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Maida CD, Norrito RL, Rizzica S, Mazzola M, Scarantino ER, Tuttolomondo A. Molecular Pathogenesis of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes: Background and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6297. [PMID: 38928006 PMCID: PMC11203482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents one of the neurological diseases most responsible for death and permanent disability in the world. Different factors, such as thrombus, emboli and atherosclerosis, take part in the intricate pathophysiology of stroke. Comprehending the molecular processes involved in this mechanism is crucial to developing new, specific and efficient treatments. Some common mechanisms are excitotoxicity and calcium overload, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critical in pathophysiology and recovery after cerebral ischemia. ncRNAs, particularly microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential for angiogenesis and neuroprotection, and they have been suggested to be therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic tools in cerebrovascular diseases, including stroke. This review summarizes the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and delves into the function of miRNAs in the development of brain damage. Furthermore, we will analyze new perspectives on treatment based on molecular mechanisms in addition to traditional stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Domenico Maida
- Department of Internal Medicine, S. Elia Hospital, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy;
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine Ph.D. Programme, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Luca Norrito
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Salvatore Rizzica
- Department of Internal Medicine, S. Elia Hospital, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy;
| | - Marco Mazzola
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Elisa Rita Scarantino
- Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.M.); (A.T.)
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Kazmi S, Salehi-Pourmehr H, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Farhoudi M. The efficacy and safety of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in stroke patients: A systematic review. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 120:120-128. [PMID: 38237490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability worldwide, yet there is currently no effective treatment available to mitigate its negative consequences. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), are known to play a crucial role in exacerbating the aftermath of stroke. Thus, it is hypothesized that blocking inflammation and administering anti-inflammatory drugs at an optimal time and dosage may improve the long-term quality of life for stroke patients. This systematic review examines the effectiveness and safety of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), commercially known as "anakinra," in clinical studies involving the treatment of stroke patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted until October 2023 to identify relevant studies. The search yielded 1403 articles, out of which 598 were removed due to duplication. After a thorough review of 805 titles and abstracts, 797 articles were further excluded, resulting in 8 studies being included in this systematic review. The findings from all the included studies demonstrate that IL-1Ra is safe for use in acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients, with no significant adverse events reported. Additionally, biomarkers, clinical assessments, serious adverse events (AEs), and non-serious AEs consistently showed more favorable outcomes in IL-1Ra receiving patients. Stroke elevates the levels of several inflammatory cytokines, however, administration of IL-1RA directly or indirectly modulates these markers and improves some clinical outcomes, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit of this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Kazmi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr
- Research Center for Evidence-Base Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Ramos-Guzmán CA, Ruiz-Pernía JJ, Zinovjev K, Tuñón I. Unveiling the Mechanistic Singularities of Caspases: A Computational Analysis of the Reaction Mechanism in Human Caspase-1. ACS Catal 2023; 13:4348-4361. [PMID: 37066044 PMCID: PMC10088814 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Caspases are cysteine proteases in charge of breaking a peptide bond next to an aspartate residue. Caspases constitute an important family of enzymes involved in cell death and inflammatory processes. A plethora of diseases, including neurological and metabolic diseases and cancer, are associated with the poor regulation of caspase-mediated cell death and inflammation. Human caspase-1 in particular carries out the transformation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine pro-interleukin-1β into its active form, a key process in the inflammatory response and then in many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Despite its importance, the reaction mechanism of caspases has remained elusive. The standard mechanistic proposal valid for other cysteine proteases and that involves the formation of an ion pair in the catalytic dyad is not supported by experimental evidence. Using a combination of classical and hybrid DFT/MM simulations, we propose a reaction mechanism for the human caspase-1 that explains experimental observations, including mutagenesis, kinetic, and structural data. In our mechanistic proposal, the catalytic cysteine, Cys285, is activated after a proton transfer to the amide group of the scissile peptide bond, a process facilitated by hydrogen-bond interactions with Ser339 and His237. The catalytic histidine does not directly participate in any proton transfer during the reaction. After formation of the acylenzyme intermediate, the deacylation step takes place through the activation of a water molecule by the terminal amino group of the peptide fragment formed during the acylation step. The overall activation free energy obtained from our DFT/MM simulations is in excellent agreement with the value derived from the experimental rate constant, 18.7 vs 17.9 kcal·mol-1, respectively. Simulations of the H237A mutant support our conclusions and agree with the reported reduced activity observed for this caspase-1 variant. We propose that this mechanism can explain the reactivity of all cysteine proteases belonging to the CD clan and that differences with respect to other clans could be related to the larger preference showed by enzymes of the CD clan for charged residues at position P1. This mechanism would avoid the free energy penalty associated with the formation of an ion pair. Finally, our structural description of the reaction process can be useful to assist in the design of inhibitors of caspase-1, a target in the treatment of several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Ramos-Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Física, Universitat de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto de Materiales Avanzados, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | | | - Kirill Zinovjev
- Departamento de Química Física, Universitat de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Iñaki Tuñón
- Departamento de Química Física, Universitat de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Neuroblasts migration under control of reactive astrocyte-derived BDNF: a promising therapy in late neurogenesis after traumatic brain injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:2. [PMID: 36600294 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disease with high mortality and morbidity, which leads to severe neurological dysfunction. Neurogenesis has provided therapeutic options for treating TBI. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a key role in neuroblasts migration. We aimed to investigate to the key regulating principle of BDNF in endogenous neuroblasts migration in a mouse TBI model. METHODS In this study, controlled cortical impact (CCI) mice (C57BL/6J) model was established to mimic TBI. The sham mice served as control. Immunofluorescence staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed on the CCI groups (day 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after CCI) and the sham group. All the data were analyzed with Student's t-test or one-way or two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS Our results revealed that neuroblasts migration initiated as early as day 1, peaking at day 7, and persisted till day 21. The spatiotemporal profile of BDNF expression was similar to that of neuroblasts migration, and BDNF level following CCI was consistently higher in injured cortex than in subventricular zone (SVZ). Reactive astrocytes account for the major resource of BDNF along the migrating path, localized with neuroblasts in proximity. Moreover, injection of exogenous CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, at random sites promoted neuroblasts migration and astrocytic BDNF expression in both normal and CCI mice (day 28). These provoked neuroblasts can also differentiate into mature neurons. CC chemokine ligand receptor 2 antagonist can restrain the neuroblasts migration after TBI. CONCLUSIONS Neuroblasts migrated along the activated astrocytic tunnel, directed by BDNF gradient between SVZ and injured cortex after TBI. CCL2 might be a key regulator in the above endogenous neuroblasts migration. Moreover, delayed CCL2 administration may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for late neurogenesis post-trauma.
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Galinsky R, Kelly S, Green E, Hunt R, Nold-Petry C, Gunn A, Nold M. Interleukin-1: an important target for perinatal neuroprotection? Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:47-50. [PMID: 35799507 PMCID: PMC9241389 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.341044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal inflammation is a significant risk factor for lifelong neurodevelopmental impairments such as cerebral palsy. Extensive clinical and preclinical evidence links the severity and pattern of perinatal inflammation to impaired maturation of white and grey matters and reduced brain growth. Multiple pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of perinatal inflammation. However, studies of human and experimental perinatal encephalopathy have demonstrated a strong causative link between perinatal encephalopathy and excessive production of the pro-inflammatory effector cytokine interleukin-1. In this review, we summarize clinical and preclinical evidence that underpins interleukin-1 as a critical factor in initiating and perpatuating systemic and central nervous system inflammation and subsequent perinatal brain injury. We also highlight the important role of endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in mitigating interleukin-1-driven neuroinflammation and tissue damage, and summarize outcomes from clinical and mechanistic animal studies that establish the commercially available interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, as a safe and effective therapeutic intervention. We reflect on the evidence supporting clinical translation of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist for infants at the greatest risk of perinatal inflammation and impaired neurodevelopment, and suggest a path to advance interleukin-1 receptor antagonist along the translational path for perinatal neuroprotection.
