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Ahmad S, Tan M, Hamid S. DNA repair mechanisms: Exploring potentials of nutraceutical. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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2
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Jit BP, Pattnaik S, Arya R, Dash R, Sahoo SS, Pradhan B, Bhuyan PP, Behera PK, Jena M, Sharma A, Agrawala PK, Behera RK. Phytochemicals: A potential next generation agent for radioprotection. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154188. [PMID: 36029645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation hazards are accountable for extensive damage in the biological system and acts as a public health burden. Owing to the rapid increasing in radiation technology, both Ionizing radiation (IR) from natural and man made source poses detrimental outcome to public health. IR releases free radicals which induces oxidative stress and deleterious biological damage by modulating radiation induced signalling intermediates. The efficacy of existing therapeutic approach and treatment strategy are limited owing to their toxicity and associated side effects. Indian system of traditional medicine is enriched with prospective phytochemicals with potential radioprotection ability. PURPOSE The present review elucidated and summarized the potential role of plant derived novel chemical compound with prospective radioprotective potential. METHOD So far as the traditional system of Indian medicine is concerned, plant kingdom is enriched with potential bioactive molecules with diverse pharmacological activities. We reviewed several compounds mostly secondary metabolites from plant origin using various search engines. RESULTS Both compounds from land plants and marine source exhibited antioxidant antiinflammatory, free radical scavenging ability. These compounds have tremendous potential in fine-tuning of several signalling intermediates, which are actively participated in the progression and development of a pathological condition associated with radiation stress. CONCLUSION Development and explore of an operational radioprotective agent from originated from plant source that can be used as a novel molecular tool to eliminate the widespread damage caused by space exploration, ionizing radiation, nuclear war and radiotherapy has been significantly appreciated. Through extensive literature search we highlighted several compounds from both land plant and marine origin can be implemented for a better therapeutic potential against radiation induced injury. Furthermore, extensive clinical trials must be carried out in near future for better therapeutic modality and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Prasad Jit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India; School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India
| | - Subhaswaraj Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India; Centre of Excellence in Natural Products and Therapeutics, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha 768019, India
| | - Rakesh Arya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India; School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India
| | - Rutumbara Dash
- Departement of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha 760007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, South Korea
| | - Prajna Paramita Bhuyan
- Department of Botany, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, Odisha 757003, India
| | - Pradyota Kumar Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha 760007, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha 760007, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Paban Kumar Agrawala
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi 110054, India
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Wang X, Li Y, Han L, Li J, Liu C, Sun C. Role of Flavonoids in the Treatment of Iron Overload. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:685364. [PMID: 34291050 PMCID: PMC8287860 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.685364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron overload, a high risk factor for many diseases, is seen in almost all human chronic and common diseases. Iron chelating agents are often used for treatment but, at present, most of these have a narrow scope of application, obvious side effects, and other disadvantages. Recent studies have shown that flavonoids can affect iron status, reduce iron deposition, and inhibit the lipid peroxidation process caused by iron overload. Therefore, flavonoids with iron chelating and antioxidant activities may become potential complementary therapies. In this study, we not only reviewed the research progress of iron overload and the regulation mechanism of flavonoids, but also studied the structural basis and potential mechanism of their function. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of flavonoids as plant iron chelating agents are discussed to provide a foundation for the prevention and treatment of iron homeostasis disorders using flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Li Han
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
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Namdeo AG, Boddu SHS, Amawi H, Ashby CR, Tukaramrao DB, Trivedi P, Babu RJ, Tiwari AK. Flavonoids as Multi-Target Compounds: A Special Emphasis on their Potential as Chemo-adjuvants in Cancer Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1712-1728. [PMID: 32003663 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200128095248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are low molecular weight, polyphenolic phytochemicals, obtained from secondary metabolism of various plant compounds. They have a spectrum of pharmacological efficacies, including potential anticancer efficacy. Natural flavonoids are present in fruits, vegetables, grains, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea and wine. Flavonoids can attenuate or inhibit the initiation, promotion and progression of cancer by modulating various enzymes and receptors in diverse pathways that involve cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, in vitro, flavonoids have been shown to reverse multidrug resistance when used as chemo-adjuvants. Flavonoids (both natural and synthetic analogues) interact with several oncogenic targets through dependent and independent mechanisms to mediate their anticancer efficacy in different types of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay G Namdeo
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacy practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. BOX 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Diwakar B Tukaramrao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Azevedo L, de Araujo Ribeiro PF, de Carvalho Oliveira JA, Correia MG, Ramos FM, de Oliveira EB, Barros F, Stringheta PC. Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) from commercial cultivation has higher levels of bioactive compounds than native cultivation (Amazon Forest) and presents antimutagenic effects in vivo. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:624-631. [PMID: 29952005 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) is a typical Amazonian fruit and has high antioxidant capacity due to its high levels of vitamin C and phenolic compounds. This study aimed to determine the phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity and antimutagenic effects of camu-camu fruits with different maturity stages grown in dry (commercial cultivation) or flooded environments (native cultivation, Amazon). RESULTS Total polyphenols, ascorbic acid and in vitro antioxidant capacity levels were higher in ripe fruits grown in a commercial cultivation. The extracts from ripe camu-camu grown in a commercial cultivation exerted antioxidant effects and high percentage of protection against doxorubicin and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in all tested systems (liver, bone marrow and gut), for three camu-camu extract concentrations (17, 85 and 170 mg kg-1 body weight), as follows: bone marrow minocronucleus (37.91%, 41.75%, 43.95%); micronucleus gut test (61.01%, 64.40%, 50.28%); apoptosis index (60.26%, 62.44%, 58.22%); comet assay through the tail moment (71.64%, 72.31%, 70.70%), percent DNA in the tail (64.54%, 68.75%, 76.79%) and tail intensity (76.43%, 81.02%, 68.33%). CONCLUSION The results of this study contribute to increasing the production of camu-camu fruits grown in dry environments and their use as a health-promoting food. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Azevedo
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maryana G Correia
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávia M Ramos
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B de Oliveira
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frederico Barros
