competitors? New insights into hamstring injury mechanisms in male football players: a muscle functional MRI study. Br J Sports Med 2015; 48:1599-606. [PMID: 25388959 PMCID: PMC4267196 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hamstring injury mechanism was assessed by investigating the exercise-related metabolic activity characteristics of the hamstring muscles using a muscle functional MRI (mfMRI) protocol. METHODS 27 healthy male football players and 27 football players with a history of hamstring injuries (recovered and playing fully) underwent standardised mfMR Imaging. The mfMRI protocol consisted of a resting scan, a strenuous bilateral eccentric hamstring exercise and a postexercise scan. The exercise-related T2 increase or the signal intensity shift between both scans was used to detect differences in metabolic activation characteristics (1) between the different hamstring muscle bellies and (2) between the injury group and the control group. RESULTS A more symmetrical muscle recruitment pattern corresponding to a less economic hamstring muscle activation was demonstrated in the formerly injured group (p<0.05). The injured group also demonstrated a significantly lower strength endurance capacity during the eccentric hamstring exercise. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the vulnerability of the hamstring muscles to football-related injury is related to the complexity and close coherence in the synergistic muscle recruitment of the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus. Discrete differences in neuromuscular coordination and activity distribution, with the biceps femoris partly having to compensate for the lack of endurance capacity of the semitendinosus, probably increase the hamstring injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Schuermans
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Damien Van Tiggelen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Danneels
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Erik Witvrouw
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Department of Physiotherapy, Aspetar, Doha, Qatar
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Azzabou N, Hogrel JY, Carlier PG. NMR based biomarkers to study age-related changes in the human quadriceps. Exp Gerontol 2015; 70:54-60. [PMID: 26122131 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related sarcopenia is a major health issue. To improve elderly person quality of life, it is important to characterize age-associated structural changes within the skeletal muscle. NMR imaging offers quantitative tools to monitor these changes. We scanned 93 subjects: 33 young adults aged between 19 and 27 years old and 60 older adults between 69 and 80 years old. Their physical activity was assessed using a tri-axial accelerometer and they were classified either as active or sedentary. A standard multi-slice multi-echo (MSME) sequence was run and water T2 maps were extracted using a tri-exponential fit. Fat fraction was quantified using three-point Dixon technique. Each quadriceps muscle was characterized by: water T2 mean value, water T2 heterogeneity and the mean fat fraction. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed that water T2 mean values and its heterogeneity indices as well as fat fraction were significantly higher in the elderly group (p<0.05). Only fat fraction was significantly lower in the active group compared to the sedentary one (p<0.05). Linear regression confirmed the significant impact of age on these NMR parameters whereas physical activity impact was not systematic. NMR imaging provided a comprehensive assessment of the aging process impact on skeletal muscle composition. Water T2 increase might be related to changes in fiber typology while increased T2 heterogeneities might correlate with some degree of tissue disorganization, like the development of interstitial fibrosis. Fat fraction and water T2 heterogeneity increase was partly slowed down by physical activity. These changes were not gender dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Azzabou
- Institute of Myology, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France; CEA, I(2)BM, MIRCen, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Yves Hogrel
- Institute of Myology, Neuromuscular Physiology and Evaluation Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Pierre G Carlier
- Institute of Myology, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France; CEA, I(2)BM, MIRCen, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France
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Sakurai Y, Tamura Y, Takeno K, Sato F, Fujitani Y, Hirose T, Kawamori R, Watada H. Association of T2 relaxation time determined by magnetic resonance imaging and intramyocellular lipid content of the soleus muscle in healthy subjects. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 2:356-8. [PMID: 24843513 PMCID: PMC4019302 DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) is a physiological marker of skeletal muscle function. 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an established method to measure IMCL contents in vivo. However, all of the MR systems do not always contain measurement instruments for 1H‐MRS, thus in a clinical setting, alternative methods for estimation of IMCL content are needed. Here, we investigated the association between T1 and T2 relaxation times, determined by MR imaging, and IMCL measured by 1H‐MRS in the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles of 15 healthy male subjects. Intriguingly, in the soleus muscle, but not in the tibialis anterior muscle, T2 relaxation time correlated significantly with IMCL (r = 0.65, P < 0.05). The result suggests the possibility that T2 relaxation time of the soleus muscle can be used to estimate IMCL in a clinical setting. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2011.00108.x, 2011)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Sakurai
