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Rani M, Siddiqi RA, Sharma R, Gill BS, Sogi DS. Functional and structural properties of gliadin as influenced by pH, extraction protocols, and wheat cultivars. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123484. [PMID: 36731704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Gliadin, owing to its low cost, ease to extract, high foaming capacity, easily available and high surface hydrophobicity, has found a wide range of applications both in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. The functional and structural characteristics of gliadin extracted with four extraction protocols from six wheat cultivars were investigated in this study. The surface-active properties of gliadin protein as a function of pH, extraction protocols, and wheat cultivars were compared, including solubility, zeta-potential, foaming properties, emulsion properties, surface hydrophobicity and secondary structure. Overall gliadin extracted using different extraction protocols and from different wheat cultivars was found to be higher in β-turns (24.88-37.91 %), followed by β-sheet (12.81-22.37 %), α-helix (15.13-20.70 %) and lower in random coil (6.53-9.08 %). Varied pH ranges, wheat cultivars, and different extraction protocols were found to have a substantial impact on solubility, zeta potential, foaming stability, emulsion capacity and surface hydrophobicity. The foaming capacity was observed to be more influenced by extraction protocols than wheat cultivars. Emulsion stability showed statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) influence between the wheat cultivars, and a non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) difference among extraction protocols. The functional properties of freeze-dried gliadin extracted using different protocols were found to be pH-dependent. A comprehensive understanding of how the structural, surface active and functional properties of gliadin are influenced by the extraction protocols and wheat cultivars will enable us to understand the gliadin better and broaden its use for both food and non-food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Raashid Ahmad Siddiqi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Ritika Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Balmeet Singh Gill
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Dalbir Singh Sogi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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2
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Devnani B, Moran GC, Grossmann L. Extraction, Composition, Functionality, and Utilization of Brewer’s Spent Grain Protein in Food Formulations. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071543. [PMID: 37048364 PMCID: PMC10093925 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, brewer’s spent grain (BSG) has gained attention as a plant-based protein source because it occurs in large quantities as a by-product of beer brewing. BSG can contribute to future food requirements and support the development of a circular economy. In light of the dynamic developments in this area, this review aims to understand the proteins present in BSG, and the effect of extraction techniques and conditions on the composition, physicochemical, and techno-functional properties of the obtained protein extracts. The water-insoluble hordeins and glutelins form the major protein fractions in BSG. Depending on the beer brewing process, the extraction technique, and conditions, the BSG protein isolates predominantly contain B, C, and ϒ hordeins, and exhibit a broad molecular weight distribution ranging between <5 kDa and >250 kDa. While the BSG isolates obtained through chemical extraction methods seem promising to obtain gelled food products, physical and enzymatic modifications of BSG proteins through ultrasound and proteolytic hydrolysis offer an effective way to produce soluble and functional protein isolates with good emulsifying and foaming capabilities. Specifically tailored protein extracts to suit different applications can thus be obtained from BSG, highlighting that it is a highly valuable protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Devnani
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Galo Chuchuca Moran
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Lutz Grossmann
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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3
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Comparative Characterization of Grain Protein Content and Composition by Chromatography-Based Separation Methods (SE-HPLC and RP-HPLC) of Ten Wheat Varieties Grown in Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Algeria. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9120443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize and compare the protein quality of ten durum wheat genotypes grown under three cropping modalities in Algeria (subhumid in Algiers, subhumid-semiarid in Constantine, and semiarid in Sétif), the protein profile of their kernels was performed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (SE-HPLC and RP-HPLC). The “variety” factor has a major impact, mainly on the insoluble fraction (Fi), on the gliadin/glutenin ratio, on the large and small glutenin aggregates (F1 and F2, respectively), and on ω-gliadins and high molecular weight albumins (F3). Conversely, the total protein content and the albumin-globulin fraction (F5) depend mainly on the environment. The α- β- and γ-gliadins (F4) are equally dependent on variety and environment. The subhumid-semiarid agroecological conditions of Constantine (SH-SA) favored an important accumulation of proteins (14.1%), particularly by an increased synthesis of omega gliadins and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), compared to those of Algiers (SH) and Sétif (SA). For these latter environments, metabolic-type proteins are predominant, reflected in a higher F5 fraction (p < 0.05) (albumin and globulin), and significantly more alpha-beta and gamma gliadins. The use of chromatographic analyses to characterize wheat genotypes remains a reliable tool for breeding and variety promotion programs and can provide a better understanding of the ecophysiology of cereal crops.
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Yang L, Wen Y, Wang D, Lian X, Guo J, Zhao Z, Deng J. Effects of ɑβ+ω1,2‐Gliadin and ω5‐Gliadin on Retrogradation of Wheat Amylose/Amylopectin. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134 P. R. China
| | - Yan Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134 P. R. China
| | - Danli Wang
- School of Science Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134 P. R. China
| | - Xijun Lian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134 P. R. China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Tianjin Gui Faxiang 18th Street Ma Hua Food Co., Ltd. Tianjin 300222 P. R. China
| | - Jiajin Deng
- Tianjin Gui Faxiang 18th Street Ma Hua Food Co., Ltd. Tianjin 300222 P. R. China
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Huérfano X, Estavillo JM, Duñabeitia MK, González-Moro MB, González-Murua C, Fuertes-Mendizábal T. Response of Wheat Storage Proteins and Breadmaking Quality to Dimethylpyrazole-Based Nitrification Inhibitors under Different Nitrogen Fertilization Splitting Strategies. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040703. [PMID: 33917372 PMCID: PMC8067339 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improving fertilizer nitrogen (N) use efficiency is essential to increase crop productivity and avoid environmental damage. This study was conducted during four crop cycles of winter wheat under humid Mediterranean conditions (Araba, northern Spain). The effects of N-fertilization splitting and the application of the nitrification inhibitors (NIs) 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA) as strategies to improve grain quality were examined. The hypothesis of this study was to test if the partial ammonium nutrition and the reduction of fertilizer losses presumably induced by the application of NIs can modify the grain gliadin and glutenin protein contents and the breadmaking quality (dough rheological properties). Among both NIs assayed, only DMPP showed a slight effect of decreasing the omega gliadin fraction, following splitting either two or three times, although this effect was dependent on the year and was not reflected in terms of dough extensibility. The slight decreases observed in grain quality in terms of dough strength and glutenin content induced by DMPP suggest that DMPSA is more promising in terms of maintaining grain quality. Nonetheless, these poor effects exerted by NI application on grain quality parameters did not lead to changes in the quality parameters defining the flour aptitudes for breadmaking.