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Stringheta
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Abstract
The ageing trajectory is plastic and can be slowed down by lifestyle factors, including good nutrition, adequate physical activity and avoidance of smoking. In humans, plant-based diets such as the Mediterranean dietary pattern are associated with healthier ageing and lower risk of age-related disease, whereas obesity accelerates ageing and increases the likelihood of most common complex diseases including CVD, T2D, dementia, musculoskeletal diseases and several cancers. As yet, there is only weak evidence in humans about the molecular mechanisms through which dietary factors modulate ageing but evidence from cell systems and animal models suggest that it is probable that better dietary choices influence all 9 hallmarks of ageing. It seems likely that better eating patterns retard ageing in at least two ways including (i) by reducing pervasive damaging processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress/redox changes and metabolic stress and (ii) by enhancing cellular capacities for damage management and repair. From a societal perspective, there is an urgent imperative to discover, and to implement, cost-effective lifestyle (especially dietary) interventions which enable each of us to age well, i.e. to remain physically and socially active and independent and to minimise the period towards the end of life when individuals suffer from frailty and multi-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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8
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The interaction of iron and the genome: For better and for worse. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 774:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sharma S, Pathak S, Gupta G, Sharma SK, Singh L, Sharma RK, Mishra A, Dua K. Pharmacological evaluation of aqueous extract of syzigium cumini for its antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic properties in diabetic rats fed a high cholesterol diet-Role of PPARγ and PPARα. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:447-453. [PMID: 28249245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In India syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) is commonly used traditional medicine to treat diabetes. The present study was undertaken to assess an investigation of antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic properties of aqueous extract of Syzigium Cumini (SC) in diabetic rats fed a high cholesterol diet. The aqueous extract of SC was screened for antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activity by streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Animals were treated with 100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of SC. Metformin were used as reference antihyperglycemic drugs for comparison. Administration of aqueous extract of SC or metformin for 21days resulted in a significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum glucose, insulin and Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared with diabetic controls. Treatment with 100mg/kg/day aqueous extract of SC did not result in a significant reduction in serum insulin levels, but 200mg/kg/day and 400mg/kg/day, aqueous extract of SC and metformin showed significant reductions 17.89%, 19.60% and 24.40%, respectively. Furthermore, administration of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg/day, aqueous extract of SC and metformin resulted in significant decrease in insulin resistance of 19.20%, 41.59%, 51.55% and 68.68%, respectively. In high fat diet- streptozotocin (HFD - STZ) treated rats β-cells function (HOMA-B) were markedly reduced (5.8-fold), however observed a significant (P<0.01) improvement of β-cell function with aqueous extract of SC (400mg/kg/day) and metformin. The aqueous extract of SC seeds exhibits significant insulin-sensitizing, antidyslipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and β-cell salvaging activity in HFD-STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats via overexpression of PPARγ and PPARα activity, affirming its potential to be used in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Further isolation and characterization of active components in SC seed extract are needed to explore the other possible mechanisms and pathways that are involved in its anti-diabetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Sharma
- Sunder Deep Pharmacy College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201001, India
| | - Sachchidanand Pathak
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Jaipur National University, Delhi-Agra bypass, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | | | - Lalit Singh
- Sunder Deep Pharmacy College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201001, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Anurag Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
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Chung CJ, Chang CH, Liou SH, Liu CS, Liu HJ, Hsu LC, Chen JS, Lee HL. Relationships among DNA hypomethylation, Cd, and Pb exposure and risk of cigarette smoking-related urothelial carcinoma. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 316:107-113. [PMID: 28025111 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking and environmental exposure to heavy metals are important global health issues, especially for urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, the effects of cadmium and lead exposure, as well as the levels of DNA hypomethylation, on UC risk are limited. We evaluated the possible exposure sources of Cd and Pb and the relationship among DNA hypomethylation, urinary Cd and Pb levels, and UC risk. We recruited 209 patients with UC and 417 control patients for a hospital-based case-control study between June 2011 and August 2014. We collected environmental exposure-related information with questionnaires. Blood and urine samples were analyzed to measure the Cd and Pb exposure and 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine levels as a proxy for DNA methylation. Multivariate logistic regression and 95% confidence intervals were applied to estimate the risk for UC. Study participants with high Cd and Pb exposure in blood or urine had significantly increased risk of UC, especially among the smokers. After adjusting for age and gender, the possible connections of individual cumulative cigarette smoking or herb medicine exposure with the increased levels of Cd and Pb were observed in the controls. Participants with 8.66%-12.39% of DNA hypomethylation had significantly increased risk of UC compared with those with ≥12.39% of DNA hypomethylation. Environmental factors including cigarette smoking and herb medicine may contribute to the internal dose of heavy metals levels. Repeat measurements of heavy metals with different study design, detailed dietary information, and types of herb medicine should be recommended for exploring UC carcinogenesis in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jung Chung
- Department of Health Risk Management, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Urology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Saou-Hsing Liou
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Shong Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ju Liu
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Hsu
- Department of Health Risk Management, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Sheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Myricetin: A Dietary Molecule with Diverse Biological Activities. Nutrients 2016; 8:90. [PMID: 26891321 PMCID: PMC4772053 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myricetin is a common plant-derived flavonoid and is well recognised for its nutraceuticals value. It is one of the key ingredients of various foods and beverages. The compound exhibits a wide range of activities that include strong anti-oxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. It displays several activities that are related to the central nervous system and numerous studies have suggested that the compound may be beneficial to protect against diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. The use of myricetin as a preserving agent to extend the shelf life of foods containing oils and fats is attributed to the compound's ability to protect lipids against oxidation. A detailed search of existing literature revealed that there is currently no comprehensive review available on this important molecule. Hence, the present work includes the history, synthesis, pharmaceutical applications and toxicity studies of myricetin. This report also highlights structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action for various biological activities.