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine ; Sportology Center
| | - Kageumi Takeno
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine ; Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes
| | - Takahisa Hirose
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine ; Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine ; Sportology Center ; Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes ; Center for Beta Cell Biology and Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine ; Sportology Center
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Shetty AN, Chiang S, Maletic-Savatic M, Kasprian G, Vannucci M, Lee W. Spatial Mapping of Translational Diffusion Coefficients Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Mathematical Description. CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE. PART A, BRIDGING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH 2014; 43:1-27. [PMID: 27441031 PMCID: PMC4948124 DOI: 10.1002/cmr.a.21288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we discuss the theoretical background for diffusion weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Molecular diffusion is a random process involving thermal Brownian motion. In biological tissues, the underlying microstructures restrict the diffusion of water molecules, making diffusion directionally dependent. Water diffusion in tissue is mathematically characterized by the diffusion tensor, the elements of which contain information about the magnitude and direction of diffusion and is a function of the coordinate system. Thus, it is possible to generate contrast in tissue based primarily on diffusion effects. Expressing diffusion in terms of the measured diffusion coefficient (eigenvalue) in any one direction can lead to errors. Nowhere is this more evident than in white matter, due to the preferential orientation of myelin fibers. The directional dependency is removed by diagonalization of the diffusion tensor, which then yields a set of three eigenvalues and eigenvectors, representing the magnitude and direction of the three orthogonal axes of the diffusion ellipsoid, respectively. For example, the eigenvalue corresponding to the eigenvector along the long axis of the fiber corresponds qualitatively to diffusion with least restriction. Determination of the principal values of the diffusion tensor and various anisotropic indices provides structural information. We review the use of diffusion measurements using the modified Stejskal-Tanner diffusion equation. The anisotropy is analyzed by decomposing the diffusion tensor based on symmetrical properties describing the geometry of diffusion tensor. We further describe diffusion tensor properties in visualizing fiber tract organization of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil N Shetty
- Texas Children's Pavilion for Women, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston 77030, TX
| | - Sharon Chiang
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Mirjana Maletic-Savatic
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Program in Developmental Biology Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Texas Children's Pavilion for Women, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston 77030, TX
| | | | - Wesley Lee
- Texas Children's Pavilion for Women, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston 77030, TX
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Lumbar muscle dysfunction during remission of unilateral recurrent nonspecific low-back pain: evaluation with muscle functional MRI. Clin J Pain 2013; 29:187-94. [PMID: 23369927 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0b013e31824ed170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES After cessation of a low-back pain (LBP) episode, alterations in trunk muscle behavior, despite recovery from pain, have been hypothesized to play a pathogenic role in the recurrence of LBP. This study aimed to identify the presence of lumbar muscle dysfunction during the remission of recurrent LBP, while performing a low-load trunk-extension movement. METHODS Thirteen participants with unilateral recurrent LBP were tested at least 1 month after cessation of the previous LBP episode and were compared with a healthy control group without any history of LBP (n=13). Also, differences between previously painful and nonpainful sides were examined. Muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging, based on quantitative T2-imaging, was used to examine muscle tissue characteristics (T2 rest) and muscle recruitment (T2 shift) during prone trunk extension. The lumbar multifidus, erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, and psoas were bilaterally visualized on 2 lumbar levels using a T2-weighted (spin-echo multicontrast) magnetic resonance imaging sequence. RESULTS Linear mixed model analysis revealed a significantly lower T2 rest (P=0.044) and a significantly higher T2 shift (P=0.034) solely for the multifidus in the LBP group compared with the control group. No significant differences between pain sides were found. DISCUSSION Lower T2-rest values have been suggested to correlate with a conversion of the multifidus' fiber typing toward the glycolytic muscle spectrum. Elevated T2 shifts correspond with increased levels of metabolic activity in the multifidus in the LBP group, for which several hypotheses can be put forward. Taken together, these findings provide evidence of concurrent alterations in the multifidus structure and activity in individuals with unilateral recurrent LBP, despite being pain free and functionally recovered.