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Wang Q, Tang Y, Yang Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Li L, Wang Q, Ming J. Interaction between wheat gliadin and quercetin under different pH conditions analyzed by multi-spectroscopy methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 229:117937. [PMID: 31865099 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols have been known to have significant binding affinity for proteins, and the specific condition (such as pH) could affect the degree of binding, the formation of covalent bond, and non-covalent interaction. In this study, characteristics of binding quercetin (Q) to wheat gliadin (G) which is a strong food allergen, were studied from pH 2.0 to pH 9.0. The results showed that Q quenched the fluorescence intensity of G by dynamic and static quenching modes and the stoichiometry of binding was close to 1. Intermolecular binding distances were smaller than 8 nm. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that hydrophobic force took charge of the formation of complexes at pH 2.0-4.0, whereas hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces at pH 5.0-9.0. Analyses of the Fourier transform infrared and the Raman spectra along with synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed secondary and tertiary structural alterations and microenvironmental changed around protein fluorophores upon complexation with Q. The gauche-gauche-trans conformation increased at the expenses of the gauche-gauche-gauche conformation and the transition from β-turn and random coil to α-helix and β-sheet at pH 5.0 might decrease the allergenicity of G. These results provided new insights into G/Q interactions at different pH values, which may have potentials in decreasing allergen immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwan Tang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxuan Yang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichun Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ming
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Xijun L, Zuo Y, Jiang R, Yang L, Kang Z, Zhao Z. Effects of Alcohol Extracts of Gluten on Oil Uptake of Fried Mahua. STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xijun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food BiotechnologySchool of Biotechnology and Food ScienceTianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134 P. R. China
| | - Yanxin Zuo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food BiotechnologySchool of Biotechnology and Food ScienceTianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134 P. R. China
| | - Rongxia Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food BiotechnologySchool of Biotechnology and Food ScienceTianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134 P. R. China
| | - Lu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food BiotechnologySchool of Biotechnology and Food ScienceTianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134 P. R. China
| | - Zonghua Kang
- Tianjin Gui Faxiang 18th Street Fried Mahua Food Co., Ltd. Tianjin 300222 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Tianjin Gui Faxiang 18th Street Fried Mahua Food Co., Ltd. Tianjin 300222 P. R. China
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8
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Iskierko Z, Sharma PS, Noworyta KR, Borowicz P, Cieplak M, Kutner W, Bossi AM. Selective PQQPFPQQ Gluten Epitope Chemical Sensor with a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Recognition Unit and an Extended-Gate Field-Effect Transistor Transduction Unit. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4537-4543. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Iskierko
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Piyush S. Sharma
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (IPC PAS), Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof R. Noworyta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (IPC PAS), Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Borowicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (IPC PAS), Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Cieplak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (IPC PAS), Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Kutner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (IPC PAS), Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw 01-815, Poland
| | - Alessandra Maria Bossi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Sakandar HA, Kubow S, Azadi B, Faryal R, Ali B, Ghazanfar S, Quraishi UM, Imran M. Wheat Fermentation With Enterococcus mundtii QAUSD01 and Wickerhamomyces anomalus QAUWA03 Consortia Induces Concurrent Gliadin and Phytic Acid Degradation and Inhibits Gliadin Toxicity in Caco-2 Monolayers. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3312. [PMID: 30853955 PMCID: PMC6396733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Foods containing high amounts of either phytic acid or gliadin can pose a risk for development of iron deficiency and celiac disease, respectively. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of preselected gliadin degrading strains, Enterococcus mundtii QAUSD01 and Wickerhamomyces anomalus QAUWA03, on phytic acid and gliadin degradation in six wheat cultivars (Lasani 2008, Seher 2006, Chakwal 97, Shafaq 2006, Bars 2009, Barani 83). Tight junction proteins, trans-epithelial resistance (TER) and ruffle formation in Caco-2 cells were evaluated relative to Saccharomyces cerevisiae-mediated fermented and unfermented controls. Phytic acid degradation was demonstrated in all six cultivars fermented with E. mundtii QAUSD01 and W. anomalus QAUWA03 consortia. Among the six fermented cultivars, Shafaq 2006 showed relatively higher degradation of gliadin. In comparison to the other tested wheat varieties, fermentation of Lasani 2006 was associated with minimal toxic effects on Caco-2 cells in terms of ruffle formation, tight junction proteins and TER, which can be attributed to extensive degradation of toxic gliadin fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Arbab Sakandar
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Stan Kubow
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Behnam Azadi
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Rani Faryal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Barkat Ali
- Food Sciences Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Umar Masood Quraishi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zhang Y, Hu M, Liu Q, Sun L, Chen X, Lv L, Liu Y, Jia X, Li H. Deletion of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in wheat significantly reduced dough strength and bread-baking quality. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:319. [PMID: 30509162 PMCID: PMC6276161 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) play important roles in the elasticity of dough made from wheat. The HMW-GS null line is useful for studying the contribution of HMW-GS to the end-use quality of wheat. METHODS In a previous work, we cloned the Glu-1Ebx gene from Thinopyrum bessarabicum and introduced it into the wheat cultivar, Bobwhite. In addition to lines expressing the Glu-1Ebx gene, we also obtained a transgenic line (LH-11) with all the HMW-GS genes silenced. The HMW-GS deletion was stably inherited as a dominant and conformed to Mendel's laws. Expression levels of HMW-GS were determined by RT-PCR and epigenetic changes in methylation patterns and small RNAs were analyzed. Glutenins and gliadins were separated and quantitated by reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Measurement of glutenin macropolymer, and analysis of agronomic traits and end-use quality were also performed. RESULTS DNA methylation and the presence of small double-stranded RNA may be the causes of post-transcriptional gene silencing in LH-11. The accumulation rate and final content of glutenin macropolymer (GMP) in LH-11 were significantly lower than in wild-type (WT) Bobwhite. The total protein content was not significantly affected as the total gliadin content increased in LH-11 compared to WT. Deletion of HMW-GS also changed the content of different gliadin fractions. The ratio of ω-gliadin increased, whereas α/β- and γ-gliadins declined in LH-11. The wet gluten content, sedimentation value, development time and stability time of LH-11 were remarkably lower than that of Bobwhite. Bread cannot be made using the flour of LH-11. CONCLUSIONS Post-transcriptional gene silencing through epigenetic changes and RNA inhibition appear to be the causes for the gene expression deficiency in the transgenic line LH-11. The silencing of HMW-GW in LH-11 significantly reduced the dough properties, GMP content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, development time and stability time of flour made from this wheat cultivar. The HMW-GS null line may provide a potential material for biscuit-making because of its low dough strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Zhang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Mengyun Hu