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Bui TA, Jickling GC, Winship IR. Neutrophil dynamics and inflammaging in acute ischemic stroke: A transcriptomic review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1041333. [PMID: 36620775 PMCID: PMC9813499 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1041333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Restoring blood flow through recanalization is currently the only acute treatment for cerebral ischemia. Unfortunately, many patients that achieve a complete recanalization fail to regain functional independence. Recent studies indicate that activation of peripheral immune cells, particularly neutrophils, may contribute to microcirculatory failure and futile recanalization. Stroke primarily affects the elderly population, and mortality after endovascular therapies is associated with advanced age. Previous analyses of differential gene expression across injury status and age identify ischemic stroke as a complex age-related disease. It also suggests robust interactions between stroke injury, aging, and inflammation on a cellular and molecular level. Understanding such interactions is crucial in developing effective protective treatments. The global stroke burden will continue to increase with a rapidly aging human population. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of age-dependent vulnerability are poorly defined. In this review, we will discuss how neutrophil-specific gene expression patterns may contribute to poor treatment responses in stroke patients. We will also discuss age-related transcriptional changes that may contribute to poor clinical outcomes and greater susceptibility to cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong An Bui
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen C. Jickling
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ian R. Winship
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,*Correspondence: Ian R. Winship,
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Meng J, Zhang J, Fang J, Li M, Ding H, Zhang W, Chen C. Dynamic inflammatory changes of the neurovascular units after ischemic stroke. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:140-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kuru Bektaşoğlu P, Demir D, Koyuncuoğlu T, Yüksel M, Peker Eyüboğlu İ, Karagöz Köroğlu A, Akakın D, Yıldırım A, Çelikoğlu E, Gürer B. Possible anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of apigenin in the setting of mild traumatic brain injury: an investigation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 45:185-196. [PMID: 36168996 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2130076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apigenin is a plant flavone proven with biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. This study, it was aimed to examine the possible anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of apigenin in the setting of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) model. METHODS Wistar albino male rats were randomly assigned to groups: control (n = 9), TBI (n = 9), TBI + vehicle (n = 8), and TBI + Apigenin (20 and 40 mg/kg, immediately after trauma; n = 6 and n = 7). TBI was performed by dropping a 300 g weight from a height of 1 meter onto the skull under anesthesia. Neurological examination and tail suspension test applied before and 24 hours after trauma, as well as Y-maze and object recognition tests, after that rats were decapitated. In brain tissue, luminol- and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence levels and cytokine ELISA levels were measured. Histological damage was scored. Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA. RESULTS After TBI, luminol (p < 0.001) and lucigenin (p < 0.001) levels increased, and luminol and lucigenin levels decreased with apigenin treatments (p < 0.01-0.001). The tail suspension test score increased with trauma (p < 0.01). According to the pre-traumatic values, the number of entrances to the arms (p < 0.01) in the Y-maze decreased after trauma (p < 0.01). In the object recognition test, discrimination (p < 0.05) and recognition indexes (p < 0.05) decreased with trauma. There was no significant difference among trauma apigenin groups in behavioral tests. Interleukin (IL)-10 levels, one of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, decreased with trauma (p < 0.05), and increased with 20 and 40 mg apigenin treatment (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The histological damage score in cortex were decreased in apigenin 20 mg treatment group significantly (p < 0.05), the decrease observed in apigenin 40 mg group was not significant. CONCLUSION The results of this study revelead that apigenin 20 and 40 mg treatment may have neuroprotective effects in mild TBI via decreasing the the level of luminol and lucigenin and increasing the IL-10 levels. Additionally, apigenin 20 mg treatment ameliorated the trauma-induced cortical tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dilan Demir
- University of Health Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Türkan Koyuncuoğlu
- Biruni University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Meral Yüksel
- Marmara University Vocational School of Health-Related Services, Department of Medical Laboratory, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - İrem Peker Eyüboğlu
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ayça Karagöz Köroğlu
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Dilek Akakın
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Alper Yıldırım
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Erhan Çelikoğlu
- University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Bora Gürer
- Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Fatty Acid-Derived N-acylethanolamines Dietary Supplementation Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in LPS Murine Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183879. [PMID: 36145255 PMCID: PMC9504857 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of most neurological and neurodegenerative diseases and therefore represents a potential therapeutic target. In this regard, accelerating the resolution process in chronic neuroinflammation may be an effective strategy to deal with the cognitive consequences of neuropathology and generalized inflammatory processes. N-acylethanolamine (NAE) derivatives of fatty acids, being highly active lipid mediators, possess pro-resolving activity in inflammatory processes and are promising agents for the suppression of neuroinflammation and its consequences. This paper is devoted to a study of the effects played by dietary supplement (DS), containing a composition of fatty acid-derived NAEs, obtained from squid Berryteuthis magister, on the hippocampal neuroinflammatory and memory processes. By detecting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial markers, a pronounced anti-inflammatory activity of DS was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. DS administration reversed the LPS-induced reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis and memory deterioration. LC-MS analysis revealed an increase in the production of a range of NAEs with well-documented anti-inflammatory activity in response to the administered lipid composition. To conclude, we found that tested DS suppresses the neuroinflammatory response by reducing glial activation, positively regulates neural progenitor proliferation, and attenuates hippocampal-dependent memory impairment.
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Kalra S, Malik R, Singh G, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Mohan S, Albratty M, Albarrati A, Tambuwala MM. Pathogenesis and management of traumatic brain injury (TBI): role of neuroinflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1153-1166. [PMID: 35802283 PMCID: PMC9293826 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important global health concern that represents a leading cause of death and disability. It occurs due to direct impact or hit on the head caused by factors such as motor vehicles, crushes, and assaults. During the past decade, an abundance of new evidence highlighted the importance of inflammation in the secondary damage response that contributes to neurodegenerative and neurological deficits after TBI. It results in disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and initiates the release of macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes at the injury site. A growing number of researchers have discovered various signalling pathways associated with the initiation and progression of inflammation. Targeting different signalling pathways (NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, GSK-3, Nrf2, RhoGTPase, TGF-β1, and NLRP3) helps in the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of TBI. Several synthetic and herbal drugs with both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential showed effective results. This review summarizes different signalling pathways, associated pathologies, inflammatory mediators, pharmacological potential, current status, and challenges with anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunishtha Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rohit Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Govind Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. .,Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Syam Mohan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.,Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Neuronal alarmin IL-1α evokes astrocyte-mediated protective signals: Effectiveness in chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 168:105716. [PMID: 35367629 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinction between glial painful and protective pathways is unclear and the possibility to finely modulate the system is lacking. Focusing on painful neuropathies, we studied the role of interleukin 1α (IL-1α), an alarmin belonging to the larger family of damage-associated molecular patterns endogenously secreted to restore homeostasis. The treatment of rat primary neurons with increasing dose of the neurotoxic anticancer drug oxaliplatin (0.3-100μM, 48 h) induced the release of IL-1α. The knockdown of the alarmin in neurons leads to their higher mortality when co-cultured with astrocytes. This toxicity was related to increased extracellular ATP and decreased release of transforming growth factor β1, mostly produced by astrocytes. In a rat model of neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin, the intrathecal treatment with IL-1α was able to reduce mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity both after acute injection and continuous infusion. Ex vivo analysis on spinal purified astrocyte processes (gliosomes) and nerve terminals (synaptosomes) revealed the property of IL-1α to reduce the endogenous glutamate release induced by oxaliplatin. This protective effect paralleled with an increased number of GFAP-positive cells in the spinal cord, suggesting the ability of IL-1α to evoke a positive, conservative astrocyte phenotype. Endogenous IL-1α induces protective signals in the cross-talk between neurons and astrocytes. Exogenously administered in rats, IL-1α prevents neuropathic pain in the presence of spinal glutamate decrease and astrocyte activation.
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Wang JP, Li C, Ding WC, Peng G, Xiao GL, Chen R, Cheng Q. Research Progress on the Inflammatory Effects of Long Non-coding RNA in Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:835012. [PMID: 35359568 PMCID: PMC8961287 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.835012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an acute clinical event and an important cause of death and long-term disability. However, the underlying mechanism of the pathophysiological has not been fully elucidated and the lack of effective treatment a huge burden to individuals, families, and society. Several studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) might play a crucial role in TBI; they are abundant in the central nervous system (CNS) and participate in a variety of pathophysiological processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, blood-brain barrier protection, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. Some lncRNAs modulate multiple therapeutic targets after TBI, including inflammation, thus, these lncRNAs have tremendous therapeutic potential for TBI, as they are promising biomarkers for TBI diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction. This review discusses the differential expression of different lncRNAs in brain tissue during TBI, which is likely related to the physiological and pathological processes involved in TBI. These findings may provide new targets for further scientific research on the molecular mechanisms of TBI and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-peng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wen-cong Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ge-lei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Chen,
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Quan Cheng,
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Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010014. [PMID: 35008440 PMCID: PMC8744548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Its increasing incidence has led stroke to be the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite significant advances in recanalization strategies, patients are still at risk for ischemia/reperfusion injuries in this pathophysiology, in which neuroinflammation is significantly involved. Research has shown that in the acute phase, neuroinflammatory cascades lead to apoptosis, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, cerebral edema, and hemorrhagic transformation, while in later stages, these pathways support tissue repair and functional recovery. The present review discusses the various cell types and the mechanisms through which neuroinflammation contributes to parenchymal injury and tissue repair, as well as therapeutic attempts made in vitro, in animal experiments, and in clinical trials which target neuroinflammation, highlighting future therapeutic perspectives.