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Psatha M, Wu Z, Gammie FM, Ratkevicius A, Wackerhage H, Lee JH, Redpath TW, Gilbert FJ, Ashcroft GP, Meakin JR, Aspden RM. A longitudinal MRI study of muscle atrophy during lower leg immobilization following ankle fracture. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 35:686-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Water distribution and mobility in meat during the conversion of muscle to meat and ageing and the impacts on fresh meat quality attributes — A review. Meat Sci 2011; 89:111-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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A new method for non-invasive estimation of human muscle fiber type composition. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21956. [PMID: 21760934 PMCID: PMC3131401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been established that excellence in sports with short and long exercise duration requires a high proportion of fast-twitch (FT) or type-II fibers and slow-twitch (ST) or type-I fibers, respectively. Until today, the muscle biopsy method is still accepted as gold standard to measure muscle fiber type composition. Because of its invasive nature and high sampling variance, it would be useful to develop a non-invasive alternative. Methodology Eighty-three control subjects, 15 talented young track-and-field athletes, 51 elite athletes and 14 ex-athletes volunteered to participate in the current study. The carnosine content of all 163 subjects was measured in the gastrocnemius muscle by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Muscle biopsies for fiber typing were taken from 12 untrained males. Principal Findings A significant positive correlation was found between muscle carnosine, measured by 1H-MRS, and percentage area occupied by type II fibers. Explosive athletes had ∼30% higher carnosine levels compared to a reference population, whereas it was ∼20% lower than normal in typical endurance athletes. Similar results were found in young talents and ex-athletes. When active elite runners were ranked according to their best running distance, a negative sigmoidal curve was found between logarithm of running distance and muscle carnosine. Conclusions Muscle carnosine content shows a good reflection of the disciplines of elite track-and-field athletes and is able to distinguish between individual track running distances. The differences between endurance and sprint muscle types is also observed in young talents and former athletes, suggesting this characteristic is genetically determined and can be applied in early talent identification. This quick method provides a valid alternative for the muscle biopsy method. In addition, this technique may also contribute to the diagnosis and monitoring of many conditions and diseases that are characterized by an altered muscle fiber type composition.
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Kobayashi M, Nakamura A, Hasegawa D, Fujita M, Orima H, Takeda S. Evaluation of dystrophic dog pathology by fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging. Muscle Nerve 2009; 40:815-26. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.21384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Schwenzer NF, Martirosian P, Machann J, Schraml C, Steidle G, Claussen CD, Schick F. Aging effects on human calf muscle properties assessed by MRI at 3 Tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 29:1346-54. [PMID: 19472391 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nina F Schwenzer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
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Damez JL, Clerjon S. Meat quality assessment using biophysical methods related to meat structure. Meat Sci 2008; 80:132-49. [PMID: 22063178 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper overviews the biophysical methods developed to gain access to meat structure information. The meat industry needs reliable meat quality information throughout the production process in order to guarantee high-quality meat products for consumers. Fast and non-invasive sensors will shortly be deployed, based on the development of biophysical methods for assessing meat structure. Reliable meat quality information (tenderness, flavour, juiciness, colour) can be provided by a number of different meat structure assessment either by means of mechanical (i.e., Warner-Bratzler shear force), optical (colour measurements, fluorescence) electrical probing or using ultrasonic measurements, electromagnetic waves, NMR, NIR, and so on. These measurements are often used to construct meat structure images that are fusioned and then processed via multi-image analysis, which needs appropriate processing methods. Quality traits related to mechanical properties are often better assessed by methods that take into account the natural anisotropy of meat due to its relatively linear myofibrillar structure. Biophysical methods of assessment can either measure meat component properties directly, or calculate them indirectly by using obvious correlations between one or several biophysical measurements and meat component properties. Taking these calculations and modelling the main relevant biophysical properties involved can help to improve our understanding of meat properties and thus of eating quality.