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12
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Kahanda D, Chakrabarti G, Mcwilliams MA, Boothman DA, Slinker JD. Using DNA devices to track anticancer drug activity. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:647-653. [PMID: 26901461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It is beneficial to develop systems that reproduce complex reactions of biological systems while maintaining control over specific factors involved in such processes. We demonstrated a DNA device for following the repair of DNA damage produced by a redox-cycling anticancer drug, beta-lapachone (β-lap). These chips supported ß-lap-induced biological redox cycle and tracked subsequent DNA damage repair activity with redox-modified DNA monolayers on gold. We observed drug-specific changes in square wave voltammetry from these chips at therapeutic ß-lap concentrations of high statistical significance over drug-free control. We also demonstrated a high correlation of this change with the specific ß-lap-induced redox cycle using rational controls. The concentration dependence of ß-lap revealed significant signal changes at levels of high clinical significance as well as sensitivity to sub-lethal levels of ß-lap. Catalase, an enzyme decomposing peroxide, was found to suppress DNA damage at a NQO1/catalase ratio found in healthy cells, but was clearly overcome at a higher NQO1/catalase ratio consistent with cancer cells. We found that it was necessary to reproduce key features of the cellular environment to observe this activity. Thus, this chip-based platform enabled tracking of ß-lap-induced DNA damage repair when biological criteria were met, providing a unique synthetic platform for uncovering activity normally confined to inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimithree Kahanda
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., PHY 36, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Gaurab Chakrabarti
- Departments of Pharmacology, Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Stress Responses and the Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, ND2.210K 601 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, United States
| | - Marc A Mcwilliams
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., PHY 36, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - David A Boothman
- Departments of Pharmacology, Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Stress Responses and the Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, ND2.210K 601 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, United States
| | - Jason D Slinker
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., PHY 36, Richardson, TX 75080, United States.
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Kasprzak MM, Erxleben A, Ochocki J. Properties and applications of flavonoid metal complexes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoid metal complexes have a wide spectrum of activities as well as potential and actual applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Kasprzak
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Medical University of Lodz
- Lodz
- Poland
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Justyn Ochocki
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Medical University of Lodz
- Lodz
- Poland
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14
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Iron induced genotoxicity: attenuation by vitamin C and its optimization. Interdiscip Toxicol 2014; 7:154-8. [PMID: 26109893 PMCID: PMC4434109 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2014-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC) is a well-known antioxidant and strong free radical scavenger. Its antioxidant activity is useful for protection of cellular macromolecules, particularly DNA, from oxidative damage induced by different agents. This study was undertaken to evaluate the optimum level of VC in attenuating the chromosome aberrations (CAs) and DNA damage after iron sulfate (FeSO4) acute administration in Wistar rats. The results exhibited that the increase of CAs and DNA damage induced by FeSO4, 200 mg Fe/kg, could be reduced significantly by VC pretreatment at the dose of 500 mg/kg (p<0.001), but not in the 100 mg/kg group. The findings provide evidence that VC at the dose of 500 mg/kg exerted a possible protective effect against FeSO4 induced CAs and DNA damage. The possible mechanisms of VC may be attributed to its property as a free radical scavenger or to its indirect action in reducing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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15
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Sensitive and selective real-time electrochemical monitoring of DNA repair. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 54:541-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Angelé-Martínez C, Goodman C, Brumaghim J. Metal-mediated DNA damage and cell death: mechanisms, detection methods, and cellular consequences. Metallomics 2014; 6:1358-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions cause various types of DNA damage by multiple mechanisms, and this damage is a primary cause of cell death and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig Goodman
- Department of Chemistry
- Clemson University
- Clemson, USA
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17
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Improvement of Regio-Specific Production of Myricetin-3-O-α-l-Rhamnoside in Engineered Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:1956-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Methanol extract from the stem of Cotinus coggygria Scop., and its major bioactive phytochemical constituent myricetin modulate pyrogallol-induced DNA damage and liver injury. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 755:81-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Srivastava S, Chandra D. Pharmacological potentials of Syzygium cumini: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2084-2093. [PMID: 23460190 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine, and these drugs are gaining popularity in both developing and developed countries because of their natural origin and lesser side effects. Syzygium cumini (syn. Eugenia jambolana, Syzygium jambolana, Eugenia cumini, Syzygium jambos), commonly known as jamun in India, is an evergreen tree distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and East Africa. It is mainly utilised as a fruit producer and for its timber. Medicinally, the fruit is reported to have antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic, antioxidant, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, antiallergic, antiarthritic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifertility, antipyretic, antiplaque, radioprotective, neuropsychopharmacological, nephroprotective and antidiarrhoeal activities. Among these beneficial physiological effects, the antidiabetic property of S. cumini has the most promising nutraceutical value. The health-beneficial effects of S. cumini are mainly attributed to various phytoconstituents such as tannins, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, phenols, minerals, carbohydrates and vitamins present in the fruit. This review paper presents an overview of experimental evidence for the pharmacological potential of S. cumini.