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Lijing Sun
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Xiyong Chen
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Liangjie Lv
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Xu Jia
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichenxi Road, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
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Malalgoda M, Ohm JB, Meinhardt S, Simsek S. Association between gluten protein composition and breadmaking quality characteristics in historical and modern spring wheat. Cereal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maneka Malalgoda
- Department of Plant Sciences; Cereal Science Graduate Program; North Dakota State University; Fargo ND USA
| | - Jae-Bom Ohm
- Cereal Crops Research Unit; USDA-ARS; Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center; Hard Red Spring and Durum Wheat Quality Laboratory; North Dakota State University; Fargo ND USA
| | - Steven Meinhardt
- Department of Plant Pathology; North Dakota State University; Fargo ND USA
| | - Senay Simsek
- Department of Plant Sciences; Cereal Science Graduate Program; North Dakota State University; Fargo ND USA
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Huang X, Kanerva P, Salovaara H, Stoddard FL, Sontag-Strohm T. Proposal for C-Hordein as Reference Material in Gluten Quantification. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2155-2161. [PMID: 28233493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of residual barley prolamin (hordein) in gluten-free products is overestimated by the R5 ELISA method when calibrated against the wheat gliadin standard. The reason for this may be that the composition of the gliadin standard is different from the composition of hordeins. This study showed that the recognition of whole hordein by R5 antibody mainly came from C-hordein, which is more reactive than the other hordeins. The proportion of C-hordein in total hordein ranged from 16 to 33% of common Finnish barley cultivars used in this study and was always higher than that of ω-gliadin, the homologous protein class in the gliadin standard, which may account for the overestimation. Thus, a hordein standard is needed for barley prolamin quantification instead of the gliadin standard. When gluten-free oat flour was spiked with barley flour, the prolamin concentration was overestimated 1.8-2.5 times with the gliadin standard, whereas estimates in the correct range were obtained when the standard was 40% C-hordein mixed with an inert protein. A preparative-scale method was developed to isolate and purify C-hordein, and C-hordein is proposed as a reference material to calibrate barley prolamin quantification in R5-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, PL 66, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Päivi Kanerva
- Fazer Mills, Oy Karl Fazer Ab , Kasakkamäentie 3, P.O Box 40, Lahti FI-15101, Finland
| | - Hannu Salovaara
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, PL 66, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Frederick L Stoddard
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, PL 66, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Tuula Sontag-Strohm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, PL 66, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
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13
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Huang X, Sontag-Strohm T, Stoddard FL, Kato Y. Oxidation of proline decreases immunoreactivity and alters structure of barley prolamin. Food Chem 2017; 214:597-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Liu J, Luo D, Li X, Xu B, Zhang X, Liu J. Effects of inulin on the structure and emulsifying properties of protein components in dough. Food Chem 2016; 210:235-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Huang X, Kanerva P, Salovaara H, Sontag-Strohm T. Degradation of C-hordein by metal-catalysed oxidation. Food Chem 2016; 196:1256-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Barak S, Mudgil D, Khatkar BS. Biochemical and functional properties of wheat gliadins: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:357-68. [PMID: 24915383 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.654863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Gliadins account for 40-50% of the total storage proteins of wheat and are classified into four subcategories, α-, β-, γ-, and ω-gliadins. They have also been classified as ω5-, ω1, 2-, α/β-, and γ-gliadins on the basis of their primary structure and molecular weight. Cysteine residues of gliadins mainly form intramolecular disulfide bonds, although α-gliadins with odd numbers of cysteine residues have also been reported. Gliadins are generally regarded to possess globular protein structure, though recent studies report that the α/β-gliadins have compact globular structures and γ- and ω-gliadins have extended rod-like structures. Newer techniques such as Mass Spectrometry with the development of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) in combination with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) have been employed to determine the molecular weight of purified ω- gliadins and to carry out the direct analysis of bread and durum wheat gliadins. Few gliadin alleles and components, such as Gli-B1b, Gli-B2c and Gli-A2b in bread wheat cultivars, γ-45 in pasta, γ-gliadins in cookies, lower gliadin content for chapatti and alteration in Gli 2 loci in tortillas have been reported to improve the product quality, respectively. Further studies are needed in order to elucidate the precise role of gliadin subgroups in dough strength and product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheweta Barak
- a Department of Dairy & Food Technology , Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy & Food Technology , Mehsana-384002 Gujarat , India
