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Liu A, Mohr MA, Hope JM, Wang J, Chen X, Cui B. Light-Inducible Activation of TrkA for Probing Chronic Pain in Mice. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1626-1637. [PMID: 39026469 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a prevalent problem that plagues modern society, and better understanding its mechanisms is critical for developing effective therapeutics. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its primary receptor, Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), are known to be potent mediators of chronic pain, but there is a lack of established methods for precisely perturbing the NGF/TrkA signaling pathway in the study of pain and nociception. Optobiological tools that leverage light-induced protein-protein interactions allow for precise spatial and temporal control of receptor signaling. Previously, our lab reported a blue light-activated version of TrkA generated using light-induced dimerization of the intracellular TrkA domain, opto-iTrkA. In this work, we show that opto-iTrkA activation is able to activate endogenous ERK and Akt signaling pathways and causes the retrograde transduction of phospho-ERK signals in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Opto-iTrkA activation also sensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel in cellular models, further corroborating the physiological relevance of the optobiological stimulus. Finally, we show that opto-iTrkA enables light-inducible potentiation of mechanical sensitization in mice. Light illumination enables nontraumatic and reversible (<2 days) sensitization of mechanical pain in mice transduced with opto-iTrkA, which provides a platform for dissecting TrkA pathways for nociception in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aofei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Manuel A Mohr
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jen M Hope
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xiaoke Chen
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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2
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Haque MM, Kuppusamy P, Melemedjian OK. Disruption of mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation in dorsal root ganglia drives persistent nociceptive sensitization and causes pervasive transcriptomic alterations. Pain 2024; 165:1531-1549. [PMID: 38285538 PMCID: PMC11189764 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Metabolism is inextricably linked to every aspect of cellular function. In addition to energy production and biosynthesis, metabolism plays a crucial role in regulating signal transduction and gene expression. Altered metabolic states have been shown to maintain aberrant signaling and transcription, contributing to diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. Metabolic gene polymorphisms and defects are also associated with chronic pain conditions, as are increased levels of nerve growth factor (NGF). However, the mechanisms by which NGF may modulate sensory neuron metabolism remain unclear. This study demonstrated that intraplantar NGF injection reprograms sensory neuron metabolism. Nerve growth factor suppressed mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation and enhanced lactate extrusion, requiring 24 hours to increase lactate dehydrogenase A and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDHK1) expression. Inhibiting these metabolic enzymes reversed NGF-mediated effects. Remarkably, directly disrupting mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation induced severe, persistent allodynia, implicating this metabolic dysfunction in chronic pain. Nanopore long-read sequencing of poly(A) mRNA uncovered extensive transcriptomic changes upon metabolic disruption, including altered gene expression, splicing, and poly(A) tail lengths. By linking metabolic disturbance of dorsal root ganglia to transcriptome reprogramming, this study enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying persistent nociceptive sensitization. These findings imply that impaired mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation may drive chronic pain, possibly by impacting transcriptomic regulation. Exploring these metabolite-driven mechanisms further might reveal novel therapeutic targets for intractable pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mamunul Haque
- Deptartmen of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Panjamurthy Kuppusamy
- Deptartmen of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ohannes K. Melemedjian
- Deptartmen of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
- UM Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Baltimore, MD, United States
- UM Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
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3
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Blaszkiewicz M, Tao T, Mensah-Arhin K, Willows JW, Bates R, Huang W, Cao L, Smith RL, Townsend KL. Gene therapy approaches for obesity-induced adipose neuropathy: Device-targeted AAV-mediated neurotrophic factor delivery to adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1407-1424. [PMID: 38429927 PMCID: PMC11081869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining functional adipose innervation is critical for metabolic health. We found that subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) undergoes peripheral neuropathy (PN) with obesity, diabetes, and aging (reduced small-fiber innervation and nerve/synaptic/growth-cone/vesicle markers, altered nerve activity). Unlike with nerve injuries, peripheral nerves do not regenerate with PN, and therefore new therapies are needed for treatment of this condition affecting 20-30 million Americans. Here, we validated a gene therapy approach using an adipocyte-tropic adeno-associated virus (AAV; serotype Rec2) to deliver neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] and nerve growth factor [NGF]) directly to scWAT to improve tissue-specific PN as a proof-of-concept approach. AAVRec2-BDNF intra-adipose delivery improved tissue innervation in obese/diabetic mice with PN, but after longer periods of dietary obesity there was reduced efficacy, revealing a key time window for therapies. AAVRec2-NGF also increased scWAT innervation in obese mice and was more effective than BDNF, likely because Rec2 targeted adipocytes, the tissue's endogenous NGF source. AAVRec2-NGF also worked well even after 25 weeks of dietary obesity, unlike BDNF, which likely needs a vector that targets its physiological cellular source (stromal vascular fraction cells). Given the differing effects of AAVs carrying NGF versus BDNF, a combined therapy may be ideal for PN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianyi Tao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kofi Mensah-Arhin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jake W Willows
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rhiannon Bates
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rosemary L Smith
- College of Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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4
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Burk K. The endocytosis, trafficking, sorting and signaling of neurotrophic receptors. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:141-165. [PMID: 36813356 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are soluble factors secreted by neurons themselves as well as by post-synaptic target tissues. Neurotrophic signaling regulates several processes such as neurite growth, neuronal survival and synaptogenesis. In order to signal, neurotrophins bind to their receptors, the tropomyosin receptor tyrosine kinase (Trk), which causes internalization of the ligand-receptor complex. Subsequently, this complex is routed into the endosomal system from where Trks can start their downstream signaling. Depending on their endosomal localization, co-receptors involved, but also due to the expression patterns of adaptor proteins, Trks regulate a variety of mechanisms. In this chapter, I provide an overview of the endocytosis, trafficking, sorting and signaling of neurotrophic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Burk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany.
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5
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Moya-Alvarado G, Tiburcio-Felix R, Ibáñez MR, Aguirre-Soto AA, Guerra MV, Wu C, Mobley WC, Perlson E, Bronfman FC. BDNF/TrkB signaling endosomes in axons coordinate CREB/mTOR activation and protein synthesis in the cell body to induce dendritic growth in cortical neurons. eLife 2023; 12:77455. [PMID: 36826992 PMCID: PMC9977295 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptors tropomyosin kinase receptor B (TrkB) and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75) are the primary regulators of dendritic growth in the CNS. After being bound by BDNF, TrkB and p75 are endocytosed into endosomes and continue signaling within the cell soma, dendrites, and axons. We studied the functional role of BDNF axonal signaling in cortical neurons derived from different transgenic mice using compartmentalized cultures in microfluidic devices. We found that axonal BDNF increased dendritic growth from the neuronal cell body in a cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-dependent manner. These effects were dependent on axonal TrkB but not p75 activity. Dynein-dependent BDNF-TrkB-containing endosome transport was required for long-distance induction of dendritic growth. Axonal signaling endosomes increased CREB and mTOR kinase activity in the cell body, and this increase in the activity of both proteins was required for general protein translation and the expression of Arc, a plasticity-associated gene, indicating a role for BDNF-TrkB axonal signaling endosomes in coordinating the transcription and translation of genes whose products contribute to learning and memory regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Moya-Alvarado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Center for Aging and Regeneration), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Av. Libertador Bernardo O´HigginsSantiagoChile
| | - Reynaldo Tiburcio-Felix
- NeuroSignaling Lab (NESLab), Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-UC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andrés BelloSantiagoChile
| | - María Raquel Ibáñez
- NeuroSignaling Lab (NESLab), Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-UC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andrés BelloSantiagoChile
| | - Alejandro A Aguirre-Soto
- NeuroSignaling Lab (NESLab), Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-UC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andrés BelloSantiagoChile
| | - Miguel V Guerra
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Center for Aging and Regeneration), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Av. Libertador Bernardo O´HigginsSantiagoChile,NeuroSignaling Lab (NESLab), Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-UC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andrés BelloSantiagoChile
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - William C Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Eran Perlson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Francisca C Bronfman
- NeuroSignaling Lab (NESLab), Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-UC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andrés BelloSantiagoChile
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6
