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Fessler F, Wittmann M, Simmchen J, Stocco A. Autonomous engulfment of active colloids by giant lipid vesicles. SOFT MATTER 2024. [PMID: 38938147 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00337c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Our ability to design artificial micro/nanomachines able to perform sophisticated tasks crucially depends on our understanding of their interaction with biosystems and their compatibility with the biological environment. Here, we design Janus colloids fuelled only by glucose and light, which can autonomously interact with cell-like compartments and trigger endocytosis. We evidence the crucial role played by the far-field hydrodynamic interaction arising from the puller/pusher swimming mode and adhesion. We show that a large contact time between the active particle and the lipid membrane is required to observe the engulfment of a particle inside a floppy giant lipid vesicle. Active Janus colloids showing relatively small velocities and a puller type swimming mode are able to target giant vesicles, deform their membranes and subsequently get stably engulfed. An instability arising from the unbound membrane segment is responsible for the transition between partial and complete stable engulfment. These experiments shed light on the physical criteria required for autonomous active particle engulfment in giant vesicles, which can serve as general principles in disciplines ranging from drug delivery and microbial infection to nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Fessler
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR-22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Martin Wittmann
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane Simmchen
- Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Cathedral Street, Glasgow, UK
| | - Antonio Stocco
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR-22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, France.
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2
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Saffi GT, Tang E, Mamand S, Inpanathan S, Fountain A, Salmena L, Botelho RJ. Reactive oxygen species prevent lysosome coalescence during PIKfyve inhibition. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259313. [PMID: 34813622 PMCID: PMC8610251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are terminal, degradative organelles of the endosomal pathway that undergo repeated fusion-fission cycles with themselves, endosomes, phagosomes, and autophagosomes. Lysosome number and size depends on balanced fusion and fission rates. Thus, conditions that favour fusion over fission can reduce lysosome numbers while enlarging their size. Conversely, favouring fission over fusion may cause lysosome fragmentation and increase their numbers. PIKfyve is a phosphoinositide kinase that generates phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate to modulate lysosomal functions. PIKfyve inhibition causes an increase in lysosome size and reduction in lysosome number, consistent with lysosome coalescence. This is thought to proceed through reduced lysosome reformation and/or fission after fusion with endosomes or other lysosomes. Previously, we observed that photo-damage during live-cell imaging prevented lysosome coalescence during PIKfyve inhibition. Thus, we postulated that lysosome fusion and/or fission dynamics are affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that ROS generated by various independent mechanisms all impaired lysosome coalescence during PIKfyve inhibition and promoted lysosome fragmentation during PIKfyve re-activation. However, depending on the ROS species or mode of production, lysosome dynamics were affected distinctly. H2O2 impaired lysosome motility and reduced lysosome fusion with phagosomes, suggesting that H2O2 reduces lysosome fusogenecity. In comparison, inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, thiol groups, glutathione, or thioredoxin, did not impair lysosome motility but instead promoted clearance of actin puncta on lysosomes formed during PIKfyve inhibition. Additionally, actin depolymerizing agents prevented lysosome coalescence during PIKfyve inhibition. Thus, we discovered that ROS can generally prevent lysosome coalescence during PIKfyve inhibition using distinct mechanisms depending on the type of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam T. Saffi
- Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sami Mamand
- Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Polytechnic Research Center, Erbil Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Regional Government, Erbil, Kurdistan
| | - Subothan Inpanathan
- Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron Fountain
- Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonardo Salmena
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberto J. Botelho
- Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Goldblum RR, McClellan M, White K, Gonzalez SJ, Thompson BR, Vang HX, Cohen H, Higgins L, Markowski TW, Yang TY, Metzger JM, Gardner MK. Oxidative stress pathogenically remodels the cardiac myocyte cytoskeleton via structural alterations to the microtubule lattice. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2252-2266.e6. [PMID: 34343476 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the failing heart, the cardiac myocyte microtubule network is remodeled, which contributes to cellular contractile failure and patient death. However, the origins of this deleterious cytoskeletal reorganization are unknown. We now find that oxidative stress, a condition characteristic of heart failure, leads to cysteine oxidation of microtubules. Our electron and fluorescence microscopy experiments revealed regions of structural damage within the microtubule lattice that occurred at locations of oxidized tubulin. The incorporation of GTP-tubulin into these damaged, oxidized regions led to stabilized "hot spots" within the microtubule lattice, which suppressed the shortening of dynamic microtubules. Thus, oxidative stress may act inside of cardiac myocytes to facilitate a pathogenic shift from a sparse microtubule network into a dense, aligned network. Our results demonstrate how a disease condition characterized by oxidative stress can trigger a molecular oxidation event, which likely contributes to a toxic cellular-scale transformation of the cardiac myocyte microtubule network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Goldblum