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Zhang Y, Luo G, Liu D, Wang D, Yang W, Sun J, Zhang A, Zhan K. Genome-, Transcriptome- and Proteome-Wide Analyses of the Gliadin Gene Families in Triticum urartu. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131559. [PMID: 26132381 PMCID: PMC4489009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliadins are the major components of storage proteins in wheat grains, and they play an essential role in the dough extensibility and nutritional quality of flour. Because of the large number of the gliadin family members, the high level of sequence identity, and the lack of abundant genomic data for Triticum species, identifying the full complement of gliadin family genes in hexaploid wheat remains challenging. Triticum urartu is a wild diploid wheat species and considered the A-genome donor of polyploid wheat species. The accession PI428198 (G1812) was chosen to determine the complete composition of the gliadin gene families in the wheat A-genome using the available draft genome. Using a PCR-based cloning strategy for genomic DNA and mRNA as well as a bioinformatics analysis of genomic sequence data, 28 gliadin genes were characterized. Of these genes, 23 were α-gliadin genes, three were γ-gliadin genes and two were ω-gliadin genes. An RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) survey of the dynamic expression patterns of gliadin genes revealed that their synthesis in immature grains began prior to 10 days post-anthesis (DPA), peaked at 15 DPA and gradually decreased at 20 DPA. The accumulation of proteins encoded by 16 of the expressed gliadin genes was further verified and quantified using proteomic methods. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the homologs of these α-gliadin genes were present in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, which was consistent with T. urartu being the A-genome progenitor species. This study presents a systematic investigation of the gliadin gene families in T. urartu that spans the genome, transcriptome and proteome, and it provides new information to better understand the molecular structure, expression profiles and evolution of the gliadin genes in T. urartu and common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhang
- College of Agronomy/The Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crops in Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangbin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- College of Agronomy/The Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crops in Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (KZ); (AZ)
| | - Kehui Zhan
- College of Agronomy/The Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crops in Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (KZ); (AZ)
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Novoselskaya-Dragovich AY. Genetics and genomics of wheat: Storage proteins, ecological plasticity, and immunity. RUSS J GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279541505004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Tozzi S, Zanna N, Taddei P. Study on the interaction between gliadins and a coumarin as molecular model system of the gliadins-anthocyanidins complexes. Food Chem 2013; 141:3586-97. [PMID: 23993525 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the conformational changes of gliadins (Glia) upon complexation with anthocyanidins (in particular cyanidin, Cya), the interaction of Glia with a coumarin derivative (3-ethoxycarbonylcoumarin, 3-EcC), having a benzocondensed structure similar to that of Cya, has been investigated by NMR, IR, and Raman spectroscopy under acidic and neutral conditions. Raman spectra showed that both molecules produce a similar effect on the Glia structure, i.e. an increase in the α-helix conformation and a decrease in β-sheet and β-turns content. In the presence of both molecules, this effect is more marked; the spectroscopic results showed that both Cya and 3-EcC interact with Glia and 3-EcC favors the complex formation with Glia. The results obtained in this study provide new insights into anthocyanidins-Glia interactions and may have relevance to human health, in the field of the attempts to modify gluten proteins to decrease allergen immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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20
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Bamdad F, Chen L. Antioxidant capacities of fractionated barley hordein hydrolysates in relation to peptide structures. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:493-503. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bamdad
- Department of Agricultural; Food and Nutritional Science; University of Alberta; Edmonton Canada
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Department of Agricultural; Food and Nutritional Science; University of Alberta; Edmonton Canada
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Susanna S, Prabhasankar P. Quality, microstructure, biochemical and immunochemical characteristics of hypoallergenic pasta. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2012; 18:403-11. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013211428217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy, characterized by lifelong intolerance to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. This study aims to develop hypoallergenic pasta using blends of Triticum durum semolina, 40% of other non-wheat flours and additives. Formulated pasta samples were evaluated for product quality characteristics and also subjected to biochemical analysis. Results showed that cooking loss ranged from 6.9% to 7.4%, which were within the acceptable range of 8%. Color change was low and in vitro protein digestibility of the pasta was found to be insignificant. Pasting characteristics of the hypoallergenic flour showed the increased peak viscosity and decreased gelatinization temperature. The scanning electron microscopy results demonstrated less-affected microstructure of gluten network. Texture profile analysis and descriptive sensory analysis revealed that optimized hypoallergenic pasta with xanthan gum as additive was acceptable and comparable with control. SDS-PAGE pattern showed distinct protein profile and decreased intensity, which was supported by Dot-Blot. In conclusion, the hypoallergenic pasta prepared by replacing T durum flour by 40% of other non-gluten flours could be useful for celiac patients because of its low antigenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Susanna
- CSIR–Flour Milling, Baking and Confectionery Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - P Prabhasankar
- CSIR–Flour Milling, Baking and Confectionery Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
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23
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De Vita P, Ficco DB, Luciani A, Vincentini O, Pettoello-Mantovani M, Silano M, Maiuri L, Cattivelli L. A ω-secalin contained decamer shows a celiac disease prevention activity. J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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25
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Flodrová D, Ralplachta J, Benkovská D, Bobálová J. Application of proteomics to hordein screening in the malting process. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2012; 18:323-32. [PMID: 22837436 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the malting process on hordein composition. For this purpose, combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and the method of isotopic peptides labeling iTRAQ was used. Barley proteins are essential components determining the quality of both malt and beer. Since hordeins represent the most abundant proteins accounting for about 40-50% of total protein fraction of mature barley grain, our research was focused on them. In this respect, the proteins of interest were extracted from milled samples of barley grain, germinated barley grain (samples collected at different time intervals), green malt and malt, respectively. Particular hordein extracts were firstly fractionated via SDS- PAGE, which was used as a relatively rapid and reliable technique providing information about hordein profile of analyzed samples. Then, separated proteins were in-gel digested and resulting peptides were measured by mass spectrometry. In addition, the chosen proteins, after in-gel digestion, were subjected to the iTRAQ method and the screening of proteins during malting process was evaluated. Our results have revealed that most of the hordein components present in the barley grain can be found in all stages of the malting process as well as in the final malt. The amount of hordeins decreases during the malting process; in the case of C hordein, the protein decrease is approximately 65%. On the other hand, significant degradation of D hordein was detected. The suggested procedure can be used to follow the development of the hordein profile during germination, which is of great technological importance in beer production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Flodrová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic.