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Vermehren-Schmaedick A, Olah MJ, Ramunno-Johnson D, Lidke KA, Cohen MS, Vu TQ. Molecular-Scale Dynamics of Long Range Retrograde Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Transport Shaped by Cellular Spatial Context. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:835815. [PMID: 35431786 PMCID: PMC9008462 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.835815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde neurotrophin (NT) transport is a specialized form of signal transduction used to conduct information from axons to the cell bodies of central and peripheral nervous system neurons. It is activated upon NT-Trk receptor binding, NT-Trk internalization into signaling endosomes, and their motion along the axon toward the cell body. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an abundant NT that modulates key brain and spinal cord functions, and defects in BDNF trafficking are associated with neuronal death, neurodegenerative diseases and in nerve injury. Decades of study have yielded impressive progress in elucidating NT retrograde transport; however, much information remains unclear. For example, while it is known that NT function is dependent on tight control of NT-receptor intracellular trafficking, data describing the precise spatiotemporal molecular dynamics of their axonal to somatic transport are lacking. In past work, we showed the use of discrete, photo-bleaching-resistant quantum dot (QD)-BNDF probes to activate and track BDNF-TrkB receptor internalization; this revealed a rich diversity of molecular motions that intracellular BDNF signaling endosomes undergo within the soma of nodose ganglia sensory neurons. Here, we used combined techniques of discrete QD-BDNF tracking with compartmented microfluidic chambers to characterize retrograde BDNF-TrkB transport over long-ranging distances of primary dorsal root ganglion sensory neuronal axons. Our new findings show that axonal retrograde motion is comprised of heterogeneous mixtures of diffusive behaviors, pauses, and variations in net molecular-motor-dependent transport speeds. Notably, specific molecular dynamic features such as NT speed were dependent on spatial context that could be categorized in distance from distal axons and proximity to the soma and were not entirely dictated by active motor transport speed. The important implication is recognition that NT-receptor retrograde transport is comprised of molecular dynamics, which change over the course of long-range trafficking to shape overall transport and possibly signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Vermehren-Schmaedick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mark J. Olah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Damien Ramunno-Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Keith A. Lidke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Michael S. Cohen
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tania Q. Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Tania Q. Vu,
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7
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Pathak A, Clark S, Bronfman FC, Deppmann CD, Carter BD. Long-distance regressive signaling in neural development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2021; 10:e382. [PMID: 32391977 PMCID: PMC7655682 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nervous system development proceeds via well-orchestrated processes involving a balance between progressive and regressive events including stabilization or elimination of axons, synapses, and even entire neurons. These progressive and regressive events are driven by functionally antagonistic signaling pathways with the dominant pathway eventually determining whether a neural element is retained or removed. Many of these developmental sculpting events are triggered by final target innervation necessitating a long-distance mode of communication. While long-distance progressive signaling has been well characterized, particularly for neurotrophic factors, there remains relatively little known about how regressive events are triggered from a distance. Here we discuss the emergent phenomenon of long-distance regressive signaling pathways. In particular, we will cover (a) progressive and regressive cues known to be employed after target innervation, (b) the mechanisms of long-distance signaling from an endosomal platform, (c) recent evidence that long-distance regressive cues emanate from platforms like death receptors or repulsive axon guidance receptors, and (d) evidence that these pathways are exploited in pathological scenarios. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles Signaling Pathways > Global Signaling Mechanisms Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cytoplasmic Localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shayla Clark
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Francisca C. Bronfman
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher D. Deppmann
- Departments of Biology, Cell Biology, Biomedical Engineering, and Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Bruce D. Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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8
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Abstract
During the development of the nervous system, neurons respond to diffusible cues secreted by target cells. Because such target-derived factors regulate development, maturation, and maintenance of axons as well as somatodendritic compartments, signals initiated at distal axons must be retrogradely transmitted toward cell bodies. Neurotrophins, including the nerve growth factor (NGF), provide one of the best-known examples of target-derived growth factors. The cell biological processes of endocytosis and retrograde trafficking of their Trk receptors from growth cones to cell bodies are key mechanisms by which target-derived neurotrophins influence neurons. Evidence accumulated over the past several decades has begun to uncover the molecular mechanisms of formation, transport, and biological functions of these specialized endosomes called "signaling endosomes."
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9
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Convertino D, Fabbri F, Mishra N, Mainardi M, Cappello V, Testa G, Capsoni S, Albertazzi L, Luin S, Marchetti L, Coletti C. Graphene Promotes Axon Elongation through Local Stall of Nerve Growth Factor Signaling Endosomes. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3633-3641. [PMID: 32208704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Several works reported increased differentiation of neuronal cells grown on graphene; however, the molecular mechanism driving axon elongation on this material has remained elusive. Here, we study the axonal transport of nerve growth factor (NGF), the neurotrophin supporting development of peripheral neurons, as a key player in the time course of axonal elongation of dorsal root ganglion neurons on graphene. We find that graphene drastically reduces the number of retrogradely transported NGF vesicles in favor of a stalled population in the first 2 days of culture, in which the boost of axon elongation is observed. This correlates with a mutual charge redistribution, observed via Raman spectroscopy and electrophysiological recordings. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis indicates a reduced microtubule distance and an elongated axonal topology. Thus, both electrophysiological and structural effects can account for graphene action on neuron development. Unraveling the molecular players underneath this interplay may open new avenues for axon regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Convertino
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Fabbri
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Mainardi
- BIO@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Testa
- BIO@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Capsoni
- BIO@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08024 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Luin
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- NEST Istituto Nanoscienze, CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Coletti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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10
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Tuttle A, Drerup CM, Marra M, McGraw H, Nechiporuk AV. Retrograde Ret signaling controls sensory pioneer axon outgrowth. eLife 2019; 8:46092. [PMID: 31476133 PMCID: PMC6718271 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The trafficking mechanisms and transcriptional targets downstream of long-range neurotrophic factor ligand/receptor signaling that promote axon growth are incompletely understood. Zebrafish carrying a null mutation in a neurotrophic factor receptor, Ret, displayed defects in peripheral sensory axon growth cone morphology and dynamics. Ret receptor was highly enriched in sensory pioneer neurons and Ret51 isoform was required for pioneer axon outgrowth. Loss-of-function of a cargo adaptor, Jip3, partially phenocopied Ret axonal defects, led to accumulation of activated Ret in pioneer growth cones, and reduced retrograde Ret51 transport. Jip3 and Ret51 were also retrogradely co-transported, ultimately suggesting Jip3 is a retrograde adapter of active Ret51. Finally, loss of Ret reduced transcription and growth cone localization of Myosin-X, an initiator of filopodial formation. These results show a specific role for Ret51 in pioneer axon growth, and suggest a critical role for long-range retrograde Ret signaling in regulating growth cone dynamics through downstream transcriptional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Tuttle
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Catherine M Drerup
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Molly Marra
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Hillary McGraw
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Alex V Nechiporuk
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
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11
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Burk K, Pasterkamp RJ. Disrupted neuronal trafficking in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:859-877. [PMID: 30721407 PMCID: PMC6531423 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, adult-onset neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord leading to muscle weakness. Median survival after symptom onset in patients is 3-5 years and no effective therapies are available to treat or cure ALS. Therefore, further insight is needed into the molecular and cellular mechanisms that cause motor neuron degeneration and ALS. Different ALS disease mechanisms have been identified and recent evidence supports a prominent role for defects in intracellular transport. Several different ALS-causing gene mutations (e.g., in FUS, TDP-43, or C9ORF72) have been linked to defects in neuronal trafficking and a picture is emerging on how these defects may trigger disease. This review summarizes and discusses these recent findings. An overview of how endosomal and receptor trafficking are affected in ALS is followed by a description on dysregulated autophagy and ER/Golgi trafficking. Finally, changes in axonal transport and nucleocytoplasmic transport are discussed. Further insight into intracellular trafficking defects in ALS will deepen our understanding of ALS pathogenesis and will provide novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Burk
- Department of Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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12
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Qin EC, Kandel ME, Liamas E, Shah TB, Kim C, Kaufman CD, Zhang ZJ, Popescu G, Gillette MU, Leckband DE, Kong H. Graphene oxide substrates with N-cadherin stimulates neuronal growth and intracellular transport. Acta Biomater 2019; 90:412-423. [PMID: 30951897 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular transport is fundamental for neuronal function and development and is dependent on the formation of stable actin filaments. N-cadherin, a cell-cell adhesion protein, is actively involved in neuronal growth and actin cytoskeleton organization. Various groups have explored how neurons behaved on substrates engineered to present N-cadherin; however, few efforts have been made to examine how these surfaces modulate neuronal intracellular transport. To address this issue, we assembled a substrate to which recombinant N-cadherin molecules are physiosorbed using graphene oxide (GO) or reduced graphene oxide (rGO). N-cadherin physisorbed on GO and rGO led to a substantial enhancement of intracellular mass transport along neurites relative to N-cadherin on glass, due to increased neuronal adhesion, neurite extensions, dendritic arborization and glial cell adhesion. This study will be broadly useful for recreating active neural tissues in vitro and for improving our understanding of the development, homeostasis, and physiology of neurons. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Intracellular transport of proteins and chemical cues is extremely important for culturing neurons in vitro, as they replenish materials within and facilitate communication between neurons. Various studies have shown that intracellular transport is dependent on the formation of stable actin filaments. However, the extent to which cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion modulates intracellular transport is not heavily explored. In this study, N-cadherin was adsorbed onto graphene oxide-based substrates to understand the role of cadherin at a molecular level and the intracellular transport within cells was examined using spatial light interference microscopy. As such, the results of this study will serve to better understand and harness the role of cell-cell adhesion in neuron development and regeneration.