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Leroi AM, Le Normand L. Physiologie de l’appareil sphinctérien urinaire et anal pour la continence. Prog Urol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1166-7087(07)92325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Traoré AS, Guidoin MF, Marois Y, Zhang Z, Douville Y, Guidoin R, King MW, Legrand AP. Newly developed hybrid suture without lubricant: noninvasive in vivo assessment of biocompatibility with multiparametric MR imaging. J INVEST SURG 2007; 20:121-33. [PMID: 17454397 DOI: 10.1080/08941930701235924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry were used to assess noninvasively the tissue response of a new uncoated hybrid braided suture made from a combination of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polyester (polyethylene terephthalate) (PET) yarns in comparison to a silicone impregnated braided 100% polyester (PET) control suture (Ticron). Both biomaterials were monitored for a period of 30 days following implantation in both incised and nonincised paravertebral rabbit muscles. In all cases, MR images and relaxometry demonstrated that the hybrid suture elicited either a milder or a similar tissue and cellular response compared to the control suture. These findings were confirmed by conventional histological analysis of the surrounding tissues. They also demonstrated that the hybrid suture promoted faster healing in terms of collagen infiltration between the yarns and individual filaments. This milder inflammatory reaction and improved biocompatibility represent a real advantage in the healing performance of sutures for cardiac and vascular surgery, and support the need for continued research and development of hybrid structures. This study also demonstrated the ability of MRI techniques to noninvasively evaluate the biocompatibility of biomaterials. By extending the capacity of MR diagnostic tools from patients to experimental animals, it is now possible to validate the healing performance of foreign materials with statistical reliability and fewer animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amidou S Traoré
- Department of Surgery, Laval University, and Quebec Biomaterials Institute St François d'Assise Hospital, CHUQ, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Perry CN, Cartamil DP, Bernal D, Sepulveda CA, Theilmann RJ, Graham JB, Frank LR. Quantification of red myotomal muscle volume and geometry in the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) and the salmon shark (Lamna ditropis) usingT1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. J Morphol 2007; 268:284-92. [PMID: 17299779 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in conjunction with image and segmentation analysis (i.e., the process of digitally partitioning tissues based on specified MR image characteristics) was evaluated as a noninvasive alternative for differentiating muscle fiber types and quantifying the amounts of slow, red aerobic muscle in the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) and the salmon shark (Lamna ditropis). MRI-determinations of red muscle quantity and position made for the mid-body sections of three mako sharks (73.5-110 cm fork length, FL) are in close agreement (within the 95% confidence intervals) with data obtained for the same sections by the conventional dissection method involving serial cross-sectioning and volumetric analyses, and with previously reported findings for this species. The overall distribution of salmon shark red muscle as a function of body fork length was also found to be consistent with previously acquired serial dissection data for this species; however, MR imaging revealed an anterior shift in peak red muscle cross-sectional area corresponding to an increase in body mass. Moreover, MRI facilitated visualization of the intact and anatomically correct relationship of tendon linking the red muscle and the caudal peduncle. This study thus demonstrates that MRI is effective in acquiring high-resolution three-dimensional digital data with high contrast between different fish tissue types. Relative to serial dissection, MRI allows more precise quantification of the position, volume, and other details about the types of muscle within the fish myotome, while conserving specimen structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron N Perry
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, and VA San Diego Health Care System, USA
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Kinugasa R, Kawakami Y, Fukunaga T. Muscle activation and its distribution within human triceps surae muscles. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2005; 99:1149-56. [PMID: 15890750 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01160.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were 1) to quantify the volume of activated parts within a whole muscle and 2) to examine activated area distributions along the length of muscle. Seven male subjects performed five sets of 10 repetitions of a single-leg calf-raise exercise with the knee fully extended. Transverse relaxation time (T2)-weighted spin echo images were acquired before and immediately after the exercise. A range of pixels with a T2 greater than the mean +1 SD of the region of interest (ROI) from the preexercise image and pixels with a T2 lower than the mean + SD of the ROI from the postexercise image were defined as “active” muscle. The active muscle images were three dimensionally reconstructed, from which the volume of the activated muscle was determined for individual triceps surae (TS) muscles. Our data indicate that ∼46% of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle was activated during the exercise, with activation of the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and soleus (Sol) muscles being ∼35%. In the MG, distal portions had a greater percentage area of activated muscle than the proximal portions ( P < 0.05), which was consistent with the results regarding electromyogram activity. In contrast, regional activation differences were not observed in the LG and Sol. These findings suggest that the amounts of activated muscle and its distribution would be different among TS muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Kinugasa
- Research Center of Sports Sciences, Musashino Univ., 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
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Hug F, Bendahan D, Le Fur Y, Cozzone PJ, Grélot L. Heterogeneity of muscle recruitment pattern during pedaling in professional road cyclists: a magnetic resonance imaging and electromyography study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 92:334-42. [PMID: 15098128 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-004-1096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although a number of studies have been devoted to the analysis of the activity pattern of the muscles involved in pedaling in sedentary subjects and/or amateur cyclists, data on professional cyclists are scarce and the issue of inter-individual differences has never been addressed in detail. In the present series of experiments, we performed a non-invasive investigation using functional magnetic resonance imaging and surface electromyography to determine the pattern of activity of lower limb muscles during two different exhausting pedaling exercises in eight French professional cyclists. Each subject performed an incremental exercise during which electromyographic activity of eight lower limb muscles and respiratory variables were recorded. After a 3-h recovery period, transverse relaxation times (T2) were measured before and just after a standardized constant-load maximal exercise in order to quantify exercise-related T2 changes. The global EMG activity illustrated by the root mean square clearly showed a large inter-individual difference during the incremental exercise regardless of the investigated muscle (variation coefficient up to 81%). In addition, for most of the muscles investigated, the constant-load exercise induced T2 increases, which varied noticeably among the subjects. This high level of variation in the recruitment of lower limb muscles in professional cyclists during both incremental and constant-load exercises is surprising given the homogeneity related to maximal oxygen consumption and training volume. The high degree of expertise of these professional cyclists was not linked to the production of a common pattern of pedaling and our results provide an additional evidence that the nervous system has multiple ways of accomplishing a given motor task, as has been suggested previously by neural control theorists and experimentalists.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Hug
- Laboratoire des Déterminants Physiologiques de l'Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de la Meditérannée (Aix-Marseille II), 163 avenue de Luminy, Marseille, Cedex 09, France.