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Dai L, Shen Y. Insights into T-cell dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13511. [PMID: 34725916 PMCID: PMC8672785 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells, the critical immune cells of the adaptive immune system, are often dysfunctional in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are involved in AD pathology. Reports highlight neuroinflammation as a crucial modulator of AD pathogenesis, and aberrant T cells indirectly contribute to neuroinflammation by secreting proinflammatory mediators via direct crosstalk with glial cells infiltrating the brain. However, the mechanisms underlying T‐cell abnormalities in AD appear multifactorial. Risk factors for AD and pathological hallmarks of AD have been tightly linked with immune responses, implying the potential regulatory effects of these factors on T cells. In this review, we discuss how the risk factors for AD, particularly Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), Aβ, α‐secretase, β‐secretase, γ‐secretase, Tau, and neuroinflammation, modulate T‐cell activation and the association between T cells and pathological AD hallmarks. Understanding these associations is critical to provide a comprehensive view of appropriate therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbin Dai
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Sciences and Technology of China Hefei China
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Yong Shen
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Sciences and Technology of China Hefei China
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
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15
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Kelly SB, Stojanovska V, Zahra VA, Moxham A, Miller SL, Moss TJM, Hooper SB, Nold MF, Nold-Petry CA, Dean JM, Bennet L, Polglase GR, Gunn AJ, Galinsky R. Interleukin-1 blockade attenuates white matter inflammation and oligodendrocyte loss after progressive systemic lipopolysaccharide exposure in near-term fetal sheep. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:189. [PMID: 34465372 PMCID: PMC8408978 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased systemic and tissue levels of interleukin (IL)-1β are associated with greater risk of impaired neurodevelopment after birth. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that systemic IL-1 receptor antagonist (Ra) administration would attenuate brain inflammation and injury in near-term fetal sheep exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Chronically instrumented near-term fetal sheep at 0.85 of gestation were randomly assigned to saline infusion (control, n = 9), repeated LPS infusions (0 h = 300 ng, 24 h = 600 ng, 48 h = 1200 ng, n = 8) or repeated LPS plus IL-1Ra infusions (13 mg/kg infused over 4 h) started 1 h after each LPS infusion (n = 9). Sheep were euthanized 4 days after starting infusions for histology. Results LPS infusions increased circulating cytokines and were associated with electroencephalogram (EEG) suppression with transiently reduced mean arterial blood pressure, and increased carotid artery perfusion and fetal heart rate (P < 0.05 vs. control for all). In the periventricular and intragyral white matter, LPS-exposure increased IL-1β immunoreactivity, numbers of caspase 3+ cells and microglia, reduced astrocyte and olig-2+ oligodendrocyte survival but did not change numbers of mature CC1+ oligodendrocytes, myelin expression or numbers of neurons in the cortex and subcortical regions. IL-1Ra infusions reduced circulating cytokines and improved recovery of EEG activity and carotid artery perfusion. Histologically, IL-1Ra reduced microgliosis, IL-1β expression and caspase-3+ cells, and improved olig-2+ oligodendrocyte survival. Conclusion IL-1Ra improved EEG activity and markedly attenuated systemic inflammation, microgliosis and oligodendrocyte loss following LPS exposure in near-term fetal sheep. Further studies examining the long-term effects on brain maturation are now needed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02238-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmony B Kelly
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Valerie A Zahra
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Alison Moxham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy J M Moss
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Stuart B Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcel F Nold
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claudia A Nold-Petry
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin M Dean
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bennet
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert Galinsky
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3168, Australia. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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16
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Kuru Bektaşoğlu P, Koyuncuoğlu T, Demir D, Sucu G, Akakın D, Peker Eyüboğlu İ, Yüksel M, Çelikoğlu E, Yeğen BÇ, Gürer B. Neuroprotective Effect of Cinnamaldehyde on Secondary Brain Injury After Traumatic Brain Injury in a Rat Model. World Neurosurg 2021; 153:e392-e402. [PMID: 34224887 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA) on secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a rat model. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (n = 9), TBI (n = 9), vehicle (0.1% Tween 80; n = 8), and CA (100 mg/kg) (n = 9). TBI was induced by the weight-drop model. In brain tissues, myeloperoxidase activity and the levels of luminol-enhanced and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence were measured. Interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, tumor growth factor β, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3 were evaluated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Brain injury was histopathologically graded after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Y-maze and novel object recognition tests were performed before TBI and within 24 hours of TBI. RESULTS Higher myeloperoxidase activity levels in the TBI group (P < 0.001) were suppressed in the CA group (P < 0.05). Luminol-enhanced and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, which were increased in the TBI group (P < 0.001, for both), were decreased in the group that received CA treatment (P < 0.001 for both). Compared with the increased histologic damage scores in the cerebral cortex and dentate gyrus of the TBI group (P < 0.001), scores of the CA group were lower (P < 0.001). Decreased number of entries and spontaneous alternation percentage in the Y-maze test of the TBI group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) were not evident in the CA group. CONCLUSIONS CA has shown neuroprotective effects by limiting neutrophil recruitment, suppressing reactive oxygen species and reducing histologic damage and acute hippocampal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Kuru Bektaşoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Türkan Koyuncuoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Biruni University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilan Demir
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Sucu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Akakın
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İrem Peker Eyüboğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Yüksel
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Marmara University Vocational School of Health-Related Services, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erhan Çelikoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Ç Yeğen
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bora Gürer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Zhan L, Lu X, Xu W, Sun W, Xu E. Inhibition of MLKL-dependent necroptosis via downregulating interleukin-1R1 contributes to neuroprotection of hypoxic preconditioning in transient global cerebral ischemic rats. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:97. [PMID: 33879157 PMCID: PMC8056617 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous study indicated that hypoxic preconditioning reduced receptor interacting protein (RIP) 3-mediated necroptotic neuronal death in hippocampal CA1 of adult rats after transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI). Although mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) has emerged as a crucial molecule for necroptosis induction downstream of RIP3, how MLKL executes necroptosis is not yet well understood. In this study, we aim to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying hypoxic preconditioning that inactivates MLKL-dependent neuronal necroptosis after tGCI. Methods Transient global cerebral ischemia was induced by the four-vessel occlusion method. Twenty-four hours before ischemia, rats were exposed to systemic hypoxia with 8% O2 for 30 min. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of MLKL and interleukin-1 type 1 receptor (IL-1R1) in CA1. Immunoprecipitation was used to assess the interactions among IL-1R1, RIP3, and phosphorylated MLKL (p-MLKL). The concentration of intracellular free calcium ion (Ca2+) was measured using Fluo-4 AM. Silencing and overexpression studies were used to study the role of p-MLKL in tGCI-induced neuronal death. Results Hypoxic preconditioning decreased the phosphorylation of MLKL both in neurons and microglia of CA1 after tGCI. The knockdown of MLKL with siRNA decreased the expression of p-MLKL and exerted neuroprotective effects after tGCI, whereas treatment with lentiviral delivery of MLKL showed opposite results. Mechanistically, hypoxic preconditioning or MLKL siRNA attenuated the RIP3-p-MLKL interaction, reduced the plasma membrane translocation of p-MLKL, and blocked Ca2+ influx after tGCI. Furthermore, hypoxic preconditioning downregulated the expression of IL-1R1 in CA1 after tGCI. Additionally, neutralizing IL-1R1 with its antagonist disrupted the interaction between IL-1R1 and the necrosome, attenuated the expression and the plasma membrane translocation of p-MLKL, thus alleviating neuronal death after tGCI. Conclusions These data support that the inhibition of MLKL-dependent neuronal necroptosis through downregulating IL-1R1 contributes to neuroprotection of hypoxic preconditioning against tGCI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02141-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Zhan
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changgang Dong RD, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changgang Dong RD, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensheng Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changgang Dong RD, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changgang Dong RD, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - En Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, 250 Changgang Dong RD, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Bouras T, Gatzonis SS, Georgakoulias N, Karatza M, Siatouni A, Stranjalis G, Boviatsis E, Vasileiou S, Sakas DE. Neuro-inflammatory Sequelae of Minimal Trauma in the Non-traumatized Human Brain: A Microdialysis Study. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1137-1150. [PMID: 22098490 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine measurement directly from the brain parenchyma by means of microdialysis has documented the activation of certain procedures in vivo, after brain trauma in humans. However, the intercalation of the micro-catheter insertion with the phenomena triggered by the head trauma renders the assessment of the findings problematic. The present study attempts to elucidate the pure effect of minimal trauma, represented by the insertion of the micro-catheter, on the non-traumatized human brain. Microdialysis catheters were implanted in 12 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, and subjected to invasive electroencephalography with intracranial electrodes. Samples were collected during the first 5 days of monitoring. The dialysate was analyzed using bead flow cytometry, and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. The levels of IL-1 and IL-8 were found to be raised until 48 h post-implantation, and thereafter they reached a plateau of presumably baseline values. The temporal profile of the IL-6 variation was different, with the increase being much more prolonged, as its concentration had not returned to baseline levels at the fifth day post-insertion. TNF-α was found to be significantly raised only 2 h after implantation. IL-10 and IL-12 did not have any significant response to micro-trauma. These findings imply that the reaction of the neuro-inflammatory mechanisms of the brain exist even after minimal trauma, and is unexpectedly intense for IL-6. Questions may arise regarding the objectivity of findings attributed by some studies to inflammatory perturbation after head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Bouras
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evaggelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Marilena Karatza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Evaggelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Siatouni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evaggelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Stranjalis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evaggelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Boviatsis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evaggelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridoula Vasileiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Evaggelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Damianos E Sakas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evaggelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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19