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Brocato J, Costa M. Basic mechanics of DNA methylation and the unique landscape of the DNA methylome in metal-induced carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 43:493-514. [PMID: 23844698 PMCID: PMC3871623 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.794769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an intricate role in the regulation of gene expression and events that compromise the integrity of the methylome may potentially contribute to disease development. DNA methylation is a reversible and regulatory modification that elicits a cascade of events leading to chromatin condensation and gene silencing. In general, normal cells are characterized by gene-specific hypomethylation and global hypermethylation, while cancer cells portray a reverse profile to this norm. The unique methylome displayed in cancer cells is induced after exposure to carcinogenic metals such as nickel, arsenic, cadmium, and chromium (VI). These metals alter the DNA methylation profile by provoking both hyper- and hypo-methylation events. The metal-stimulated deviations to the methylome are possible mechanisms for metal-induced carcinogenesis and may provide potential biomarkers for cancer detection. Development of therapies based on the cancer methylome requires further research including human studies that supply results with larger impact and higher human relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Brocato
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987, USA
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21
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Nachtergael A, Charles C, Spanoghe M, Gadenne M, Belayew A, Duez P. Measurement of translesion synthesis by fluorescent capillary electrophoresis: 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine bypass modulation by natural products. Anal Biochem 2013; 440:23-31. [PMID: 23711721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Translesion synthesis (TLS) relies on a series of specialized DNA polymerases able to insert a base either correctly or incorrectly opposite a lesion on a DNA template strand during replication or post-repair synthesis. To measure the correct or mutagenic outcome of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) bypass by TLS DNA polymerases, a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with fluorescent label has been developed. Two oligonucleotides were designed and hybridized: (i) a 72-mer oligonucleotide framing one 8-oxodG at position 40 and (ii) the 39-mer oligonucleotide complementary to the first strand from the 3' end to the lesion and labeled at the 5' end with a fluorochrome. After incubation with FHs 74 Int human intestinal epithelial cell nuclear proteins, in the presence of either deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) or deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP), and denaturation, the resulting elongated oligomers were analyzed by fluorescent capillary electrophoresis. This primer extension assay was then validated in terms of linearity (linear range=0.5-2.5 nM), detectability (limits of detection and quantification=0.023 and 0.091 nM, respectively), and precision (total precisions=8.1% and 3.7% for dATP and dCTP, respectively, n=9). The addition of some natural phytochemicals to the reaction mix significantly influences the outcome of TLS either in an error-free way or in a mutagenic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Nachtergael
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Université de Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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Characterization and quantification of phenolic compounds of Argania spinosa leaves by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS analyses and their antioxidant activity. Chem Nat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Tripathi P, Patel RK, Tripathi R, Kanzariya NR. Investigation of antigenotoxic potential of Syzygium cumini extract (SCE) on cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 36:396-402. [PMID: 23298251 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2012.749271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the protective effects of Syzygium cumini extract (SCE; 100 and 200 mg/kg) against genotoxicity and oxidative stress (OS) induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in mice. Animals were received 14 days pretreatment (oral) of SCE, followed by induction of genotoxicity by CP (40 mg/kg), 24 hours before sacrifice. Mice bone marrow chromosomal aberration assay, micronucleus assay, and sperm abnormality assay were employed for the study. Activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes were also investigated. Phytochemical investigation was done to determine total phenolic and flavonoid content in SCE. Results showed that CP produced a significant increase in average percentage of aberrant metaphases and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) excluding gap, and micronuclei (MN) formation in polychromatic erythrocytes produced cytotoxicity in mouse bone marrow cells and induced abnormal sperms in a male germ line. CP also markedly inhibited the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutahione (GSH) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Pretreatments with SCE significantly inhibited the frequencies of aberrant metaphases, CAs, MN formation, and cytotoxicity in mouse bone marrow cells induced by CP. SCE also produced a significant reduction of abnormal sperm and antagonized the reduction of CP-induced SOD, CAT, and GSH activities and inhibited increased MDA content in the liver. Total phenolic content present in SCE was 24.68%, whereas total flavonoids were calculated as 3.80%. SCE has a protective effect against genotoxicity and OS induced by CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, S.K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mehsana, India.
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24
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Qin S, Chen J, Tanigawa S, Hou DX. Microarray and pathway analysis highlight Nrf2/ARE-mediated expression profiling by polyphenolic myricetin. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 57:435-46. [PMID: 23281314 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Myricetin is a dietary flavonol and widely distributed in many edible plants. It has been reported to have many bioactivities and considered as a promising chemopreventive compound. The present study aimed to investigate the influences of myricetin on gene expressions in genome-wide and underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Among total 44K gene probes, myricetin treatment upregulated the signals of 143 gene probes (0.33% of total probes) and downregulated signals of 476 gene probes (1.08% of total probes) by greater than or equal to twofold in HepG2 cells. The network pathway analysis revealed that nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant response element (ARE) activation is involved in myricetin-induced genes expressions. Molecular data revealed that myricetin activated Nrf2-ARE pathway by inhibiting Nrf2 ubiquitination and protein turnover, stimulating Nrf2 expression and kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology (ECH)-associated protein 1 modification. All of these events finally increased nuclear Nrf2 accumulation and ARE-binding activity to enhance ARE-mediated genes expressions. Additionally, treatment with Nrf2 small interfering RNA attenuated the myricetin-induced ARE activity and gene expression. CONCLUSION An Nrf2-mediated ARE activation is involved in myricetin-induced expression profiling in hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Qin
- Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
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25
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Prá D, Franke SIR, Henriques JAP, Fenech M. Iron and genome stability: an update. Mutat Res 2012; 733:92-9. [PMID: 22349350 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient which is required in a relatively narrow range for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and genome stability. Iron participates in oxygen transport and mitochondrial respiration as well as in antioxidant and nucleic acid metabolism. Iron deficiency impairs these biological pathways, leading to oxidative stress and possibly carcinogenesis. Iron overload has been linked to genome instability as well as to cancer risk increase, as seen in hereditary hemochromatosis. Iron is an extremely reactive transition metal that can interact with hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radicals that form the 8-hydroxy-guanine adduct, cause point mutations as well as DNA single and double strand breaks. Iron overload also induces DNA hypermethylation and can reduce telomere length. The current Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for iron, according with Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intake (DRI), is based in the concept of preventing anemia, and ranges from 7mg/day to 18mg/day depending on life stage and gender. Pregnant women need 27mg/day. The maximum safety level for iron intake, the Upper Level (UL), is 40-45mg/day, based on the prevention of gastrointestinal distress associated to high iron intakes. Preliminary evidence indicates that 20mg/day iron, an intake slightly higher than the RDA, may reduce the risk of gastrointestinal cancer in the elderly as well as increasing genome stability in lymphocytes of children and adolescents. Current dietary recommendations do not consider the concept of genome stability which is of concern because damage to the genome has been linked to the origin and progression of many diseases and is the most fundamental pathology. Given the importance of iron for homeostasis and its potential influence over genome stability and cancer it is recommended to conduct further studies that conclusively define these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prá
- PPG em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil. daniel
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26