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark McClellan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kyle White
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Samuel J Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brian R Thompson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hluechy X Vang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Houda Cohen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - LeeAnn Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Todd W Markowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joseph M Metzger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Melissa K Gardner
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Cioffi F, Adam RHI, Broersen K. Molecular Mechanisms and Genetics of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:981-1017. [PMID: 31744008 PMCID: PMC6971833 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder that can cause dementia in elderly over 60 years of age. One of the disease hallmarks is oxidative stress which interconnects with other processes such as amyloid-β deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and tangle formation. This review discusses current thoughts on molecular mechanisms that may relate oxidative stress to Alzheimer’s disease and identifies genetic factors observed from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that may be associated with Alzheimer’s disease-related oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cioffi
- Nanobiophysics Group, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rayan Hassan Ibrahim Adam
- Nanobiophysics Group, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Kerensa Broersen
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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5
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Drum BML, Yuan C, Li L, Liu Q, Wordeman L, Santana LF. Oxidative stress decreases microtubule growth and stability in ventricular myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 93:32-43. [PMID: 26902968 PMCID: PMC4902331 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) have many roles in ventricular myocytes, including structural stability, morphological integrity, and protein trafficking. However, despite their functional importance, dynamic MTs had never been visualized in living adult myocytes. Using adeno-associated viral vectors expressing the MT-associated protein plus end binding protein 3 (EB3) tagged with EGFP, we were able to perform live imaging and thus capture and quantify MT dynamics in ventricular myocytes in real time under physiological conditions. Super-resolution nanoscopy revealed that EB1 associated in puncta along the length of MTs in ventricular myocytes. The vast (~80%) majority of MTs grew perpendicular to T-tubules at a rate of 0.06μm∗s(-1) and growth was preferentially (82%) confined to a single sarcomere. Microtubule catastrophe rate was lower near the Z-line than M-line. Hydrogen peroxide increased the rate of catastrophe of MTs ~7-fold, suggesting that oxidative stress destabilizes these structures in ventricular myocytes. We also quantified MT dynamics after myocardial infarction (MI), a pathological condition associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our data indicate that the catastrophe rate of MTs increases following MI. This contributed to decreased transient outward K(+) currents by decreasing the surface expression of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 channels after MI. On the basis of these data, we conclude that, under physiological conditions, MT growth is directionally biased and that increased ROS production during MI disrupts MT dynamics, decreasing K(+) channel trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M L Drum
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Can Yuan
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Qinghang Liu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Linda Wordeman
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Deparment of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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Islam MS, Kabir AMR, Inoue D, Sada K, Kakugo A. Enhanced dynamic instability of microtubules in a ROS free inert environment. Biophys Chem 2015; 211:1-8. [PMID: 26774598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), one of the regulators in various biological processes, have recently been suspected to modulate microtubule (MT) dynamics in cells. However due to complicated cellular environment and unavailability of any in vitro investigation, no detail is understood yet. Here, by performing simple in vitro investigations, we have unveiled the effect of ROS on MT dynamics. By studying dynamic instability of MTs in a ROS free environment and comparing with that in the presence of ROS, we disclosed that MTs showed enhanced dynamics in the ROS free environment. All the parameters that define dynamic instability of MTs e.g., growth and shrinkage rates, rescue and catastrophe frequencies were significantly affected by the presence of ROS. This work clearly reveals the role of ROS in modulating MT dynamics in vitro, and would be a great help in understanding the role of ROS in regulation of MT dynamics in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sirajul Islam