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Quintana D, Ren X, Hu H, Corbin D, Engler-Chiurazzi E, Alvi M, Simpkins J. IL-1β Antibody Protects Brain from Neuropathology of Hypoperfusion. Cells 2021; 10:855. [PMID: 33918659 PMCID: PMC8069995 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic brain hypoperfusion is the primary cause of vascular dementia and has been implicated in the development of white matter disease and lacunar infarcts. Cerebral hypoperfusion leads to a chronic state of brain inflammation with immune cell activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β. In the present study, we induced chronic, progressive brain hypoperfusion in mice using ameroid constrictor, arterial stenosis (ACAS) surgery and tested the efficacy of an IL-1β antibody on the resulting brain damage. We observed that ACAS surgery causes a reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) of about 30% and grey and white matter damage in and around the hippocampus. The IL-1β antibody treatment did not significantly affect CBF but largely eliminated grey matter damage and reduced white matter damage caused by ACAS surgery. Over the course of hypoperfusion/injury, grip strength, coordination, and memory-related behavior were not significantly affected by ACAS surgery or antibody treatment. We conclude that antibody neutralization of IL-1β is protective from the brain damage caused by chronic, progressive brain hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Quintana
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
| | - Xuefang Ren
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
| | - Heng Hu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
| | - Deborah Corbin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
| | - Elizabeth Engler-Chiurazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
| | - Muhammad Alvi
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - James Simpkins
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
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20
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Blume C, Geiger MF, Müller M, Clusmann H, Mainz V, Kalder J, Brandenburg LO, Mueller CA. Decreased angiogenesis as a possible pathomechanism in cervical degenerative myelopathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2497. [PMID: 33510227 PMCID: PMC7843718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous immune mediated reactions of inflammation and angiogenesis are components of the spinal cord injury in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). The aim of this study was to identify alteration of certain mediators participating in angiogenetic and inflammatory reactions in patients with DCM. A consecutive series of 42 patients with DCM and indication for surgical decompression were enrolled for the study. 28 DCM patients were included, as CSF samples were taken preoperatively. We enrolled 42 patients requiring surgery for a thoracic abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) as neurologically healthy controls. In 38 TAAA patients, CSF samples were taken prior to surgery and thus included. We evaluated the neurological status of patients and controls prior to surgery including NDI and mJOA. Protein-concentrations of factors with a crucial role in inflammation and angiogenesis were measured in CSF via ELISA testing (pg/ml): Angiopoietin 2, VEGF-A and C, RANTES, IL 1 beta and IL 8. Additionally, evaluated the status of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) by Reibers´diagnostic in all participants. Groups evidently differed in their neurological status (mJOA: DCM 10.1 ± 3.3, TAAA 17.3 ± 1.2, p < .001; NDI: DCM 47.4 ± 19.7, TAAA 5.3 ± 8.6, p < .001). There were no particular differences in age and gender distribution. However, we detected statistically significant differences in concentrations of mediators between the groups: Angiopoietin 2 (DCM 267.1.4 ± 81.9, TAAA 408.6 ± 177.1, p < .001) and VEGF C (DCM 152.2 ± 96.1, TAAA 222.4 ± 140.3, p = .04). DCM patients presented a mild to moderate BSCB disruption, controls had no signs of impairment. In patients with DCM, we measured decreased concentrations of angiogenic mediators. These results correspond to findings of immune mediated secondary harm in acute spinal cord injury. Reduced angiogenic activity could be a relevant part of the pathogenesis of DCM and secondary harm to the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Blume
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - M F Geiger
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Department of Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Clusmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - V Mainz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 19, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Kalder
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Gießen University, Rudolf-Buchheim-str. 7, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - L O Brandenburg
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - C A Mueller
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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21
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Kannan A, Delgardo M, Pennington-FitzGerald W, Jiang EX, Christophe BR, Connolly ES. Pharmacological management of cerebral ischemia in the elderly. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 22:897-906. [PMID: 33382005 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1856815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: For elderly adults in the United States, stroke is the fifth leading cause of death of which ischemic strokes comprise a vast majority. Optimal pharmacological management of elderly ischemic stroke patients involves both reperfusion and supportive care. Recent research into pharmacological management has focused on vascular, immunomodulatory, cytoprotective, and alternative agents, some of which have shown limited success in clinical trials. However, no treatments have been established as a reliable mode for management of cerebral ischemia for elderly adults beyond acute thrombolysis.Areas covered: The authors conducted a literature search for ischemic stroke management in the elderly and a search for human drug studies for managing ischemic stroke on clinicaltrials.gov. Here, they describe recent progress in the pharmacological management of cerebral ischemia in the elderly.Expert opinion: Many drug classes (antihypertensive, cytoprotective and immunomodulatory, and alternative agents) have been explored with limited success in managing ischemic stroke, though some have shown preventative benefits. We generally observed a broad gap in evidence on elderly patients from studies across all drug classes, necessitating further studies to gain an understanding of effective management of ischemic stroke in this large demographic of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Kannan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mychael Delgardo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Enoch X Jiang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon R Christophe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Sander Connolly
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Maida CD, Norrito RL, Daidone M, Tuttolomondo A, Pinto A. Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Ischemic Stroke: Focus on Cardioembolic Stroke, Background, and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6454. [PMID: 32899616 PMCID: PMC7555650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important causes of neurological morbidity and mortality in the world is ischemic stroke. It can be a result of multiple events such as embolism with a cardiac origin, occlusion of small vessels in the brain, and atherosclerosis affecting the cerebral circulation. Increasing evidence shows the intricate function played by the immune system in the pathophysiological variations that take place after cerebral ischemic injury. Following the ischemic cerebral harm, we can observe consequent neuroinflammation that causes additional damage provoking the death of the cells; on the other hand, it also plays a beneficial role in stimulating remedial action. Immune mediators are the origin of signals with a proinflammatory position that can boost the cells in the brain and promote the penetration of numerous inflammatory cytotypes (various subtypes of T cells, monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and different inflammatory cells) within the area affected by ischemia; this process is responsible for further ischemic damage of the brain. This inflammatory process seems to involve both the cerebral tissue and the whole organism in cardioembolic stroke, the stroke subtype that is associated with more severe brain damage and a consequent worse outcome (more disability, higher mortality). In this review, the authors want to present an overview of the present learning of the mechanisms of inflammation that takes place in the cerebral tissue and the role of the immune system involved in ischemic stroke, focusing on cardioembolic stroke and its potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Domenico Maida
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.D.); (A.T.); (A.P.)
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine PhD Programme, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Luca Norrito
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.D.); (A.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Mario Daidone
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.D.); (A.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.D.); (A.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Pinto
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.D.); (A.T.); (A.P.)
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Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 Signaling in Acute Inflammation and Neural Differentiation Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090238. [PMID: 32825368 PMCID: PMC7563302 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a shocking disease frequently followed by behavioral disabilities, including risk of cerebral atrophy and dementia. N-formylpeptide receptor 1 (FPR1) is expressed in cells and neurons in the central nervous system. It is involved in inflammatory processes and during the differentiation process in the neural stem cells. We investigate the effect of the absence of Fpr1 gene expression in mice subjected to TBI from the early stage of acute inflammation to neurogenesis and systematic behavioral testing four weeks after injury. C57BL/6 animals and Fpr1 KO mice were subjected to TBI and sacrificed 24 h or four weeks after injury. Twenty-four hours after injury, TBI Fpr1 KO mice showed reduced histological impairment, tissue damage and acute inflammation (MAPK activation, NF-κB signaling induction, NRLP3 inflammasome pathway activation and oxidative stress increase). Conversely, four weeks after TBI, the Fpr1 KO mice showed reduced survival of the proliferated cells in the Dentate Gyrus compared to the WT group. Behavioral analysis confirmed this trend. Moreover, TBI Fpr1 KO animals displayed reduced neural differentiation (evaluated by beta-III tubulin expression) and upregulation of astrocyte differentiation (evaluated by GFAP expression). Collectively, our study reports that, immediately after TBI, Fpr1 increased acute inflammation, while after four weeks, Fpr1 promoted neurogenesis.
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Shi YX, Chen WS. Monascin ameliorate inflammation in the lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 microglial cells via suppressing the NF-κB/p65 pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:461-468. [PMID: 32489561 PMCID: PMC7239424 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.41045.9702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases is complicated, in which inflammatory reactions play a vital role. Microglia cells activation, an essential process of neuroinflammation, can produce neurotoxic molecules and neurotrophic factors, which aggravate inflammation and neuronal injury. Monascin, a major component of red yeast rice, is an azaphilonoid pigment with potential anti-inflammatory effects; however, the effects in central nervous system have not been evaluated. Our goal in this project was to explore the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of Monascin, which may be via anti-inflammatory action. Materials and Methods We used lipopolysaccharide to induce BV-2 microglial cells in order to form an inflammation model in vitro. The anti-inflammatory effects of Monascin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western Blot and Immunofluorescent staining. Results Our data indicated that inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide were suppressed by Monascin treatment. Furthermore, the related pro-inflammatory genes were inhibited consistent with the results of ELISA assay. Western blotting results showed that the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB/p65) was reduced by Monascin treatment may be through suppressing the activation of IκB. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining showed that the translocation of NF-κB/p65 to the cellular nuclear was blockaded after Monascin treatment. Conclusion Taken together, Monascin exerts anti-inflammatory effect and suppressed microglia activation, which suggested its potential therapeutic effect for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiang Shi
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Shan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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25
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Hassan SA, Arbab MA, Abdelrahman SF, Aldeaf SH, Gassoum AF, Musa HH. The Significance of Mutation in IL-1β Gene and Circulatory Level for Prediction of Trauma Severity and Outcome in Traumatic Cerebral Hemorrhagic Contusion. J Acute Med 2020; 10:70-76. [PMID: 32995158 PMCID: PMC7517881 DOI: 10.6705/j.jacme.202003_10(2).0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) is a leading cause of death, disability, and resources consumption. Cerebral hemorrhagic contusions are primary brain lesion and often one of the most visible lesions following TBIs. Interleukin-one beta (IL-1 β) is pro-inflammatory cytokines it is circulatory level and gene have been implicated in secondary brain injury and worse outcome following TBIs. This study is to determine the significance role of IL-1 β gene polymorphism (-511C/T) and circulatory level for prediction trauma severity and outcome in traumatic cerebral hemorrhagic contusion. METHODS The study population includes 90 Sudanese patients with traumatic cerebral hemorrhagic and 90 apparently healthy individuals as control. IL-1β serum concentration was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and IL-1β gene was genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Significant elevation of IL-1β level was seen among trauma patients compared to control (p-value < 0.001). Although there was no significant association between IL-1β level with trauma severity or death; IL-1β level was higher in severe brain injures compared with moderate and mild one, and the mean concentration of IL-1β was high (18.75 pg/mL) among patient developed poor outcome compared to survivals (15.17 pg/mL). T recessive allele of IL-1 β gene was detected in 13.3% of participant. The highest circulatory level of IL-1β (17.8 pg/mL) was observed among patients with TT homozygous alleles. IL-1 β gene polymorphism was not associated with trauma severity and death. CONCLUSIONS IL-1β circulatory level was varied according to trauma severity and highly levels were seen among patients developed unfavorable outcome. IL-1β -511C/T gene was not associated with trauma severity and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Abdelrahman Hassan