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Pedersen HT, Ablett S, Martin DR, Mallett MJD, Engelsen SB. Application of the NMR-MOUSE to food emulsions. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2003; 165:49-58. [PMID: 14568516 DOI: 10.1016/s1090-7807(03)00243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The application of the NMR-MObile Universal Surface Explorer (NMR-MOUSE) to study food systems is evaluated using oil-in-water emulsions, and the results are compared to those obtained using a conventional low-field NMR (LF-NMR) instrument. The NMR-MOUSE is a small and portable LF-NMR system with a one-sided magnet layout that is used to replace the conventional magnet and probe on a LF-NMR instrument. The high magnetic field gradients associated with the one-sided MOUSE magnet result in NMR signal decays being dominated by molecular diffusion effects, which makes it possible to discriminate between the NMR signals from oil and water. Different data acquisition parameters as well as different approaches to the analysis of the NMR data from a range of oil-in-water emulsions are evaluated, and it is demonstrated how the concentration of oil and water can be determined from the NMR-MOUSE signals. From these model systems it is concluded that the NMR-MOUSE has good potential for the quantitative analysis of intact food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Pedersen
- Centre for Advanced Food Studies, Department of Dairy and Food Science, Food, Technology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Hatakenaka M. Effect of muscular contraction on magnetization transfer detected at 1.5 T. Magn Reson Med Sci 2003; 2:151-4. [PMID: 16222107 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of rigor (formation of actomyosin complexes) on magnetization transfer was observed with a 1.5 T clinical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging system. The magnetization transfer ratio of chemically skinned (calcium-sensitive) muscle fiber preparations increased much more in a rigor state than in a relaxed state, while that of calcium-insensitive fiber preparations and solutions showed no difference. These results suggest that the formation of actomyosin complexes increased the magnetization transfer ratio. A clinical MR system is not only effective for medical imaging, but also has the potential to demonstrate physiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Hatakenaka
- Department of Radiology, Kyushu University Hospital at Beppu, 4546 Tsurnihara, Tsurumi, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan.
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Vincensini D, Dedieu V, Renou JP, Otal P, Joffre F. Measurements of extracellular volume fraction and capillary permeability in tissues using dynamic spin-lattice relaxometry: studies in rabbit muscles. Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 21:85-93. [PMID: 12670594 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(02)00638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic MR longitudinal R(1) relaxometry after administration of a gadolinium contrast bolus (Gd-DTPA) has been used for in vivo measurements of the extracellular volume fraction (v) and the capillary permeability (k min(-1)) in rabbit muscles to distinguish between red slow- and white fast-twitch muscle fiber types. For this purpose a protocol imaging sequence has been used which allows fast R(1) measurements during the contrast agent uptake. Physiological tissue parameters, k and v, were obtained by computing procedures assuming a simplified monoexponential plasma model. These were shown to be about twice as large in the slow-twitch semimembranosous proprius muscle (SP), containing 100% oxidative type-I fiber, that in the fast-twitch rectus femorus muscle (RF), containing only 6% type-I fiber type. The capillary permeability has been found to be 0.25 +/- 0.02 min(-1) for the (SP) and 0.10 +/- 0.01 min(-1) for the (RF). Similarly, the extracellular volume fractions were 0.189 +/- 0.015 and 0.082 +/- 0.006 respectively, in close agreement with literature data and experimental results obtained by invasive radionuclide measurements. For the pool of the 10 studied animals, no significant variation among animals was observed in the extracellular volume fraction and the capillary permeability for the different muscle fiber types. The dynamic relaxometry method used is easy to implement on conventional MR imagers and has potential applications in muscle diseases. The method has also potential applications for tissue characterization based on extracellular volume and capillary permeability quantification. In particular, the method can be used for the evaluation of tumors and their responses to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vincensini
- Equipe de Chimie Bioinorganique Médicale, Imagerie thérapeutique et diagnostique, ICMT-CNRS FR 1744, Université Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31 062 Toulouse Cedex, France.