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Inoue
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sada
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Akira Kakugo
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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7
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Hu WG, Lu QP. Impact of oxidative stress on the cytoskeleton of pancreatic epithelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1438-1442. [PMID: 25289036 PMCID: PMC4186494 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study the effect of reactive oxygen species on the morphological changes of pancreatic epithelial cells in a three-dimensional culture system was investigated. In addition, the expression of signaling molecules during this process was determined. Matrigel™ was used to construct a three-dimensional culture model of pancreatic epithelial and cancer cells. The cultured cells were stimulated with 1 or 200 μmol/l H2O2 (a typical reactive oxygen species), and the morphological changes were then evaluated after 15 min, 1 h and 4 h. The cytoskeleton of the cells was observed using laser scanning confocal microscopy with immunofluorescence staining. In addition, the nuclear content of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) was detected using ELISA. The results demonstrated that treatment with 200 μmol/l H2O2 induced cell contraction after 15 min, and cell morphology recovered after 1 h; however, cell size was reduced after 4 h. Consequently, intracellular actin and microtubules were rapidly lost following H2O2 treatment, and the cytoskeleton became indistinct and eventually disintegrated after 4 h. Similar observations were noted for the normal pancreatic epithelial and cancer cells. By contrast, treatment with 1 μmol/l H2O2 did not affect the morphology and cytoskeleton of pancreatic epithelial cells. In addition, 200 μmol/l H2O2 treatment increased the activity of NF-κB gradually, while 1 μmol/l H2O2 treatment was found to have little impact on the activity of NF-κB. Therefore, it was demonstrated that oxidative stress can induce the early onset of reversible cell contraction and cytoskeleton depolarization in pancreatic epithelial cells, and can increase NF-κB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guo Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Ping Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
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Parker AL, Kavallaris M, McCarroll JA. Microtubules and their role in cellular stress in cancer. Front Oncol 2014; 4:153. [PMID: 24995158 PMCID: PMC4061531 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are highly dynamic structures, which consist of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers, and are involved in cell movement, intracellular trafficking, and mitosis. In the context of cancer, the tubulin family of proteins is recognized as the target of the tubulin-binding chemotherapeutics, which suppress the dynamics of the mitotic spindle to cause mitotic arrest and cell death. Importantly, changes in microtubule stability and the expression of different tubulin isotypes as well as altered post-translational modifications have been reported for a range of cancers. These changes have been correlated with poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance in solid and hematological cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying these observations have remained poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that tubulins and microtubule-associated proteins may play a role in a range of cellular stress responses, thus conferring survival advantage to cancer cells. This review will focus on the importance of the microtubule-protein network in regulating critical cellular processes in response to stress. Understanding the role of microtubules in this context may offer novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Parker
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
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Pravda J. Metabolic theory of septic shock. World J Crit Care Med 2014; 3:45-54. [PMID: 24892019 PMCID: PMC4038812 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v3.i2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic shock is a life threatening condition that can develop subsequent to infection. Mortality can reach as high as 80% with over 150000 deaths yearly in the United States alone. Septic shock causes progressive failure of vital homeostatic mechanisms culminating in immunosuppression, coagulopathy and microvascular dysfunction which can lead to refractory hypotension, organ failure and death. The hypermetabolic response that accompanies a systemic inflammatory reaction places high demands upon stored nutritional resources. A crucial element that can become depleted early during the progression to septic shock is glutathione. Glutathione is chiefly responsible for supplying reducing equivalents to neutralize hydrogen peroxide, a toxic oxidizing agent that is produced during normal metabolism. Without glutathione, hydrogen peroxide can rise to toxic levels in tissues and blood where it can cause severe oxidative injury to organs and to the microvasculature. Continued exposure can result in microvascular dysfunction, capillary leakage and septic shock. It is the aim of this paper to present evidence that elevated systemic levels of hydrogen peroxide are present in septic shock victims and that it significantly contributes to the development and progression of this frequently lethal condition.
