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Goldsmith C, Thevin V, Fesneau O, Matias MI, Perrault J, Abid AH, Taylor N, Dardalhon V, Marie JC, Hernandez-Vargas H. Single-Molecule DNA Methylation Reveals Unique Epigenetic Identity Profiles of T Helper Cells. J Immunol 2024; 212:1029-1039. [PMID: 38284984 PMCID: PMC11002815 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Both identity and plasticity of CD4 T helper (Th) cells are regulated in part by epigenetic mechanisms. However, a method that reliably and readily profiles DNA base modifications is still needed to finely study Th cell differentiation. Cytosine methylation in CpG context (5mCpG) and cytosine hydroxymethylation (5hmCpG) are DNA modifications that identify stable cell phenotypes, but their potential to characterize intermediate cell transitions has not yet been evaluated. To assess transition states in Th cells, we developed a method to profile Th cell identity using Cas9-targeted single-molecule nanopore sequencing. Targeting as few as 10 selected genomic loci, we were able to distinguish major in vitro polarized murine T cell subtypes, as well as intermediate phenotypes, by their native DNA 5mCpG patterns. Moreover, by using off-target sequences, we were able to infer transcription factor activities relevant to each cell subtype. Detection of 5mCpG and 5hmCpG was validated on intestinal Th17 cells escaping transforming growth factor β control, using single-molecule adaptive sampling. A total of 21 differentially methylated regions mapping to the 10-gene panel were identified in pathogenic Th17 cells relative to their nonpathogenic counterpart. Hence, our data highlight the potential to exploit native DNA methylation profiling to study physiological and pathological transition states of Th cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Goldsmith
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, The French League Against Cancer Certified Team, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Centre and University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Valentin Thevin
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, The French League Against Cancer Certified Team, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Centre and University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Fesneau
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, The French League Against Cancer Certified Team, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Centre and University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maria I Matias
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Perrault
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Ali Hani Abid
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, The French League Against Cancer Certified Team, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Centre and University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien C Marie
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, The French League Against Cancer Certified Team, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Centre and University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, The French League Against Cancer Certified Team, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Léon Bérard Centre and University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Genomics Consulting, Bron, France
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Gao H, Dong Z, Gong X, Dong J, Zhang Y, Wei W, Wang R, Jin S. Effects of various radiation doses on induced T-helper cell differentiation and related cytokine secretion. J Radiat Res 2018; 59:395-403. [PMID: 29554285 PMCID: PMC6054226 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation often induces T helper (Th) cell differentiation, resulting in an imbalance of Th1 and Th2 cellular subtypes, which can affect the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze differential expression of Th1, Th2 and Th3/Type 1 regulatory T cell (Tr1) subtype-related genes and cytokines in mouse thymocytes after high- and low-dose systemic radiation, using functional classification gene arrays and Elisa assays, and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying radiation's immune effects and their relationship with Th1/Th2 immunity. We found that expression of 8 genes was upregulated after LDR, while expression of 5 genes was downregulated. After HDR, 54 genes were upregulated and 3 genes were downregulated, including genes related to Th1, Th2 and Th3/Tr1 cellular subtypes, Th1/Th2-type immune response genes and transcription factor-related genes. In the foregoing results, LDR and HDR in the thymus induced opposite patterns of expression for Th1-, Th2- and Th3-type related cytokines TGF-β, C/EBP-β and TNF-α. We also found that expression of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2), which have a moderating effect on immune function, was upregulated after LDR. Furthermore, the secretion of negative regulatory factors Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-4 (IL-4), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Interleukin-21 (IL-21) was reduced after LDR, but HDR produced the opposite effect and stimulated their expression. These findings suggest that LDR may induce a Th1-type immune response, while HDR may lead to a Th2-type immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Department of Osteology, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Dong
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinkou Gong
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Department of Radiology, Changchun, China
| | - Juancong Dong
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shunzi Jin
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Emmi G, Silvestri E, Bella CD, Grassi A, Benagiano M, Cianchi F, Squatrito D, Cantarini L, Emmi L, Selmi C, Prisco D, D’Elios MM. Cytotoxic Th1 and Th17 cells infiltrate the intestinal mucosa of Behcet patients and exhibit high levels of TNF-α in early phases of the disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5516. [PMID: 27930541 PMCID: PMC5266013 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal involvement is one of the most serious in Behçet disease, potentially leading to severe complications. Aim of this study was to investigate at mucosal level the T-cell responses in Behçet patients with early intestinal involvement. METHODS We isolated T cells from intestinal mucosa of 8 patients with intestinal symptoms started within 6 months. T lymphocytes were cloned and analyzed for surface phenotype and cytokines production. RESULTS We obtained 382 T-cell clones: 324 were CD4+ and 58 were CD8+. Within the 324 CD4+ clones, 195 were able to secrete IFN-γ and TNF-α, but not IL-4, nor IL-17 thus showing a polarized Th1 profile, whereas CD4 clones producing both IFN-γ and IL-17 (Th1/Th17 profile) were 79. Likewise, the number of CD8 clones producing type 1 cytokines was higher than those of CD8 clones producing both type 1 and 2 cytokines.Almost all intestinal-derived T-cell clones expressed perforin-mediated cytotoxicity and Fas-Fas Ligand-mediated pro-apoptotic activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that in the early stages of the disease, both Th1 and Th17 cells drive inflammation leading to mucosal damage via abnormal and long-lasting cytokines production as well as via both perforin- and Fas-Fas ligand-mediated cytotoxicity. Finally, all the T cells at mucosal level were able to produce large amount of TNF-α, suggesting that its production is a property of intestinal T cells of patients with early active intestinal disease. These results support the therapy with anti-TNF-α agents and suggest the use of anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibodies in Behçet patients with early intestinal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