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13
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Regulation of NGF Signaling by an Axonal Untranslated mRNA. Neuron 2019; 102:553-563.e8. [PMID: 30853298 PMCID: PMC6509357 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are extraordinarily large and highly polarized cells that require rapid and efficient communication between cell bodies and axons over long distances. In peripheral neurons, transcripts are transported along axons to growth cones, where they are rapidly translated in response to extrinsic signals. While studying Tp53inp2, a transcript highly expressed and enriched in sympathetic neuron axons, we unexpectedly discovered that Tp53inp2 is not translated. Instead, the transcript supports axon growth in a coding-independent manner. Increasing evidence indicates that mRNAs may function independently of their coding capacity; for example, acting as a scaffold for functionally related proteins. The Tp53inp2 transcript interacts with the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor TrkA, regulating TrkA endocytosis and signaling. Deletion of Tp53inp2 inhibits axon growth in vivo, and the defects are rescued by a non-translatable form of the transcript. Tp53inp2 is an atypical mRNA that regulates axon growth by enhancing NGF-TrkA signaling in a translation-independent manner. Tp53inp2 is the most abundant mRNA in SN axons but is not translated Tp53inp2 transcript interacts with the TrkA receptor to regulate NGF signaling In SNs, Tp53inp2 functions independently of its protein-coding capacity Tp53inp2 transcript is essential for axon growth and target innervation in vivo
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14
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Fahnestock M, Shekari A. ProNGF and Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:129. [PMID: 30853882 PMCID: PMC6395390 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Profound and early basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) degeneration is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Loss of synapses between basal forebrain and hippocampal and cortical target tissue correlates highly with the degree of dementia and is thought to be a major contributor to memory loss. BFCNs depend for their survival, connectivity and function on the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) which is retrogradely transported from its sites of synthesis in the cortex and hippocampus. The form of NGF found in human brain is proNGF. ProNGF binds to the NGF receptors TrkA and p75NTR, but it binds more strongly to p75NTR and more weakly to TrkA than does mature NGF. This renders proNGF more sensitive to receptor balance than mature NGF. In the healthy brain, where BFCNs express both TrkA and p75NTR, proNGF is neurotrophic, activating TrkA-dependent signaling pathways such as MAPK and Akt-mTOR and eliciting cell survival and neurite outgrowth. However, if TrkA is lost or if p75NTR is increased, proNGF activates p75NTR-dependent apoptotic pathways such as JNK. This receptor sensitivity serves as a neurotrophic/apoptotic switch that eliminates BFCNs that cannot maintain TrkA/p75NTR balance and therefore synaptic connections with their targets. TrkA is increasingly lost in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. In addition, proNGF accumulates at BFCN terminals in cortex and hippocampus, reducing the amount of trophic factor that reaches BFCN cell bodies. The loss of TrkA and accumulation of proNGF occur early in MCI and correlate with cognitive impairment. Increased levels of proNGF and reduced levels of TrkA lead to BFCN neurodegeneration and eventual p75NTR-dependent apoptosis. In addition, in AD BFCNs suffer from reduced TrkA-dependent retrograde transport which reduces neurotrophic support. Thus, BFCNs are particularly vulnerable to AD due to their dependence upon retrograde trophic support from proNGF signaling and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Arman Shekari
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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15
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Olenick MA, Dominguez R, Holzbaur ELF. Dynein activator Hook1 is required for trafficking of BDNF-signaling endosomes in neurons. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:220-233. [PMID: 30373907 PMCID: PMC6314548 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201805016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal transport is required for neuronal development and survival. Transport from the axon to the soma is driven by the molecular motor cytoplasmic dynein, yet it remains unclear how dynein is spatially and temporally regulated. We find that the dynein effector Hook1 mediates transport of TrkB-BDNF-signaling endosomes in primary hippocampal neurons. Hook1 comigrates with a subpopulation of Rab5 endosomes positive for TrkB and BDNF, which exhibit processive retrograde motility with faster velocities than the overall Rab5 population. Knockdown of Hook1 significantly reduced the motility of BDNF-signaling endosomes without affecting the motility of other organelles. In microfluidic chambers, Hook1 depletion resulted in a significant decrease in the flux and processivity of BDNF-Qdots along the mid-axon, an effect specific for Hook1 but not Hook3. Hook1 depletion inhibited BDNF trafficking to the soma and blocked downstream BDNF- and TrkB-dependent signaling to the nucleus. Together, these studies support a model in which differential association with cargo-specific effectors efficiently regulates dynein in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Olenick
- The Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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16
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Villarroel-Campos D, Schiavo G, Lazo OM. The many disguises of the signalling endosome. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3615-3632. [PMID: 30176054 PMCID: PMC6282995 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are highly complex and polarised cells that must overcome a series of logistic challenges to maintain homeostasis across their morphological domains. A very clear example is the propagation of neurotrophic signalling from distal axons, where target-released neurotrophins bind to their receptors and initiate signalling, towards the cell body, where nuclear and cytosolic responses are integrated. The mechanisms of propagation of neurotrophic signalling have been extensively studied and, eventually, the model of a 'signalling endosome', transporting activated receptors and associated complexes, has emerged. Nevertheless, the exact nature of this organelle remains elusive. In this Review, we examine the evidence for the retrograde transport of neurotrophins and their receptors in endosomes, outline some of their diverse physiological and pathological roles, and discuss the main interactors, morphological features and trafficking destinations of a highly flexible endosomal signalling organelle with multiple molecular signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarroel-Campos
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, University College London Campus, UK
| | - Oscar Marcelo Lazo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
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17
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Murray SS, Wong AW, Yang J, Li Y, Putz U, Tan SS, Howitt J. Ubiquitin Regulation of Trk Receptor Trafficking and Degradation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1628-1636. [PMID: 29911254 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of Trk receptors is critical for orchestrating multiple signalling pathways required for developing and maintaining neuronal networks. Activation of Trk receptors results in signalling, internalisation and subsequent degradation of the protein. Although ubiquitination of TrkA by Nedd4-2 has been identified as an important degradation pathway, much less is known about the pathways regulating the degradation of TrkB and TrkC. Critical to the interaction between TrkA and Nedd4-2 is a PPxY motif present within TrkA but absent in TrkB and TrkC. Given the absence of this interaction motif, it remains to be determined how TrkB and TrkC are ubiquitinated. Here we report that the adaptor protein Ndfip1 can interact with all three Trk receptors and show for TrkB the recruitment of Nedd4-2 through PPxY motifs present in Ndfip1. Ndfip1 mediates the ubiquitination of TrkB, resulting in receptor trafficking predominantly on Rab7 containing late endosomes, highlighting a pathway for TrkB degradation at the lysosome. In vitro, overexpression of Ndfip1 increased TrkB ubiquitination and decreased viability of BDNF-dependent primary neurons. In vivo, conditional genetic deletion of Ndfip1 increased TrkB in the brain and resulted in enlargement of the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Murray
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - A W Wong
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - J Yang
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Y Li
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - U Putz
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - S-S Tan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - J Howitt
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. .,Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Iverson Health Innovation Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.