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Aan GJ, Hairi HA, Makpol S, Rahman MA, Karsani SA. Differences in protein changes between stress-induced premature senescence and replicative senescence states. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2209-17. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Goon Jo Aan
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur; Malaysia
| | - Haryati Ahmad Hairi
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur; Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur; Malaysia
| | - Mariati Abdul Rahman
- Department of Clinical Oral Biology; Faculty of Dentistry; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur; Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR); University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur; Malaysia
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Landegren T, Risling M, Persson J, Sondén A. Cyanoacrylate in nerve repair: transient cytotoxic effect. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 39:705-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Ostergaard L, Simonsen U, Eskildsen-Helmond Y, Vorum H, Uldbjerg N, Honoré B, Mulvany MJ. Proteomics reveals lowering oxygen alters cytoskeletal and endoplasmatic stress proteins in human endothelial cells. Proteomics 2009; 9:4457-67. [PMID: 19670369 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A proteomic approach was applied to explore the signalling pathways elicited by lowering O(2) in endothelial cells. Endothelial cells isolated from native umbilical cords were subjected to 21, 5, or 1% O(2) for 24 h. 2-D PAGE was performed and candidate proteins were identified using LC-MS/MS. Lowering of O(2) from 21 to 5% induced upregulation of cofilin-1, cyclophilin A, tubulin and tubulin fragments, a fragment of glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78) and calmodulin. The upregulation of Grp78 suggested that ER stress proteins were altered and indeed Grp94 and caspase 12 expression were increased in cells exposed to 5% O(2). The presence of ER stress is also supported by findings of blunted caffeine-evoked ER calcium release in cells exposed to 5 and 1% O(2). Exposure to 1% O(2) caused increases in cofilin-1, cyclophilin A, and caspase 12 as well as a decrease of beta-actin, but it did not alter the expression of calmodulin, tubulin, Grp78, and Grp94. Incubation with CoCl(2), a stabilizer of the hypoxia-inducible factor, increased the expression of several of the proteins. The present investigations reveal that lowering O(2), probably in part through hypoxia-inducible factor, alter the expression of a series of proteins mainly involved in cytoskeletal changes (e.g. cofilin-1, tubulin, and beta-actin) and in ER stress/apoptosis (e.g. Grp78/94, caspase 12, and cyclophilin A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ostergaard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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14
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Steták A, Veress R, Ovádi J, Csermely P, Kéri G, Ullrich A. Nuclear translocation of the tumor marker pyruvate kinase M2 induces programmed cell death. Cancer Res 2007; 67:1602-8. [PMID: 17308100 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells often fail to respond to stimuli that normally activate their intrinsic apoptotic machinery. Moreover, they are able to adapt to hypoxia by changing their glycolytic rate. Pyruvate kinase (PK) is a rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis that is converted to a less active dimer form of PKM2 isoenzyme during oncogenesis. Here, we show that both somatostatin and the structural analogue TT-232 interact with the PKM subtype. We further show that the PKM2 is translocated to the nucleus in response to TT-232 and different apoptotic agents. Nuclear translocation of PKM2 is sufficient to induce cell death that is caspase independent, isoform specific, and independent of its enzymatic activity. These results show that the tumor marker PKM2 plays a general role in caspase-independent cell death of tumor cells and thereby defines this glycolytic enzyme as a novel target for cancer therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Steták
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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15
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Sondén A, Johansson ASM, Palmblad J, Kjellström BT. Proinflammatory Reaction and Cytoskeletal Alterations in Endothelial Cells after Shock Wave Exposure. J Investig Med 2006; 54:262-71. [PMID: 16984799 DOI: 10.2310/6650.2006.05018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the effects on human organs by shock waves (SWs) induced by medical treatments or high-energy trauma are well recognized, little is known about the effects on the cellular level. Since blood vessel injury is a common finding after SW exposure, we assessed the in vitro effects of SWs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS An in vitro trauma model was used to expose HUVEC monolayers to focused SWs or to shock waves plus cavitation (SWC), a subsequent phenomenon that is often considered the main cause of SW vascular injury. RESULTS SWs alone did not cause any changes in the studied variables. In contrast, HUVEC monolayers exposed to SWC exhibited discrete central lesions with extensive cell death. Cells peripheral to the main lesion area displayed disassembly of dense peripheral bands and formation of actin stress fibers, indicating increased intercellular