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26
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Zhuang Q, Zhang Z, Chen F, Xia G. Comparative and evolutionary analysis of new variants of ω-gliadin genes from three A-genome diploid wheats. J Appl Genet 2011; 53:125-31. [PMID: 22072274 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-011-0075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cloning strategy was applied to isolate ω-gliadin sequences from three A-genome diploid wheats (Triticum monococcum, T. boeoticum and T. urartu). Amplicon lengths varied from 744 and 1,044 bp, and those of the corresponding deduced mature proteins from 248 to 348 residues. The primary structure of the deduced polypeptides comprised a short N- and C-terminal conserved domain, and a long, variable repetitive domain. A phylogenetic analysis recognised several clades: the first consisted of three T. aestivum sequences; the second and the third two T. boeoticum and six T. monococcum sequences; and the rest four T. urartu and three T. aestivum sequences. Among the functional (non-pseudogene) ARQ/E-type ω-gliadin sequences, two were derived from T. boeoticum and three from T. monococcum; one of the latter sequences appeared to be a chimera originating via illegitimate recombination between the other two T. monococcum sequences. None of the 12 intact ω-gliadin sequences contained any cysteine or methionine residues. We discussed the variation and evolution of A-genome ω-gliadin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhuang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People's Republic of China
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A comparative study of different bio-processing methods for reduction in wheat flour allergens. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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JIN BEI, LI LIN, FENG ZONGCAI, LI BING, LIU GUOQIN, ZHU YUKUI. INVESTIGATION OF HORDEINS DURING BREWING AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON BEER HAZE BY PROTEOME ANALYSIS. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Georgiev S, Dekova T. Gluten: A Natural Biopolymer. Biopolymers 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118164792.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Melnikova NV, Kudryavtseva AV, Kudryavtsev AM. Catalogue of alleles of gliadin-coding loci in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Biochimie 2011; 94:551-7. [PMID: 21946233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gliadins are seed storage proteins which are characterized by high intervarietal polymorphism and can be used as genetic markers. As a result of our work, a considerably extended catalogue of allelic variants of gliadin component blocks was compiled for durum wheat; 74 allelic variants for four gliadin-coding loci were identified for the first time. The extended catalogue includes a total of 131 allelic variants: 16 for locus Gli-A1(d), 19 for locus Gli-B1(d), 41 for locus Gli-A2(d), and 55 for locus Gli-B2(d). The electrophoretic pattern of the standard cultivar and a diagram are provided for every block identified. The number of alleles per family is quite small for loci Gli-A1(d) and Gli-B1(d) of durum wheat, as contrasted to loci Gli-A2(d) and Gli-B2(d) that are characterized by large families including many alleles. The presence of large block families determines a higher diversity of durum wheat for loci Gli-A2(d) and Gli-B2(d) as compared to Gli-A1(d) and Gli-B1(d). The catalogue of allelic variants of gliadin component blocks can be used by seed farmers to identify durum wheat cultivars and evaluate their purity; by breeders, to obtain homogenous cultivars and control the initial stages of selection; by gene bank experts, to preserve native varieties and the original biotypic composition of cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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31
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JIN BEI, LI LIN, FENG ZONGCAI, LI BING, LIU GUOQIN, ZHU YUKUI. INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF MALT PROTEIN AND BEER HAZE BY PROTEOME ANALYSIS. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2011.00571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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32
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CHEN FANGUO, YANG LIANG, ZHAO FENG, MIN HAOXIANG, XIA GUANGMIN. Molecular cloning and variation of ω-gliadin genes from a somatic hybrid introgression line II-12 and parents (Triticum aestivum cv. Jinan 177 and Agropyron elongatum). J Genet 2011; 90:137-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-011-0039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Interaction between gliadins and anthocyan derivatives. Food Chem 2011; 129:1100-7. [PMID: 25212343 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of gliadins with some anthocyanins (e.g. myrtillin, malvin, keracyanin, callistephin) and anthocyanidins (e.g. delphinidin, pelargonidin, cyanidin) has been analysed in aqueous solution at pH condition of the stomach, in which these compounds are initially metabolized. NMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods have been employed to determine the anthocyanin binding mode. The spectroscopic data seem to indicate that anthocyans are located along the polypeptide chains of gliadins in a generical molecular interaction between the two moieties. Our data do not exclude that hydrogen bonding interaction too is operating. Anthocyan-gliadins complexes are very soluble in acidic conditions. The results provide new insights into anthocyan-protein interaction and may have relevance to human health.