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18
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Scott-Solomon E, Kuruvilla R. Mechanisms of neurotrophin trafficking via Trk receptors. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:25-33. [PMID: 29596897 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In neurons, long-distance communication between axon terminals and cell bodies is a critical determinant in establishing and maintaining neural circuits. Neurotrophins are soluble factors secreted by post-synaptic target tissues that retrogradely control axon and dendrite growth, survival, and synaptogenesis of innervating neurons. Neurotrophins bind Trk receptor tyrosine kinases in axon terminals to promote endocytosis of ligand-bound phosphorylated receptors into signaling endosomes. Trk-harboring endosomes function locally in axons to acutely promote growth events, and can also be retrogradely transported long-distances to remote cell bodies and dendrites to stimulate cytoplasmic and transcriptional signaling necessary for neuron survival, morphogenesis, and maturation. Neuronal responsiveness to target-derived neurotrophins also requires the precise axonal targeting of newly synthesized Trk receptors. Recent studies suggest that anterograde delivery of Trk receptors is regulated by retrograde neurotrophin signaling. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the functions and mechanisms of retrograde trafficking of Trk signaling endosomes, and highlight recent discoveries on the forward trafficking of nascent receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Scott-Solomon
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, 227 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Rejji Kuruvilla
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, 227 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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19
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Barford K, Keeler A, McMahon L, McDaniel K, Yap CC, Deppmann CD, Winckler B. Transcytosis of TrkA leads to diversification of dendritic signaling endosomes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4715. [PMID: 29549340 PMCID: PMC5856830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the peripheral nervous system relies on long-distance signaling from target organs back to the soma. In sympathetic neurons, this long-distance signaling is mediated by target derived Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) interacting with its axonal receptor, TrkA. This ligand receptor complex internalizes into what is commonly referred to as the signaling endosome which is transported retrogradely to the soma and dendrites to mediate survival signaling and synapse formation, respectively. The molecular identity of signaling endosomes in dendrites has not yet been determined. Here, we perform a detailed analysis of TrkA endosomal compartments and trafficking patterns. We find that signaling endosomes are not uniform but molecularly diversified into Rab7 (late endosome) and Rab11 (recycling endosome) populations in axons and dendrites in vitro and in the soma in vivo. Surprisingly, TrkA-NGF signaling endosomes in dendrites undergo dynamic trafficking events, including putative fusion and fission. Overall, we find that signaling endosomes do not remain as a singular endosomal subtype but instead exist in multiple populations that undergo dynamic endosomal trafficking events. These dynamic events might drive functional diversification of the signaling endosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Barford
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Austin Keeler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Physical Life Sciences Building (PLSB), 90 Geldard Drive, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, USA
| | - Lloyd McMahon
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Kathryn McDaniel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Chan Choo Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Christopher D Deppmann
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Physical Life Sciences Building (PLSB), 90 Geldard Drive, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, USA.
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA.
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20
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Ye M, Lehigh KM, Ginty DD. Multivesicular bodies mediate long-range retrograde NGF-TrkA signaling. eLife 2018; 7:33012. [PMID: 29381137 PMCID: PMC5811214 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of neurons in the peripheral nervous system is dependent on target-derived, long-range retrograde neurotrophic factor signals. The prevailing view is that target-derived nerve growth factor (NGF), the prototypical neurotrophin, and its receptor TrkA are carried retrogradely by early endosomes, which serve as TrkA signaling platforms in cell bodies. Here, we report that the majority of retrograde TrkA signaling endosomes in mouse sympathetic neurons are ultrastructurally and molecularly defined multivesicular bodies (MVBs). In contrast to MVBs that carry non-TrkA cargoes from distal axons to cell bodies, retrogradely transported TrkA+ MVBs that arrive in cell bodies evade lysosomal fusion and instead evolve into TrkA+ single-membrane vesicles that are signaling competent. Moreover, TrkA kinase activity associated with retrogradely transported TrkA+ MVBs determines TrkA+ endosome evolution and fate. Thus, MVBs deliver long-range retrograde NGF signals and serve as signaling and sorting platforms in the cell soma, and MVB cargoes dictate their vesicular fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Ye
- Human Genetics Training Program, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Kathryn M Lehigh
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - David D Ginty
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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21
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Chen XQ, Sawa M, Mobley WC. Dysregulation of neurotrophin signaling in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease and of Alzheimer disease in Down syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 114:52-61. [PMID: 29031834 PMCID: PMC5748266 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors, including the members of the neurotrophin family, play important roles in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Trophic factor signals must be transmitted over long distances from axons and dendrites to the cell bodies of neurons. A mode of signaling well suited to the challenge of robust long distance signaling is the signaling endosome. We review the biology of signaling endosomes and the "signaling endosome hypothesis". Evidence for disruption of signaling endosome function in disorders of the nervous system is also reviewed. Changes in endosome structure in Alzheimer disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS) are present early in these disorders. Data for the APP products responsible are reviewed and the consequent changes in signaling from endosomes discussed. We conclude by pointing to the need for additional studies to explore the biology of signaling endosomes in normal neurons and to elucidate their role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Qiao Chen
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
| | - Mariko Sawa
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - William C Mobley
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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22
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Lehigh KM, West KM, Ginty DD. Retrogradely Transported TrkA Endosomes Signal Locally within Dendrites to Maintain Sympathetic Neuron Synapses. Cell Rep 2017; 19:86-100. [PMID: 28380365 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic neurons require NGF from their target fields for survival, axonal target innervation, dendritic growth and formation, and maintenance of synaptic inputs from preganglionic neurons. Target-derived NGF signals are propagated retrogradely, from distal axons to somata of sympathetic neurons via TrkA signaling endosomes. We report that a subset of TrkA endosomes that are transported from distal axons to cell bodies translocate into dendrites, where they are signaling competent and move bidirectionally, in close proximity to synaptic protein clusters. Using a strategy for spatially confined inhibition of TrkA kinase activity, we found that distal-axon-derived TrkA signaling endosomes are necessary within sympathetic neuron dendrites for maintenance of synapses. Thus, TrkA signaling endosomes have unique functions in different cellular compartments. Moreover, target-derived NGF mediates circuit formation and synapse maintenance through TrkA endosome signaling within dendrites to promote aggregation of postsynaptic protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Lehigh
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Katherine M West
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David D Ginty
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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23
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Omerbašić D, Smith ESJ, Moroni M, Homfeld J, Eigenbrod O, Bennett NC, Reznick J, Faulkes CG, Selbach M, Lewin GR. Hypofunctional TrkA Accounts for the Absence of Pain Sensitization in the African Naked Mole-Rat. Cell Rep 2017; 17:748-758. [PMID: 27732851 PMCID: PMC5081396 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The naked mole-rat is a subterranean rodent lacking several pain behaviors found in humans, rats, and mice. For example, nerve growth factor (NGF), an important mediator of pain sensitization, fails to produce thermal hyperalgesia in naked mole-rats. The sensitization of capsaicin-sensitive TRPV1 ion channels is necessary for NGF-induced hyperalgesia, but naked mole-rats have fully functional TRPV1 channels. We show that exposing isolated naked mole-rat nociceptors to NGF does not sensitize TRPV1. However, the naked mole-rat NGF receptor TrkA displays a reduced ability to engage signal transduction pathways that sensitize TRPV1. Between one- and three-amino-acid substitutions in the kinase domain of the naked mole-rat TrkA are sufficient to render the receptor hypofunctional, and this is associated with the absence of heat hyperalgesia. Our data suggest that evolution has selected for a TrkA variant that abolishes a robust nociceptive behavior in this species but is still compatible with species fitness. TRPV1 ion channels in naked mole-rat nociceptors are not sensitized by NGF Naked mole-rat TRPV1 channels are sensitized by NGF in mouse nociceptors NGF activation of naked mole-rat TrkA receptors does not sensitize TRPV1 One to three amino acids in the naked mole-rat TrkA receptors may render it hypofunctional
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Omerbašić
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Proteome Dynamics Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ewan St J Smith
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Mirko Moroni
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Homfeld
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ole Eigenbrod
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nigel C Bennett
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, Republic of South Africa
| | - Jane Reznick
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chris G Faulkes
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Matthias Selbach
- Proteome Dynamics Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gary R Lewin
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Excellence Cluster Neurocure, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Terenzio M, Schiavo G, Fainzilber M. Compartmentalized Signaling in Neurons: From Cell Biology to Neuroscience. Neuron 2017; 96:667-679. [PMID: 29096079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are the largest known cells, with complex and highly polarized morphologies. As such, neuronal signaling is highly compartmentalized, requiring sophisticated transfer mechanisms to convey and integrate information within and between sub-neuronal compartments. Here, we survey different modes of compartmentalized signaling in neurons, highlighting examples wherein the fundamental cell biological processes of protein synthesis and degradation, membrane trafficking, and organelle transport are employed to enable the encoding and integration of information, locally and globally within a neuron. Comparisons to other cell types indicate that neurons accentuate widely shared mechanisms, providing invaluable models for the compartmentalization and transfer mechanisms required and used by most eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Terenzio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine at UCL, London WC1N 3BG, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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25
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Abstract
In neurons, correct targeting of receptors to the axon is critical for cell survival and circuit formation. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Yamashita et al. (2017) report that the ER-resident phosphatase PTP1B is required to prime TrkA for axonal transport.