gaps. Expression of P-selectin was enhanced 11-fold compared with controls, whereas expression of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 was enhanced 8-fold (p < .05) and 1.5-fold (p < .01), respectively. The latter responses were preceded by nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappaB subunit p65 by 16% (p < .01). When compared with mechanically produced lesions used as controls, SWC lesions exhibited an impaired regeneration rate of the endothelial cell layer (p < .001). Redistribution of centrosomes toward the lesion borders was less effective in the SWC samples compared with the mechanically produced lesions (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS SWC lesions were associated with a switch to an endothelial proinflammatory phenotype, with an impaired regeneration rate and changes in cytoskeletal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Sondén
- Department of Surgery, Söder Hospital, The Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Zhu D, Tan KS, Zhang X, Sun AY, Sun GY, Lee JCM. Hydrogen peroxide alters membrane and cytoskeleton properties and increases intercellular connections in astrocytes. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:3695-703. [PMID: 16046474 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is produced in the pathogenesis of brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. H2O2 may damage cells through direct oxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA or it can act as a signaling molecule to trigger intracellular pathways leading to cell death. In this study, H2O2 caused plasma membranes of primary astrocytes to become more gel-like, while artificial membranes of vesicles composed of rat brain lipid extract became more liquid crystalline-like. Besides the effects on membrane phase properties, H2O2 promoted actin polymerization, induced the formation of cell-to-cell tunneling nanotube (TNT)-like connections among astrocytes and increased the colocalization of myosin Va with F-actin. Myosin Va was also observed in the H2O2-induced F-actin-enriched TNT-like connections. Western blot analysis suggests that H2O2 triggered the phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and that SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, suppressed the changes in membrane phase properties and cytoskeleton resulting from H2O2 treatment. These results suggest that H2O2 alters astrocyte membranes and the cytoskeleton through activation of the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Bernhard D, Csordas A, Henderson B, Rossmann A, Kind M, Wick G. Cigarette smoke metal-catalyzed protein oxidation leads to vascular endothelial cell contraction by depolymerization of microtubules. FASEB J 2005; 19:1096-107. [PMID: 15985533 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-3192com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is a significant risk factor for development of atherosclerosis. However, the pathophysiology of smoking-mediated vessel wall damage is not understood. With tools ranging from analytical chemistry to cell biology, we show that cigarette smoke contains metals that catalyze the direct oxidation of cellular proteins by smoke oxidants. Oxidation of cellular proteins causes a loss of microtubule function, culminating in microtubule depolymerization and proteasome-dependent degradation of alpha-tubulin. As a consequence of the microtubule collapse, cytoskeletal structures as well as intermediate filaments break down, leading finally to a contraction of vascular endothelial cells. We observed a smoke extract-induced, calpain-dependent degradation of the intracellular form of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1/CD31, as well as a release of P-selectin/CD62P, IL-6, and IL-8 from endothelial cells into the supernatant. Increased levels of soluble CD62P and IL-6 are well known to be associated with smoking in humans. Increased permeability of the vascular endothelium is a crucial event in atherogenesis. This work highlights the compounds and mechanisms by which cigarette smoke induces leakiness of the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bernhard
- Vascular Biology Group, Division of Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Department Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Rivero-Vilches FJ, de Frutos S, Saura M, Rodriguez-Puyol D, Rodriguez-Puyol M. Differential relaxing responses to particulate or soluble guanylyl cyclase activation on endothelial cells: a mechanism dependent on PKG-I alpha activation by NO/cGMP. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 285:C891-8. [PMID: 12814915 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00590.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