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Kuktaite R, Plivelic TS, Cerenius Y, Hedenqvist MS, Gällstedt M, Marttila S, Ignell R, Popineau Y, Tranquet O, Shewry PR, Johansson E. Structure and morphology of wheat gluten films: from polymeric protein aggregates toward superstructure arrangements. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1438-48. [PMID: 21434684 DOI: 10.1021/bm200009h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of structure and morphology of extruded wheat gluten (WG) films showed WG protein assemblies elucidated on a range of length scales from nano (4.4 Å and 9 to 10 Å, up to 70 Å) to micro (10 μm). The presence of NaOH in WG films induced a tetragonal structure with unit cell parameters, a = 51.85 Å and c = 40.65 Å, whereas NH(4)OH resulted in a bidimensional hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure with a lattice parameter of 70 Å. In the WG films with NH(4)OH, a highly polymerized protein pattern with intimately mixed glutenins and gliadins bounded through SH/SS interchange reactions was found. A large content of β-sheet structures was also found in these films, and the film structure was oriented in the extrusion direction. In conclusion, this study highlights complexities of the supramolecular structures and conformations of wheat gluten polymeric proteins in biofilms not previously reported for biobased materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramune Kuktaite
- Department of Agriculture-Farming Systems, Technology and Product Quality, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
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Tye-Din JA, Stewart JA, Dromey JA, Beissbarth T, van Heel DA, Tatham A, Henderson K, Mannering SI, Gianfrani C, Jewell DP, Hill AVS, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J, Anderson RP. Comprehensive, quantitative mapping of T cell epitopes in gluten in celiac disease. Sci Transl Med 2010; 2:41ra51. [PMID: 20650871 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease is a genetic condition that results in a debilitating immune reaction in the gut to antigens in grain. The antigenic peptides recognized by the T cells that cause this disease are incompletely defined. Our understanding of the epitopes of pathogenic CD4(+ )T cells is based primarily on responses shown by intestinal T-cells in vitro to hydrolysates or polypeptides of gluten, the causative antigen. A protease-resistant 33-amino acid peptide from wheat alpha-gliadin is the immunodominant antigen, but little is known about the spectrum of T cell epitopes in rye and barley or the hierarchy of immunodominance and consistency of recognition of T-cell epitopes in vivo. We induced polyclonal gluten-specific T cells in the peripheral blood of celiac patients by feeding them cereal and performed a comprehensive, unbiased analysis of responses to all celiac toxic prolamins, a class of plant storage protein. The peptides that stimulated T cells were the same among patients who ate the same cereal, but were different after wheat, barley and rye ingestion. Unexpectedly, a sequence from omega-gliadin (wheat) and C-hordein (barley) but not alpha-gliadin was immunodominant regardless of the grain consumed. Furthermore, T cells specific for just three peptides accounted for the majority of gluten-specific T cells, and their recognition of gluten peptides was highly redundant. Our findings show that pathogenic T cells in celiac disease show limited diversity, and therefore suggest that peptide-based therapeutics for this disease and potentially other strongly HLA-restricted immune diseases should be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Tye-Din
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Chanput W, Nakai S, Theerakulkait C. Introduction of New Computer Softwares for Classification and Prediction Purposes of Bioactive Peptides: Case Study in Antioxidative Tripeptides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910902927102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Gupta M, Abu-Ghannam N, Gallaghar E. Barley for Brewing: Characteristic Changes during Malting, Brewing and Applications of its By-Products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:318-328. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Haward SJ, Shewry PR, Miles MJ, Mcmaster TJ. Direct real-time imaging of protein adsorption onto hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Biopolymers 2010; 93:74-84. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Day L, Xu M, Lundin L, Wooster TJ. Interfacial properties of deamidated wheat protein in relation to its ability to stabilise oil-in-water emulsions. Food Hydrocoll 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Structural and expressional analysis of the B-hordein genes in Tibetan hull-less barley. Genetica 2009; 138:227-39. [PMID: 19856114 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-009-9415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The B-hordein gene family was analyzed from two Tibetan hull-less barley cultivars Z09 and Z26 (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare). Fourteen B-hordein genes, designated BZ09-2 to BZ09-5 (from Z09) and BZ26-1 to BZ26-10 (from Z26), were sequenced. Seven of them, similar to a previously reported BZ09-1 from Z09, were predicted to encode putative active proteins each with a signal peptide, a repetitive domain, and a C-terminal region; seven of them were predicted to be pseudogenes. The B-hordein gene family was analyzed using all known representatives of B-hordein sequences and two most similar LMW-GSs of Triticum aestivum. Alignment of these seven putative proteins with known B-hordeins and two most similar LMW-GSs of T. aestivum revealed that they shared a common motif. A large variation was observed between numbers of repeat units of predicted B-hordeins of Z26 and Z09. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all BZ26 clones were clustered in a subgroup, and BZ09-1 formed another subgroup by itself in the putative eight active genes. In addition, six 5'-upstream regulatory sequences of the B-hordein genes were isolated from the two accessions by a single oligonucleotide nested PCR, and several different mutations were identified in the cis-acting element GLM and two distinctive sequences (Z09P-2 and Z26P-3). Phylogenetic analysis of 5'-upstream regulatory regions of the B-hordein genes showed that members from the same accession were clustered together except for two distinct members. Quantitative real time PCR analysis indicated distinct expression levels of B-hordein genes in four developing stages of developing grains in two accessions. These findings suggest B-hordein genes have intrinsic differences between accessions, and this knowledge will be useful for incorporating the B-hordeins protein in barley breeding programs.