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26
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Yamashita N, Joshi R, Zhang S, Zhang ZY, Kuruvilla R. Phospho-Regulation of Soma-to-Axon Transcytosis of Neurotrophin Receptors. Dev Cell 2017; 42:626-639.e5. [PMID: 28919207 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Axonal targeting of signaling receptors is essential for neuronal responses to extracellular cues. Here, we report that retrograde signaling by target-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) is necessary for soma-to-axon transcytosis of TrkA receptors in sympathetic neurons, and we define the molecular underpinnings of this positive feedback regulation that enhances neuronal sensitivity to trophic factors. Activated TrkA receptors are retrogradely transported in signaling endosomes from distal axons to cell bodies, where they are inserted on soma surfaces and promote phosphorylation of resident naive receptors, resulting in their internalization. Endocytosed TrkA receptors are then dephosphorylated by PTP1B, an ER-resident protein tyrosine phosphatase, prior to axonal transport. PTP1B inactivation prevents TrkA exit from soma and causes receptor degradation, suggesting a "gatekeeper" mechanism that ensures targeting of inactive receptors to axons to engage with ligand. In mice, PTP1B deletion reduces axonal TrkA levels and attenuates neuron survival and target innervation under limiting NGF (NGF+/-) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Yamashita
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, 227 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Rajshri Joshi
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, 227 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, Robert E. Heine Pharmacy Building, Room 202A, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, Robert E. Heine Pharmacy Building, Room 202A, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Rejji Kuruvilla
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, 227 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Cobianchi S, Jaramillo J, Luvisetto S, Pavone F, Navarro X. Botulinum neurotoxin A promotes functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury by increasing regeneration of myelinated fibers. Neuroscience 2017; 359:82-91. [PMID: 28716587 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The injection of safe doses of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) have been reported to be useful for the treatment of neuropathic pain, but it is still unknown how functional recovery is induced after peripheral nerve injury. We evaluated the effects of intranerve application of BoNT/A, on regeneration and sensorimotor functional recovery in partial and complete peripheral nerve injuries in the mouse. After sciatic nerve crush (SNC) and intranerve delivery of BoNT/A (15pg), axonal regeneration was measured by nerve pinch test at different days. Regeneration of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers was assessed by immunohistochemical double labeling for NF200/GAP43 and CGRP/GAP43. S100 was used as Schwann cells marker. Medial footpad skin reinnervation was assessed by PGP staining. Motor functions were assessed by means of nerve conduction tests. In other mice groups, nerve conduction tests were performed also after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve and intraplantar injection of BoNT/A (15pg). In SNC mice, BoNT/A increased the rate of axonal regeneration. The advantage of regrowing myelinated axons after BoNT/A injection was evidenced by longer NF200+ nerve profiles and confirmed by nerve histology. We observed also a higher expression of S100 in the distal portion of BoNT/A-injected regenerated nerves. In CCI mice, BoNT/A induced an increase in reinnervation of gastrocnemius and plantar muscles. These results show that a low dose of BoNT/A, insufficient to produce muscular dysfunction, conversely speeds up sensorimotor recovery by stimulating myelinated axonal regeneration, and points out its application as a multipotent treatment for peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cobianchi
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Jessica Jaramillo
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Siro Luvisetto
- CNR-National Research Council, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Pavone
- CNR-National Research Council, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
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Sánchez-Sánchez J, Arévalo JC. A Review on Ubiquitination of Neurotrophin Receptors: Facts and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030630. [PMID: 28335430 PMCID: PMC5372643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible post-translational modification involved in a plethora of different physiological functions. Among the substrates that are ubiquitinated, neurotrophin receptors (TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, and p75NTR) have been studied recently. TrkA is the most studied receptor in terms of its ubiquitination, and different E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases have been implicated in its ubiquitination, whereas not much is known about the other neurotrophin receptors aside from their ubiquitination. Additional studies are needed that focus on the ubiquitination of TrkB, TrkC, and p75NTR in order to further understand the role of ubiquitination in their physiological and pathological functions. Here we review what is currently known regarding the ubiquitination of neurotrophin receptors and its physiological and pathological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Institute of Neuroscience Castile & Leon, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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Barford K, Deppmann C, Winckler B. The neurotrophin receptor signaling endosome: Where trafficking meets signaling. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 77:405-418. [PMID: 27503831 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are the largest cells in the body and form subcellular compartments such as axons and dendrites. During both development and adulthood building blocks must be continually trafficked long distances to maintain the different regions of the neuron. Beyond building blocks, signaling complexes are also transported, allowing for example, axons to communicate with the soma. The critical roles of signaling via ligand-receptor complexes is perhaps best illustrated in the context of development, where they are known to regulate polarization, survival, axon outgrowth, dendrite development, and synapse formation. However, knowing 'when' and 'how much' signaling is occurring does not provide the complete story. The location of signaling has a significant impact on the functional outcomes. There are therefore complex and functionally important trafficking mechanisms in place to control the precise spatial and temporal aspects of many signal transduction events. In turn, many of these signaling events affect trafficking mechanisms, setting up an intricate connection between trafficking and signaling. In this review we will use neurotrophin receptors, specifically TrkA and TrkB, to illustrate the cell biology underlying the links between trafficking and signaling. Briefly, we will discuss the concepts of how trafficking and signaling are intimately linked for functional and diverse signaling outputs, and how the same protein can play different roles for the same receptor depending on its localization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 419-437, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Barford
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908
| | - Christopher Deppmann
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Physical Life Sciences Building (PLSB), 90 Geldard Drive, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908
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Holt DE, Brown DC, Henthorn PS. Evaluation of the dynactin 1 gene in Leonbergers and Labrador Retrievers with laryngeal paralysis. Am J Vet Res 2017; 77:1114-20. [PMID: 27668583 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.10.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To sequence exons and splice consensus sites of the dynactin subunit 1 (DCTN1) gene in Leonbergers and Labrador Retrievers with clinical laryngeal paralysis. ANIMALS 5 unrelated Leonbergers with laryngeal paralysis, 2 clinically normal Leonbergers, 7 unrelated Labrador Retrievers with laryngeal paralysis, and 2 clinically normal Labrador Retrievers. PROCEDURES Primers were designed for the entire coding regions of the DCTN1 gene, a noncoding exon at the 5´ end of the gene, and a 900-bp single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-rich region located 17 kb upstream of the DCTN1 gene by use of the CanFam3 assembly of the canine genome sequence. Sequences were generated and compared between clinically normal and affected dogs. The SNPs flanking the DCTN1 gene as well as a previously identified nonsynonymous SNP in exon 32 were genotyped in affected and clinically normal Leonbergers and Labrador Retrievers. RESULTS None of the affected dogs were homozygous for any mutation affecting coding regions or splicing consensus sequences. Of the 16 dogs tested for the missense SNP in exon 32, all were homozygous for the reference allele, except for 2 affected and 1 clinically normal Labrador Retriever and 1 clinically normal Leonberger. The DCTN1 gene sequences (5 dogs) and haplotypes of polymorphic markers surrounding the DCTN1 gene (all dogs) were not consistent with the hypothesis that laryngeal paralysis was associated with inheritance of the same DCTN1 disease-causing allele within all Labrador Retrievers or Leonbergers evaluated. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Mutations in the DCTN1 gene did not appear to cause laryngeal paralysis in Leonbergers or Labrador Retrievers.