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Baccan MM, Chiarelli-Neto O, Pereira RMS, Espósito BP. Quercetin as a shuttle for labile iron. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 107:34-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Zinov"eva V, Spasov A. Mechanisms of plant polyphenols anti-cancer effects I. Blockade of carcinogenesis initiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 58:160-75. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20125802160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of anti-cancer effects of polyphenols, found in fruits, vegetables, spices and representing parts of daily nutrition, have been considered. These compounds may be the basis for development of cancer preventive preparations. They can block carcinogenesis initiation by inactivation of exogenous or endogenous genotoxic molecules including reactive oxygen species. Another mechanism consists in inhibition of activity and synthesis of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes. Plant polyphenols also induce expression of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.N. Zinov"eva
- Research Institute of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University
| | - A.A. Spasov
- Research Institute of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University
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Jagetia GC, Shetty PC, Vidyasagar MS. Inhibition of radiation-induced DNA damage by jamun, Syzygium cumini, in the cultured splenocytes of mice exposed to different doses of γ-radiation. Integr Cancer Ther 2011; 11:141-53. [PMID: 21733986 DOI: 10.1177/1534735411413261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The radioprotective property of 50 mg/kg body weight jamun (Syzygium cumini) extract was studied in the cultured splenocytes of mice exposed to 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, or 4 Gy of γ-radiation. The spleens of irradiated mice were removed aseptically and the splenocytes were extracted from the individual spleens and cultured. The micronuclei were prepared 72 hours after irradiation in binucleate splenocytes by blocking cytokinesis with cytochalasin-B. Irradiation of mice resulted in a dose-dependent elevation in the micronucleated splenocytes. The exposure of mice not only elevated splenocytes bearing one micronucleus but also cells bearing 2 and multiple (>2) micronuclei indicating induction of complex DNA damage after irradiation. Oral treatment of mice with 50 mg/kg body weight of jamun leaf extract protected against the radiation-induced micronuclei formation. Jamun extract also protected against the formation of 2 and multiple micronuclei indicating repair or inhibition of complex DNA damage. The assessment of lipid peroxidation in mice brain homogenate has indicated a concentration dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation by jamun extract. Studies in a cell free system revealed that jamun extract inhibited the formation of OH, O(2)-, DPPH, and ABTS(+) free radicals in a concentration dependent manner. Our study demonstrates that jamun extract protected mice against the radiation-induced DNA damage and inhibition of radiation-induced free radical formation may be one of the mechanisms of radioprotection.
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Lima PDL, Vasconcellos MC, Montenegro RC, Bahia MO, Costa ET, Antunes LMG, Burbano RR. Genotoxic effects of aluminum, iron and manganese in human cells and experimental systems: A review of the literature. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 30:1435-44. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327110396531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence indicating an increase in neurodegenerative disorders in industrialized countries. The clinical symptoms and the possible mutagenic effects produced by acute poisoning and by chronic exposure to metals are of major interest. This study is a review of the data found concerning the genotoxic potential of three metals: aluminum (Al), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), with emphasis on their action on human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- PDL Lima
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Estadual University of Pará, Belém/PA, Brazil
| | - MC Vasconcellos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus/AM, Brazil
| | - RC Montenegro
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém/PA, Brazil
| | - MO Bahia
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém/PA, Brazil
| | - ET Costa
- Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém/PA, Brazil
| | - LMG Antunes
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, Faculdade de Cincias Farmacuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - RR Burbano
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém/PA, Brazil
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Zheng XF, Zao J, Chen GF, Liu SL, Li GX. Electroanalysis of kaempferol using pyrolytic graphite and a hemoglobin/polysorbate-20 modified electrodes. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934808040126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Park JH, Park E. Influence of iron-overload on DNA damage and its repair in human leukocytes in vitro. Mutat Res 2010; 718:56-61. [PMID: 20974287 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an important element that modulates the production of reactive oxygen species, which are thought to play a causative role in biological processes such as mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. The potential genotoxicity of dietary iron has been seldom studied in human leukocyte and only few reports have investigated in human colon tumor cells. Therefore, DNA damage and repair capacity of human leukocytes were examined using comet assay for screening the potential toxicity of various iron-overloads such as ferric-nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), FeSO(4), hemoglobin and myoglobin, and compared with 200μM of H(2)O(2) and HNE. The iron-overloads tested were not cytotoxic in the range of 10-1000 microM by trypan blue exclusion assay. The exposure of leukocytes to Fe-NTA (500 and 1000 microM), FeSO(4) (250-1000 microM), hemoglobin (10 microM) and myoglobin (250 microM) for 30 min induced significantly higher DNA damage than NC. Treatment with 500 and 1000 microM of Fe-NTA showed a similar genotoxic effect to H(2)O(2), and a significant higher genotoxic effect than HNE. The genotoxicity of FeSO(4) (250-1000 microM), hemoglobin (10 microM) and myoglobin (250 microM) was not significantly different from that of H(2)O(2) and HNE. Iron-overloads generated DNA strand break were rejoined from the first 1h. Their genotoxic effect was not observed at 24h. These data from this study provide additional information on the genotoxicity of iron-overloads and self-repair capacity in human leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hee Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, 449 Wolyoung-dong, Masanhappo-gu, Changwon-si, 631-701 Masan, South Korea
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Fujimoto Y, Morinaga K, Abe M, Kitamura T, Sakuma S. Selenite induces oxidative DNA damage in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. Toxicol Lett 2009; 191:341-6. [PMID: 19822199 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of selenite ions on oxidative DNA damage in primary rat hepatocyte cultures were examined. Selenite ions dose-dependently stimulated 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation in DNA from the hepatocyte cultures at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 micromol/L (1.6-, 2.5- and 3.6-fold). Selenite ions also induced DNA fragmentation in nucleus from the hepatocyte cultures at concentrations of 5 and 10 micromol/L. Selenite ions could not affect protein expression levels of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 which is responsible for excision of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine from DNA, but could increase 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-fluorescence intensity from 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein, an indicator of reactive oxygen species generation, at concentrations of 5 and 10 micromol/L. Furthermore, an increase in 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine induced by selenite ions (10 micromol/L) was inhibited by free radical scavengers (alpha-tocopherol, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and melatonin) at concentrations more than 50 micromol/L. These observations imply that selenite ions have the potential to induce oxidative DNA damage in the liver through an increase in reactive oxygen species formation, but not a decrease in 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 protein expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohko Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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Quercetin inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and enhances DNA repair in Caco-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2716-22. [PMID: 19651184 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are known to have antioxidant activity that may limit DNA damage and help prevent degenerative diseases, including cancer. However, our knowledge of flavonoids' role in DNA protection/repair mechanism(s) is limited. This study investigated the effects of quercetin on DNA oxidation and DNA repair in Caco-2 cells with or without oxidant (H2O2) challenge. Quercetin (1, 100 microM) significantly reduced oxidative DNA damage, as measured by the number of single-strand breaks identified by single cell gel electrophoresis. Quercetin treatment also caused a measurable increase in the mRNA expression of human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) at 0 and 4h after H2O2 treatment (measured using RT-PCR). In addition, the highest level of quercetin tested (100 microM) maintained hOGG1 expression at basal levels or higher for up to 12h after H2O2 treatment, while oxidant treatment alone resulted in significant reduction of hOGG1 at 8h. Our study indicates that quercetin could protect DNA both by reducing oxidative DNA damage and by enhancing DNA repair through modulation of DNA repair enzyme expression.
