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Goldsmith C, Thevin V, Fesneau O, Matias MI, Perrault J, Abid AH, Taylor N, Dardalhon V, Marie JC, Hernandez-Vargas H. Single-Molecule DNA Methylation Reveals Unique Epigenetic Identity Profiles of T Helper Cells. J Immunol 2024; 212:1029-1039. [PMID: 38284984 PMCID: PMC11002815 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Both identity and plasticity of CD4 T helper (Th) cells are regulated in part by epigenetic mechanisms. However, a method that reliably and readily profiles DNA base modifications is still needed to finely study Th cell differentiation. Cytosine methylation in CpG context (5mCpG) and cytosine hydroxymethylation (5hmCpG) are DNA modifications that identify stable cell phenotypes, but their potential to characterize intermediate cell transitions has not yet been evaluated. To assess transition states in Th cells, we developed a method to profile Th cell identity using Cas9-targeted single-molecule nanopore sequencing. Targeting as few as 10 selected genomic loci, we were able to distinguish major in vitro polarized murine T cell subtypes, as well as intermediate phenotypes, by their native DNA 5mCpG patterns. Moreover, by using off-target sequences, we were able to infer transcription factor activities relevant to each cell subtype. Detection of 5mCpG and 5hmCpG was validated on intestinal Th17 cells escaping transforming growth factor β control, using single-molecule adaptive sampling. A total of 21 differentially methylated regions mapping to the 10-gene panel were identified in pathogenic Th17 cells relative to their nonpathogenic counterpart. Hence, our data highlight the potential to exploit native DNA methylation profiling to study physiological and pathological transition states of Th cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Goldsmith
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, The French League Against Cancer Certified Team, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Centre and University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Valentin Thevin
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, The French League Against Cancer Certified Team, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Centre and University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Fesneau
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, The French League Against Cancer Certified Team, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Centre and University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maria I Matias
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Perrault
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Ali Hani Abid
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, The French League Against Cancer Certified Team, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Centre and University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien C Marie
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, The French League Against Cancer Certified Team, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Centre and University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, The French League Against Cancer Certified Team, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Centre and University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Genomics Consulting, Bron, France
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Yan XX, Guo N, Ru SW, Wang ZY, Sui HJ, Xu YS, Yao ZD. The deficiency of 5-methylcytosine ( 5mC) and its ramification in the occurrence and prognosis of colon cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34860. [PMID: 37653838 PMCID: PMC10470721 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of colon cancer are increasing, and effective biomarkers for its diagnosis are limited. 5-methylcytosine (5mC), a vital DNA methylation marker, plays important roles in gene expression, genomic imprinting, and transposon inhibition. This study aimed to identify the predictors of colon cancer prognosis and lay the foundation for research on therapeutic targets by detecting the levels of 5mC, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formyl cytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) in colon cancer and adjacent non-tumor tissues. A tissue microarray including 100 colon cancer tissue samples and 60 adjacent non-tumor tissue samples was used. The expression levels of 5mC and its ramifications were assessed by immunohistochemistry. According to the expression levels, patients were divided into moderately positive and strongly positive groups, and the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and methylation marks was assessed using 2-sided chi-square tests. The prognostic values of 5mC, 5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC were tested using Kaplan-Meier analyses. Compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, the overall levels of DNA methylation were lower in colon carcinoma lesions. However, the clinical parameters were not significantly associated with these methylation markers, except for 5hmC, which was associated with the age of cancer patients (P value = .043). Kaplan-Meier analysis disclosed that moderate positive group had a significantly shorter disease specific survival than strong positive group for patients with different levels of 5mC (65.2 vs 95.2 months, P = .014) and 5hmC (71.2 vs 97.5 months, P = .045). 5mC and its ramifications (5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC) can serve as biomarkers for colon cancer. 5mC and 5hmC are stable predictors and therapeutic targets in colon cancer. However, further understanding of its function will help to reveal the complex tumorigenic process and identify new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Yan
- Department of Geriatric, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Geriatric, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Song-Wei Ru
- Department of Geriatric, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Juan Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Shi Xu
- Outpatient Department, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Dan Yao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, P. R. China
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Thomson JP, Ottaviano R, Unterberger EB, Lempiäinen H, Muller A, Terranova R, Illingworth RS, Webb S, Kerr ARW, Lyall MJ, Drake AJ, Wolf CR, Moggs JG, Schwarz M, Meehan RR. Loss of Tet1-Associated 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Is Concomitant with Aberrant Promoter Hypermethylation in Liver Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3097-108. [PMID: 27197233 PMCID: PMC5021200 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant hypermethylation of CpG islands (CGI) in human tumors occurs predominantly at repressed genes in the host tissue, but the preceding events driving this phenomenon are poorly understood. In this study, we temporally tracked epigenetic and transcriptomic perturbations that occur in a mouse model of liver carcinogenesis. Hypermethylated CGI events in the model were predicted by enrichment of the DNA modification 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and the histone H3 modification H3K27me3 at silenced promoters in the host tissue. During cancer progression, selected CGIs underwent hypo-hydroxymethylation prior to hypermethylation, while retaining H3K27me3. In livers from mice deficient in Tet1, a tumor suppressor involved in cytosine demethylation, we observed a similar loss of promoter core 5hmC, suggesting that reduced Tet1 activity at CGI may contribute to epigenetic dysregulation during hepatocarcinogenesis. Consistent with this possibility, mouse liver tumors exhibited reduced Tet1 protein levels. Similar to humans, DNA methylation changes at CGI in mice did not appear to be direct drivers of hepatocellular carcinoma progression, rather, dynamic changes in H3K27me3 promoter deposition correlated strongly with tumor-specific activation and repression of transcription. Overall, our results suggest that loss of promoter-associated 5hmC in liver tumors licenses reprograming of DNA methylation at silent CGI during progression. Cancer Res; 76(10); 3097-108. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Thomson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaele Ottaviano
- MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elif B Unterberger
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harri Lempiäinen
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arne Muller
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Remi Terranova
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert S Illingworth
- MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Webb
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair R W Kerr
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus J Lyall
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J Drake
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C Roland Wolf
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan G Moggs
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Richard R Meehan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
DNA methylation plays an intricate role in the regulation of gene expression and events that compromise the integrity of the methylome may potentially contribute to disease development. DNA methylation is a reversible and regulatory modification that elicits a cascade of events leading to chromatin condensation and gene silencing. In general, normal cells are characterized by gene-specific hypomethylation and global hypermethylation, while cancer cells portray a reverse profile to this norm. The unique methylome displayed in cancer cells is induced after exposure to carcinogenic metals such as nickel, arsenic, cadmium, and chromium (VI). These metals alter the DNA methylation profile by provoking both hyper- and hypo-methylation events. The metal-stimulated deviations to the methylome are possible mechanisms for metal-induced carcinogenesis and may provide potential biomarkers for cancer detection. Development of therapies based on the cancer methylome requires further research including human studies that supply results with larger impact and higher human relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Brocato
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987, USA
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