- Almugtaribeen University Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Khartoum Sudan
- National Center for Neurological Sciences Khartoum Sudan
| | - Mohamed Abdelrahman Arbab
- National Center for Neurological Sciences Khartoum Sudan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum Department of Surgery Khartoum Sudan
| | | | | | | | - Hassan Hussein Musa
- University of Khartoum Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences Khartoum Sudan
- Darfur College Biomedical Research Institute Nyala Sudan
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Kongsui R, Sriraksa N, Thongrong S. The Neuroprotective Effect of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Extract on LPS-Induced Neuronal Cell Loss and Astroglial Activation within the Hippocampus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4259316. [PMID: 32596307 PMCID: PMC7273477 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4259316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been recognized to induce neuroinflammation which plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the protective effect of Zingiber cassumunar (Z. cassumunar) or Phlai (in Thai) against LPS-induced neuronal cell loss and the upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) of astrocytes in the hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats were orally administered with Z. cassumunar extract at various doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days before a single injection of LPS (250 μg/kg/i.p.). The results indicated that LPS-treated animals exhibited neuronal cell loss and the activation of astrocytes and also increased proinflammatory cytokine interleukin- (IL-) 1β in the hippocampus. Pretreatment with Z. cassumunar markedly reduced neuronal cell loss in the hippocampus. In addition, Z. cassumunar extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW significantly suppressed the inflammatory response by reducing the expression of GFAP and IL-1ß in the hippocampus. Therefore, the results suggested that Z. cassumunar extract might be valuable as a neuroprotective agent in neuroinflammation-induced brain damage. However, further investigations are essential to validate the possible active ingredients and mechanisms of its neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchaniporn Kongsui
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Napatr Sriraksa
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Sitthisak Thongrong
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
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Zhao Y, Shang P, Wang M, Xie M, Liu J. Neuroprotective Effects of Fluoxetine Against Chronic Stress-Induced Neural Inflammation and Apoptosis: Involvement of the p38 Activity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:351. [PMID: 32477152 PMCID: PMC7233199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is considered a widespread neuropsychiatric disease associated with neuronal injury within specific brain regions. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been widely used in depressed patients. Recently, fluoxetine has demonstrated neuroprotective effects apart from the effect on serotonin. However, the underlying mechanism involved in this neuroprotection remains unclear, in particular, whether fluoxetine exerts antidepressant effects via protecting against neuronal injury. Here, we found that treatment with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) for 2 weeks ameliorated depression-like behaviors in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced rat model of depression and was accompanied with an alleviation of glia activation and inhibition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region. Meanwhile, CUMS rats treated with fluoxetine showed reductions in neuronal apoptosis and a downregulation of the apoptotic protein Bax, cleaved caspase 3, and caspase 9 levels. These effects appear to involve a downregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling within the DG hippocampus as the specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, SB203580, significantly suppressed apoptosis, as well as ameliorated depressive behaviors resulting from CUMS exposure. Moreover, fluoxetine could rescue neuronal deterioration and depression-like phenotypes caused by overexpression of p38 in DG. This finding extends our knowledge on the antidepressant-like effects of fluoxetine, which appear to at least partially profit from neuroprotection against inflammation and neuronal apoptosis via downregulation of the p38 MAPK pathway. The neuroprotective mechanisms of fluoxetine may provide some novel therapeutic avenues for stress-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zhao
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Pan Shang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meijian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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González-Nieto D, Fernández-Serra R, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Panetsos F, Martinez-Murillo R, Guinea GV. Biomaterials to Neuroprotect the Stroke Brain: A Large Opportunity for Narrow Time Windows. Cells 2020; 9:E1074. [PMID: 32357544 PMCID: PMC7291200 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke represents one of the most prevalent pathologies in humans and is a leading cause of death and disability. Anti-thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and surgical thrombectomy are the primary treatments to recanalize occluded vessels and normalize the blood flow in ischemic and peri-ischemic regions. A large majority of stroke patients are refractory to treatment or are not eligible due to the narrow time window of therapeutic efficacy. In recent decades, we have significantly increased our knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that inexorably lead to progressive damage in infarcted and peri-lesional brain areas. As a result, promising neuroprotective targets have been identified and exploited in several stroke models. However, these considerable advances have been unsuccessful in clinical contexts. This lack of clinical translatability and the emerging use of biomaterials in different biomedical disciplines have contributed to developing a new class of biomaterial-based systems for the better control of drug delivery in cerebral disorders. These systems are based on specific polymer formulations structured in nanoparticles and hydrogels that can be administered through different routes and, in general, bring the concentrations of drugs to therapeutic levels for prolonged times. In this review, we first provide the general context of the molecular and cellular mechanisms impaired by cerebral ischemia, highlighting the role of excitotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and depolarization waves as the main pathways and targets to promote neuroprotection avoiding neuronal dysfunction. In the second part, we discuss the versatile role played by distinct biomaterials and formats to support the sustained administration of particular compounds to neuroprotect the cerebral tissue at risk of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Nieto
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.F.-S.); (J.P.-R.); (G.V.G.)
- Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Fernández-Serra
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.F.-S.); (J.P.-R.); (G.V.G.)
- Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.F.-S.); (J.P.-R.); (G.V.G.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Neurocomputing and Neurorobotics Research Group: Faculty of Biology and Faculty of Optics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Brain Plasticity Group, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gustavo V. Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.F.-S.); (J.P.-R.); (G.V.G.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Aziza A, Mahmoud R, Zahran E, Gadalla H. Dietary supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid improves growth, biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity and cytokine responses in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:367-374. [PMID: 31866449 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A total of 180 unsexed Nile Tilapia fish (initial weight, 21 g) fed isonitrogenous (32%), isocaloric (3000 kcal/kg) diets containing different levels of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) at levels of (GAA1, 0.06%, GAA2, 0.12%, GAA3, 0.18%); for 60 days. Results showed higher final body weight (FBW) and body weight gain (BWG) in groups supplemented with different levels of GAA. Specific growth rate (SGR) was the highest in groups supplemented with 0.12% and 0.18% GAA. Lipid % of whole-body composition was higher in all groups excluding GAA3 group. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, cholesterol, and creatinine levels showed a marked significant (P < 0.05) increase in all GAA supplemented groups compared to the control one. Triglycerides level demonstrated a higher elevation (P < 0.05) in both GAA2 and GAA3 supplemented groups. No significant observed in total protein, albumin, globulin, and A/G ratio. Lipid peroxidation marker (malondialdehyde/MDA) is markedly decreased along with a significant increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO) levels in both GAA2 and GAA3 compared to other groups. Similarly, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) gene expression levels were downregulated along with upregulation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) at higher GAA levels, particularly at 0.18%. Our findings give important insights for the growth promoting, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of GAA supplemented diet particularly at level of 0.18%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Aziza
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Rania Mahmoud
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Eman Zahran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Hossam Gadalla
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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30
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Fernandez-Serra R, Gallego R, Lozano P, González-Nieto D. Hydrogels for neuroprotection and functional rewiring: a new era for brain engineering. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:783-789. [PMID: 31719237 PMCID: PMC6990788 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.268891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurological devastation of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases reinforces our perseverance to find advanced treatments to deal with these fatal pathologies. High-performance preclinical results have failed at clinical level, as it has been the case for a wide variety of neuroprotective agents and cell-based therapies employed to treat high prevalent brain pathologies such as stroke, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. An unquestionable reality is the current absence of effective therapies to neuroprotect the brain, to arrest neurodegeneration and rewire the impaired brain circuits. Part of the problem might arise from the lack of adequate in vitro and in vivo models and that most of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet clarified. Another contributing factor is the lack of efficient systems to sustain drug release at therapeutic concentrations and enhance the survival and function of grafted cells in transplantation procedures. For medical applications the use of biomaterials of different compositions and formats has experienced a boom in the last decades. Although the greater complexity of central nervous system has probably conditioned their extensive use with respect to other organs, the number of biomaterials-based applications to treat the injured brain or in the process of being damaged has grown exponentially. Hydrogel-based biomaterials have constituted a turning point in the treatment of cerebral disorders using a new form of advanced therapy. Hydrogels show mechanical properties in the range of cerebral tissue resulting very suitable for local implantation of drugs and cells. It is also possible to fabricate three-dimensional hydrogel constructs with adaptable mesh size to facilitate axonal guidance and elongation. Along this article, we review the current trends in this area highlighting the positive impact of hydrogel-based biomaterials over the exhaustive control of drug delivery, cell engraftment and axonal reinnervation in brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebeca Gallego
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Lozano
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Nieto
- Center for Biomedical Technology; Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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31