| | - Chiara Della Bella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
| | - Alessia Grassi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
| | - Marisa Benagiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
| | | | - Danilo Squatrito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
| | - Luca Cantarini
- Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena
| | - Lorenzo Emmi
- SOD Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases –Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic – AOU Careggi
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital
- BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Prisco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
- SOD Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases –Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic – AOU Careggi
| | - Mario Milco D’Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
- SOD Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases –Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic – AOU Careggi
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Rhee EG, Mendez S, Shah JA, Wu CY, Kirman JR, Turon TN, Davey DF, Davis H, Klinman DM, Coler RN, Sacks DL, Seder RA. Vaccination with heat-killed leishmania antigen or recombinant leishmanial protein and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induces long-term memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and protection against leishmania major infection. J Exp Med 2002; 195:1565-73. [PMID: 12070284 PMCID: PMC2193566 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have potent effects on innate and adaptive cellular immune responses. In this report, the ability of CpG ODN to confer long-term immunity and protection when used as a vaccine adjuvant with a clinical grade of leishmanial antigen, autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM), or a recombinant leishmanial protein was studied. In two different mouse models of L. major infection, vaccination with ALM plus CpG ODN was able to control infection and markedly reduce lesion development in susceptible BALB/c and resistant C57BL/6 (B6) mice, respectively, up to 12 wk after immunization. Moreover, B6 mice immunized with ALM plus CpG ODNs were still protected against infectious challenge even 6 mo after vaccination. In terms of immune correlates of protection, ALM plus CpG ODN-vaccinated mice displayed L. major-specific T helper cell 1 and CD8+ responses. In addition, complete protection was markedly abrogated in mice depleted of CD8+ T cells at the time of vaccination. Similarly, mice vaccinated with a recombinant leishmanial protein plus CpG ODN also had long-term protection that was dependent on CD8+ T cells in vivo. Together, these data demonstrate that CpG ODN, when used as a vaccine adjuvant with either a recombinant protein or heat-killed leishmanial antigen, can induce long-term protection against an intracellular infection in a CD8-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Rhee
- Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Schuurhuis DH, Laban S, Toes RE, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Kleijmeer MJ, van der Voort EI, Rea D, Offringa R, Geuze HJ, Melief CJ, Ossendorp F. Immature dendritic cells acquire CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte priming capacity upon activation by T helper cell-independent or -dependent stimuli. J Exp Med 2000; 192:145-50. [PMID: 10880536 PMCID: PMC1887717 DOI: 10.1084/jem.192.1.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The well defined, immature murine dendritic cell (DC) line D1 was used to study the role of DC maturation in CTL induction in vitro and in vivo. Maturation of D1 cells, characterized by markedly increased expression of MHC and costimulatory molecules, was induced by incubation with lipopolysaccharide, agonistic CD40 antibody, or specific CD4(+) T helper (Th) cells. Activated, but not immature, D1 cells efficiently primed alloreactive T cell responses in vitro. Similarly, priming of CTL immunity in vivo in CD4-depleted mice was only observed if these mice were immunized with activated D1 cells. This study provides formal evidence that activation of DCs, induced by Th-independent as well as Th-dependent stimuli, is essential for efficient induction of CTL responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danita H. Schuurhuis
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Laban
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René E.M. Toes
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Monique J. Kleijmeer
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen I.H. van der Voort
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Delphine Rea
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Offringa
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J. Geuze
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J.M. Melief
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Sato MN, Minoprio P, Avrameas S, Ternynck T. Changes in the cytokine profile of lupus-prone mice (NZB/NZW)F1 induced by Plasmodium chabaudi and their implications in the reversal of clinical symptoms. Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 119:333-9. [PMID: 10632672 PMCID: PMC1905516 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously observed that aged lupus-prone (NZB/NZW)Fl (BWF1) mice when infected with Plasmodium chabaudi show an improvement in their clinical lupus-like symptoms. In order to study the mechanisms involved in the long-lasting protective effect of the P. chabaudi infection in lupus-prone mice we analysed specific aspects of the cellular response, namely the profiles of cytokine mRNA expression and cytokine secretion levels in old BWF1 mice, in comparison with uninfected age-matched BWF1 mice and infected or uninfected BALB/c mice. Two months after infection, cells from BWF1 mice were stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) and demonstrated a recovery of T cell responsiveness that reached the levels obtained with BALB/c cells. Old BWF1 mice showed high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-5 production and correspondingly low levels of IL-2 and IL-4 secretion before infection with P. chabaudi. Infection did not modify the IFN-gamma levels of BWF1 T cells, whereas it considerably increased the secretion of the Th2-related cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10. In addition, only BWF1 T cells showed increased mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). This counter-regulatory cytokine network of infected BWF1 mice may be involved in the improvement of their lupus symptoms. The results of our investigations using the complex model of P. chabaudi infection can be extended and, by using more restricted approaches, it may be possible to explain the multiple regulatory defects of lupus-prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Sato
- On leave from the Laboratório de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica e Experimental, LIM-56, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
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