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Abstract
Although carcinogenic metals have been known to disrupt a wide range of cellular processes the precise mechanism by which these exert their carcinogenic effects is not known. Over the last decade or two, studies in the field of metal carcinogenesis suggest that epigenetic mechanisms may play a role in metal-induced carcinogenesis. In this review we summarize the evidence demonstrating that exposure to carcinogenic metals such as nickel, arsenic, chromium, and cadmium can perturb DNA methylation levels as well as global and gene specific histone tail posttranslational modification marks. We also wish to emphasize the importance in understanding that gene expression can be regulated by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and both these must be considered when studying the mechanism underlying the toxicity and cell-transforming ability of carcinogenic metals and other toxicants, and aberrant changes in gene expression that occur during disease states such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Arita
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987, USA
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35
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Lata M, Prasad J, Singh S, Kumar R, Singh L, Chaudhary P, Arora R, Chawla R, Tyagi S, Soni NL, Sagar RK, Devi M, Sharma RK, Puri SC, Tripathi RP. Whole body protection against lethal ionizing radiation in mice by REC-2001: a semi-purified fraction of Podophyllum hexandrum. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:47-55. [PMID: 17574826 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study has concentrated on assessment of the radioprotective potential of REC-2001, a semi-purified fraction of rhizomes of Podophyllum hexandrum, in Swiss albino Strain 'A' mice exposed to 10 Gy whole-body gamma radiation. Animals were treated with 10 and 15 mg/kg b wt (i.p.) of REC-2001 1h prior to exposure to a lethal dose of gamma-radiation (10 Gy) and observed upto 30 days. For analysis of maximum tolerable dose (MTD), LD(50) and acute toxic dose, different concentrations of the extract were administered to animals and their mortality and morbidity status was observed upto 72 h and one week, respectively. Dose reduction factor (DRF) was determined by exposing REC-2001 pre-treated mice to supra-lethal doses of gamma-radiation. Endogenous spleen colony forming units (CFU), DNA strand breaks in thymocytes (alkaline halo assay) and lipid degradation was studied to understand the mechanism of radioprotection. A single dose of REC-2001 (10 and 15 mg/kg b wt i.p.) exhibited >90% survival in the pre-treated irradiated group versus no survival in radiation control group. Single doses of upto 75 mg/kg b wt (i.p.) did not cause any mortality (MTD) in mice. REC-2001, a dose of 90 mg/kg b wt, resulted in 50% mortality (LD(50)), while the LD(100) was 115 mg/kg b wt REC-2001 exhibited a DRF of 1.62. CFU counts in the REC-2001 treated group were found significantly high (5.33/spleen) as compared to controls. Exposure of thymocytes to 10 Gy radiation resulted in increased halo diameter (45+/-3 microm) in comparison to untreated controls (8+/-1 microm). REC-2001 administration (500 microg/ml) decreased the halo diameter to 15+/-2 microm. Radiation-induced lipid degradation was also inhibited by REC-2001. The present study has revealed that REC-2001 is a promising radioprotective fraction that can be effectively used against lethal doses of gamma-radiation after further investigations in higher animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lata
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.
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36
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Zhang JJ, Wang B, Li YF, Jia WL, Cui H, Wang HS. Electrochemical Study on DNA Damage Based on the Direct Oxidation of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine at an Electrochemically Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Huang D, Zhang Y, Qi Y, Chen C, Ji W. Global DNA hypomethylation, rather than reactive oxygen species (ROS), a potential facilitator of cadmium-stimulated K562 cell proliferation. Toxicol Lett 2008; 179:43-7. [PMID: 18482805 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation plays a critical role in the process of cadmium (Cd) carcinogenesis. Although both induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alteration of DNA methylation are involved in Cd-stimulated cell proliferation, the detailed mechanism of Cd-stimulated cell proliferation remains poorly understood. In this study, K562 cells pre-treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or methionine (Meth) were exposed to Cd to investigate the potential contribution of ROS and global DNA methylation pathways in Cd-induced cell proliferation. The results showed that Cd-stimulated cell proliferation, increased ROS and DNA damage levels, and induced global DNA hypomethylation. The increases of ROS and DNA damage levels were attenuated by pre-treatment with NAC. Cd-stimulated cell proliferation did not appear to be suppressed through eliminating ROS by NAC. However, methionine was shown to prevent Cd-induced global DNA hypomethylation and Cd-stimulated cell proliferation. Our results suggest that global DNA hypomethylation, rather than ROS, is a potential facilitator of Cd-stimulated K562 cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
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38
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Lima P, Vasconcellos M, Montenegro R, Sombra C, Bahia M, Costa-Lotufo L, Pessoa C, Moraes M, Burbano R. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of iron sulfate in cultured human lymphocytes treated in different phases of cell cycle. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:723-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Revised: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Moresco RN, Sperotto RL, Bernardi AS, Cardoso RF, Gomes P. Effect of the aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Phytother Res 2007; 21:793-5. [PMID: 17450508 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the aqueous Syzygium cumini leaf extract, given either as a single dose or by 7 days of pretreatment, on hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Blood samples obtained after treatments were measured for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). A significant increase in the AST and ALT activities occurred after carbon tetrachloride administration alone, which was significantly lowered by preadministration with the aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini, but not by a single dose. This suggests that the extract may be useful for liver protection but needs to be given over a significant period and prior to liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Noal Moresco
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil.
