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Hummel B, van Oortmerssen JA, Borst C, Harskamp RE, Galenkamp H, Postema PG, van Valkengoed IG. Sex and ethnic differences in unrecognized myocardial infarctions: Observations on recognition and preventive therapies from the multiethnic population-based HELIUS cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND PREVENTION 2024; 20:200237. [PMID: 38283611 PMCID: PMC10818071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2024.200237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies suggest sex differences in the prevalence and characteristics of unrecognized and recognized myocardial infarction (uMI, rMI). Despite increasingly diverse populations, observations are limited in multiethnic contexts. Gaining better understanding may inform policy makers and healthcare professionals on populations at risk of uMI who could benefit from preventive measures. Methods We used baseline data from the multiethnic population-based HELIUS cohort (2011-2015; Amsterdam, the Netherlands). Using logistic regressions, we studied sex differences in the prevalence and proportion of uMIs across ethnic groups. Next, we studied whether symptoms, clinical parameters, and sociocultural factors were associated with uMIs. Finally, we compared secondary preventive therapies in women and men with a uMI or rMI. We relied on pathological Q-waves on a resting electrocardiogram as the electrocardiographic signature for (past) MI. Results Overall, and in Turkish and Moroccan subgroups, the prevalence of uMIs was higher in men than women. The proportion of uMIs was similar in women (21.0%) and men (18.4%), yet varied by ethnicity. In women and men, symptoms (chest pain, dyspnea) and clinical parameters (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia), and in women also lower educational level and diabetes were associated with lower odds of uMIs. Women (0.0%) and men (3.6%) with uMI were unlikely to receive secondary preventive therapies compared to those with rMI (28.1-40.9%). Conclusions The prevalence of uMIs was higher in men than women, and sex differences in the proportion of uMIs varied somewhat across ethnic groups. People with uMIs did not receive adequate preventative medications, posing a risk for recurrent events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn Hummel
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - CharlotteS.M. Borst
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ralf E. Harskamp
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henrike Galenkamp
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviours and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter G. Postema
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irene G.M. van Valkengoed
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - IMPRESS consortium
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviours and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Zhan C, Tang T, Wu E, Zhang Y, He M, Wu R, Bi C, Wang J, Zhang Y, Shen B. From multi-omics approaches to personalized medicine in myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1250340. [PMID: 37965091 PMCID: PMC10642346 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1250340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease characterized by myocardial necrosis resulting from coronary artery ischemia and hypoxia, which can lead to severe complications such as arrhythmia, cardiac rupture, heart failure, and sudden death. Despite being a research hotspot, the etiological mechanism of MI remains unclear. The emergence and widespread use of omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics, have provided new opportunities for exploring the molecular mechanism of MI and identifying a large number of disease biomarkers. However, a single-omics approach has limitations in understanding the complex biological pathways of diseases. The multi-omics approach can reveal the interaction network among molecules at various levels and overcome the limitations of the single-omics approaches. This review focuses on the omics studies of MI, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics. The exploration extended into the domain of multi-omics integrative analysis, accompanied by a compilation of diverse online resources, databases, and tools conducive to these investigations. Additionally, we discussed the role and prospects of multi-omics approaches in personalized medicine, highlighting the potential for improving diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Zhan
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Tang
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Erman Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- KeyLaboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengqiao He
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Bi
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- KeyLaboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingbo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Hogea T, Noemi N, Suciu BA, Brinzaniuc K, Chinezu L, Arbănași EM, Kaller R, Carașca C, Arbănași EM, Vunvulea V, Hălmaciu I, Mureșan AV, Russu E, Ciucanu CC, Radu CM, Radu CC. Increased Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Heart Characteristics Are Correlated with BMI and Predict Silent Myocardial Infarction in Sudden Cardiac Death Subjects: An Autopsy Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2157. [PMID: 37443551 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a significant global public health issue and the leading cause of death worldwide. Its etiopathogenesis is complex and multilayered, involving dynamic factors interacting with a preexistent cardiovascular pathology, frequently unknown, and resulting in cardiac rhythm disorders and cardiac arrest; Methods: This study conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis over a one-year period, identifying 321 autopsy cases of sudden deaths from the Institute of Legal Medicine in Mures County, Romania, in 2019. From the 321 sudden death cases, 189 autopsy reports were selected for analysis based on inclusion and exclusion; Results: The autopsies had a mean age of 61.16 years and included 140 males and 49 females. No significant differences were found between the silent myocardial infarction (SMI) and no-SMI groups regarding demographic data. The SMI group exhibited higher thickness of LV (left ventricle), IV (interventricular septum), EAT LCx (epicardial adipose tissue at left circumflex artery), EAT LAD (epicardial adipose tissue at left anterior descending artery), heart weight, and BMI (body mass index). The left coronary artery showed a higher incidence of type V plaques, while the right coronary artery showed higher incidences of type V and type VI plaque. The SMI group also exhibited a higher incidence of moderate and severe valvular atherosclerosis, severe left ventricle dilatation, and a lower incidence of mild left ventricle dilatation. In addition, the SMI group showed a higher presence of contraction band necrosis on histological examination. Multivariate analysis revealed that type V and type VI plaques for the right and left coronary arteries, moderate and severe valvular atherosclerosis, severe left ventricle dilatation, heart weight, EAT LCx, EAT LAD, LV thickness, IV thickness, BMI, and the presence of contraction band necrosis are all independent predictors of SMI; Conclusions: The findings suggest that SCD is a complex condition, and its etiopathogenesis involves dynamic factors interacting with pre-existing cardiovascular pathology. The risk factors of SCD are similar to those of ischemic heart disease. The findings of this study could guide clinicians in identifying patients at risk of SCD and implementing preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Hogea
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Nagy Noemi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Bogdan Andrei Suciu
- Department of Anatomy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Klara Brinzaniuc
- Department of Anatomy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Laura Chinezu
- Department of Histology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Emil Marian Arbănași
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Réka Kaller
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Cosmin Carașca
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Eliza Mihaela Arbănași
- Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Vlad Vunvulea
- Department of Anatomy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Radiology, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ioana Hălmaciu
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Radiology, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Adrian Vasile Mureșan
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Eliza Russu
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | | | - Casandra Maria Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Corina Carmen Radu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
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Huang YC, Hsu YC, Liu ZY, Lin CH, Tsai R, Chen JS, Chang PC, Liu HT, Lee WC, Wo HT, Chou CC, Wang CC, Wen MS, Kuo CF. Artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiographic screening for left ventricular systolic dysfunction and mortality risk prediction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1070641. [PMID: 36960474 PMCID: PMC10029758 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1070641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) characterized by a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is associated with adverse patient outcomes. We aimed to build a deep neural network (DNN)-based model using standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to screen for LVSD and stratify patient prognosis. Methods This retrospective chart review study was conducted using data from consecutive adults who underwent ECG examinations at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan between October 2007 and December 2019. DNN models were developed to recognize LVSD, defined as LVEF <40%, using original ECG signals or transformed images from 190,359 patients with paired ECG and echocardiogram within 14 days. The 190,359 patients were divided into a training set of 133,225 and a validation set of 57,134. The accuracy of recognizing LVSD and subsequent mortality predictions were tested using ECGs from 190,316 patients with paired data. Of these 190,316 patients, we further selected 49,564 patients with multiple echocardiographic data to predict LVSD incidence. We additionally used data from 1,194,982 patients who underwent ECG only to assess mortality prognostication. External validation was performed using data of 91,425 patients from Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan. Results The mean age of patients in the testing dataset was 63.7 ± 16.3 years (46.3% women), and 8,216 patients (4.3%) had LVSD. The median follow-up period was 3.9 years (interquartile range 1.5-7.9 years). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity of the signal-based DNN (DNN-signal) to identify LVSD were 0.95, 0.91, and 0.86, respectively. DNN signal-predicted LVSD was associated with age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.53-2.62) for all-cause mortality and 6.09 (5.83-6.37) for cardiovascular mortality. In patients with multiple echocardiograms, a positive DNN prediction in patients with preserved LVEF was associated with an adjusted HR (95% CI) of 8.33 (7.71 to 9.00) for incident LVSD. Signal- and image-based DNNs performed equally well in the primary and additional datasets. Conclusion Using DNNs, ECG becomes a low-cost, clinically feasible tool to screen LVSD and facilitate accurate prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chang Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Hsu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhi-Yong Liu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Richard Tsai
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Tien Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ta Wo
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chuan Chou
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shien Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ming-Shien Wen,
| | - Chang-Fu Kuo
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang-Fu Kuo,
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Li Y, Li C, Liu Q, Wang L, Bao AX, Jung JP, Dodlapati S, Sun J, Gao P, Zhang X, Francis J, Molkentin JD, Fu X. Loss of Acta2 in cardiac fibroblasts does not prevent the myofibroblast differentiation or affect the cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 171:117-132. [PMID: 36007455 PMCID: PMC10478266 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In response to myocardial infarction (MI), quiescent cardiac fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts mediating tissue repair. One of the most widely accepted markers of myofibroblast differentiation is the expression of Acta2 which encodes smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMαA) that is assembled into stress fibers. However, the requirement of Acta2/SMαA in the myofibroblast differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts and its role in post-MI cardiac repair remained unknown. To answer these questions, we generated a tamoxifen-inducible cardiac fibroblast-specific Acta2 knockout mouse line. Surprisingly, mice that lacked Acta2 in cardiac fibroblasts had a normal post-MI survival rate. Moreover, Acta2 deletion did not affect the function or histology of infarcted hearts. No difference was detected in the proliferation, migration, or contractility between WT and Acta2-null cardiac myofibroblasts. Acta2-null cardiac myofibroblasts had a normal total filamentous actin level and total actin level. Acta2 deletion caused a significant compensatory increase in the transcription level of non-Acta2 actin isoforms, especially Actg2 and Acta1. Moreover, in myofibroblasts, the transcription levels of cytoplasmic actin isoforms were significantly higher than those of muscle actin isoforms. In addition, we found that myocardin-related transcription factor-A is critical for myofibroblast differentiation but is not required for the compensatory effects of non-Acta2 isoforms. In conclusion, the Acta2 deletion does not prevent the myofibroblast differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts or affect the post-MI cardiac repair, and the increased expression and stress fiber formation of non-SMαA actin isoforms and the functional redundancy between actin isoforms are able to compensate for the loss of Acta2 in cardiac myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Li
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Chaoyang Li
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Qianglin Liu
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Leshan Wang