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Banc A, Desbat B, Renard D, Popineau Y, Mangavel C, Navailles L. Exploring the interactions of gliadins with model membranes: effect of confined geometry and interfaces. Biopolymers 2009; 91:610-22. [PMID: 19301297 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms leading to the assembly of wheat storage proteins into proteins bodies within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of endosperm cells are unresolved today. In this work, physical chemistry parameters which could be involved in these processes were explored. To model the confined environment of proteins within the ER, the dynamic behavior of gamma-gliadins inserted inside lyotropic lamellar phases was studied using FRAP experiments. The evolution of the diffusion coefficient as a function of the lamellar periodicity enabled to propose the hypothesis of an interaction between gamma-gliadins and membranes. This interaction was further studied with the help of phospholipid Langmuir monolayers. gamma- and omega-gliadins were injected under DMPC and DMPG monolayers and the two-dimensional (2D) systems were studied by Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), and surface tension measurements. Results showed that both gliadins adsorbed under phospholipid monolayers, considered as biological membrane models, and formed micrometer-sized domains at equilibrium. However, their thicknesses, probed by reflectance measurements, were different: omega-gliadins aggregates displayed a constant thickness, consistent with a monolayer, while the thickness of gamma-gliadins aggregates increased with the quantity of protein injected. These different behaviors could find some explanations in the difference of aminoacid sequence distribution: an alternate repeated - unrepeated domain within gamma-gliadin sequence, while one unique repeated domain was present within omega-gliadin sequence. All these findings enabled to propose a model of gliadins self-assembly via a membrane interface and to highlight the predominant role of wheat prolamin repeated domain in the membrane interaction. In the biological context, these results would mean that the repeated domain could be considered as an anchor for the interaction with the ER membrane and a nucleus point for the formation and growth of protein bodies within endosperm cells. (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 610-622, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The "Published Online" date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Banc
- Université Bordeaux-1 CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul-Pascal, Pessac, France
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Han ZX, Qian G, Pan ZF, Deng GB, Wu F, Tang YW, Qiang XL, Yu MQ. Cloning and characterization of four B-hordein genes from Tibetan hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 33:937-47. [PMID: 17046594 DOI: 10.1016/s0379-4172(06)60128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 08/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Four B-hordein genes, designated BH1-BH4, were cloned using PCR amplification from two hull-less barley cultivars, ZQ7239 and ZQ148, collected from Tibet. The results of sequencing indicated that BH1-BH4 contained complete open reading frames (ORFs). Comparison of their predicted polypeptide sequences with the published sequences suggested that they all share the same basic protein structure. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the deduced amino-acid sequences of BH1-BH4 genes were more closely related to B-hordeins from cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) than to any other prolamins from wild barley and Aegilops tauschii. Comparison of the coding regions of BH1-BH4 genes showed that BH1 had a lower sequence identity to other previously published B-hordeins than the other three B-hordeins obtained in this study. BH1 was then cloned in a bacterial expression vector based on bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. The resulting plasmid produced a 28.15 kDa protein in Escherichia coli. The potential value of B-hordein genes in grain quality improvement of hull-less barley has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Xue Han
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Qi PF, Wei YM, Ouellet T, Chen Q, Tan X, Zheng YL. The gamma-gliadin multigene family in common wheat (Triticum aestivum) and its closely related species. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:168. [PMID: 19383144 PMCID: PMC2685405 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The unique properties of wheat flour primarily depend on gluten, which is the most important source of protein for human being. γ-Gliadins have been considered to be the most ancient of the wheat gluten family. The complex family structure of γ-gliadins complicates the determination of their function. Moreover, γ-gliadins contain several sets of celiac disease epitopes. However, no systematic research has been conducted yet. Results A total of 170 γ-gliadin genes were isolated from common wheat and its closely related species, among which 138 sequences are putatively functional. The ORF lengths of these sequences range from 678 to 1089 bp, and the repetitive region is mainly responsible for the size heterogeneity of γ-gliadins. The repeat motif P(Q/L/S/T/I/V/R/A)F(S/Y/V/Q/I/C/L)P(R/L/S/T/H/C/Y)Q1–2(P(S/L/T/A/F/H)QQ)1–2is repeated from 7 to 22 times. Sequence polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium analyses show that γ-gliadins are highly diverse. Phylogenic analyses indicate that there is no obvious discrimination between Sitopsis and Ae. tauschii at the Gli-1 loci, compared with diploid wheat. According to the number and placement of cysteine residues, we defined nine cysteine patterns and 17 subgroups. Alternatively, we classified γ-gliadins into two types based on the length of repetitive domain. Amino acid composition analyses indicate that there is a wide range of essential amino acids in γ-gliadins, and those γ-gliadins from subgroup SG-10 and SG-12 and γ-gliadins with a short repetitive domain are more nutritional. A screening of toxic epitopes shows that γ-gliadins with a pattern of C9 and γ-gliadins with a short repetitive domain almost lack any epitopes. Conclusion γ-Gliadin sequences in wheat and closely related Aegilops species are diverse. Each group/subgroup contributes differently to nutritional quality and epitope content. It is suggested that the genes with a short repetitive domain are more nutritional and valuable. Therefore, it is possible to breed wheat varieties, the γ-gliadins of which are less, even non-toxic and more nutritional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Qi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, PR China.