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40
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Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of iron and copper in mice. Biometals 2007; 21:289-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-007-9118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Ma ZG, Wang J, Jiang H, Liu TW, Xie JX. Myricetin reduces 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopamine neuron degeneration in rats. Neuroreport 2007; 18:1181-5. [PMID: 17589323 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e32821c51fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of myricetin on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra-striatum system were investigated. By high-performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detection, we showed that the dopamine content in the striatum decreased after 6-OHDA treatment, which could be restored by myricetin. The immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR studies showed that myricetin could prevent the 6-OHDA-induced decrease of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons and the tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression in the substantia nigra. Perls' iron staining study further demonstrated that myricetin prevented the 6-OHDA-induced increase of iron-staining cells in the substantia nigra. These results suggested that the protective effects of myricetin on the toxicity of 6-OHDA could be attributed to the myricetin-suppressed iron toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Gang Ma
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
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42
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Schumacher DD, Mitchell CR, Rozhkov RV, Larock RC, Armstrong DW. Cyclodextrin‐Mediated Enantiomeric Separation of Chiral Dihydrofuroflavones, a Class of Compounds with Promising Pharmacological Activity. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200041271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roman V. Rozhkov
- a Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Richard C. Larock
- a Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
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43
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Effects of dietary flavonoids on apoptotic pathways related to cancer chemoprevention. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18:427-42. [PMID: 17321735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have described the beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols (flavonoids) on the reduction of the risk of chronic diseases, including cancer. Moreover, it has been shown that flavonoids, such as quercetin in apples, epigallocatechin-3-gallate in green tea and genistein in soya, induce apoptosis. This programmed cell death plays a critical role in physiological functions, but there is underlying dysregulation of apoptosis in numerous pathological situations such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. At the molecular level, flavonoids have been reported to modulate a number of key elements in cellular signal transduction pathways linked to the apoptotic process (caspases and bcl-2 genes), but that regulation and induction of apoptosis are unclear. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the molecular basis of the potential chemopreventive activities of representative flavonoids, with emphasis on their ability to control intracellular signaling cascades responsible for regulating apoptosis, a relevant target in cancer-preventive approach.
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44
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Franke SIR, Prá D, Giulian R, Dias JF, Yoneama ML, da Silva J, Erdtmann B, Henriques JAP. Influence of orange juice in the levels and in the genotoxicity of iron and copper. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:425-35. [PMID: 16263202 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2004] [Revised: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
World consumption of natural juices is increasing as a consequence of the human search for a healthier life. The juice production industry, especially for orange juice, is expanding in several countries and particularly in Brazil. Despite scientific data reporting beneficial properties derived from juice consumption, some components of juices have been identified as mutagenic or carcinogenic. Carcinogenic or genotoxic effects may be mediated by the interaction of juice components with transition metals or by sub-products of juice auto-oxidation. In this study, the mutagenic potential of orange juice and two metallic agents used in dietary supplementation, FeSO(4) and CuSO(4), were investigated using the comet assay in mouse blood cells (in vivo). Both metal compounds were genotoxic for eukaryotic cells after 24h treatment at the doses used. Significant damage repair was observed after 48h of treatment with the same compounds. Orange juice had a modulating effect on the action of metallic sulfates. In the case of iron treatment, the presence of the orange juice had a preventive, but not restorative, effect. On the other hand, in the case of copper treatment, the effects were both preventive and restorative. PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) analysis indicated a positive correlation between DNA damage and the hepatic levels of iron and a negative correlation between whole blood copper and DNA damage. A negative correlation between hepatic iron and whole blood copper content was also seen in the treatment with both ferrous and cupric sulfates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Isabel Rech Franke
- Curso de Nutrição, Departamento de Educação Física e Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, UNISC, RS, Brazil
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45
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Sergent O, Tomasi A, Ceccarelli D, Masini A, Nohl H, Cillard P, Cillard J, Vladimirov YA, Kozlov AV. Combination of Iron Overload Plus Ethanol and Ischemia Alone Give Rise to the Same Endogenous Free Iron Pool. Biometals 2005; 18:567-75. [PMID: 16388396 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-005-8488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2004] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload aggravates tissue damage caused by ischemia and ethanol intoxication. The underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon are not yet clear. To clarify these mechanisms we followed free iron ("loosely" bound redox-active iron) concentration in livers from rats subjected to experimental iron overload, acute ethanol intoxication, and ex vivo warm ischemia. The levels of free iron in non-homogenized liver tissues, liver homogenates, and hepatocyte cultures were analyzed by means of EPR spectroscopy. Ischemia gradually increased the levels of endogenous free iron in liver tissues and in liver homogenates. The increase was accompanied by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. Iron overload alone, known to increase significantly the total tissue iron, did not affect either free iron levels or lipid peroxidation. Homogenization of iron-loaded livers, however, resulted in the release of a significant portion of free iron from endogenous depositories. Acute ethanol intoxication increased free iron levels in liver tissue and diminished the portion of free iron releasing during homogenization. Similarly to liver tissue, the primary hepatocyte culture loaded with iron in vitro released significantly more free iron during homogenization compared to non iron-loaded hepatocyte culture. Analyzing three possible sources of free iron release under these experimental conditions in liver cells, namely ferritin, intracellular transferrin-receptor complex and heme oxygenase, we suggest that redox active free iron is released from ferritin under ischemic conditions whereas ethanol and homogenization facilitate the release of iron from endosomes containing transferrin-receptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Sergent