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Adam X Bao
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jangwook P Jung
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Dodlapati
- Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Jiangwen Sun
- Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Peidong Gao
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Xujia Zhang
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Joseph Francis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xing Fu
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Kaolawanich Y, Boonyasirinant T. Prognostic Value of Adenosine Stress Perfusion Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Older Adults with Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:97-106. [PMID: 35830106 PMCID: PMC9352122 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento: Há dados limitados sobre o valor prognóstico da ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) em estresse em pacientes idosos. Objetivo: Determinar o valor prognóstico da RMC em estresse com adenosina em idosos com doença arterial coronariana (DAC) conhecida ou suspeita. Métodos: Entre 2010 e 2015, pacientes consecutivos com 65 anos ou mais encaminhados para RMC em estresse com adenosina foram acompanhados para a ocorrência de eventos cardíacos graves (morte cardíaca e infarto do miocárdio não-fatal) e eventos cardiovasculares adversos maiores (ECAM) que também incluíram hospitalização por insuficiência cardíaca e acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico. As análises univariadas e multivariadas foram realizadas para determinar o valor prognóstico da isquemia miocárdica, com valor de p <0,05 considerado estatisticamente significante. Resultados: Após um período médio de seguimento de 50,4 meses em 324 pacientes (48% do sexo masculino, 73±7 anos), ocorreram 21 eventos cardíacos graves e 52 ECAM. Pacientes com isquemia miocárdica (n=99) apresentaram taxas significantemente maiores de eventos cardíacos graves (HR 5,25 [IC 95% 2,11-13,04], p<0,001) e ECAM (HR 3,01 [IC 95% 1,75-5,20], p<0,001) do que aqueles sem isquemia. A análise multivariada determinou a isquemia como preditor independente de eventos cardíacos graves (HR 3,14 [IC 95% 1,22-8,07], p=0,02) e ECAM (HR 1,91 [IC 95% 1,02-3,59], p=0,04). A isquemia forneceu um valor prognóstico incremental sobre fatores clínicos e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo para predizer eventos cardíacos graves e ECAM (p<0,01 para ambos). Nenhum evento adverso grave ocorreu durante ou imediatamente após os exames de RMC. Conclusão: A RMC em estresse com adenosina é segura e demonstra valor prognóstico em idosos com DAC conhecida ou suspeita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yodying Kaolawanich
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok - Tailândia
| | - Thananya Boonyasirinant
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok - Tailândia
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7
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Kaolawanich Y, Boonyasirinant T. Valor Prognóstico de Rigidez Aórtica usando Ressonância Magnética Cardiovascular em Idosos com Suspeita ou Confirmação de Doença Arterial Coronariana. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 118:961-971. [PMID: 35613197 PMCID: PMC9368868 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento A rigidez aórtica é considerada um marcador de doença cardiovascular. A ressonância magnética cardiovascular (RMC) permite realizar uma avaliação abrangente da rigidez aórtica e da isquemia miocárdica em um único exame. Entretanto, dados prognósticos relacionados à rigidez aórtica em pacientes idosos permanecem limitados. Objetivo Determinar o valor prognóstico da rigidez aórtica usando a velocidade da onda de pulso (VOP) baseada em RMC em pacientes idosos com doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Métodos Foram cadastrados pacientes consecutivos com idade >70 com indicação para RMC com perfusão de estresse com adenosina incluindo VOP, entre 2010 e 2014. Os pacientes foram acompanhados para verificar a ocorrência de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (MACE), incluindo mortalidade cardíaca, infarto do miocárdio não fatal, hospitalização por insuficiência cardíaca, revascularização tardia (>180 dias após a RMC), e acidente vascular isquêmico. Foram realizadas análises univariadas e multivariadas para determinar os preditores de MACE. Um p-valor <0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados A VOP média foi 13,98±9,00 m/s. Depois de um período mediano de acompanhamento de 59,6 meses em 263 pacientes (55% do sexo feminino, 77±5 anos), ocorreram 61 MACE. Pacientes com VOP elevada (>13,98 m/s) tiveram índices de MACE significativamente mais altos (FC 1,75; IC 95% 1,05-2,94; p=0,03) que os dos pacientes com VOP não elevada (<13,98 m/s). A análise multivariada demonstrou que pressão arterial diastólica, fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda (FEVE), isquemia miocárdica, e VOP elevada são preditores independentes de MACE (p<0,05 para todos). A VOP apresentou um valor prognóstico incremental em relação a dados clínicos, FEVE e isquemia (qui-quadrado global aumentado = 7,25, p=0,01). Conclusão A rigidez aórtica, usando-se a RMC, é um preditor independente forte de eventos cardiovasculares em pacientes idosos com suspeita de DAC ou DAC confirmada.
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Relation of Glycemic Status with Unrecognized MI and the Subsequent Risk of Mortality: The Jackson Heart Study. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 11:100348. [PMID: 35600110 PMCID: PMC9119819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Almost 1/3 to 1/2 of initial myocardial infarctions (MI) may be silent or unrecognized (UMI), which forecasts future clinical events. Further, limited data exist to describe the potential risk for UMI in African-Americans. The relationship of glucose status with UMI was examined in the Jackson Heart Study: a cohort of African-American individuals. Methods and results At baseline, there were 5,073 participants with an initial 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and fasting glucose measured. Of these participants, 106(2.1%) had a UMI, and 268(4.2%) had a recognized MI. This population consisted of 3,233 (63.7%) participants with normal fasting glucose (NFG), 533 (10.5%) with IFG, and 1,039 (20.4%) with DM. Logistic regression investigated the relationship between glucose status and UMI. Cox proportional hazard models determined the significance of all-cause mortality during follow-up by MI status. The sample was 65% female with a mean age of 55.3 ± 12.9 years. Over a mean follow-up of 10.4 years, there were 795 deaths. Relative to NFG, the crude odds ratio (OR) estimates for UMI at baseline with IFG and DM were 1.00(95% CI:0.48–2.14) and 3.22(2.15–4.81), respectively. With adjustment, DM continued to be significantly associated with UMI [2.30 (1.42–3.71)]. Overall, participants with a baseline UMI had an adjusted Hazard ratio (HR) of 2.00(1.39–2.78) of death compared to no prior MI. Compared to those with no MI, those with a recognizedMI had an adjusted HR of 1.70(1.31–2.17) for mortality. Conclusions DM is associated with UMI in African-Americans. Further, a UMI carried similar risk of death compared to those with a recognized MI.
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Espersen C, Modin D, Platz E, Jensen GB, Schnohr P, Prescott E, Gislason G, Møgelvang R, Biering-Sørensen T. Global and regional wall motion abnormalities and incident heart failure in the general population. Int J Cardiol 2022; 357:146-151. [PMID: 35304187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wall Motion Score Index (WMSI) is a simple method to quantify global and regional systolic function on echocardiography. We sought to investigate the prognostic importance of global and regional WMSI for the development of incident heart failure (HF) in the general population. METHODS We included adults without HF or ischemic heart disease from the 4th Copenhagen City Heart Study (2001-2003). At baseline, participants underwent an echocardiography and physical examination and completed a self-administered health questionnaire. WMSI was assessed by conventional echocardiography using a 16-segment model obtaining WMSI assessments for the anterior, lateral, inferior, septal, and posterior left ventricular (LV) walls and calculating a global WMSI. The primary endpoint was incident HF. RESULTS Among 3415 participants (mean age 58 years, 42% male, 45% with hypertension), 83 (2.4%) had hypo-, a-, or dyskinesia of at least one LV wall segment at baseline. During a median follow-up of 15.4 years, 297 (8.7%) participants developed HF. After adjusting for important clinical variables, LV ejection fraction and E/A, hypo-, a- or dyskinesia of at least one segment in any of the LV regional walls was associated with a higher risk of incident HF (HR 3.63, 95% CI 2.15-6.12, p < 0.001). Similarly, global WMSI was independently associated with a higher risk of HF (HR 1.38 per 0.1 increase, 95%CI 1.22-1.56, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Wall motion abnormalities in any regional LV wall and global WMSI were associated with incident HF in this general population cohort independent of various baseline clinical data, LV ejection fraction and E/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Espersen
- Cardiovascular Non-invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Daniel Modin
- Cardiovascular Non-invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elke Platz
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Gorm Boje Jensen
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schnohr
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Prescott
- The Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Cardiovascular Non-invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tor Biering-Sørensen
- Cardiovascular Non-invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wang L, Cai M, Li X, Deng X, Xue Q, Zhou L, Yang M. Association of Acute Perioperative Myocardial Injury With All-Cause Mortality Within 90 Days After Hip Fracture Repair in the Elderly: A Prospective Study. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 2022; 13:21514593211070129. [PMID: 35047229 PMCID: PMC8761883 DOI: 10.1177/21514593211070129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction It remains unclear whether acute perioperative myocardial injury (APMI) increases mortality in the elderly. This study aimed to investigate APMI’s association with mortality within 90 days after hip fracture repair in elderly patients. Materials and Methods This prospective study enrolled elderly patients admitted to the department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics in XXX Hospital, who underwent surgery in 2018–2019 with a 90-day follow-up. According to survival status within 90 days, survival and death groups were constituted. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory indicators and 90-day mortality post-surgery were recorded. APMI’s association with 90-day mortality post-surgery was analyzed by logistic regression. Results Totally 248 participants were enrolled, including 224 and 24 in the survival and death groups, respectively, for a mortality rate of 9.7%. Compared with surviving individuals, the death group was older [81 (75–86) vs 87 (82–89) years], and had higher incidence rates of APMI (24.6% vs 58.3%), intertrochanteric fractures (41.1% vs 62.5%), preoperative atrial fibrillation (8.9% vs 29.2%), and dementia (73.7% vs 95.8%) (all P<.05). They also showed higher pre-injury frail scale scores [1 (0–2) vs 3 (1–4)] and Nottingham hip fracture scores (NHFSs) [4 (4–5) vs 6.5 (5–7)], lower Glomerular filtration [62 (46.1–78.6) vs 44.37 (35–61.92) ml/min], and reduced odds of glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min (75.0% vs 46.9%) (all P < .05). APMI (OR = 3.294, 95% CI: 1.217–8.913) and NHFS (OR = 2.089, 95% CI: 1.353–3.225) independently predicted 90-day mortality post-surgery (all P<.05). Conclusions APMI is associated with increased mortality risk within 90 days after hip fracture repair in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Geratology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Cai
- Department of Geratology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Geratology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- Department of Geratology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Department of Geratology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Geratology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Seki A, Fishbein MC. Age-related cardiovascular changes and diseases. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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12
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Cardiac Dysfunction in Severely Burned Patients: Current Understanding of Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment. Shock 2021; 53:669-678. [PMID: 31626036 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients who experience severe burn injuries face a massive inflammatory response resulting in hemodynamic and cardiovascular complications. Even after immediate and appropriate resuscitation, removal of burn eschar and covering of open areas, burn patients remain at high risk for serious morbidity and mortality. As a result of the massive fluid shifts following the initial injury, along with large volume fluid resuscitation, the cardiovascular system is critically affected. Further, increased inflammation, catecholamine surge, and hypermetabolic syndrome impact cardiac dysfunction, which worsens outcomes of burn patients. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge about the effect of burns on the cardiovascular system.A comprehensive search of the PubMed and Embase databases and manual review of articles involving effects of burns on the cardiovascular system was conducted.Many burn units use multimodal monitors (e.g., transpulmonary thermodilution) to assess hemodynamics and optimize cardiovascular function. Echocardiography is often used for additional evaluations of hemodynamically unstable patients to assess systolic and diastolic function. Due to its noninvasive character, echocardiography can be repeated easily, which allows us to follow patients longitudinally.The use of anabolic and anticatabolic agents has been shown to be beneficial for short- and long-term outcomes of burn survivors. Administration of propranolol (non-selective β-receptor antagonist) or oxandrolone (synthetic testosterone) for up to 12 months post-burn counteracts hypermetabolism during hospital stay and improves cardiac function.A comprehensive understanding of how burns lead to cardiac dysfunction and new therapeutic options could contribute to better outcomes in this patient population.