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HAP1 Is Required for Endocytosis and Signalling of BDNF and Its Receptors in Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1815-1830. [PMID: 28083816 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
When BDNF binds to its receptors, TrkB and p75NTR, the BDNF-receptor complex is endocytosed and trafficked to the cell body for downstream signal transduction, which plays a critical role in neuronal functions. Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is involved in trafficking of vesicles intracellularly and also interacts with several membrane proteins including TrkB. Although it has been known that HAP1 has functions in vesicular trafficking and receptor stabilisation, it is not yet established whether HAP1 has a role in BDNF and its receptor endocytosis. In the present study, we found that HAP1 is in an interacting complex with p75NTR, TrkB and BDNF, especially newly endocytosed BDNF. BDNF and TrkB internalisation is abolished in HAP1 knock-out (KO) cortical neurons. TrkB downstream signalling pathways such as ERK, Akt and PLCγ-1 are also impaired in HAP1 KO cortical neurons upon BDNF stimulation. Proliferation of cerebellar granule cells is also impaired in cell culture and cerebellum of HAP1 KO mice. Our findings suggest that HAP1 may play a key role in BDNF and its receptor endocytosis and may promote neuronal survival and proliferation.
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Villarin JM, McCurdy EP, Martínez JC, Hengst U. Local synthesis of dynein cofactors matches retrograde transport to acutely changing demands. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13865. [PMID: 28000671 PMCID: PMC5187584 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein mediates retrograde transport in axons, but it is unknown how its transport characteristics are regulated to meet acutely changing demands. We find that stimulus-induced retrograde transport of different cargos requires the local synthesis of different dynein cofactors. Nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced transport of large vesicles requires local synthesis of Lis1, while smaller signalling endosomes require both Lis1 and p150Glued. Lis1 synthesis is also triggered by NGF withdrawal and required for the transport of a death signal. Association of Lis1 transcripts with the microtubule plus-end tracking protein APC is required for their translation in response to NGF stimulation but not for their axonal recruitment and translation upon NGF withdrawal. These studies reveal a critical role for local synthesis of dynein cofactors for the transport of specific cargos and identify association with RNA-binding proteins as a mechanism to establish functionally distinct pools of a single transcript species in axons.
The molecular mechanisms underlying retrograde transport in axons are only partially understood. Villarin et al. show that in cultured DRG neurons, extracellular trophic cues such as NGF dynamically regulate local protein synthesis of dynein cofactors, thus controlling retrograde trafficking in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Villarin
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Ethan P McCurdy
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Studies, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - José C Martínez
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Ulrich Hengst
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Brahimi F, Maira M, Barcelona PF, Galan A, Aboulkassim T, Teske K, Rogers ML, Bertram L, Wang J, Yousefi M, Rush R, Fabian M, Cashman N, Saragovi HU. The Paradoxical Signals of Two TrkC Receptor Isoforms Supports a Rationale for Novel Therapeutic Strategies in ALS. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162307. [PMID: 27695040 PMCID: PMC5047590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Full length TrkC (TrkC-FL) is a receptor tyrosine kinase whose mRNA can be spliced to a truncated TrkC.T1 isoform lacking the kinase domain. Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) activates TrkC-FL to maintain motor neuron health and function and TrkC.T1 to produce neurotoxic TNF-α; hence resulting in opposing pathways. In mouse and human ALS spinal cord, the reduction of miR-128 that destabilizes TrkC.T1 mRNA results in up-regulated TrkC.T1 and TNF-α in astrocytes. We exploited conformational differences to develop an agonistic mAb 2B7 that selectively activates TrkC-FL, to circumvent TrkC.T1 activation. In mouse ALS, 2B7 activates spinal cord TrkC-FL signals, improves spinal cord motor neuron phenotype and function, and significantly prolongs life-span. Our results elucidate biological paradoxes of receptor isoforms and their role in disease progression, validate the concept of selectively targeting conformational epitopes in naturally occurring isoforms, and may guide the development of pro-neuroprotective (TrkC-FL) and anti-neurotoxic (TrkC.T1) therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Brahimi
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mario Maira
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pablo F. Barcelona
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alba Galan
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tahar Aboulkassim
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Katrina Teske
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mary-Louise Rogers
- Flinders University, Department of Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lisa Bertram
- University of British Columbia. Brain Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jing Wang
- University of British Columbia. Brain Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Masoud Yousefi
- University of British Columbia. Brain Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert Rush
- Flinders University, Department of Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Marc Fabian
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry. McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Neil Cashman
- University of British Columbia. Brain Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - H. Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Flux of signalling endosomes undergoing axonal retrograde transport is encoded by presynaptic activity and TrkB. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12976. [PMID: 27687129 PMCID: PMC5427517 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal retrograde transport of signalling endosomes from the nerve terminal to the soma underpins survival. As each signalling endosome carries a quantal amount of activated receptors, we hypothesized that it is the frequency of endosomes reaching the soma that determines the scale of the trophic signal. Here we show that upregulating synaptic activity markedly increased the flux of plasma membrane-derived retrograde endosomes (labelled using cholera toxin subunit-B: CTB) in hippocampal neurons cultured in microfluidic devices, and live Drosophila larval motor neurons. Electron and super-resolution microscopy analyses revealed that the fast-moving sub-diffraction-limited CTB carriers contained the TrkB neurotrophin receptor, transiently activated by synaptic activity in a BDNF-independent manner. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of TrkB activation selectively prevented the coupling between synaptic activity and the retrograde flux of signalling endosomes. TrkB activity therefore controls the encoding of synaptic activity experienced by nerve terminals, digitalized as the flux of retrogradely transported signalling endosomes. Signalling endosomes are known to be essential for neuronal survival. Here the authors show that, in cultured hippocampal neurons and live Drosophila larval motor neurons, neuronal activity increases the retrograde flux of signalling endosomes, and this coupling depends on TrkB activation.
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Végh AMD, Duim SN, Smits AM, Poelmann RE, Ten Harkel ADJ, DeRuiter MC, Goumans MJ, Jongbloed MRM. Part and Parcel of the Cardiac Autonomic Nerve System: Unravelling Its Cellular Building Blocks during Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3:jcdd3030028. [PMID: 29367572 PMCID: PMC5715672 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (cANS) is essential for proper heart function, and complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias and even sudden cardiac death are associated with an altered cANS function. A changed innervation state may underlie (part of) the atrial and ventricular arrhythmias observed after myocardial infarction. In other cardiac diseases, such as congenital heart disease, autonomic dysfunction may be related to disease outcome. This is also the case after heart transplantation, when the heart is denervated. Interest in the origin of the autonomic nerve system has renewed since the role of autonomic function in disease progression was recognized, and some plasticity in autonomic regeneration is evident. As with many pathological processes, autonomic dysfunction based on pathological innervation may be a partial recapitulation of the early development of innervation. As such, insight into the development of cardiac innervation and an understanding of the cellular background contributing to cardiac innervation during different phases of development is required. This review describes the development of the cANS and focuses on the cellular contributions, either directly by delivering cells or indirectly by secretion of necessary factors or cell-derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M D Végh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sjoerd N Duim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Anke M Smits
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert E Poelmann
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 20, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Arend D J Ten Harkel
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco C DeRuiter
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marie José Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Ito K, Enomoto H. Retrograde transport of neurotrophic factor signaling: implications in neuronal development and pathogenesis. J Biochem 2016; 160:77-85. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Gonzalez A, Moya-Alvarado G, Gonzalez-Billaut C, Bronfman FC. Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating neuronal growth by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:612-628. [PMID: 27223597 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptors TrkB and p75 regulate dendritic and axonal growth during development and maintenance of the mature nervous system; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. In recent years, several advances have shed new light on the processes behind the regulation of BDNF-mediated structural plasticity including control of neuronal transcription, local translation of proteins, and regulation of cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the field of BDNF signaling in neurons to induce neuronal growth. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Gonzalez
- MINREB and Center for Ageing and Regeneration (CARE UC), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Moya-Alvarado
- MINREB and Center for Ageing and Regeneration (CARE UC), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billaut
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile and Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca C Bronfman
- MINREB and Center for Ageing and Regeneration (CARE UC), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Tanaka Y, Niwa S, Dong M, Farkhondeh A, Wang L, Zhou R, Hirokawa N. The Molecular Motor KIF1A Transports the TrkA Neurotrophin Receptor and Is Essential for Sensory Neuron Survival and Function. Neuron 2016; 90:1215-1229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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O'Keeffe GW, Gutierrez H, Howard L, Laurie CW, Osorio C, Gavaldà N, Wyatt SL, Davies AM. Region-specific role of growth differentiation factor-5 in the establishment of sympathetic innervation. Neural Dev 2016; 11:4. [PMID: 26878848 PMCID: PMC4755026 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-016-0060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the prototypical target-derived neurotrophic factor required for sympathetic neuron survival and for the growth and ramification of sympathetic axons within most but not all sympathetic targets. This implies the operation of additional target-derived factors for regulating terminal sympathetic axon growth and branching. RESULTS Here report that growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), a widely expressed member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily required for limb development, promoted axon growth from mouse superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons independently of NGF and enhanced axon growth in combination with NGF. GDF5 had no effect on neuronal survival and influenced axon growth during a narrow window of postnatal development when sympathetic axons are ramifying extensively in their targets in vivo. SCG neurons expressed all receptors capable of participating in GDF5 signaling at this stage of development. Using compartment cultures, we demonstrated that GDF5 exerted its growth promoting effect by acting directly on axons and by initiating retrograde canonical Smad signalling to the nucleus. GDF5 is synthesized in sympathetic targets, and examination of several anatomically circumscribed tissues in Gdf5 null mice revealed regional deficits in sympathetic innervation. There was a marked, highly significant reduction in the sympathetic innervation density of the iris, a smaller though significant reduction in the trachea, but no reduction in the submandibular salivary gland. There was no reduction in the number of neurons in the SCG. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that GDF5 is a novel target-derived factor that promotes sympathetic axon growth and branching and makes a distinctive regional contribution to the establishment of sympathetic innervation, but unlike NGF, plays no role in regulating sympathetic neuron survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard W O'Keeffe