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Chen MX, Liu Q, Cheng S, Lei L, Lin AJ, Wei R, K Hui TC, Li Q, Ao LJ, Sham PC. Interleukin-18 levels in the hippocampus and behavior of adult rat offspring exposed to prenatal restraint stress during early and late pregnancy. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1748-1756. [PMID: 32209782 PMCID: PMC7437598 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.276358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to maternal stress during prenatal life is associated with an increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, in offspring. It has also been increasingly observed that prenatal stress alters the phenotype of offspring via immunological mechanisms and that immunological dysfunction, such as elevated interleukin-18 levels, has been reported in cultures of microglia. Prenatal restraint stress (PRS) in rats permits direct experimental investigation of the link between prenatal stress and adverse outcomes. However, the majority of studies have focused on the consequences of PRS delivered in the second half of pregnancy, while the effects of early prenatal stress have rarely been examined. Therefore, pregnant rats were subjected to PRS during early/middle and late gestation (days 8-14 and 15-21, respectively). PRS comprised restraint in a round plastic transparent cylinder under bright light (6500 lx) three times per day for 45 minutes. Differences in interleukin-18 expression in the hippocampus and in behavior were compared between offspring rats and control rats on postnatal day 75. We found that adult male offspring exposed to PRS during their late prenatal periods had higher levels of anxiety-related behavior and depression than control rats, and both male and female offspring exhibited higher levels of depression-related behavior, impaired recognition memory and diminished exploration of novel objects. Moreover, an elevated level of interleukin-18 was observed in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus of male and female early- and late-PRS offspring rats. The results indicate that PRS can cause anxiety and depression-related behaviors in adult offspring and affect the expression of interleukin-18 in the hippocampus. Thus, behavior and the molecular biology of the brain are affected by the timing of PRS exposure and the sex of the offspring. All experiments were approved by the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee at Kunming Medical University, China (approval No. KMMU2019074) in January 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Xian Chen
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shu Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, China Resources & WISCO General Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ai-Jin Lin
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tomy C K Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Li-Juan Ao
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Aabed K, Bhat RS, Al-Dbass A, Moubayed N, Algahtani N, Merghani NM, Alanazi A, Zayed N, El-Ansary A. Bee pollen and propolis improve neuroinflammation and dysbiosis induced by propionic acid, a short chain fatty acid in a rodent model of autism. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:200. [PMID: 31733650 PMCID: PMC6858724 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of autism because the cytokine levels are typically disturbed in the brain in autistic patients. Prebiotics-rich diet maintains the healthy gut microbiota and hence can regulate the neuroinflammation indirectly. The study aimed to investigate the role of bee pollen and propolis in ameliorating neuroinflammation, including cytokine levels, in an animal model of autism. METHODS Hamsters were classified as four groups: Group I, control; Group II, autistic model/animals treated with 250 mg propionic acid (PPA)/kg body weight (BW)/day for 3 days; Group III, animals treated with bee pollen at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW/day for 4 weeks; and Group IV, animals treated with propolis at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW/day for 4 weeks. Neuroinflammatory responses were evaluated using the levels of interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). RESULTS Significant decrease of IL-10 (P<0.026), VEGF (P<0.005), and TNFα(P<0.005) levels and increased IL-1α (P<0.032), IL-6(P<0.028), and IFN-γ (P<0.013) levels were observed between the four studied groups. The neurotoxic effects of PPA was clearly presented as much higher IL-6, as pro-inflammatory cytokine (P<0.05), concomitant with much lower IL-10, as anti-inflammatory cytokine(P<0.015) compared to controls. Both bee pollen and propolis were effective in ameliorating the neurotoxic effects of PPA demonstrating non-significant changes of IL-6 and IL-10 when compared to control healthy hamsters. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that both bee pollen and propolis protect against neuroinflammation in the rodent model of autism. However, further studies are needed to investigate the clinical benefits of prebiotics-rich diet in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawther Aabed
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Al-Dbass
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine Moubayed
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Algahtani
- Central laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada M Merghani
- Central laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azizah Alanazi
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naima Zayed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Murphy A, Barbaro J, Martínez-Aguado P, Chilunda V, Jaureguiberry-Bravo M, Berman JW. The Effects of Opioids on HIV Neuropathogenesis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2445. [PMID: 31681322 PMCID: PMC6813247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are a group of neurological deficits that affect approximately half of people living with HIV (PLWH) despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). There are currently no reliable molecular biomarkers or treatments for HAND. Given the national opioid epidemic, as well as illegal and prescription use of opioid drugs among PLWH, it is critical to characterize the molecular interactions between HIV and opioids in cells of the CNS. It is also important to study the role of opioid substitution therapies in the context of HIV and CNS damage in vitro and in vivo. A major mechanism contributing to HIV neuropathogenesis is chronic, low-level inflammation in the CNS. HIV enters the brain within 4–8 days after peripheral infection and establishes CNS reservoirs, even in the context of ART, that are difficult to identify and eliminate. Infected cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and microglia, produce chemokines, cytokines, neurotoxic mediators, and viral proteins that contribute to chronic inflammation and ongoing neuronal damage. Opioids have been shown to impact these immune cells through a variety of molecular mechanisms, including opioid receptor binding and cross desensitization with chemokine receptors. The effects of opioid use on cognitive outcomes in individuals with HAND in clinical studies is variable, and thus multiple biological mechanisms are likely to contribute to the complex relationship between opioids and HIV in the CNS. In this review, we will examine what is known about both HIV and opioid mediated neuropathogenesis, and discuss key molecular processes that may be impacted by HIV and opioids in the context of neuroinflammation and CNS damage. We will also assess what is known about the effects of ART on these processes, and highlight areas of study that should be addressed in the context of ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniella Murphy
- Laboratory of Dr. Joan W. Berman, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - John Barbaro
- Laboratory of Dr. Joan W. Berman, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Pablo Martínez-Aguado
- Laboratory of Dr. Joan W. Berman, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Vanessa Chilunda
- Laboratory of Dr. Joan W. Berman, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Matias Jaureguiberry-Bravo
- Laboratory of Dr. Joan W. Berman, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Joan W Berman
- Laboratory of Dr. Joan W. Berman, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Laboratory of Dr. Joan W. Berman, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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Liang H, Sun Y, Gao A, Zhang N, Jia Y, Yang S, Na M, Liu H, Cheng X, Fang X, Ma W, Zhang X, Wang F. Ac-YVAD-cmk improves neurological function by inhibiting caspase-1-mediated inflammatory response in the intracerebral hemorrhage of rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105771. [PMID: 31352322 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is acknowledged as a serious clinical problem lacking effective treatments. And caspase-1-mediated inflammatory response happened during the progression of ICH. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-cmk on ICH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microglia cells were isolated and activated by thrombin for 24 h. Then the transcript and protein expressions of NLRP3 and inflammatory factors were assessed by RT-PCR and western blotting. Moreover, Ac-YVAD-cmk was injected into the ICH model. The mNSS and brain water content were tested at 24 h post-ICH. Finally, the pathological changes of microglia activation following ICH were discovered by the immunohistochemical and HE staining ways. RESULTS Ac-YVAD-cmk inhibited the activation of pro-caspase-1 and decreased brain edema, in association with decreasing activated microglia and the expression of inflammation-related factors at 24 h post-ICH. Consequently, Ac-YVAD-cmk reduced the release of mature IL-1β/IL-18 in perihematoma, improved the behavioral performance, and alleviated microglia in perihematoma region in ICH rats. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that caspase-1 could amplify the plural inflammatory responses in the ICH. Administration of Ac-YVAD-cmk has the potential to be a novel therapeutic strategy for ICH.
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Chu X, Wu X, Feng H, Zhao H, Tan Y, Wang L, Ran H, Yi L, Peng Y, Tong H, Liu R, Bai W, Shi H, Li L, Huo D. Coupling Between Interleukin-1R1 and Necrosome Complex Involves in Hemin-Induced Neuronal Necroptosis After Intracranial Hemorrhage. Stroke 2019; 49:2473-2482. [PMID: 30355103 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.019253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Accumulated evidence suggests that hemin-a breakdown product of hemoglobin-plays a pivotal role in the inflammatory injuries that result after hemorrhagic stroke through the Toll Like Receptor 2-Toll Like Receptor 4 signal pathway. However, the mechanism of how hemin triggers neuronal necroptosis directly after intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is still an area of active research. As animal model and preclinical studies have shown, the recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) improves clinical outcomes after stroke. As such, we have chosen to investigate the mechanism of how IL-1RA exerts protective effect in hemin-induced neuronal necroptosis after ICH. Methods- Our ICH model was induced by hemin injection in C57BL/6 mice and IL-1R1-/- mice. In addition, we used primary cultured neurons to assess hemin-induced cell death. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunoblot, immunofluorescent staining, neurological deficit scores, and brain water content were used to study the mechanisms of IL-1R1 modulation in neuronal necroptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Results- Free hemin could mediate neuronal necroptosis directly by assembling necrosome complex and then to trigger cell death. This phenomenon was driven by IL-1R1 as IL-1R1 can form a complex with necrosome. After treatment with IL-1RA, both the expression and translocation of the necrosome decreased while disruption of the interaction between IL-1R1 and RIP1/RIP3 (receptor interacting protein 1/3) increased neuron survival. In addition, the IL-1R1-deficient mice demonstrated lower levels of necrosome components, including RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein), compared with control groups after hemin treatment. In addition, the neurological deficit scores, brain water content, and inflammatory response were all also reduced in the IL-1R1-deficient mice. Conclusions- Functional inhibition of the interaction between IL-1R1 and the necrosome complex improves neuron survival and promotes the recovery of neurological function in experimental ICH. Targeting IL-1R1/RIP1/RIP3 assembly could be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chu
- From the College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, China (X.C., D.H.)
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Research Institute of Surgery/Daping Hospital (X.W., Y.T., L.Y., Y.P., H.T., R.L., W.B., L.L.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital (H.F., H.Z.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hengli Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital (H.F., H.Z.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Research Institute of Surgery/Daping Hospital (X.W., Y.T., L.Y., Y.P., H.T., R.L., W.B., L.L.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liting Wang
- College of Pharmacy (L.W., H.R.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiying Ran
- College of Pharmacy (L.W., H.R.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Yi
- Research Institute of Surgery/Daping Hospital (X.W., Y.T., L.Y., Y.P., H.T., R.L., W.B., L.L.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Research Institute of Surgery/Daping Hospital (X.W., Y.T., L.Y., Y.P., H.T., R.L., W.B., L.L.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haipeng Tong
- Research Institute of Surgery/Daping Hospital (X.W., Y.T., L.Y., Y.P., H.T., R.L., W.B., L.L.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Research Institute of Surgery/Daping Hospital (X.W., Y.T., L.Y., Y.P., H.T., R.L., W.B., L.L.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Research Institute of Surgery/Daping Hospital (X.W., Y.T., L.Y., Y.P., H.T., R.L., W.B., L.L.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiwen Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The 401 Hospital of Qingdao, China (H.S.)
| | - Lei Li
- Research Institute of Surgery/Daping Hospital (X.W., Y.T., L.Y., Y.P., H.T., R.L., W.B., L.L.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danqun Huo
- From the College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, China (X.C., D.H.)