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Merkler AE, Bartz TM, Kamel H, Soliman EZ, Howard V, Psaty BM, Okin PM, Safford MM, Elkind MSV, Longstreth WT. Silent Myocardial Infarction and Subsequent Ischemic Stroke in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Neurology 2021; 97:e436-e443. [PMID: 34031202 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that silent myocardial infarction (MI) is a risk factor for ischemic stroke, we evaluated the association between silent MI and subsequent ischemic stroke in the Cardiovascular Health Study. METHODS The Cardiovascular Health Study prospectively enrolled community-dwelling individuals ≥65 years of age. We included participants without prevalent stroke or baseline evidence of MI. Our exposures were silent and clinically apparent, overt MI. Silent MI was defined as new evidence of Q-wave MI, without clinical symptoms of MI, on ECGs performed during annual study visits from 1989 to 1999. The primary outcome was incident ischemic stroke. Secondary outcomes were ischemic stroke subtypes: nonlacunar, lacunar, and other/unknown. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to model the association between time-varying MI status (silent, overt, or no MI) and stroke after adjustment for baseline demographics and vascular risk factors. RESULTS Among 4,224 participants, 362 (8.6%) had an incident silent MI, 421 (10.0%) an incident overt MI, and 377 (8.9%) an incident ischemic stroke during a median follow-up of 9.8 years. After adjustment for demographics and comorbidities, silent MI was independently associated with subsequent ischemic stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.21). Overt MI was associated with ischemic stroke both in the short term (HR, 80; 95% CI, 53-119) and long term (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.04-2.44). In secondary analyses, the association between silent MI and stroke was limited to nonlacunar ischemic stroke (HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.36-4.22). CONCLUSION In a community-based sample, we found an association between silent MI and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Merkler
- From the Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit (A.E.M., H.K.), Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.E.M., H.K.), and Departments of Neurology (A.E.M., H.K.) and Medicine (P.M.O., M.M.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), and Departments of Medicine (B.M.P.), Epidemiology (B.M.P., W.T.L.), Health Services (B.M.P.), and Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (V.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; and Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.S.V.E.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.
| | - Traci M Bartz
- From the Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit (A.E.M., H.K.), Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.E.M., H.K.), and Departments of Neurology (A.E.M., H.K.) and Medicine (P.M.O., M.M.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), and Departments of Medicine (B.M.P.), Epidemiology (B.M.P., W.T.L.), Health Services (B.M.P.), and Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (V.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; and Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.S.V.E.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Hooman Kamel
- From the Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit (A.E.M., H.K.), Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.E.M., H.K.), and Departments of Neurology (A.E.M., H.K.) and Medicine (P.M.O., M.M.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), and Departments of Medicine (B.M.P.), Epidemiology (B.M.P., W.T.L.), Health Services (B.M.P.), and Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (V.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; and Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.S.V.E.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- From the Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit (A.E.M., H.K.), Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.E.M., H.K.), and Departments of Neurology (A.E.M., H.K.) and Medicine (P.M.O., M.M.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), and Departments of Medicine (B.M.P.), Epidemiology (B.M.P., W.T.L.), Health Services (B.M.P.), and Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (V.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; and Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.S.V.E.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Virginia Howard
- From the Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit (A.E.M., H.K.), Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.E.M., H.K.), and Departments of Neurology (A.E.M., H.K.) and Medicine (P.M.O., M.M.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), and Departments of Medicine (B.M.P.), Epidemiology (B.M.P., W.T.L.), Health Services (B.M.P.), and Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (V.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; and Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.S.V.E.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- From the Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit (A.E.M., H.K.), Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.E.M., H.K.), and Departments of Neurology (A.E.M., H.K.) and Medicine (P.M.O., M.M.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), and Departments of Medicine (B.M.P.), Epidemiology (B.M.P., W.T.L.), Health Services (B.M.P.), and Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (V.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; and Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.S.V.E.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Peter M Okin
- From the Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit (A.E.M., H.K.), Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.E.M., H.K.), and Departments of Neurology (A.E.M., H.K.) and Medicine (P.M.O., M.M.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), and Departments of Medicine (B.M.P.), Epidemiology (B.M.P., W.T.L.), Health Services (B.M.P.), and Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (V.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; and Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.S.V.E.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Monika M Safford
- From the Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit (A.E.M., H.K.), Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.E.M., H.K.), and Departments of Neurology (A.E.M., H.K.) and Medicine (P.M.O., M.M.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), and Departments of Medicine (B.M.P.), Epidemiology (B.M.P., W.T.L.), Health Services (B.M.P.), and Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (V.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; and Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.S.V.E.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- From the Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit (A.E.M., H.K.), Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.E.M., H.K.), and Departments of Neurology (A.E.M., H.K.) and Medicine (P.M.O., M.M.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), and Departments of Medicine (B.M.P.), Epidemiology (B.M.P., W.T.L.), Health Services (B.M.P.), and Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (V.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; and Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.S.V.E.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - W T Longstreth
- From the Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit (A.E.M., H.K.), Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.E.M., H.K.), and Departments of Neurology (A.E.M., H.K.) and Medicine (P.M.O., M.M.S.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), and Departments of Medicine (B.M.P.), Epidemiology (B.M.P., W.T.L.), Health Services (B.M.P.), and Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Epidemiology (V.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Seattle; and Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.S.V.E.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.S.V.E.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Vigili de Kreutzenberg S. Silent coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes: a narrative review on epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical studies. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2021.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Silent coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the manifestations of heart disease that particularly affects subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). From a clinical point of view, silent CAD represents a constant challenge for the diabetologist, who has to decide whether a patient could or could not be screened for this disease. In the present narrative review, several aspects of silent CAD are considered: the epidemiology of the disease, the associated risk factors, and main studies conducted, in the last 20 years, especially aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of the screening of silent CAD, to improve cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.
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Hsiao FJ, Chen WT, Liu HY, Wang YF, Chen SP, Lai KL, Pan LLH, Wang SJ. Individual pain sensitivity is associated with resting-state cortical activities in healthy individuals but not in patients with migraine: a magnetoencephalography study. J Headache Pain 2020; 21:133. [PMID: 33198621 PMCID: PMC7670775 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-01200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pain sensitivity may determine the risk, severity, prognosis, and efficacy of treatment of clinical pain. Magnetic resonance imaging studies have linked thermal pain sensitivity to changes in brain structure. However, the neural correlates of mechanical pain sensitivity remain to be clarified through investigation of direct neural activities on the resting-state cortical oscillation and synchrony. Methods We recorded the resting-state magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activities of 27 healthy individuals and 30 patients with episodic migraine (EM) and analyzed the source-based oscillatory powers and functional connectivity at 2 to 59 Hz in pain-related cortical regions, which are the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), medial orbitofrontal (MOF) cortex, lateral orbitofrontal (LOF) cortex, insula cortex, primary somatosensory cortex (SI), primary motor cortex (MI), and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The mechanical punctate pain threshold (MPPT) was obtained at the supraorbital area (the first branch of the trigeminal nerve dermatome, V1) and the forearm (the first thoracic nerve dermatome, T1) and further correlated with MEG measures. Results The MPPT is inversely correlated with the resting-state relative powers of gamma oscillation in healthy individuals (all corrected P < 0.05). Specifically, inverse correlation was noted between the MPPT at V1 and gamma powers in the bilateral insula (r = − 0.592 [left] and − 0.529 [right]), PCC (r = − 0.619 and − 0.541) and MI (r = − 0.497 and − 0.549) and between the MPPT at T1 and powers in the left PCC (r = − 0.561) and bilateral MI (r = − 0.509 and − 0.520). Furthermore, resting-state functional connectivity at the delta to beta bands, especially between frontal (MOF, ACC, LOF, and MI), parietal (PCC), and sensorimotor (bilateral SI and MI) regions, showed a positive correlation with the MPPT at V1 and T1 (all corrected P < 0.05). By contrast, in patients with EM, the MPPT was not associated with resting-state cortical activities. Conclusions Pain sensitivity in healthy individuals is associated with the resting-state gamma oscillation and functional connectivity in pain-related cortical regions. Further studies must be conducted in a large population to confirm whether resting-state cortical activities can be an objective measurement of pain sensitivity in individuals without clinical pain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10194-020-01200-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jung Hsiao
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ta Chen
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Feng Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Lai
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Hope Pan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Antiochos P, Ge Y, Steel K, Bingham S, Abdullah S, Mikolich JR, Arai AE, Bandettini WP, Patel AR, Farzaneh-Far A, Heitner JF, Shenoy C, Leung SW, Gonzalez JA, Shah DJ, Raman SV, Ferrari VA, Schulz-Menger J, Stuber M, Simonetti OP, Kwong RY. Imaging of Clinically Unrecognized Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:945-957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ahmad MI, Chevli PA, Barot H, Soliman EZ. Interrelationships Between American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7, ECG Silent Myocardial Infarction, and Cardiovascular Mortality. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011648. [PMID: 30859894 PMCID: PMC6475074 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background We examined the interrelationships among cardiovascular health (CVH), assessed by the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 (LS7) health metrics, silent myocardial infarction (SMI), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods and Results This analysis included 6766 participants without a history of coronary heart disease from the Third Report of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Poor, intermediate, and ideal CVH were defined as an LS7 score of 0 to 4, 5 to 9, and 10 to 14, respectively. SMI was defined as ECG evidence of myocardial infarction without a clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to examine the association of baseline CVH with CVD death stratified by SMI status on follow-up. In multivariable logistic regression models, ideal CVH was associated with 69% lower odds of SMI compared with poor CVH. During a median follow-up of 14 years, 907 CVD deaths occurred. In patients without SMI, intermediate CVH (hazard ratio, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.14-1.74) and poor CVH (hazard ratio, 2.77; 95% CI, 2.10-3.66) were associated with increased risk of CVD mortality, compared with ideal CVH. However, in the presence of SMI, the magnitude of these associations almost doubled (hazard ratio, 2.17 [95% CI, 1.42-3.32] for intermediate CVH and hazard ratio, 6.28 [95% CI, 3.02-13.07] for poor CVH). SMI predicted a significant increased risk of CVD mortality in the intermediate and poor CVH subgroups but a nonsignificant increased risk in the ideal CVH subgroup. Conclusions Ideal CVH is associated with a lower risk of SMI, and concomitant presence of SMI and poor CVH is associated with a worse prognosis. These novel findings underscore the potential role of maintaining ideal CVH in preventing future CVD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imtiaz Ahmad
- 1 Section on Hospital Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC
| | - Parag Anilkumar Chevli
- 1 Section on Hospital Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC
| | - Harsh Barot
- 1 Section on Hospital Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- 2 Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE) Department of Epidemiology and Prevention Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC.,3 Section on Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC
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18