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
- Dept. Anatomy/Neuroscience and Biosciences Institute, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Humberto Gutierrez
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
- Current address, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Laura Howard
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - Catarina Osorio
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
- Current address, MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, New Hunt's House, 4th Floor, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Núria Gavaldà
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
- Current address, SOM Innovation Biotech SL, c/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sean L Wyatt
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Alun M Davies
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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Bouilloux F, Thireau J, Ventéo S, Farah C, Karam S, Dauvilliers Y, Valmier J, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Richard S, Marmigère F. Loss of the transcription factor Meis1 prevents sympathetic neurons target-field innervation and increases susceptibility to sudden cardiac death. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26857994 PMCID: PMC4760953 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cardio-vascular incidents and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are among the leading causes of premature death in the general population, the origins remain unidentified in many cases. Genome-wide association studies have identified Meis1 as a risk factor for SCD. We report that Meis1 inactivation in the mouse neural crest leads to an altered sympatho-vagal regulation of cardiac rhythmicity in adults characterized by a chronotropic incompetence and cardiac conduction defects, thus increasing the susceptibility to SCD. We demonstrated that Meis1 is a major regulator of sympathetic target-field innervation and that Meis1 deficient sympathetic neurons die by apoptosis from early embryonic stages to perinatal stages. In addition, we showed that Meis1 regulates the transcription of key molecules necessary for the endosomal machinery. Accordingly, the traffic of Rab5+ endosomes is severely altered in Meis1-inactivated sympathetic neurons. These results suggest that Meis1 interacts with various trophic factors signaling pathways during postmitotic neurons differentiation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11627.001 Nerve cells called sympathetic neurons can control the activity of almost all of our organs without any conscious thought on our part. For example, these nerve cells are responsible for accelerating the heart rate during exercise. In a developing embryo, there are initially more of these neurons than are needed, and only those that develop correctly and form a connection with a target cell will survive. This is because the target cells provide the growing neurons with vital molecules called neurotrophins, which are trafficked back along the nerve fiber and into the main body of the nerve cell to ensure its survival. However, it is largely unknown which proteins or genes are also involved in this developmental process. Now, Bouilloux, Thireau et al. show that if a gene called Meis1 is inactivated in mice, the sympathetic neurons start to develop and grow nerve fibers, but then fail to establish connections with their target cells and finally die. The Meis1 gene encodes a transcription factor, which is a protein that regulates gene activity. Therefore, Bouilloux, Thireau et al. looked for the genes that are regulated by this transcription factor in sympathetic neurons. This search uncovered several genes that are involved in the packaging and trafficking of molecules within cells. Other experiments then revealed that the trafficking of molecules back along the nerve fiber was altered in mutant neurons in which the Meis1 gene had been inactivated. Furthermore, Meis1 mutant mice had problems with their heart rate, especially during exercise, and an increased risk of dying from a sudden cardiac arrest. These findings reveal a transcription factor that helps to establish a connection between a neuron and its target, and that activates a pattern of gene expression that works alongside the neurotrophin-based signals. Since all neurons undergo similar processes during development, future work could ask if comparable patterns of gene expression exist in other types of neurons, and if problems with such processes contribute to some neurodegenerative diseases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11627.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Bouilloux
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Thireau
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Ventéo
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Farah
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah Karam
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Valmier
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Neal G Copeland
- Cancer Research Program, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, United States
| | - Nancy A Jenkins
- Cancer Research Program, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, United States
| | - Sylvain Richard
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Marmigère
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France
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Tourtellotte WG. Axon Transport and Neuropathy: Relevant Perspectives on the Etiopathogenesis of Familial Dysautonomia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 186:489-99. [PMID: 26724390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies are highly prevalent and are most often associated with chronic disease, side effects from chemotherapy, or toxic-metabolic abnormalities. Neuropathies are less commonly caused by genetic mutations, but studies of the normal function of mutated proteins have identified particular vulnerabilities that often implicate mitochondrial dynamics and axon transport mechanisms. Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies are a group of phenotypically related diseases caused by monogenic mutations that primarily affect sympathetic and sensory neurons. Here, I review evidence to indicate that many genetic neuropathies are caused by abnormalities in axon transport. Moreover, in hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies. There may be specific convergence on gene mutations that disrupt nerve growth factor signaling, upon which sympathetic and sensory neurons critically depend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren G Tourtellotte
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, and the Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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42
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Patel A, Yamashita N, Ascaño M, Bodmer D, Boehm E, Bodkin-Clarke C, Ryu YK, Kuruvilla R. RCAN1 links impaired neurotrophin trafficking to aberrant development of the sympathetic nervous system in Down syndrome. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10119. [PMID: 26658127 PMCID: PMC4682116 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder affecting the nervous system in humans. To date, investigations of neural anomalies in Down syndrome have focused on the central nervous system, although dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system is a common manifestation. The molecular and cellular bases underlying peripheral abnormalities have remained undefined. Here, we report the developmental loss of sympathetic innervation in human Down syndrome organs and in a mouse model. We show that excess regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1), an endogenous inhibitor of the calcineurin phosphatase that is triplicated in Down syndrome, impairs neurotrophic support of sympathetic neurons by inhibiting endocytosis of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor, TrkA. Genetically correcting RCAN1 levels in Down syndrome mice markedly improves NGF-dependent receptor trafficking, neuronal survival and innervation. These results uncover a critical link between calcineurin signalling, impaired neurotrophin trafficking and neurodevelopmental deficits in the peripheral nervous system in Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles Street, 224 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Naoya Yamashita
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles Street, 224 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Maria Ascaño
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles Street, 224 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Daniel Bodmer
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles Street, 224 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Erica Boehm
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles Street, 224 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Chantal Bodkin-Clarke
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles Street, 224 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Yun Kyoung Ryu
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles Street, 224 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Rejji Kuruvilla
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400N. Charles Street, 224 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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43
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Wang B, Pan L, Wei M, Wang Q, Liu WW, Wang N, Jiang XY, Zhang X, Bao L. FMRP-Mediated Axonal Delivery of miR-181d Regulates Axon Elongation by Locally Targeting Map1b and Calm1. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2794-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Stough S, Kopec AM, Carew TJ. Synaptic generation of an intracellular retrograde signal requires activation of the tyrosine kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades in Aplysia. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 125:47-54. [PMID: 26238564 PMCID: PMC4648669 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular changes underlying memory formation can be generated in an activity-dependent manner at specific synapses. Thus an important question concerns the mechanisms by which synaptic signals communicate with the cell body to mediate these cellular changes. A monosynaptic circuit that is enhanced by sensitization in Aplysia is well-suited to study this question because three different subcellular compartments: (i) the sensorimotor SN-MN synapses, (ii) the SN projections to MNs via axonal connections, (iii) the SN cell bodies, can all be manipulated and studied independently. Here, we report that activity-dependent (AD) training in either the entire SN-MN circuit or in only the synaptic compartment, activates MAPK in a temporally and spatially specific pattern. Specifically, we find (i) MAPK activation is first transiently generated at SN-MN synapses during training, (ii) immediately after training MAPK is transiently activated in SN-MN axonal connections and persistently activated in SN cell bodies, and finally, (iii) MAPK is activated in SN cell bodies and SN-MN synapses 1h after training. These data suggest that there is an intracellularly transported retrograde signal generated at the synapse which is later responsible for delayed MAPK activation at SN somata. Finally, we find that this retrograde signal requires activation of tyrosine kinase (TK) and MEK signaling cascades at the synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shara Stough
- Department of Psychology, Augustana College, Rock Island, IL, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Augustana College, Rock Island, IL, United States
| | - Ashley M Kopec
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, NY, United States
| | - Thomas J Carew
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, NY, United States.