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Bertram HC, Rasmussen M, Busk H, Oksbjerg N, Karlsson AH, Andersen HJ. Changes in orcine muscle water characteristics during growth--an in vitro low-field NMR relaxation study. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2002; 157:267-276. [PMID: 12323145 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2002.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of developmental stage and muscle type on the mobility and distribution of water within skeletal muscles, using low-field (1)H-NMR transverse relaxation measurements in vitro on four different porcine muscles (M. longissimus dorsi, M. semitendinosus, M. biceps femoris, M. vastus intermedius) from a total of 48 pigs slaughtered at various weight classes between 25 kg and 150 kg. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed effects of both slaughter weight and muscle type on the transverse relaxation decay. Independent of developmental stage and muscle type, distributed exponential analysis of the NMR T(2) relaxation data imparted the existence of three distinct water populations, T(2b), T(21), and T(22), with relaxation times of approximately 1-10, 45-120, and 200-500 ms, respectively. The most profound change during muscle growth was a shift toward faster relaxation in the intermediate time constant, T(21). It decreased by approx. 24% in all four muscle types during the period from 25 to 150 kg live weight. Determination of dry matter, fat, and protein content in the muscles showed that the changes in relaxation time of the intermediate time constant, T(21), during growth should be ascribed mainly to a change in protein content, as the protein content explained 77% of the variation in the T(21) time constant. Partial least squares (PLS) regression revealed validated correlations in the region of 0.58 to 0.77 between NMR transverse relaxation data and muscle development for all the four muscle types, which indicates that NMR relaxation measurements may be used in the prediction of muscle developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Christine Bertram
- Department of Animal Product Quality, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. HanneC.Bertram.agrsci.dk
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Hatakenaka M, Ueda M, Ishigami K, Otsuka M, Masuda K. Effects of aging on muscle T2 relaxation time: difference between fast- and slow-twitch muscles. Invest Radiol 2001; 36:692-8. [PMID: 11753139 DOI: 10.1097/00004424-200112000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To determine whether the T2 relaxation time of skeletal muscle is affected by aging and to compare the effects of aging between fast- and slow-twitch muscles in a human study. To investigate the mechanisms of age-related changes in T2 relaxation time in an animal (mouse) study. METHODS T2 relaxation times of the soleus (slow-twitch, rich in type I fiber) and gastrocnemius (fast-twitch, rich in type II fiber) muscles were examined in 59 healthy human subjects, 22 to 76 years of age, by clinical magnetic resonance imaging. In mice, T2 relaxation times, fat ratios, and extracellular space ratios (extracellular space/intracellular plus extracellular space) of the spinalis (fast-twitch, rich in type II fiber) muscles were also examined (group of 7 old mice, 24-26 months; group of 7 young mice, 8-10 weeks). RESULTS In the human study, the T2 relaxation time of the gastrocnemius muscle increased significantly with aging (r = 0.53, P < 0.01) while that of the soleus muscle did not. In the animal study, the T2 relaxation time of the spinalis muscle was significantly longer (P < 0.05) and the extracellular space ratio of the spinalis muscle significantly wider (P < 0.01) in old than in young mice. No significant difference in fat ratio was observed between old and young mice. A significant, positive correlation was seen between the extracellular space ratio and T2 relaxation time (r = 0.84, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The T2 relaxation time of fast-twitch muscle increases with aging, due mainly to increased extracellular space, reflecting age-related type II fiber atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hatakenaka
- Department of Radiology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Beppu, Japan 874-0838.