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Biomarkers for infarct diagnosis and rapid rule-out/rule-in of acute myocardial infarction. Herz 2020; 45:509-519. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-020-04943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Yang Y, Li W, Zhu H, Pan XF, Hu Y, Arnott C, Mai W, Cai X, Huang Y. Prognosis of unrecognised myocardial infarction determined by electrocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2020; 369:m1184. [PMID: 32381490 PMCID: PMC7203874 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognosis of unrecognised myocardial infarction determined by electrocardiography (UMI-ECG) or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (UMI-CMR). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTION Prospective cohort studies were included if they reported adjusted relative risks, odds ratios, or hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all cause mortality or cardiovascular outcomes in participants with unrecognised myocardial infarction compared with those without myocardial infarction. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The primary outcomes were composite major adverse cardiac events, all cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality associated with UMI-ECG and UMI-CMR. The secondary outcomes were the risks of recurrent coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Pooled hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were reported. The heterogeneity of outcomes was compared in clinically recognised and unrecognised myocardial infarction. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 30 studies with 253 425 participants and 1 621 920 person years of follow-up. UMI-ECG was associated with increased risks of all cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.30 to 1.73), cardiovascular mortality (2.33, 1.66 to 3.27), and major adverse cardiac events (1.61, 1.38 to 1.89) compared with the absence of myocardial infarction. UMI-CMR was also associated with increased risks of all cause mortality (3.21, 1.43 to 7.23), cardiovascular mortality (10.79, 4.09 to 28.42), and major adverse cardiac events (3.23, 2.10 to 4.95). No major heterogeneity was observed for any primary outcomes between recognised myocardial infarction and UMI-ECG or UMI-CMR. The absolute risk differences were 7.50 (95% confidence interval 4.50 to 10.95) per 1000 person years for all cause mortality, 11.04 (5.48 to 18.84) for cardiovascular mortality, and 27.45 (17.1 to 40.05) for major adverse cardiac events in participants with UMI-ECG compared with those without myocardial infarction. The corresponding data for UMI-CMR were 32.49 (6.32 to 91.58), 37.2 (11.7 to 104.20), and 51.96 (25.63 to 92.04), respectively. CONCLUSIONS UMI-ECG or UMI-CMR is associated with an adverse long term prognosis similar to that of recognised myocardial infarction. Screening for unrecognised myocardial infarction could be useful for risk stratification among patients with a high risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiazhi Road 1, Lunjiao Town, Shunde District, Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Hailan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiazhi Road 1, Lunjiao Town, Shunde District, Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Pan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yunzhao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiazhi Road 1, Lunjiao Town, Shunde District, Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Clare Arnott
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Weiyi Mai
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Department of Scientific Research and Education, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiazhi Road 1, Lunjiao Town, Shunde District, Foshan, 528300, China
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Goldenberg I, Goldkorn R, Shlomo N, Einhorn M, Levitan J, Kuperstein R, Klempfner R, Johnson B. Heart Rate Variability for Risk Assessment of Myocardial Ischemia in Patients Without Known Coronary Artery Disease: The HRV-DETECT (Heart Rate Variability for the Detection of Myocardial Ischemia) Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e014540. [PMID: 31838969 PMCID: PMC6951049 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Detecting significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in the general population is complex and relies on combined assessment of traditional CAD risk factors and noninvasive testing. We hypothesized that a CAD‐specific heart rate variability (HRV) algorithm can be used to improve detection of subclinical or early ischemia in patients without known CAD. Methods and Results Between 2014 and 2018 we prospectively enrolled 1043 patients with low to intermediate pretest probability for CAD who were screened for myocardial ischemia in tertiary medical centers in the United States and Israel. Patients underwent 1‐hour Holter testing, with immediate HRV analysis using the HeartTrends DyDx algorithm, followed by exercise stress echocardiography (n=612) or exercise myocardial perfusion imaging (n=431). The threshold for low HRV was identified using receiver operating characteristic analysis based on sensitivity and specificity. The primary end point was the presence of myocardial ischemia detected by exercise stress echocardiography or exercise myocardial perfusion imaging. The mean age of patients was 61 years and 38% were women. Myocardial ischemia was detected in 66 (6.3%) patients. After adjustment for CAD risk factors and exercise stress testing results, low HRV was independently associated with a significant 2‐fold increased likelihood for myocardial ischemia (odds ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.41–2.89 [P=0.01]). Adding HRV to traditional CAD risk factors significantly improved the pretest probability for myocardial ischemia. Conclusions Our data from a large prospective international clinical study show that short‐term HRV testing can be used as a novel digital‐health modality for enhanced risk assessment in low‐ to intermediate‐risk individuals without known CAD. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01657006, NCT02201017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Goldenberg
- Division of Cardiology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY.,Leviev Heart Center and the Israeli Association for Cardiovascular Trials Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Israel.,Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | | | - Nir Shlomo
- Leviev Heart Center and the Israeli Association for Cardiovascular Trials Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Israel
| | - Michal Einhorn
- Leviev Heart Center and the Israeli Association for Cardiovascular Trials Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Israel
| | | | - Raphael Kuperstein
- Leviev Heart Center and the Israeli Association for Cardiovascular Trials Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Israel
| | - Robert Klempfner
- Leviev Heart Center and the Israeli Association for Cardiovascular Trials Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Israel
| | - Bruce Johnson
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
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21
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Acharya T, Aspelund T, Jonasson TF, Schelbert EB, Cao JJ, Sathya B, Dyke CK, Aletras AH, Sigurdsson S, Thorgeirsson G, Eiriksdottir G, Harris T, Launer LJ, Gudnason V, Arai AE. Association of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction With Long-term Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The ICELAND MI Study. JAMA Cardiol 2019; 3:1101-1106. [PMID: 30304454 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Importance Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can identify unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI) in the general population. Unrecognized myocardial infarction by CMR portends poor prognosis in the short term but, to our knowledge, long-term outcomes are not known. Objective To determine the long-term outcomes of UMI by CMR compared with clinically recognized myocardial infarction (RMI) and no myocardial infarction (MI). Design, Setting, and Participants Participants of the population-based, prospectively enrolled ICELAND MI cohort study (aged 67-93 years) were characterized with CMR at baseline (from January 2004-January 2007) and followed up for up to 13.3 years. Kaplan-Meier time-to-event analyses and a Cox regression were used to assess the association of UMI at baseline with death and future cardiovascular events. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE: death, nonfatal MI, and heart failure). Results Of 935 participants, 452 (48.3%) were men; the mean (SD) age of participants with no MI, UMI, and RMI was 75.6 (5.3) years, 76.8 (5.2) years, and 76.8 (4.7) years, respectively. At 3 years, UMI and no MI mortality rates were similar (3%) and lower than RMI rates (9%). At 5 years, UMI mortality rates (13%) increased and were higher than no MI rates (8%) but still lower than RMI rates (19%). By 10 years, UMI and RMI mortality rates (49% and 51%, respectively) were not statistically different; both were significantly higher than no MI (30%) (P < .001). After adjusting for age, sex, and diabetes, UMI by CMR had an increased risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.27-2.04), MACE (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.26-1.93), MI (HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.45-3.03), and heart failure (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.09-2.14) compared with no MI and statistically nondifferent risk of death (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.71-1.38) and MACE (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.91-1.66) vs RMI. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, all-cause mortality of UMI was higher than no MI, but within 10 years from baseline evaluation was equivalent with RMI. Unrecognized MI was also associated with an elevated risk of nonfatal MI and heart failure. Whether secondary prevention can alter the prognosis of UMI will require prospective testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Acharya
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykyavik, Iceland
| | | | - Erik B Schelbert
- Heart and Vascular Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jane J Cao
- The Heart Center, St Francis Hospital, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook
| | - Bharath Sathya
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Anthony H Aletras
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Tamara Harris
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lenore J Launer
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Andrew E Arai
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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22
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Qureshi WT, Zhang ZM, Chang PP, Rosamond WD, Kitzman DW, Wagenknecht LE, Soliman EZ. Silent Myocardial Infarction and Long-Term Risk of Heart Failure: The ARIC Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 71:1-8. [PMID: 29301615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although silent myocardial infarction (SMI) accounts for about one-half of the total number of myocardial infarctions (MIs), the risk of heart failure (HF) among patients with SMI is not well established. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the association of SMI and clinically manifested myocardial infarction (CMI) with HF, as compared with patients with no MI. METHODS This analysis included 9,243 participants from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) study who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline (ARIC visit 1: 1987 to 1989). SMI was defined as electrocardiographic evidence of MI without CMI after the baseline until ARIC visit 4 (1996 to 1998). HF events were ascertained starting from ARIC visit 4 until 2010 in individuals free of HF before that visit. RESULTS Between ARIC visits 1 and 4, 305 SMIs and 331 CMIs occurred. After ARIC visit 4 and during a median follow-up of 13.0 years, 976 HF events occurred. The incidence rate of HF was higher in both CMI and SMI participants than in those without MI (incidence rates per 1,000 person-years were 30.4, 16.2, and 7.8, respectively; p < 0.001). In a model adjusted for demographics and HF risk factors, both SMI (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 1.78) and CMI (HR: 2.85; 95% CI: 2.31 to 3.51) were associated with increased risk of HF compared with no MI. These associations were consistent in subgroups of participants stratified by several HF risk predictors. However, the risk of HF associated with SMI was stronger in those younger than the median age (53 years) (HR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.00 to 2.75 vs. HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.85 to 1.66, respectively; overall interaction p by MI type <0.001). CONCLUSIONS SMI is associated with an increased risk of HF. Future research is needed to examine the cost effectiveness of screening for SMI as part of HF risk assessment, and to identify preventive therapies to improve the risk of HF among patients with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas T Qureshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Zhu-Ming Zhang
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Patricia P Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wayne D Rosamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dalane W Kitzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina; Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
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Arao K, Mase T, Nakai M, Sekiguchi H, Abe Y, Kuroudu N, Oobayashi O. Concomitant Spontaneous Tension Pneumothorax and Acute Myocardial Infarction. Intern Med 2019; 58:1131-1135. [PMID: 30626814 PMCID: PMC6522419 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1422-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 71-year-old man presented to our hospital for dyspnea lasting for the past 3 days. Chest X-ray and computed tomography demonstrated right tension pneumothorax, and an electrocardiogram suggested acute inferior myocardial infarction. Despite the relief of tension pneumothorax, the electrocardiographic findings were not completely resolved. Emergency coronary angiography demonstrated an occlusive lesion in the right coronary artery, and percutaneous coronary intervention was performed successfully. Thereafter, the chest tube was removed, and he was discharged. While rare, multiple life-threatening diseases that present with similar symptoms can coexist, so a re-evaluation after performing the initial treatment for one of these diseases is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshiro Arao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nerima-Hikarigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mase
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nerima-Hikarigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Mori Nakai
- Division of Internal Medicine, Nerima-Hikarigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Yasunori Abe
- Division of Internal Medicine, Nerima-Hikarigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Naomi Kuroudu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nerima-Hikarigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Ouji Oobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nerima-Hikarigaoka Hospital, Japan
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24
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Tamosiunas A, Petkeviciene J, Radisauskas R, Bernotiene G, Luksiene D, Kavaliauskas M, Milvidaitė I, Virviciute D. Trends in electrocardiographic abnormalities and risk of cardiovascular mortality in Lithuania, 1986-2015. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:30. [PMID: 30700252 PMCID: PMC6354422 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the trends in the prevalence of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities from 1986 to 2015 and impact of ECG abnormalities on risk of death from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the Lithuanian population aged 40–64 years. Methods Data from four surveys carried out in Kaunas city and five randomly selected municipalities of Lithuania were analysed. A resting ECG was recorded and CVD risk factors were measured in each survey. ECG abnormalities were evaluated using Minnesota Code (MC). Trends in age-standardized prevalence of ECG abnormalities were estimated for both sexes. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for coronary heart disease (CHD) and CVD mortality. Net reclassification index (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement and other indices were used for evaluation of improvement in the prediction of CVD and CHD mortality risk after addition of ECG abnormalities variable to Cox models. Results From1986 to 2008, the decrease in the prevalence of Q-QS MC was observed in both genders. The prevalence of high R waves increased in men, while the prevalence of ST segment and T wave abnormalities as well as arrhythmias decreased in women. Ischemic changes and possible MI were associated with a 2.5-fold and 4.4-fold higher risk of death from CVD in men and 1.51-fold and 2.56-fold higher mortality risk from CVD in women as compared to individuals with marginal or no ECG abnormalities. The addition of ECG abnormalities to traditional CVD risk factors improved Cox regression models performance. According to NRI, 18.6% of men were correctly reclassified in CVD mortality prediction model and 25.2% of men - in CHD mortality prediction model. Conclusions the decreasing trends in the prevalence of ischemia on ECG in women and increasing trends in the prevalence of left VH in men were observed. ECG abnormalities were associated with higher risk of CVD mortality. The addition of ECG abnormalities to the prediction models modestly improved the prediction of CVD mortality beyond traditional CVD risk factors. The use of ECG as routine screening to identify high risk individuals for more intensive preventive interventions warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 15, LT-50162, Kaunas, Lithuania. .,Faculty of Public Health, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Janina Petkeviciene