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Vegetale, UPRES 3891, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, University of Rennes 1, 2 AVE du Pr. Léon Bernard, CS, 34317 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
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46
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Franke SIR, Prá D, Erdtmann B, Henriques JAP, da Silva J. Influence of orange juice over the genotoxicity induced by alkylating agents: an in vivo analysis. Mutagenesis 2005; 20:279-83. [PMID: 15956044 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gei034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable epidemiological evidence indicating an association between diets rich in fresh fruit and vegetables and a decreased incidence of cancers. Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and cyclophosphamide (CP) are alkylating agents that differ in their mode of action. MMS is a directly-acting, monofunctional agent, while CP is a bifunctional agent that requires metabolic activation to a reactive metabolite. To evaluate if orange juice could reduce DNA damage induced by these alkylating agents, mice were treated orally (by gavage) with MMS and CP, prior to and after treatment with orange juice. DNA damage was evaluated by the comet assay in peripheral white blood cells. Under these experimental conditions, orange juice reduced the extent of DNA damage caused by both mutagens. For MMS, the antigenotoxic effect of the orange juice was both protective (orange juice pre-treatment) and reparative (orange juice post-treatment); for CP, the effect was reparative only. The components of orange juice can have several biological effects, including acting as targets of toxicants and modulating metabolization/detoxification routes. Considering the different mechanisms of the action of the two drugs, different protective effects are suggested. These results demonstated the ability of the in vivo comet assay to detect in vivo modulation of MMS and CP mutagenicity by orange juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Isabel Rech Franke
- Curso de Nutrição, Departamento de Educação Física e Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
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47
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Hassimotto NMA, Genovese MI, Lajolo FM. Antioxidant activity of dietary fruits, vegetables, and commercial frozen fruit pulps. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:2928-35. [PMID: 15826041 DOI: 10.1021/jf047894h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fruits, vegetables, and commercial frozen pulps (FP) consumed in the Brazilian diet were analyzed for antioxidant activities using two different methods, one that determines the inhibition of copper-induced peroxidation of liposome and another based on the inhibition of the co-oxidation of linoleic acid and beta-carotene. The anthocyanin-rich samples showed the highest, concentration-dependent, antioxidant activities in both systems. In the liposome system, at both 10 and 50 microM gallic acid equivalent (GAE) addition levels, the neutral and acidic flavonoids of red cabbage, red lettuce, black bean, mulberry, Gala apple peel, jambolao, acai FP, mulberry FP, and the acidic flavonoids of acerola FP showed the highest antioxidant activities (>85% inhibition). In the beta-carotene bleaching system, the samples cited above plus red guava gave inhibition values >70%. On the other hand, some samples showed pro-oxidant activity in the liposome system coincident with a low antioxidant activity in the beta-carotene system. There was no relationship between total phenolics content, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity, suggesting that the antioxidant activity is a result of a combination of different compounds having synergic and antagonistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Laboratório de Química, Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, FCF, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 14, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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48
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Jagetia GC, Baliga MS, Venkatesh P. Influence of seed extract of Syzygium Cumini (Jamun) on mice exposed to different doses of gamma-radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2005; 46:59-65. [PMID: 15802860 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.46.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The radioprotective activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of jamun seeds (SCE) was studied in mice exposed to different doses of gamma radiation. The mice were injected with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 or 160 mg/kg body weight of SCE, before exposure to 10 Gy of gamma radiation, to select the optimum dose of radiation protection. The 80 mg/kg SCE was found to offer highest protection, therefore, further studies were carried out using this dose. The drug was more effective when administered through the intraperitoneal route at equimolar doses than the oral route. Since higher survival was observed for the i.p. route (50%), than the oral route (29.2%), all other studies were carried out by injecting SCE intraperitoneally. The mice treated with 80 mg/kg body weight SCE intraperitoneally before exposure to 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 Gy of gamma radiation showed reduction in the symptoms of radiation sickness and mortality at all exposure doses and caused a significant increase in the animal survival when compared with the concurrent double distilled water (DDW) + irradiation group. The SCE treatment protected mice against the gastrointestinal as well as bone marrow deaths and the DRF was found to be 1.24.
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49
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Prevost V, Vimard F, Bouhamidi R, Duval D, Beljean M, Nouvelot A. Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Malondialdehyde as an Index of Lipid Peroxidation: Validation and Application in Cultured Cells. ANAL LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120035903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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50
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Labuda J, Bucková M, Heilerová L, Silhár S, Stepánek I. Evaluation of the redox properties and anti/pro-oxidant effects of selected flavonoids by means of a DNA-based electrochemical biosensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2003; 376:168-73. [PMID: 12712310 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-1884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2002] [Revised: 02/14/2003] [Accepted: 02/25/2003] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin and rutin as well as catechin and epigallocatechin gallate were investigated, as widely distributed representatives of flavonols and flavanols, respectively, regarding their anti/pro-oxidant properties. The flavonoids are irreversibly oxidized at a dsDNA-modified screen-printed electrode within 0.368 to 0.449 V vs. SHE without binding to DNA. Using the DNA biosensor the detection scheme of a DNA prevention/degradation exploits the [Co(phen)(3)](3+) complex as an electrochemical DNA marker. Antioxidant activity of flavonoids was tested in a model cleavage mixture composed of 5 x 10(-7) mol L(-1) [Cu(phen)(2)](2+) as the catalyst, 1 x 10(-3) mol L(-1) ascorbic acid as the chemical reductant and atmospheric oxygen as the natural oxidant where reactive oxygen radicals are generated. The antioxidant activity increases with the concentration of flavonoids reaching a maximum where pro-oxidative behaviour becomes of importance. The pro-oxidant potency of flavonoids depends on the presence of atmospheric oxygen and follows the order quercetin>rutin>epigallocatechin gallate>catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Labuda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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