cGMP is generated in endothelial cells after stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) by nitric oxide (NO) or of particulate guanylyl cyclase (pGC) by natriuretic peptides (NP). We examined whether localized increases in cytosolic cGMP have distinct regulatory roles on the contraction induced by H2O2 treatment in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. cGMP concentrations and temporal dynamics were different upon NO stimulation of sGC or C-type NP (CNP) activation of pGC and did not correlate with their relaxing effects measured as planar cell surface area after H2O2 challenge. cGMP production due to sGC stimulation was always smaller and more brief than that induced by pGC stimulation with CNP, which was greater and remained elevated longer. The NO effects on cell relaxation were cGMP dependent because they were blocked by sGC inhibition with 1H-(1,2,4)Oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxaline-1-one and mimicked by 8-Br-cGMP. An antagonist of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase type-I (PKG-I) also inhibited the NO-induced effects. The cell contraction induced by H2O2 produces myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and NO prevented it completely, whereas CNP only produced a partial inhibition. Transfection with a dominant negative form of PKG type-I alpha completely reversed the NO-induced effects on MLC phosphorylation, whereas it only partially inhibited the effects due to CNP. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway induces endothelial cell relaxation in a more efficient manner than does CNP/pGC/cGMP pathway, an effect that might be related to a selective stimulation of PKG-1 alpha by NO-derived cGMP. Consequently, stimulated PKG-I alpha may phosphorylate important protein targets that are necessary to inhibit the endothelial contractile machinery activated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Rivero-Vilches
- Departmento de Fisiología, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, and Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigacíon Nefrológicas, Madrid, Spain
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Sondén A, Svensson B, Roman N, Brismar B, Palmblad J, Kjellström BT. Mechanisms of shock wave induced endothelial cell injury. Lasers Surg Med 2003; 31:233-41. [PMID: 12355567 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.10093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Medical procedures, for example, laser angioplasty and extracorporeal lithotripsy as well as high-energy trauma expose human tissues to shock waves (SWs) that may cause tissue injury. The mechanisms for this injury, often affecting blood vessel walls, are poorly understood. Here we sought to assess the role of two suggested factors, viz., cavitation or reactive oxygen species (ROS). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS A laser driven flyer-plate model was used to expose human umbilical cord vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers to SWs or to SWs plus cavitation (SWC). Cell injury was quantified with morphometry, trypan blue staining, and release of (51)Cr from labeled HUVECs. RESULTS HUVECs, exposed to SWs only, could not be distinguished from controls in morphological appearance or ability to exclude trypan blue. Yet, release of (51)Cr, indicated a significant cell injury (P < 0.05). HUVEC cultures exposed to SWC, exhibited cell detachment and cell membrane damage detectable with trypan blue. Release of (51)Cr was fourfold compared to SW samples (P < 0.01). Signs of cell injury were evident at 15 minutes and did not change over the next 4 hours. No protective effects of ROS scavengers were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Independent of ROS, SWC generated an immediate cell injury, which can explain, for example, vessel wall perturbation described in relation to SW treatments and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Sondén
- Department of Surgery, Söder Hospital, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Buder-Hoffmann S, Palmer C, Vacek P, Taatjes D, Mossman B. Different accumulation of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK 1/2) and role in cell-cycle alterations by epidermal growth factor, hydrogen peroxide, or asbestos in pulmonary epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001; 24:405-13. [PMID: 11306433 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.24.4.4290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is induced by cytokines and oxidative stress. In this study we examined the patterns of localization of phosphorylated ERK proteins in relationship to subsequent phenotypic responses by the mitogenic agent epidermal growth factor (EGF) (5 ng/ ml); hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) (100 to 300 microM), an inducer of apoptosis; and crocidolite asbestos (5 microg/cm(2) dish) in a nontransformed murine alveolar type II epithelial cell line (C10). Laser scanning cytometry and flow cytometry were used to determine: (1) whether expression of phosphorylated ERKs was cell cycle-related; and (2) whether cell-cycle alterations by agents could be modified after addition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) 1 inhibitor PD98059. In contrast to other stimuli which induced transient increases in phosphorylated ERKs, asbestos caused fiber-associated localization of phosphorylated ERKs that were elevated from 1 to 24 h (P < or = 0.05), and striking apoptosis followed by increased numbers of cells in the S phase at 72 h. In both control and asbestos-exposed cells, the percentage of phosphorylated ERK-positive cells was greatest in cells in the G(2)/M and S phases of the cell cycle. All stimuli caused increased proportions of cells in G(2)/M at 24 h that were inhibited by PD98059 (30 microM). Increases in G(2)/M cells by H(2)O(2) and asbestos also were decreased at 48 h by the MEK1 inhibitor. In addition, PD98059 abrogated elevations in S-phase cells by EGF and H(2)O(2) at 24 h and by asbestos at 72 h. Our results suggest that ERKs mediate cell-cycle alterations during the development of epithelial cell apoptosis or proliferation by diverse ERK stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Buder-Hoffmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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