- Faculty of Public Health, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ricardas Radisauskas
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 15, LT-50162, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Faculty of Public Health, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gailute Bernotiene
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 15, LT-50162, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Luksiene
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 15, LT-50162, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Faculty of Public Health, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Kavaliauskas
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Irena Milvidaitė
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 15, LT-50162, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Virviciute
- Institute of Cardiology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 15, LT-50162, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Elffers T, Trompet S, de Mutsert R, Maan A, Lamb H, Macfarlane P, Rosendaal F, Jukema J. Borderline Q-waves in individuals without overt cardiovascular disease: Relations with adiposity, subclinical atherosclerosis and vascular stiffness. Int J Cardiol 2019; 274:331-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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26
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One quarter of total myocardial infarctions are silent manifestation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Cardiol 2019; 73:33-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Weir-McCall J, Bonnici-Mallia M, Ramkumar P, Nath A, Houston J. Whole-body magnetic resonance angiography. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:3-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Stacey RB, Zgibor J, Leaverton PE, Schocken DD, Peregoy JA, Lyles MF, Bertoni AG, Burke GL. Abnormal Fasting Glucose Increases Risk of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarctions in an Elderly Cohort. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 67:43-49. [PMID: 30298627 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate glucose levels as a risk factor for unrecognized myocardial infarctions (UMIs). DESIGN Cohort SETTING: Cardiovascular Health Study. PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 65 and older with fasting glucose measurements (N=4,355; normal fasting glucose (NFG), n = 2,041; impaired fasting glucose (IFG), n = 1,706; DM: n = 608; 40% male, 84% white, mean age 72.4 ± 5.6). MEASUREMENTS The relationship between glucose levels and UMI was examined. Participants with prior coronary heart disease (CHD) or UMI on initial electrocardiography were excluded. Using Minnesota codes, UMI was identified according to the presence of pathological Q-waves or minor Q-waves with ST-T abnormalities. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medication use, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and smoking status. RESULTS Over a mean follow-up of 6 years, there were 459 incident UMIs (NFG, n=202; IFG, n=183; DM, n=74). Participants with IFG were slightly more likely than those with NFG to experience a UMI (hazard ratio (HR)=1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.91-1.36, p = .30), and those with DM were more likely than those with NFG to experience a UMI (HR=1.65, 95% CI=1.25-2.13, p < .001). After adjustment HR for UMI in IFG those with IFG were no more likely than those with NFG to experience a UMI (HR=1.01, 95% CI=0.82-1.24, p = .93), whereas those with DM were more likely than those with NFG to experience a UMI (HR=1.37, 95% CI=1.02-1.81, p = .03). The 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was not statistically significantly associated with UMI. CONCLUSION Fasting glucose status, particularly in the diabetic range, forecasted UMI during 6 years of follow-up in elderly adults. Further studies are needed to clarify the level of glucose at which risk is greater. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:43-49, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Brandon Stacey
- Section on Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Janice Zgibor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Paul E Leaverton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Douglas D Schocken
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer A Peregoy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mary F Lyles
- Departments of Gerontology, School of Medicine Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gregory L Burke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Øhrn AM, Schirmer H, von Hanno T, Mathiesen EB, Arntzen KA, Bertelsen G, Njølstad I, Løchen ML, Wilsgaard T, Bairey Merz CN, Lindekleiv H. Small and large vessel disease in persons with unrecognized compared to recognized myocardial infarction: The Tromsø Study 2007-2008. Int J Cardiol 2018; 253:14-19. [PMID: 29306455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unrecognized myocardial infarction (MI) is a frequent condition with unknown underlying reason. We hypothesized the lack of recognition of MI is related to pathophysiology, specifically differences in underlying small and large vessel disease. METHODS 6128 participants were examined with retinal photography, ultrasound of the carotid artery and a 12‑lead electrocardiography (ECG). Small vessel disease was defined as narrower retinal arterioles and/or wider retinal venules measured on retinal photographs. Large vessel disease was defined as carotid artery pathology. We defined unrecognized MI as ECG-evidence of MI without a clinically recognized event. We analyzed the cross-sectional relationship between MI recognition and markers of small and large vessel disease, adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS Unrecognized MI was present in 502 (8.2%) and recognized MI in 326 (5.3%) of the 6128 participants. Compared to recognized MI, unrecognized MI was associated with small vessel disease indicated by narrower retinal arterioles (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.05-2.62, highest vs. lowest quartile). Unrecognized MI was less associated with wider retinal venules (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35-0.87, lowest vs. highest quartile). Compared to recognized MI, unrecognized MI was less associated with large vessel disease indicated by presence of plaque in the carotid artery (OR for presence of carotid artery plaque in unrecognized MI 0.51, 95% CI 0.37-0.69). No significant sex interaction was present. CONCLUSIONS Unrecognized MI was more associated with small vessel disease and less associated with large vessel disease compared to recognized MI. These findings suggest that the pathophysiology behind unrecognized and recognized MI may differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Milde Øhrn
- Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Research Group, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Therese von Hanno
- Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjell Arne Arntzen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Geir Bertelsen
- Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Research Group, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Inger Njølstad
- Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Research Group, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Research Group, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Research Group, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - C Noel Bairey Merz
- NBM Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Haakon Lindekleiv
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Cha MJ, Kim SM, Kim Y, Kim HS, Cho SJ, Sung J, Choe YH. Unrecognized myocardial infarction detected on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: Association with coronary artery calcium score and cardiovascular risk prediction scores in asymptomatic Asian cohort. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204040. [PMID: 30216389 PMCID: PMC6138379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the association between unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI) assessed with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) and cardiovascular risk prediction scores in asymptomatic Asian subjects. Materials and methods Total 872 asymptomatic subjects without prior cardiovascular event (male:female, 817:55; age, 53.88 ± 5.91) who underwent both CMR and CAC scoring CT were included. UMI were accessed and framingham risk score (FRS) and ASCVD (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease) risk score by ACC/AHA were calculated. Results Late gadolinium enhancement indicating UMI was noted in 23 of 872 subjects (2.64%), but only three of them showed ECG abnormality (13.04%). Subjects with UMI showed higher CAC scores, FRS, and ASCVD scores than those without UMI (p < .001, p = .011 and p = .024, respectively). The prevalence of UMI differed significantly according to the CAC scores as follows: 1% in CAC = 0 (4/403), 1% in 1 ≤ CAC <100 (2/293), 6.1% in 100 ≤ CAC < 400 (7/114) and 14.5% in CAC ≥ 400 (9/62), respectively (p < .001). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis by using CAC score demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.816 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.780–0.848; p < .0001) for predicting UMI, which is superior to FRS [AUC, 0.712; 95% CI, 0.671–0.751; p = .009] and ASCVD risk score [AUC, 0.689; 95% CI, 0.648–0.729; p = .036]. Conclusion The prevalence of UMI increases with increasing burden of CAC and FRS. CAC score is a good discriminator for UMI, superior to FRS and ASCVD score, in asymptomatic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jae Cha
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Mok Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Yiseul Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Su Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Cho
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Prevention & Rehabilitation Center, Heart Vascular & Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hyeon Choe
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Anderson KL, Shah NA, Gallegos M, Chiang IH. Asymptomatic ST elevation myocardial infarction. Heart Lung 2018; 47:363-365. [PMID: 29861276 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 71-year-old non-smoking female with a history of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and end-stage renal disease presented to the emergency department for right leg pain due to an ankle fracture. CASE The patient's initial electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed ST segment elevations in the anterior leads. She denied any chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, lightheadedness, palpitations, nausea or diaphoresis. Her initial laboratory Troponin I resulted 35.9 ng/mL. Coronary catheterization demonstrated 99% occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. The patient had 2 drug eluting stents placed in the LAD with 10% residual stenosis. CONCLUSION Although witnessing an ongoing asymptomatic ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is rare, this case highlights the importance of early revascularization when the ECG demonstrates a STEMI, even in the absence of symptoms for patients at risk for silent myocardial infarctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenton L Anderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 900 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Neel A Shah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Moises Gallegos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - I-Hui Chiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1220 Main St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Stillman AE, Oudkerk M, Bluemke DA, de Boer MJ, Bremerich J, Garcia EV, Gutberlet M, van der Harst P, Hundley WG, Jerosch-Herold M, Kuijpers D, Kwong RY, Nagel E, Lerakis S, Oshinski J, Paul JF, Slart RHJA, Thourani V, Vliegenthart R, Wintersperger BJ. Imaging the myocardial ischemic cascade. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 34:1249-1263. [PMID: 29556943 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-018-1330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging plays a growing role in the diagnosis and management of ischemic heart disease from its earliest manifestations of endothelial dysfunction to myocardial infarction along the myocardial ischemic cascade. Experts representing the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging and the European Society of Cardiac Radiology have worked together to organize the role of non-invasive imaging along the framework of the ischemic cascade. The current status of non-invasive imaging for ischemic heart disease is reviewed along with the role of imaging for guiding surgical planning. The issue of cost effectiveness is also considered. Preclinical disease is primarily assessed through the coronary artery calcium score and used for risk assessment. Once the patient becomes symptomatic, other imaging tests including echocardiography, CCTA, SPECT, PET and CMR may be useful. CCTA appears to be a cost-effective gatekeeper. Post infarction CMR and PET are the preferred modalities. Imaging is increasingly used for surgical planning of patients who may require coronary artery bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur E Stillman
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Matthijs Oudkerk
- Center of Medical Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David A Bluemke
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Menko Jan de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Bremerich
- Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernest V Garcia
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Matthias Gutberlet
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Gregory Hundley
- Departments of Internal Medicine & Radiology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Dirkjan Kuijpers
- Department of Radiology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Y Kwong
- Department of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eike Nagel
- Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - John Oshinski
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Riemer H J A Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Thourani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Øhrn AM, Schirmer H, Njølstad I, Mathiesen EB, Eggen AE, Løchen ML, Wilsgaard T, Lindekleiv H. Electrocardiographic unrecognized myocardial infarction does not improve prediction of cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors. The Tromsø Study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017; 25:78-86. [PMID: 29048217 DOI: 10.1177/2047487317736826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Unrecognized myocardial infarction (MI) is a frequent and intriguing entity associated with a similar risk of death as recognized MI. Previous studies have not fully addressed whether the poor prognosis is explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We investigated whether electrocardiographically detected unrecognized MI was independently associated with cardiovascular events and death and whether it improved prediction for future MI in a general population. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods We studied 5686 women and men without clinically recognized MI at baseline in 2007-2008. We assessed the risk of future MI, stroke and all-cause mortality in persons with unrecognized MI compared with persons with no MI during 31,051 person-years of follow-up. Results In the unadjusted analyses, unrecognized MI was associated with increased risk of future recognized MI (hazard ratio 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-2.96) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.78, 95% CI 1.21-2.61), but not stroke (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% CI 0.56-2.17). The associations did not remain significant after adjustment for traditional risk factors (hazard ratio 1.25, 95% CI 0.76-2.06 and hazard ratio 1.38, 95% CI 0.93-2.05) for MI and all-cause mortality respectively. Unrecognized MI did not improve risk prediction for future recognized MI using the Framingham Risk Score ( p = 0.96) or the European Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation ( p = 0.65). There was no significant sex interaction regarding any of the endpoints. Conclusion Electrocardiographic unrecognized MI was not significantly associated with future risk of MI, stroke or all-cause mortality in the general population after adjustment for the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and it did not improve prediction of future MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Milde Øhrn