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Dukay B, Csoboz B, Tóth ME. Heat-Shock Proteins in Neuroinflammation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:920. [PMID: 31507418 PMCID: PMC6718606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat-shock response, one of the main pro-survival mechanisms of a living organism, has evolved as the biochemical response of cells to cope with heat stress. The most well-characterized aspect of the heat-shock response is the accumulation of a conserved set of proteins termed heat-shock proteins (HSPs). HSPs are key players in protein homeostasis acting as chaperones by aiding the folding and assembly of nascent proteins and protecting against protein aggregation. HSPs have been associated with neurological diseases in the context of their chaperone activity, as they were found to suppress the aggregation of misfolded toxic proteins. In recent times, HSPs have proven to have functions apart from the classical molecular chaperoning in that they play a role in a wider scale of neurological disorders by modulating neuronal survival, inflammation, and disease-specific signaling processes. HSPs are gaining importance based on their ability to fine-tune inflammation and act as immune modulators in various bodily fluids. However, their effect on neuroinflammation processes is not yet fully understood. In this review, we summarize the role of neuroinflammation in acute and chronic pathological conditions affecting the brain. Moreover, we seek to explore the existing literature on HSP-mediated inflammatory function within the central nervous system and compare the function of these proteins when they are localized intracellularly compared to being present in the extracellular milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Dukay
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Csoboz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda E Tóth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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Yi M, Dai X, Li Q, Xu X, Chen Y, Wang D. Downregulated lncRNA CRNDE contributes to the enhancement of nerve repair after traumatic brain injury in rats. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2332-2343. [PMID: 31345079 PMCID: PMC6738523 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1647024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been demonstrated to be involved in craniocerebral disease, but their expression in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still unearthed. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the effect of lncRNA CRNDE on TBI. Methods: Firstly, CRNDE expression was determined in serum of TBI patients and healthy controls. The TBI rat model was established based on Feeney’s freefall impact method. The modeled rats were injected with siRNA against CRNDE, and the rats’ neurobehavioral function were measured. Besides, expression of inflammatory factors, size, shape and number of hippocampal neurons, neuron apoptosis, Beclin I, LC3-I, LC3-II, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), BrdU, nerve growth factor (NGF), nestin, and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) expression were detected through different methods. Results: In TBI, CRNDE was found to be upregulated. Downregulated CRNDE improved neurobehavioral function, repressed expression of neuroinflammatory factors, elevated number of Nissl bodies, as well as restricted neuronal apoptosis and autophagy in TBI rats. Besides, downregulated CRNDE also promoted expression of GFAP, BrdU, NGF, nestin, and NeuN, thus induced the differentiation of neurons and the directional growth and regeneration of nerve fibers. Conclusion: Altogether, we found that silencing of CRNDE might be able to promote the nerve repair after TBI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yi
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , PR China
| | - Xingping Dai
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , PR China
| | - Qiuxia Li
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , PR China
| | - Xia Xu
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , PR China
| | - Yanyi Chen
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , PR China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , PR China
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McCulloch L, Allan SM, Emsley HC, Smith CJ, McColl BW. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist treatment in acute ischaemic stroke does not alter systemic markers of anti-microbial defence. F1000Res 2019; 8:1039. [PMID: 31700615 PMCID: PMC6820822 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19308.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Blockade of the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a candidate treatment for stroke entering phase II/III trials, which acts by inhibiting harmful inflammatory responses. Infection is a common complication after stroke that significantly worsens outcome and is related to stroke-induced deficits in systemic immune function thought to be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Therefore, immunomodulatory treatments for stroke, such as IL-1Ra, carry a risk of aggravating stroke-associated infection. Our primary objective was to determine if factors associated with antibody-mediated antibacterial defences were further compromised in patients treated with IL-1Ra after stroke. Methods: We assessed plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin isotypes and complement components in stroke patients treated with IL-1Ra or placebo and untreated non-stroke controls using multiplex protein assays. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) was determined by measuring noradrenaline, a major SNS mediator. Results: There were significantly lower plasma concentrations of IgM, IgA, IgG1 and IgG4 in stroke-patients compared to non-stroke controls, however there were no differences between stroke patients treated with placebo or IL-1Ra. Concentrations of complement components associated with the classical pathway were increased and those associated with the alternative pathways decreased in stroke patients, neither being affected by treatment with IL-1Ra. Noradrenaline concentrations were increased after stroke in both placebo and IL-1Ra-treated stroke patients compared to non-stroke controls. Conclusion: These data show treatment with IL-1Ra after stroke does not alter circulating immunoglobulin and complement concentrations and is therefore unlikely to further aggravate stroke-associated infection susceptibility through altered availability of these key anti-microbial mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McCulloch
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Stuart M. Allan
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hedley C. Emsley
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Craig J. Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Greater Manchester Comprehensive Stroke Centre, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Barry W. McColl
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
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McCulloch L, Allan SM, Emsley HC, Smith CJ, McColl BW. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist treatment in acute ischaemic stroke does not alter systemic markers of anti-microbial defence. F1000Res 2019; 8:1039. [PMID: 31700615 PMCID: PMC6820822 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19308.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Blockade of the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a candidate treatment for stroke entering phase II/III trials, which acts by inhibiting harmful inflammatory responses. Infection is a common complication after stroke that significantly worsens outcome and is related to stroke-induced deficits in systemic immune function thought to be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Therefore, immunomodulatory treatments for stroke, such as IL-1Ra, carry a risk of aggravating stroke-associated infection. Our primary objective was to determine if factors associated with antibody-mediated antibacterial defences were further compromised in patients treated with IL-1Ra after stroke. Methods: We assessed plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin isotypes and complement components in stroke patients treated with IL-1Ra or placebo and untreated non-stroke controls using multiplex protein assays. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) was determined by measuring noradrenaline, a major SNS mediator. Results: There were significantly lower plasma concentrations of IgM, IgA, IgG1 and IgG4 in stroke-patients compared to non-stroke controls, however there were no differences between stroke patients treated with placebo or IL-1Ra. Concentrations of complement components associated with the classical pathway were increased and those associated with the alternative pathways decreased in stroke patients, neither being affected by treatment with IL-1Ra. Noradrenaline concentrations were increased after stroke in both placebo and IL-1Ra-treated stroke patients compared to non-stroke controls. Conclusion: These data show treatment with IL-1Ra after stroke does not alter circulating immunoglobulin and complement concentrations and is therefore unlikely to further aggravate stroke-associated infection susceptibility through reduced availability of these key anti-microbial mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McCulloch
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Stuart M. Allan
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hedley C. Emsley
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Craig J. Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Greater Manchester Comprehensive Stroke Centre, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Barry W. McColl
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
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Cao L, Guo Y, Zhu Z. Study of the Inflammatory Mechanisms in Hyperhomocysteinemia on Large-Artery Atherosclerosis Based on Hypersensitive C-Reactive Protein-A Study from Southern China. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:1816-1823. [PMID: 31080137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the inflammatory mechanism of hyperhomocysteinemia on large-artery atherosclerosis based on hypersensitive C-reactive protein in patients. METHODS In all, 153 inpatients and 1357 physical examinees were selected. The levels of homocysteine were compared between the carotid/intracranial artery stenosis group and the nonstenosis group, between the carotid artery unstable plaque group and the nonplaque group, and between the intima-media thickness (IMT) greater than or equal to 1 group and the normal IMT group. The hypersensitive C-reactive protein levels were compared between the lacunar infarction (LI) group and the nonstroke control group and between the unstable plaque group and the nonplaque group. RESULTS Homocysteine level was significantly higher in the carotid/intracranial artery stenosis group than in the nonstenosis group, in the LI group than in the inpatient nonstroke group, and in the IMT greater than or equal to 1 group than in the normal IMT group. The hypersensitive C-reactive protein level was significantly higher in the LI group than in the nonstroke group and in the unstable plaque group than in the nonplaque group. CONCLUSIONS Hyperhomocysteinemia may aggravate the development of IMT, carotid atherosclerotic plaque instability, and carotid/intracranial artery stenosis by increasing inflammation, ultimately leading to the occurrence of LI. Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced inflammation mechanism warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Cao
- Department of neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guang zhou, China; Department of Neurology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen City, China.
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen City, China
| | - Zhishan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen City, China
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Saletti PG, Ali I, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Semple BD, Lisgaras CP, Moshé SL, Galanopoulou AS. In search of antiepileptogenic treatments for post-traumatic epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 123:86-99. [PMID: 29936231 PMCID: PMC6309524 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is diagnosed in 20% of individuals with acquired epilepsy, and can impact significantly the quality of life due to the seizures and other functional or cognitive and behavioral outcomes of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) and PTE. There is no available antiepileptogenic or disease modifying treatment for PTE. Animal models of TBI and PTE have been developed, offering useful insights on the value of inflammatory, neurodegenerative pathways, hemorrhages and iron accumulation, calcium channels and other target pathways that could be used for treatment development. Most of the existing preclinical studies test efficacy towards pathologies of functional recovery after TBI, while a few studies are emerging testing the effects towards induced or spontaneous seizures. Here we review the existing preclinical trials testing new candidate treatments for TBI sequelae and PTE, and discuss future directions for efforts aiming at developing antiepileptogenic and disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G Saletti
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Idrish Ali
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Panagiotis Lisgaras
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Solomon L Moshé
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Einstein/Montefiore Epilepsy Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Einstein/Montefiore Epilepsy Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aristea S Galanopoulou
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Einstein/Montefiore Epilepsy Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Guvenc G, Kizmazoglu C, Aydin HE. Effect of Mannitol Infusion on Optic Nerve Injury After Acute Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Brain Injury. J Craniofac Surg 2018; 29:1772-1775. [PMID: 30106807 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000004827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this paper is to investigate the neuroprotective and antiinflammatory effects of mannitol on optic nerve injury after acute traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain injury in rat models. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) were produced by a custom-made weight-drop impact acceleration device. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. Group I (n = 10) was the sham group, group II (n = 10) received TBI, and group III (n = 10) received TBI + mannitol (1 mg/kg intravenously). Optic nerve tissue glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels were measured 4 hours after the trauma. The authors used Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis and Mann-Whitney U tests for statistical analysis. Optic nerve tissue GPx levels were significantly higher in group III than in groups I and II (P < 0.05). Optic nerve tissue IL-1β levels were significantly lower in group III than in group II (P < 0.05) and higher than in group I (P < 0.05).Mannitol increased the antioxidant GPx levels and decreased the IL-1β levels, which can protect the optic nerve from secondary injury after severe acute trauma. Mannitol plays an important role in the treatment of acute severe indirect optic nerve injury after TBI and tSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonul Guvenc
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University
| | - Ceren Kizmazoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine Hospital, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir
| | - Hasan Emre Aydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey