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Reid RW, Foley JM, Jayaraman RC, Prior BM, Meyer RA. Effect of aerobic capacity on the T(2) increase in exercised skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001; 90:897-902. [PMID: 11181598 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.3.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in nuclear magnetic resonance transverse relaxation time (T(2)) of muscle water measured by magnetic resonance imaging after exercise has been correlated with work rate in human subjects. This study compared the T(2) increase in thigh muscles of trained (cycling VO(2 max) = 54.4 +/- 2.7 ml O(2). kg(-1). min(-1), mean +/- SE, n = 8, 4 female) vs. sedentary (31.7 +/- 0.9 ml O(2). kg(-1). min(-1), n = 8, 4 female) subjects after cycling exercise for 6 min at 50 and 90% of the subjects' individually determined VO(2 max). There was no significant difference between groups in the T(2) increase measured in quadriceps muscles within 3 min after the exercises, despite the fact that the absolute work rates were 60% higher in the trained group (253 +/- 15 vs. 159 +/- 21 W for the 90% exercise). In both groups, the increase in T(2) of vastus muscles was twofold greater after the 90% exercise than after the 50% exercise. The recovery of T(2) after the 90% exercise was significantly faster in vastus muscles of the trained compared with the sedentary group (mean recovery half-time 11.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 23.3 +/- 3.7 min). The results show that the increase in muscle T(2) varies with work rate relative to muscle maximum aerobic power, not with absolute work rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Reid
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Prior BM, Ploutz-Snyder LL, Cooper TG, Meyer RA. Fiber type and metabolic dependence of T2 increases in stimulated rat muscles. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001; 90:615-23. [PMID: 11160061 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationships between muscle fiber type, metabolism, and blood flow vs. the increase in skeletal muscle (1)H-NMR transverse relaxation time (T2) after stimulation. Triceps surae muscles of anesthetized rats were stimulated in situ at 1-10 Hz for 6 min, and T2 was calculated from (1)H-NMR images acquired at 4.7 T immediately after stimulation. At low-to-intermediate frequencies (1-5 Hz), the stimulation-induced T2 increase was greater in the superficial, fast-twitch white portion of the gastrocnemius muscle compared with the deeper, more aerobic muscles of the triceps surae group. Although whole triceps muscle area changed in parallel with T2 after stimulation when blood flow was intact, clamping of the femoral artery during stimulation prevented an increase in muscle area but not an increase in T2. Partial inhibition of lactic acid production with iodoacetate diminished intracellular acidification (measured by (31)P-NMR spectroscopy) during brief (1.5 min) stimulation but had no significant effect either on estimated osmolite accumulation or on muscle T2 after stimulation. Depletion of muscle phosphocreatine content by feeding rats beta-guanidinopropionate decreased both estimated osmolite accumulation and T2 after 1.5-min stimulation. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the T2 increase in stimulated muscle is related to osmotically driven shifts of fluid into an intracellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Prior
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Dedieu V, Fau P, Otal P, Renou JP, Emerit V, Joffre F, Vincensini D. Rapid relaxation times measurements by MRI: an in vivo application to contrast agent modeling for muscle fiber types characterization. Magn Reson Imaging 2000; 18:1221-33. [PMID: 11167042 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(00)00222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper is a description of a simulation method to evaluate the contrast in NMR imaging and its aim is to help to optimize the use of contrast media in clinical imaging. Indeed, there is a need to define objective criteria in order to choose among several contrast media the ones that are the most effective and to define their optimal conditions of use, such as: the dose to be injected, the required time after injection to obtain the best enhancement and the optimal imaging sequence parameter values. The method is based on NMR signal simulation in the presence of contrast media and requires the fast measurement of the T1 and T2 relaxation times to obtain the dynamic relaxometry variation of tissues after contrast injection. In this work the fast imaging techniques that are to be described enable the measurement of T1 and T2 with a 30sec temporal resolution on 128*256 matrix images. The accuracy of the method was assessed in rabbit muscles after the injection of two gadolinium chelates (Gd-DTPA and Gd-DOTA) with the aim of improving the in vivo characterization of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fiber types. The simulation results were in close agreement with contrast image analysis and showed, for relevant clinical doses, a small efficacy for both chelates. The interest of the proposed simulation method lies in the fact that it enables to objectively compare the efficacy of different contrast agents, to forecast the efficacy of a given contrast reagent and to define the optimal dose and the optimal imaging sequence parameters that give the best contrast. This simulation method obviates numerous prior experiments to evaluate the benefit expected from different contrast media. The method, which has been evaluated here for muscle investigations is applicable to any tissue analysis and can help to guide the best condition of use of contrast agents in MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dedieu