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,2 Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- 3 Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Diseases, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,4 Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Inger Njølstad
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- 5 Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,6 Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne E Eggen
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Haakon Lindekleiv
- 3 Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Diseases, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Prevalence of electrocardiographic unrecognized myocardial infarction and its association with mortality. Int J Cardiol 2017; 243:34-39. [PMID: 28549748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying unrecognized myocardial infarction (MI) is important for secondary prevention. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and correlates of unrecognized MI and the association with mortality in the general population. METHODS All participants ≥18years participating in the Lifelines population, a three-generation Cohort Study and Biobank, were included (n=152,180). Participants with unrecognized MI were matched with controls without MI (1:2) based on age and gender. Unrecognized MI was defined when no history of MI was reported in combination with electrocardiographic (ECG) signs corresponding to MI. A history of MI was defined as a reported history of MI in combination with ECG signs and/or the use of antithrombotic medication. RESULTS MI was present in 1881(1.2%) of participants and was unrecognized in 431 (22.9%) participants. Under the age of 50years, percentages of unrecognized MI relative to the total amount of MI were 34% and 55% in men and women respectively. Compared to recognized MI, classical cardiovascular risk factors were less prevalent in participants with unrecognized MI. During a median follow- up time of 5, 4 and 4years, 4.4%, 6.4% and 2.2% of participants with unrecognized MI, recognized MI and without MI died, respectively. In a multivariable logistic regression unrecognized MI was an independent predictor of death. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of unrecognized MI is substantial and classical cardiovascular risk factors are less prevalent in participants with unrecognized MI. Nevertheless, unrecognized MI is associated with mortality. Risk stratification and early diagnosis is necessary to reduce the morbidity and mortality after MI.
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Zhang ZM, Rautaharju PM, Prineas RJ, Tereshchenko L, Soliman EZ. Electrocardiographic QRS-T angle and the risk of incident silent myocardial infarction in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. J Electrocardiol 2017; 50:661-666. [PMID: 28515002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silent myocardial infarction (SMI) accounts for about half of the total number of MIs, and is associated with poor prognosis as is clinically documented MI (CMI). The electrocardiographic (ECG) spatial QRS/T angle has been a strong predictor of cardiovascular outcomes. Whether spatial QRS/T angle also is predictive of SMI, and the easy-to-obtain frontal QRS/T angle will show similar association are currently unknown. METHODS We examined the association between the spatial and frontal QRS/T angles, separately, with incident SMI among 9498 participants (mean age 54years, 57% women, and 20% African-American), who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline (visit 1, 1987-1989) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Incident SMI was defined as MI occurring after the baseline until visit 4 (1996-1998) without CMI. The frontal plane QRS/T angle was defined as the absolute difference between QRS axis and T axis. Values greater than the sex-specific 95th percentiles of the QRS/T angles were considered wide (abnormal). RESULTS A total of 317 (3.3%) incident SMIs occurred during a 9-year median follow-up. In a model adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors and potential confounders, both abnormal frontal (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.58-3.29) and spatial (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.44-3.06) QRS/T angles were associated with an over 2-fold increased risk of incident SMI. Similar patterns of associations were observed when the results were stratified by sex. CONCLUSIONS Both frontal and spatial QRS/T angles are predicative of SMI suggesting a potential use for these markers in identifying individuals at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Ming Zhang
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Pentti M Rautaharju
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ronald J Prineas
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Larisa Tereshchenko
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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The utility of global longitudinal strain in the identification of prior myocardial infarction in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 33:1561-1569. [PMID: 28421305 PMCID: PMC5676834 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-017-1138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prior myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with increased mortality and is prevalent in certain high risk patient groups. Electrocardiogram may be used in diagnosis, however, sensitivity is limited, thus non-invasive imaging techniques may improve diagnosis. We investigated whether global longitudinal strain (GLS) and longitudinal strain parameters are reduced in patients with prior MI but preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The study included 40 clinical patients with prior MI occurring >3 months previously (defined as subendocardial hyperenhancement on late Gadolinium enhancement imaging) with LVEF ≥ 55% and 40 controls matched for age and LVEF. GLS, global longitudinal strain rate (GLSR) and early diastolic longitudinal strain rate (GLSRe) were measured from cine imaging feature tracking analysis. Presence of wall motion abnormality (WMA) and minimum systolic wall thickening (SWT) were calculated from cine imaging. GLS was −17.3 ± 3.7% in prior MI versus −19.3 ± 1.9% in controls (p = 0.012). GLSR was −88.0 ± 33.7%/s in prior MI versus −103.3 ± 26.5%/s in controls (p = 0.005). GLSRe was 76.4 ± 28.4%/s in prior MI versus 95.5 ± 26.0%/s in controls (p = 0.001). GLS accurately identified prior MI [AUC 0.662 (95% CI 0.54–0.785) p = 0.012] whereas WMA [AUC 0.500 (95% CI 0.386–0.614) p = 1.0] and minimum SWT [AUC 0.609 (95% CI 0.483–0.735) p = 0.093] did not. GLS, GLSR and GLSRe are reduced in prior MI with preserved LVEF. Normal LVEF and lack of WMA cannot exclude prior MI. Prior MI should be considered when reduced GLS, GLSR or GLSRe are detected by non-invasive imaging.
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Vallet H, Breining A, Le Manach Y, Cohen-Bittan J, Mézière A, Raux M, Verny M, Riou B, Khiami F, Boddaert J. Isolated cardiac troponin rise does not modify the prognosis in elderly patients with hip fracture. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6169. [PMID: 28207554 PMCID: PMC5319543 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Perioperative myocardial infarction remains a life-threatening complication in noncardiac surgery and even an isolated troponin rise (ITR) is associated with significant mortality. Our aim was to assess the prognostic value of ITR in elderly patients with hip fracture.In this cohort study, all patients admitted between 2009 and 2013 in our dedicated geriatric postoperative unit after hip fracture surgery with a cardiac troponin I determination were included and divided into Control, ITR, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) groups. The primary end point was a composite criteria defined as 6-month mortality and/or re-hospitalization. Secondary end points included 30-day mortality, 6-month mortality, and 6-month functional outcome.Three hundred twelve patients were (age 85 ± 7 years) divided into Control (n = 217), ITR (n = 50), and ACS (n = 45) groups. There was no significant difference for any postoperative complications between ITR and Control groups. In contrast, atrial fibrillation, acute heart failure, hemorrhage, and ICU admission were significantly more frequent in the ACS group. Compared to the Control group, 6-month mortality and/or rehospitalization was not significantly modified in the ITR group (26% vs. 28%, P = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] of the difference -13%-14%), whereas it was increased in the ACS group (44% vs. 28%, P = 0.02, 95% CI of the difference 2%-32%). ITR was not associated with a higher risk of new institutionalization or impaired walking ability at 6 months, in contrast to ACS group.In elderly patients with hip fracture, ITR was not associated with a significant increase in death and/or rehospitalization within 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Vallet
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, DHU FAST
- Department of Geriatry
| | - Alice Breining
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, DHU FAST
- Department of Geriatry
| | - Yannick Le Manach
- Departments of Anesthesia & Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Perioperative Medicine and Surgical Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Anthony Mézière
- Department of Rehabilitation, GH Charles Foix, APHP, Ivry sur Seine
| | - Mathieu Raux
- UMRS INSERM 1158
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
| | - Marc Verny
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, DHU FAST
- Department of Geriatry
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Bruno Riou
- UMRS INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery
| | - Frédéric Khiami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Trauma Groupe Hospitalier (GH) Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Jacques Boddaert
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, DHU FAST
- UMRS INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN
- Department of Geriatry
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
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Øhrn AM, Nielsen CS, Schirmer H, Stubhaug A, Wilsgaard T, Lindekleiv H. Pain Tolerance in Persons With Recognized and Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction: A Population-Based, Cross-Sectional Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003846. [PMID: 28003255 PMCID: PMC5210406 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unrecognized myocardial infarction (MI) is a prevalent condition associated with a similar risk of death as recognized MI. It is unknown why some persons experience MI with few or no symptoms; however, one possible explanation is attenuated pain sensitivity. To our knowledge, no previous study has examined the association between pain sensitivity and recognition of MI. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study with 4849 included participants who underwent the cold pressor test (a common experimental pain assay) and ECG. Unrecognized MI was present in 387 (8%) and recognized MI in 227 (4.7%) participants. Participants with unrecognized MI endured the cold pressor test significantly longer than participants with recognized MI (hazard ratio for aborting the cold pressor test, 0.64; CI, 0.47-0.88), adjusted for age and sex. The association was attenuated and borderline significant after multivariable adjustment. The association between unrecognized MI and lower pain sensitivity was stronger in women than in men, and statistically significant in women only, but interaction testing was not statistically significant (P for interaction=0.14). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that persons who experience unrecognized MI have reduced pain sensitivity compared with persons who experience recognized MI. This may partially explain the lack of symptoms associated with unrecognized MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Milde Øhrn
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Henrik Schirmer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Audun Stubhaug
- Department of Pain Management and Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Haakon Lindekleiv
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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McDermott MM, Tian L, Wunderink RG, Kalhan R, Kibbe MR, Greenland P, Tracy R, Zhao L, Liu K, Huffman M, Wilkins JT, Liao Y, Shah S, Lloyd Jones D, Green D. Pulmonary hospitalizations and ischemic heart disease events in patients with peripheral artery disease. Vasc Med 2016; 22:218-224. [PMID: 28466756 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x16680461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The prognostic significance of acute pulmonary events in people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is unknown. We hypothesized that an acute pulmonary event (hospitalization for pneumonia and/or chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) exacerbation) would be associated with a higher rate of subsequent ischemic heart disease (IHD) events in PAD. A total of 569 PAD participants were systematically identified from among patients in Chicago medical practices and followed longitudinally. Hospitalizations after enrollment were evaluated and adjudicated for pulmonary events. The primary outcome was adjudicated myocardial infarctions, unstable angina, and IHD death. Of 569 PAD participants, 34 (6.0%) were hospitalized for a pulmonary event (11 CLRD exacerbation and 23 pneumonia) during a mean follow-up of 1.52 years±0.80. Participants hospitalized for a pulmonary event had a higher rate of subsequent IHD events than those not hospitalized for a pulmonary event (10/34 (29%) vs 38/535 (7.1%), p<0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, race, comorbidities, and other confounders, a pulmonary hospitalization was associated with an increased risk of a subsequent IHD event (hazard ratio (HR) = 12.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.35 to 28.86, p<0.001). Non-pulmonary hospitalizations were also associated with IHD events (HR = 3.39, 95% CI = 1.78 to 6.44, p<0.001), but this association was less strong compared to pulmonary hospitalizations and IHD events ( p = 0.011 for difference in the strength of association). In conclusion, hospitalization for an acute pulmonary event was associated with higher risk for subsequent IHD events in PAD. Future study should examine whether hospitalization for pulmonary events warrants increased surveillance or potential intervention to prevent IHD events in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary McGrae McDermott
- 1 Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lu Tian
- 3 Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard G Wunderink
- 1 Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ravi Kalhan
- 1 Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melina R Kibbe
- 4 Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Philip Greenland
- 1 Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Russell Tracy
- 5 Department of Pathology - Colchester Research Facility, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - Lihui Zhao
- 2 Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kiang Liu