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Anderson OD, Gu YQ, Kong X, Lazo GR, Wu J. The wheat omega-gliadin genes: structure and EST analysis. Funct Integr Genomics 2009; 9:397-410. [PMID: 19367421 PMCID: PMC2700870 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-009-0122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A survey and analysis is made of all available omega-gliadin DNA sequences including omega-gliadin genes within a large genomic clone, previously reported gene sequences, and ESTs identified from the large wheat EST collection. A contiguous portion of the Gli-B3 locus is shown to contain two apparently active omega-gliadin genes, two pseudogenes, and four fragments of the 3' portion of omega-gliadin sequences. Comparison of omega-gliadin sequences allows a phylogenetic picture of their relationships and genomes of origin. Results show three groupings of omega-gliadin active gene sequences assigned to each of the three hexaploid wheat genomes, and a fourth group thus far consisting of pseudogenes assigned to the A-genome. Analysis of omega-gliadin ESTs allows reconstruction of two full-length model sequences encoding the AREL- and ARQL-type proteins from the Gli-A3 and Gli-D3 loci, respectively. There is no DNA evidence of multiple active genes from these two loci. In contrast, ESTs allow identification of at least three to four distinct active genes at the Gli-B3 locus of some cultivars. Additional results include more information on the position of cysteines in some omega-gliadin genes and discussion of problems in studying the omega-gliadin gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olin D Anderson
- Genomics and Gene Discovery Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
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Salmanowicz BP, Nowak J. Diversity of monomeric prolamins in triticale cultivars determined by capillary zone electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:2119-2125. [PMID: 19228059 DOI: 10.1021/jf803326z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) analysis of monomeric prolamins (wheat gliadins and rye secalins) covered 28 hexaploid triticale ( Triticosecale x Wittm.) cultivars. The ethanol-soluble proteins were separated on an uncoated fused-silica capillary using the isoelectric 60 mM iminodiacetic (IDA) buffer in conjunction with 20% (v/v) acetonitrile and 0.075% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). For each separation, dynamic coating of the capillary wall with a buffer containing 0.1 M IDA and 0.05% (w/v) hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) was performed. Separations of prolamins provided very good resolution and high reproducibility (<0.8% RSD). Prolamin profiles of all analyzed cultivars showed both qualitative and quantitative differences, including number of peaks, presence or absence of peaks, and area of peaks. The number of prolamin peaks detected in particular triticale cultivars varied from 22 to 28; in total, 56 components were distinguished. The CZE electropherograms of prolamins showed five main groups of protein peaks, in order of mobility alpha-prolamins, beta-prolamins, gamma-prolamins, omega1-prolamins, and omega2-prolamins, with migration times of 6.8-7.7, 7.8-10.4, 10.5-12.2, 12.3-17.4, and 17.5-25.6 min, respectively. Triticale seeds in comparison with wheat contained fewer alpha-prolamins and higher quantity of omega-prolamins. Hierarchical clustering of the investigated cultivars was based on Bhattacharyya distances calculated from the CZE data. The cultivars grouped in four main clusters. The obtained CZE results were compared with A-PAGE data.
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Chemical Composition in Barley Grains and Malt Quality. ADVANCED TOPICS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-01279-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Characterization of two 1D-encoded ω-gliadin subunits closely related to dough strength and pan bread-making quality in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Cereal Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Banc A, Desbat B, Renard D, Popineau Y, Mangavel C, Navailles L. Structure and orientation changes of omega- and gamma-gliadins at the air-water interface: a PM-IRRAS spectroscopy and Brewster angle microscopy study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:13066-13075. [PMID: 18031067 DOI: 10.1021/la702037k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic and molecular structures of omega- and gamma-gliadin monolayers at the air-water interface were studied under compression by three complementary techniques: compression isotherms, polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). For high molecular areas, gliadin films are homogeneous, and a flat orientation of secondary structures relative to the interface is observed. With increasing compression, the nature and orientation of secondary structures changed to minimize the interfacial area. The gamma-gliadin film is the most stable at the air-water interface; its interfacial volume is constant with increasing compression, contrary to omega-gliadin films whose molecules are forced out of the interface. gamma-Gliadin stability at a high level of compression is interpreted by a stacking model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Banc
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UPR 8641-CNRS, Avenue Albert Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac
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Denery-Papini S, Lauriére M, Branlard G, Morisset M, Pecquet C, Choudat D, Merlino M, Pineau F, Popineau Y, Boulenc E, Bouchez-Mahiout I, Bodinier M, Moneret-Vautrin DA. Influence of the allelic variants encoded at the Gli-B1 locus, responsible for a major allergen of wheat, on IgE reactivity for patients suffering from food allergy to wheat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:799-805. [PMID: 17263477 DOI: 10.1021/jf062749k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Wheat presents an important genetic diversity that could be useful to look for cultivars with reduced allergencity. omega5-Gliadins have been described as major allergens for wheat allergic patients suffering from wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) and some cases of chronic urticaria (U). Our objective was to study the influence of genetic variability at the Gli-B1 locus encoding for omega5-gliadins on the reactivity of IgE antibodies from these patients. We selected cultivars expressing 13 alleles at Gli-B1 including a wheat/rye translocation and studied the reactivity to gliadins of a rabbit antiserum specific for omega5-gliadins and of IgE from 10 patients. The antiserum and IgE from nine patients with WDEIA and U strongly detected omega5-gliadins expressed by most of the Gli-B1 alleles but showed no or faint responses to the gliadins and secalins extracted from the translocated wheat. The selection of genotypes lacking the Gli-B1 locus may reduce wheat allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Denery-Papini
- Unité de Recherche sur les Biopolymères, leurs Interactions et Assemblages (BIA), INRA, Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes cedex 3, France.
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