- Centre Jean Perrin, Service de radiothérapie, 58 rue Montalembert, BP392 63011 Cedex, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Ruiz-Cabello J, Carrero-González B, Avilés P, Santisteban C, Méndez RJ, Ferreirós J, Malpica N, Santos A, Gargallo-Viola D, Regadera J. Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of inflammatory lesions in muscular and soft tissues: an experimental infection model induced by Candida albicans. Magn Reson Imaging 1999; 17:1327-34. [PMID: 10576718 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(99)00061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an experimental model to monitor inflammatory lesions in muscle and soft-tissues during the different stages of the disease by means of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI of mice legs infected with Candida albicans was performed by standard two-dimensional spin echo and fast spin echo (RARE) using customized coils. The MRI findings were compared with pathologic examinations at the initial acute and established acute inflammatory stages, which provided accurate and detailed information on the evolution of the processes involved. The yeast caused inflammation within the first hours post-inoculation, appearing on T2-weighted images as an inhomogeneous mass with increased signal intensity. The presence of fungal hyphae was observed as hypointense signal areas in both T2 and T1 weighted images, with histologic confirmation. Areas of decreased signal intensity on T2 weighted images were apparent on the last experimental day and were attributed to the granulation tissue located within the capsule surrounding the abscess. The close correlation found between MRI and histopathology suggests that MRI is an ideal radiologic technique for monitoring the clinical and therapeutic follow-up of fungal infections in muscle and soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ruiz-Cabello
- Department of Chemistry-Physics II, Faculty of Pharmacy, San Carlos Clinic Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well known diagnostic tool in radiology that produces unsurpassed images of the human body, in particular of soft tissue. However, the medical community is often not aware that MRI is an important yet limited segment of magnetic resonance (MR) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as this method is called in basic science. The tremendous morphological information of MR images sometimes conceal the fact that MR signals in general contain much more information, especially on processes on the molecular level. NMR is successfully used in physics, chemistry, and biology to explore and characterize chemical reactions, molecular conformations, biochemical pathways, solid state material, and many other applications that elucidate invisible characteristics of matter and tissue. In medical applications, knowledge of the molecular background of MRI and in particular MR spectroscopy (MRS) is an inevitable basis to understand molecular phenomenon leading to macroscopic effects visible in diagnostic images or spectra. This review shall provide the necessary background to comprehend molecular aspects of magnetic resonance applications in medicine. An introduction into the physical basics aims at an understanding of some of the molecular mechanisms without extended mathematical treatment. The MR typical terminology is explained such that reading of original MR publications could be facilitated for non-MR experts. Applications in MRI and MRS are intended to illustrate the consequences of molecular effects on images and spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boesch
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Noseworthy MD, Kim JK, Stainsby JA, Stanisz GJ, Wright GA. Tracking oxygen effects on MR signal in blood and skeletal muscle during hyperoxia exposure. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999; 9:814-20. [PMID: 10373029 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2586(199906)9:6<814::aid-jmri8>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood and muscle T1 and T2 relaxivity was examined under normoxic (air; 20.8% O2) and hyperoxic (100% O2) conditions to determine whether the oxygenation state of blood in the large vessels and in the microcirculation can be monitored in vivo. The femoral artery/vein and the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were examined in healthy human male volunteers. Arterial blood T1 decreased with hyperoxia, while venous blood T2 increased, due to increased dissolved O2 and decreased deoxyhemoglobin, respectively. A biexponential T2 model of muscle is proposed, where the short T2 component reflects primarily the intracellular and interstitial compartments (in fast exchange), and the long T2 reflects blood. In this model, the long T2 component increased with hyperoxia exposure. This was more evident in slow twitch (soleus) than in fast twitch (gastrocnemius) muscle. It is concluded that changes in the long T2 component reflect change in the microcirculation oxygenation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Noseworthy
- The Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Ontario, Canada.
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Dedieu V, Finat-Duclos F, Renou JP, Joffre F, Vincensini D. In vivo tissue extracellular volume fraction measurement by dynamic spin-lattice MRI relaxometry: application to the characterization of muscle fiber types. Invest Radiol 1999; 34:185-9. [PMID: 10084661 DOI: 10.1097/00004424-199903000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The extracellular volume fraction (v) was estimated in leg rabbit muscles by MRI dynamic longitudinal relaxation rate (R1) relaxometry to distinguish between slow- and fast-twitch muscle fiber types. METHOD The extracellular volume fraction was calculated from the dynamic increase of the longitudinal relaxation rate after intravenous administration of a gadolinium (Gd-DTPA) contrast bolus, assuming a biexponential plasma concentration model. RESULTS It has been shown that the extracellular volume fraction increases with the slow fiber content (oxidative type I); the maximal value (v = 0.186+/-0,018) was obtained in pure slow-twitch muscle fiber (100% type I). CONCLUSION NMR extracellular volume estimates closely agree with those obtained using the more classic invasive isotopic method (99mTc-DTPA) carried out on the same rabbit strain and with data reported in the literature. The method has potential applications to characterize the pathophysiologic status of tissues. It is also applicable to a wide range of tissues and pathologies, in particular for the characterization of malignant tissues and their response to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dedieu
- Service de radiothérapie, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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