- 2 Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark Huffman
- 1 Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John T Wilkins
- 1 Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yihua Liao
- 2 Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sanjiv Shah
- 1 Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Donald Lloyd Jones
- 1 Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Green
- 1 Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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40
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Ramos R, Albert X, Sala J, Garcia-Gil M, Elosua R, Marrugat J, Ponjoan A, Grau M, Morales M, Rubió A, Ortuño P, Alves-Cabratosa L, Martí-Lluch R. Prevalence and incidence of Q-wave unrecognized myocardial infarction in general population: Diagnostic value of the electrocardiogram. The REGICOR study. Int J Cardiol 2016; 225:300-305. [PMID: 27744207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI) remains an open question in epidemiological and clinical studies, inhibiting effective secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. We aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of Q-wave UMI in asymptomatic individuals aged 35 to 74years, and to ascertain the positive predictive value (PPV) of asymptomatic Q-wave to diagnose UMI. METHODS Two population-based cross-sectional studies were conducted, in 2000 (with 10-year follow-up) and in 2005. A baseline electrocardiogram was obtained for each participant. Imaging techniques (echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computerized tomography) were used to confirm UMI in patients with asymptomatic Q-wave. RESULTS The prevalence of confirmed Q-wave UMI in the 5580 participants was 0.18% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10-0.33) and the incidence rate was 27.1 Q-wave UMI per 100,000person-years. The proportion of confirmed Q-wave UMI with respect to all prevalent MI was 8.1% (95% CI: 4.4-14.2). The PPV of asymptomatic Q-wave to diagnose Q-wave UMI was 29.2% (95% CI: 18.2-43.2%) overall, but much higher (75%, 95% CI: 40.9-92.9%) in participants with 10-year CHD risk ≥10%, compared to lower-risk participants. CONCLUSION Opportunistic identification of asymptomatic Q-waves by routine electrocardiogram overestimates actual Q-wave UMI, which represents 8% to 13% of all myocardial infarction in the population aged 35 to 74years. This overestimation is particularly high in the population at low cardiovascular risk. In epidemiological studies and in clinical practice, diagnosis of a pathologic Q-wave in asymptomatic patients requires detailed analysis of imaging tests to confirm or rule out myocardial necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafel Ramos
- ISV Research Group, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Catalunya, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Spain; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Girona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Albert
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Spain; Coronary Unit and Cardiology, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Biomedical Research Institute, Girona (IdIBGi), ICS, Catalunya, Spain; Doctoral Program in Public Health and Biomedical Research Methods, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Sala
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Spain; Coronary Unit and Cardiology, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Biomedical Research Institute, Girona (IdIBGi), ICS, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Maria Garcia-Gil
- ISV Research Group, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Catalunya, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Spain; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Girona, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Registre Gironí del COR (REGICOR) Group, Cardiovascular, Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (EGEC), Municipal Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Marrugat
- Registre Gironí del COR (REGICOR) Group, Cardiovascular, Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (EGEC), Municipal Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ponjoan
- ISV Research Group, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Catalunya, Spain; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Girona, Spain
| | - María Grau
- Registre Gironí del COR (REGICOR) Group, Cardiovascular, Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group (EGEC), Municipal Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Morales
- Coronary Unit and Cardiology, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Biomedical Research Institute, Girona (IdIBGi), ICS, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Antoni Rubió
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Biomedical Research Institute, Girona (IdIBGi), ICS, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Pedro Ortuño
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Biomedical Research Institute, Girona (IdIBGi), ICS, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Lia Alves-Cabratosa
- ISV Research Group, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Catalunya, Spain; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Girona, Spain
| | - Ruth Martí-Lluch
- ISV Research Group, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Catalunya, Spain; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Girona, Spain
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Barbier CE, Themudo R, Bjerner T, Johansson L, Lind L, Ahlström H. Long-term prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction detected with cardiovascular magnetic resonance in an elderly population. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2016; 18:43. [PMID: 27430315 PMCID: PMC4950686 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-016-0264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with unrecognized myocardial infarctions (UMIs) detected with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) constitute a recently defined group whose prognosis has not been fully evaluated. However, increasing evidence indicate that these individuals may be at considerable cardiovascular risk. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic impact of CMR detected UMIs for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in community living elderly individuals. METHODS Late gadolinium enhancement CMR was performed in 248 randomly chosen 70-year-olds. Individuals with myocardial infarction (MI) scars, with or without a hospital diagnosis of MI were classified as recognized MI (RMI) or UMI, respectively. Medical records and death certificates were scrutinized. MACE was defined as cardiac death, non-fatal MI, a new diagnosis of angina pectoris, or symptom-driven coronary artery revascularization. RESULTS During follow-up (mean 11 years) MACE occurred in 10 % (n = 18/182) of the individuals without MI scars, in 20 % (n = 11/55) of the individuals with UMI, and in 45 % (n = 5/11) of the individuals with RMI, with a significant difference between the UMI group and the group without MI scars (p = 0.045), and between the RMI group and the group without MI scars (p = 0.0004). Cardiac death and/or non-fatal MI occurred in 15, 5, and 3 of the individuals in the NoMI, UMI, and RMI group respectively. Hazards ratios for MACE adjusted for risk factors and sex were 2.55 (95 % CI 1.20-5.42; p = 0.015) for UMI and 3.28 (95 % CI1.16-9.22; p = 0.025) for RMI. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a CMR detected UMI entailed a more than double risk for MACE in community living 70-year-old individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Themudo
- />Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, 751 85 Sweden
| | - Tomas Bjerner
- />Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, 751 85 Sweden
| | - Lars Johansson
- />Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, 751 85 Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- />Department of Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- />Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, 751 85 Sweden
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42
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Themudo R, Johansson L, Ebeling-Barbier C, Lind L, Ahlström H, Bjerner T. The number of unrecognized myocardial infarction scars detected at DE-MRI increases during a 5-year follow-up. Eur Radiol 2016; 27:715-722. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-016-4439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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Zhang ZM, Rautaharju PM, Prineas RJ, Rodriguez CJ, Loehr L, Rosamond WD, Kitzman D, Couper D, Soliman EZ. Race and Sex Differences in the Incidence and Prognostic Significance of Silent Myocardial Infarction in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Circulation 2016; 133:2141-8. [PMID: 27185168 PMCID: PMC4889519 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.021177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Race and sex differences in silent myocardial infarction (SMI) are not well established. METHODS AND RESULTS The analysis included 9498 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline (visit 1, 1987-1989). Incident SMI was defined as ECG evidence of MI without clinically documented MI (CMI) after the baseline until ARIC visit 4 (1996-1998). Coronary heart disease and all-cause deaths were ascertained starting from ARIC visit 4 until 2010. During a median follow-up of 8.9 years, 317 participants (3.3%) developed SMI and 386 (4.1%) developed CMI. The incidence rates of both SMI and CMI were higher in men (5.08 and 7.96 per 1000-person years, respectively) than in women (2.93 and 2.25 per 1000-person years, respectively; P<0.0001 for both). Blacks had a nonsignificantly higher rate of SMI than whites (4.45 versus 3.69 per 1000-person years; P=0.217), but whites had higher rate of CMI than blacks (5.04 versus 3.24 per 1000-person years; P=0.002). SMI and CMI (compared with no MI) were associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease death (hazard ratio, 3.06 [95% confidence interval, 1.88-4.99] and 4.74 [95% confidence interval, 3.26-6.90], respectively) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.34 [95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.65] and 1.55 [95% confidence interval, 1.30-1.85], respectively). However, SMI and CMI were associated with increased mortality among both men and women, with potentially greater increased risk among women (interaction P=0.089 and 0.051, respectively). No significant interactions by race were detected. CONCLUSIONS SMI represents >45% of incident MIs and is associated with poor prognosis. Race and sex differences in the incidence and prognostic significance of SMI exist that may warrant considering SMI in personalized assessments of coronary heart disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Ming Zhang
- From Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(Z.M.Z., P.M.R., R.J.P., E.Z.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology(C.J.R., D.K., E.Z.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(C.J.R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health(L.L., W.D.R.) and Gillings School of Global Public Health (D.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
| | - Pentti M Rautaharju
- From Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(Z.M.Z., P.M.R., R.J.P., E.Z.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology(C.J.R., D.K., E.Z.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(C.J.R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health(L.L., W.D.R.) and Gillings School of Global Public Health (D.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ronald J Prineas
- From Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(Z.M.Z., P.M.R., R.J.P., E.Z.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology(C.J.R., D.K., E.Z.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(C.J.R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health(L.L., W.D.R.) and Gillings School of Global Public Health (D.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Carlos J Rodriguez
- From Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(Z.M.Z., P.M.R., R.J.P., E.Z.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology(C.J.R., D.K., E.Z.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(C.J.R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health(L.L., W.D.R.) and Gillings School of Global Public Health (D.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Laura Loehr
- From Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(Z.M.Z., P.M.R., R.J.P., E.Z.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology(C.J.R., D.K., E.Z.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(C.J.R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health(L.L., W.D.R.) and Gillings School of Global Public Health (D.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Wayne D Rosamond
- From Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(Z.M.Z., P.M.R., R.J.P., E.Z.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology(C.J.R., D.K., E.Z.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(C.J.R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health(L.L., W.D.R.) and Gillings School of Global Public Health (D.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Dalane Kitzman
- From Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(Z.M.Z., P.M.R., R.J.P., E.Z.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology(C.J.R., D.K., E.Z.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(C.J.R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health(L.L., W.D.R.) and Gillings School of Global Public Health (D.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - David Couper
- From Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(Z.M.Z., P.M.R., R.J.P., E.Z.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology(C.J.R., D.K., E.Z.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(C.J.R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health(L.L., W.D.R.) and Gillings School of Global Public Health (D.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- From Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(Z.M.Z., P.M.R., R.J.P., E.Z.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology(C.J.R., D.K., E.Z.S.), and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences(C.J.R.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health(L.L., W.D.R.) and Gillings School of Global Public Health (D.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with left ventricular mass, biventricular function, and the presence of silent myocardial infarction on cardiac MRI in an asymptomatic population. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 32 Suppl 1:173-81. [PMID: 27209284 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-016-0885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to evaluate the relationship between risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiac mass and function on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to investigate possible risk factors for silent myocardial infarction (SMI) in an asymptomatic Asian population. We included 647 asymptomatic subjects (485 males, mean age 54.8 ± 6.7 years; 162 females, mean age 55.2 ± 7.6 years) who underwent 1.5-T cardiac MRI during a health checkup. The association between biventricular functional parameters as evaluated on MRI and CVD risk factors was examined using multivariable regression and analysis of variance. The left ventricular mass-to-volume ratios were positively related to body mass index (β = 0.153, p < 0.001), systolic (β = 0.165, p = 0.001) and diastolic (β = 0.147, p = 0.002) blood pressure, triglyceride levels (β = 0.197, p = 0.006), and C-reactive protein levels (β = 0.130, p < 0.001), and were negatively related to estimated glomerular filtration rates (β = -0.076, p = 0.025). No significant relationship was present between ventricular parameters and the presence of SMI after adjusting for confounders. The prevalence (6.9 %, 7/101) of SMI in diabetics was significantly greater than that in non-diabetics patients (0.9 %, 5/546; confidence interval 1.739-12.848; p < 0.001). Traditional CVD risk factors are associated with ventricular mass, geometry and function in asymptomatic subjects. Silent MI may not independently influence ventricular mass and function and diabetes mellitus may contribute to the development of SMI.