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Gugliandolo E, D'Amico R, Cordaro M, Fusco R, Siracusa R, Crupi R, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Neuroprotective Effect of Artesunate in Experimental Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2018; 9:590. [PMID: 30108544 PMCID: PMC6079305 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are an important public health challenge. In addition, subsequent events at TBI can compromise the quality of life of these patients. In fact, TBI is associated with several complications for both long and short term, some evidence shows how TBI is associated with a decline in cognitive functions such as the risk of developing dementia, cerebral atrophy, and Parkinson disease. After the direct damage from TBI, a key role in TBI injury is played by the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, that contributes to tissue damage and to neurodegenerative processes, typical of secondary injury, after TBI. Given the complex series of events that are involved after TBI injury, a multitarget pharmacological approach is needed. Artesunate is a more stable derivative of its precursor artemisin, a sesquiterpene lactone obtained from a Chinese plant Artemisia annua, a plant used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. artesunate has been shown to be a pluripotent agent with different pharmacological actions. therefore, in this experimental model of TBI we evaluated whether the treatment with artesunate at the dose of 30 mg\Kg, had an efficacy in reducing the neuroinflammatory process after TBI injury, and in inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, which plays a key role in the inflammatory process. We also assessed whether treatment with artesunate was able to exert a neuroprotective action by modulating the release of neurotrophic factors. our results show that artesunate was able to reduce the TBI-induced lesion, it also showed an anti-inflammatory action through the inhibition of Nf-kb, release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α and through the inhibition NLRP3 inflammasome complex, furthermore was able to reduce the activation of astrocytes and microglia (GFAP, Iba-1). Finally, our results show that the protective effects of artesunate also occur through the modulation of neurotrophic factors (BDNF, GDNF, NT-3) that play a key role in neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Sun J, Zheng J, Wang F, Zhang G, Wu J. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen combined with nimodipine on treatment of diffuse brain injury. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4651-4658. [PMID: 29805482 PMCID: PMC5958703 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to was investigate the treatment efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) combined with nimodipine on diffuse brain injury. AA total of 80 patients with diffuse brain injury were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, conventional treatment; Group B, conventional treatment + nimodipine; Group C, conventional treatment + HBO therapy and Group D, conventional treatment + nimodipine + HBO therapy. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels were assessed before treatment and at 8, 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment. The bilateral middle cerebral arterial blood flow velocity (VmMCA) was measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. The results indicated that serum TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly decreased in all groups at 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment, compared with 8 h after treatment (P<0.05), with Group D exhibiting the largest decrease. The serum TNF-α, IL-1β and VmMCA peaked at 8 h and gradually decreased over the treatment period. VmMCA was decreased in Group B and D compared with Group A and C, and the decrease rate was higher in Group D compared with Group B (P<0.05). GCS scores were significantly increased in all groups at 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment compared with 8 h after treatment (P<0.05), with Group D exhibiting the largest increase. Serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were positively correlated with VmMCA (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with GCS (P<0.05). Punctate hemorrhage was observed in all groups on CT before treatment, with a value of 66±3 HU. Punctate hemorrhage was observed to decrease over time in CT images, and CT values were significantly decreased in all groups at 8, 24, 48 and 72 h compared with before treatment (P<0.05). CT values were significantly lower in group D compared with groups A, B and C (P<0.05) at all time points. Serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were positively correlated with CT value (P<0.05). In conclusion, HBO combined with nimodipine exhibited increased efficacy in the treatment of brain injury compared with either treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 05000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 05000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 05000, P.R. China
| | - Gengshen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 05000, P.R. China
| | - Jianliang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 05000, P.R. China
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You P, Fu S, Yu K, Xia Y, Wu H, Yang Y, Ma C, Liu D, Chen X, Wang J, Ye X, Liu Y. Scutellarin suppresses neuroinflammation via the inhibition of the AKT/NF-κB and p38/JNK pathway in LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:743-751. [PMID: 29680917 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that scutellarin (SCU) exerts anti-inflammatory effects in the central nervous system (CNS) and inhibits microglia activation. This study investigated the anti-neuroinflammation molecular mechanisms exerted by scutellarin in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. The results showed that production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NO and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS mRNA were inhibited by scutellarin, which was independent of cytotoxicity as assessed by a CCK8 assay. Western blot analysis indicated that NF-κB-p65 phosphorylation was suppressed by scutellarin via inhibition of IκB degradation and IKKβ activation, which coincided with blockage of nuclear translocation of NF-κB as shown by immunofluorescent staining. Consistent with the inhibition of NF-κB, scutellarin inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and AKT without affecting phosphorylation of ERK1/2 or PI3K in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. Overall, the present study suggests that scutellarin inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory mediators via inhibition of the IKK-dependent NF-κB and p38/JNK signaling pathway, which inhibits microglia activation and exerts anti-inflammation, indicating its potential therapeutic effect for neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao You
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 HuangJia Hu Road West, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, People's Republic of China.
| | - San Fu
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 HuangJia Hu Road West, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 HuangJia Hu Road West, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hezhen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 HuangJia Hu Road West, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 HuangJia Hu Road West, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 HuangJia Hu Road West, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 HuangJia Hu Road West, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 HuangJia Hu Road West, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 HuangJia Hu Road West, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, People's Republic of China
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Mc Fie S, Abrahams S, Patricios J, Suter J, Posthumus M, September AV. Inflammatory and apoptotic signalling pathways and concussion severity: a genetic association study. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:2226-2234. [PMID: 29509495 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1448570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the relationship between IL-1B rs16944, IL-6 rs1800795, and CASP8 rs3834129 genetic polymorphisms and concussion severity. Rugby players from high school, senior amateur, and professional teams completed a concussion severity questionnaire and donated a DNA sample. Participants (n = 163) were split into symptom severity groups around the median number and duration of symptoms. The frequency of participants with high symptom counts (more than five symptoms) increased across the IL-1B (C/C: 35%; C/T: 51%; T/T: 56%; P = 0.047) and the IL-6 (C/C: 31%; C/G: 44%; G/G: 58%; P = 0.027) genotypes. The C-C inferred interleukin allele construct frequency, created from combining the IL-1B and IL-6 genotype data, was lower in participants reporting a high symptom count (18%), compared to those with a low symptom count (fewer than six symptoms, 36%, P = 0.002). Similarly, the C-C inferred interleukin allele construct frequency was lower in those reporting prolonged symptom duration (more than one week, 16%), as opposed to short symptom duration (less than one week, 34%, P = 0.015). This study provides evidence of novel inflammatory pathway genetic associations with concussion severity, which supports the hypothesis implicating neuroinflammation in the development of concussion symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mc Fie
- a Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Science , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Shameemah Abrahams
- a Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Science , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Jon Patricios
- b Morningside Sports Medicine Clinic , Johannesburg , South Africa.,c Section of Sports Medicine , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa.,d Department of Emergency Medicine , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Jason Suter
- e Sports Science Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Michael Posthumus
- a Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Science , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Alison V September
- a Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Science , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
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Wang Y, Qin Y, Wang T, Chen Y, Lang X, Zheng J, Gao S, Chen S, Zhong X, Mu Y, Wu X, Zhang F, Zhao W, Zhong Z. Pyroptosis induced by enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus B3 infection affects viral replication and host response. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2887. [PMID: 29440739 PMCID: PMC5811489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the primary causative pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), affecting children with severe neurological complications. Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death characterized by cell lysis and inflammatory response. Although proinflammatory response has been implicated to play important roles in EV71-caused diseases, the involvement of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of EV71 is poorly defined. We show that EV71 infection induced caspase-1 activation. Responding to the activation of caspase-1, the expression and secretion of both IL-1β and IL-18 were increased in EV71-infected cells. The treatment of caspase-1 inhibitor markedly improved the systemic response of the EV71-infected mice. Importantly, caspase-1 inhibitor suppressed EV71 replication in mouse brains. Similarly, pyroptosis was activated by the infection of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), an important member of the Enterovirus genus. Caspase-1 activation and the increased expression of IL-18 and NLRP3 were demonstrated in HeLa cells infected with CVB3. Caspase-1 inhibitor also alleviated the overall conditions of virus-infected mice with markedly decreased replication of CVB3 and reduced expression of caspase-1. These results indicate that pyroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of both EV71 and CVB3 infections, and the treatment of caspase-1 inhibitor is beneficial to the host response during enterovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Tianying Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiujuan Lang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shuoyang Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yusong Mu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Fengming Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wenran Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Li T, Li YT, Song DY. The expression of IL-1β can deteriorate the prognosis of nervous system after spinal cord injury. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:778-782. [PMID: 29308940 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1424154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We used Anakinra to inhibit the expression of IL-1β based on the model of spinal cord injury in the rat stomach and explored whether it had a certain neuroprotective effect after spinal cord injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS The spinal cord injury model of four segments (T5-T8) was prepared by using vascular clamp. Thirty rats were randomized to the control group and the experimental group, and the control group used normal saline, while the experimental group used Anakinra after spinal cord injury. The spinal cord tissue was extracted at 6 h and 24 h after the operation to carry out the histopathological evaluation and to analyze the contents of IL-1β and malondialdehyde and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. RESULTS Edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were obviously seen after spinal cord injury, the IL-1β level in serum was significantly increased, but the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase was decreased in the control group compared with the experimental group. The experimental group could increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, but had no significant effect on malondialdehyde. CONCLUSIONS Anakinra had a certain protective effect through the inhibition of IL-1β on spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- a Department of Spinal Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , P.R. China
| | - Yu-Tang Li
- b Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Di-Yu Song
- c Department of Orthopedics , The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force , Beijing , P.R. China
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Licochalcone A Prevents the Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons by Inhibiting Microglial Activation in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Parkinson's Disease Models. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102043. [PMID: 28937602 PMCID: PMC5666725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of Licochalcone A (Lico.A), a flavonoid isolated from the herb licorice, in Parkinson's disease (PD) have not been elucidated. The prominent pathological feature of PD is the loss of dopaminergic neurons. The crucial role of neuroinflammation induced by activated microglia in dopaminergic neurodegeneration has been validated. In this study, we explore the therapeutic effects of Lico.A in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PD models in vivo and in vitro. We find that Lico.A significantly inhibits LPS-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory mediators and microglial activation by blocking the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 in BV-2 cells. In addition, through cultured primary mesencephalic neuron-glia cell experiments, we illustrate that Lico.A attenuates the decrease in [³H] dopamine (DA) uptake and the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) neurons in LPS-induced PD models in vitro. Furthermore, LPS intoxication in rats results in microglial activation, dopaminergic neurodegeneration and significant behavioral deficits in vivo. Lico.A treatment prevents microglial activation and reduction of dopaminergic neuron and ameliorates PD-like behavioral impairments. Thus, these results demonstrate for the first time that the neuroprotective effects of Lico.A are associated with microglia and anti-inflammatory effects in PD models.
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50
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Boro M, Balaji KN. CXCL1 and CXCL2 Regulate NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via G-Protein–Coupled Receptor CXCR2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1660-1671. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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