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Weir-McCall JR, Duce SL, Gandy SJ, Matthew SZ, Martin P, Cassidy DB, McCormick L, Belch JJF, Struthers AD, Colhoun HM, Houston JG. Whole body cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to stratify symptomatic and asymptomatic atherosclerotic burden in patients with isolated cardiovascular disease. BMC Med Imaging 2016; 16:18. [PMID: 26923316 PMCID: PMC4770697 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-016-0121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to use whole body cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (WB CVMR) to assess the heart and arterial network in a single examination, so as to describe the burden of atherosclerosis and subclinical disease in participants with symptomatic single site vascular disease. Methods 64 patients with a history of symptomatic single site vascular disease (38 coronary artery disease (CAD), 9 cerebrovascular disease, 17 peripheral arterial disease (PAD)) underwent whole body angiogram and cardiac MR in a 3 T scanner. The arterial tree was subdivided into 31 segments and each scored according to the degree of stenosis. From this a standardised atheroma score (SAS) was calculated. Cine and late gadolinium enhancement images of the left ventricle were obtained. Results Asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease with greater than 50 % stenosis in arteries other than that responsible for their presenting complain was detected in 37 % of CAD, 33 % of cerebrovascular and 47 % of PAD patients. Unrecognised myocardial infarcts were observed in 29 % of PAD patients. SAS was significantly higher in PAD patients 24 (17.5-30.5) compared to CAD 4 (2–11.25) or cerebrovascular disease patients 6 (2-10) (ANCOVA p < 0.001). Standardised atheroma score positively correlated with age (β 0.36 p = 0.002), smoking status (β 0.34 p = 0.002), and LV mass (β -0.61 p = 0.001) on multiple linear regression. Conclusion WB CVMR is an effective method for the stratification of cardiovascular disease. The high prevalence of asymptomatic arterial disease, and silent myocardial infarctions, particularly in the peripheral arterial disease group, demonstrates the importance of a systematic approach to the assessment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Weir-McCall
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, ᅟ, DD1 9SY, UK. .,NHS Tayside Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK. .,Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetic Medicine, Level 7, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Suzanne L Duce
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, ᅟ, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Stephen J Gandy
- NHS Tayside Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.,NHS Tayside Medical Physics, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Shona Z Matthew
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, ᅟ, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Patricia Martin
- NHS Tayside Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Deirdre B Cassidy
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, ᅟ, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Lynne McCormick
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, ᅟ, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Jill J F Belch
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, ᅟ, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Allan D Struthers
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, ᅟ, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Helen M Colhoun
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Medical Research Institute, The Mackenzie Building, University of Dundee, ᅟ, DD2 4BF, UK
| | - J Graeme Houston
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, ᅟ, DD1 9SY, UK.,NHS Tayside Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
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McAreavey D, Vidal JS, Aspelund T, Eiriksdottir G, Schelbert EB, Kjartansson O, Cao JJ, Thorgeirsson G, Sigurdsson S, Garcia M, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Gudnason V, Arai AE. Midlife Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Late-Life Unrecognized and Recognized Myocardial Infarction Detect by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance: ICELAND-MI, the AGES-Reykjavik Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.115.002420. [PMID: 26873683 PMCID: PMC4802464 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Associations of atherosclerosis risk factors with unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI) are unclear. We investigated associations of midlife risk factors with UMI and recognized MI (RMI) detected 31 years later by cardiac magnetic resonance. Methods and Results The Reykjavik Study (1967–1991) collected serial risk factors in subjects, mean (SD) age 48 (7) years. In ICELAND‐MI (2004–2007), 936 survivors (76 (5) years) were evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance. Analysis included logistic regression and random effects modeling. Comparisons are relative to subjects without MI. At baseline midlife evaluation, a modified Framingham risk score was significantly higher in RMI and in UMI versus no MI (7.4 (6.3)%; 7.1 (6.2)% versus 5.4 (5.8)%, P<0.001). RMI and UMI were more frequent in men (65%, 64% versus 43%; P<0.0001). Baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in UMI (138 (17) mm Hg versus 133 (17) mm Hg; P<0.006; 87 (10) mm Hg versus 84 (10) mm Hg; P<0.02). Diastolic BP was significantly higher in RMI (88 (10) mm Hg versus 84 (10) mm Hg; P<0.02). Cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly higher in RMI (6.7 (1.1) mmol/L versus 6.2 (1.1) mmol/L; P=0.0005; and 1.4 (0.7) mmol/L versus 1.1 (0.7) mmol/L; P<0.003). Cholesterol trended higher in UMI (P=0.08). Serial midlife systolic BP was significantly higher in UMI versus no MI (β [SE] = 2.69 [1.28] mm Hg, P=0.04). Serial systolic and diastolic BP were significantly higher in RMI versus no MI (4.12 [1.60] mm Hg, P=0.01 and 2.05 [0.91] mm Hg, P=0.03) as were cholesterol (0.43 [0.11] mmol/L, P=0.0001) and triglycerides (0.3 [0.06] mmol/L, P<0.0001). Conclusions Midlife vascular risk factors are associated with UMI and RMI detected by cardiac magnetic resonance 31 years later. Systolic blood pressure was the most significant modifiable risk factor associated with later UMI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Vidal
- AP-HP, Hôpital Broca, Service de Gérontologie I, and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, Paris, France
| | - Thor Aspelund
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Jie J Cao
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Melissa Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Andrew E Arai
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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Seki A, Fishbein M. Age-related Cardiovascular Changes and Diseases. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420219-1.00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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48
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Nanni S, Lovato L, Vagnarelli F, Ghetti G, Ferlito M, Pasquale F, Russo V, Zompatori M, Bacchi Reggiani L, Semprini F, Taglieri N, Melandri G, Rapezzi C. Inferior Q waves in apparently healthy subjects: Should we take a deep breath? An electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance study. J Electrocardiol 2016; 49:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Kim HY, Choi JH. How to Utilize Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2015; 23:204-8. [PMID: 26755927 PMCID: PMC4707304 DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2015.23.4.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has high negative predictive power for detecting coronary artery disease. However CCTA is limited by moderate positive predictive power in the detection of myocardial ischemia. This is not unexpected because the diameter of a stenosis is a poor indicator of myocardial ischemia and discrepancy between the severity of stenosis and noninvasive tests is not uncommon. The value of stenosis for predicting future development of acute coronary syndrome represented by plaque rupture has been questioned. CCTA identifies the characteristics of high-risk plaque including positive remodeling, low density plaque and spotty or micro-calcification. Also, additional evaluation of myocardial ischemia using computational flow dynamics, and luminal attenuation gradient are expected to increase both diagnostic performance for hemodynamically significant stenosis and the predictive power for future cardiovascular risk. Technical advances in CCTA would enable evaluation of both coronary artery stenosis and myocardial ischemia simultaneously with high predictive performance, and would improve vastly the clinical value of CCTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Yoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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50
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Hui G, Koch B, Calara F, Wong ND. Angina in Coronary Artery Disease Patients With and Without Diabetes: US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2010. Clin Cardiol 2015; 39:30-6. [PMID: 26694985 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angina pectoris (AP) is common in coronary artery disease (CAD), but whether those with diabetes mellitus (DM) experience AP as often as those without DM is unclear. HYPOTHESIS AP prevalence is similar in those with vs without DM in a community sample with CAD. METHODS In adults with CAD in the US NHANES 2001-2010, AP was determined by self-report and Rose questionnaire and compared by DM status. Physical functioning and medication use were also evaluated. RESULTS Of 1957 adults with CAD, 619 (28.2%) had DM. Prevalence of AP was similar in those with vs without DM (48.9% vs 46.3%; P = 0.38). There was a trend toward more severe AP in those with glycated hemoglobin ≥7% (50.4%) vs <7% (27.1%; P = 0.09). Adjusted logistic regression showed a similar odds of AP (1.06, 95% CI: 0.84-1.33) in those with vs without DM, although among DM, a 2-fold greater odds of AP in women vs men. Physical functioning was worse in those with vs without AP overall (score of 25.9 vs 24.3; P < 0.001) and further diminished within those with comorbid DM (26.7 vs 24.0; P < 0.001). Among those with AP, those with vs without DM were more likely on β-blockers, statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and antiplatelet therapy. CONCLUSIONS AP in CAD patients is similar among those with vs without DM, despite greater use of evidence-based therapies in DM patients. Greater physical limitations exist in those with vs without AP, and further diminish with comorbid DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Hui
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Bruce Koch
- Medical Affairs, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California
| | - Federico Calara
- Medical Affairs, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California
| | - Nathan D Wong
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, California
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