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45
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Li YC, Chen SJ, Chien CL. Erythropoietin produced by genetic-modified NIH/3T3 fibroblasts enhances the survival of degenerating neurons. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00356. [PMID: 26357589 PMCID: PMC4559019 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythropoietin (EPO) has potent neuroprotective effects. The short-term delivery of high-dose EPO seemed to improve patients' neuromuscular functions; however, excessive EPO resulted in systematically high hematocrit and thrombotic risk. In our study, we established a cellular material for future in vivo studies of neurodegenerative diseases based on EPO provided regionally at a nontoxic level. METHODS A mouse EPO cDNA was subcloned into the pCMS-EGFP vector and transfected into NIH/3T3 fibroblasts to design a biological provider that can regionally release EPO for the treatment of neurological diseases. After G418 selection, a stable EPO-overexpressing cell line, EPO-3T3-EGFP, was established. To further confirm the neuroprotective abilities of secreted EPO from EPO-3T3-EGFP cells, a cell model of neurodegeneration, PC12-INT-EGFP, was applied. RESULTS The expression level of EPO was highly elevated in EPO-3T3-EGFP cells, and an abundant amount of EPO secreted from EPO-3T3-EGFP cells was detected in the extracellular milieu. After supplementation with conditioned medium prepared from EPO-3T3-EGFP cells, the survival rate of PC12-INT-EGFP cells was significantly enhanced. Surprisingly, a fraction of aggregated cytoskeletal EGFP-tagged α-internexin in PC12-INT-EGFP cells was disaggregated and transported into neurites dynamically. The immunocytochemical distribution of IF proteins, including NF-M, phosphorylated-NF-M, and the α-INT-EGFP fusion protein, were less aggregated in the perikaryal region and transported into neurites after the EPO treatment. CONCLUSION The established EPO-overexpressing NIH/3T3 cell line, EPO-3T3-EGFP, may provide a material for future studies of cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases via the secretion of EPO on a short-term, high-dose, regional basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Jau Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Liang Chien
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
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46
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Yang P, Qin Y, Bian C, Zhao Y, Zhang W. Intrathecal delivery of IL-6 reactivates the intrinsic growth capacity of pyramidal cells in the sensorimotor cortex after spinal cord injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127772. [PMID: 25992975 PMCID: PMC4437647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated the growth-promoting effect of intrathecal delivery of recombinant rat IL-6 immediately after corticospinal tract (CST) injury. Our present study aims to further clarify whether intrathecal delivery of IL-6 after CST injury could reactivate the intrinsic growth capacity of pyramidal cells in the sensorimotor cortex which project long axons to the spinal cord. We examined, by ELISA, levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), adenylyl cyclase (AC, which synthesizes cAMP), phosphodiesterases (PDE, which degrades cAMP), and, by RT-PCR, the expression of regeneration-associated genes in the rat sensorimotor cortex after intrathecal delivery of IL-6 for 7 days, started immediately after CST injury. Furthermore, we injected retrograde neuronal tracer Fluorogold (FG) to the spinal cord to label pyramidal cells in the sensorimotor cortex, layers V and VI, combined with βIII-tubulin immunostaining, then we analyzed by immunohistochemisty and western blot the expression of the co-receptor gp-130 of IL-6 family, and pSTAT3 and mTOR, downstream IL-6/JAK/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways respectively. We showed that intrathecal delivery of IL-6 elevated cAMP level and upregulated the expression of regeneration-associated genes including GAP-43, SPRR1A, CAP-23 and JUN-B, and the expression of pSTAT3 and mTOR in pyramidal cells of the sensorimotor cortex. In contrast, AG490, an inhibitor of JAK, partially blocked these effects of IL-6. All these results indicate that intrathecal delivery of IL-6 immediately after spinal cord injury can reactivate the intrinsic growth capacity of pyramidal cells in the sensorimotor cortex and these effects of IL-6 were partially JAK/STAT3-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yu Qin
- Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R China
| | - Chen Bian
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R China
| | - Yandong Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R China
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47
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NGF in Early Embryogenesis, Differentiation, and Pathology in the Nervous and Immune Systems. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2015; 29:125-152. [PMID: 26695167 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2015_420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The physiology of NGF is extremely complex, and although the study of this neurotrophin began more than 60 years ago, it is far from being concluded. NGF, its precursor molecule pro-NGF, and their different receptor systems (i.e., TrkA, p75NTR, and sortilin) have key roles in the development and adult physiology of both the nervous and immune systems. Although the NGF receptor system and the pathways activated are similar for all types of cells sensitive to NGF, the effects exerted during embryonic differentiation and in committed mature cells are strikingly different and sometimes opposite. Bearing in mind the pleiotropic effects of NGF, alterations in its expression and synthesis, as well as variations in the types of receptor available and in their respective levels of expression, may have profound effects and play multiple roles in the development and progression of several diseases. In recent years, the use of NGF or of inhibitors of its receptors has been prospected as a therapeutic tool in a variety of neurological diseases and injuries. In this review, we outline the different roles played by the NGF system in various moments of nervous and immune system differentiation and physiology, from embryonic development to aging. The data collected over the past decades indicate that NGF activities are highly integrated among systems and are necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis. Further, more integrated and multidisciplinary studies should take into consideration these multiple and interactive aspects of NGF physiology in order to design new therapeutic strategies based on the manipulation of NGF and its intracellular pathways.
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48
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Marlin MC, Li G. Biogenesis and function of the NGF/TrkA signaling endosome. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 314:239-57. [PMID: 25619719 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Target-derived neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor TrkA are well known for retrograde signaling to promote survival and innervation of sympathetic and sensory neurons. In recent years, the signaling endosome model has been used to describe the sustained NGF/TrkA retrograde signaling as a process of endocytosis and retrograde transport of NGF/TrkA-containing endosomes from the axon terminal to the cell body for activation of NGF-inducible gene expression responsible for neuronal survival and development. Here, we review the biogenesis and function of NGF, TrkA, and the signaling endosome and discuss possible roles of Rab GTPases in the biogenesis and trafficking of signaling endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caleb Marlin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Guangpu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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49
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Leal G, Afonso PM, Salazar IL, Duarte CB. Regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by BDNF. Brain Res 2014; 1621:82-101. [PMID: 25451089 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a major regulator of activity-dependent plasticity at excitatory synapses in the mammalian central nervous system. In particular, much attention has been given to the role of the neurotrophin in the regulation of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a sustained enhancement of excitatory synaptic strength believed to underlie learning and memory processes. In this review we summarize the evidence pointing to a role for BDNF in generating functional and structural changes at synapses required for both early- and late phases of LTP in the hippocampus. The available information regarding the pre- and/or postsynaptic release of BDNF and action of the neurotrophin during LTP will be also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the effects of BDNF on the synaptic proteome, either by acting on the protein synthesis machinery and/or by regulating protein degradation by calpains and possibly by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). This fine-tuned control of the synaptic proteome rather than a simple upregulation of the protein synthesis may play a key role in BDNF-mediated synaptic potentiation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Brain and Memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciano Leal
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Afonso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan L Salazar
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB) and Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
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50
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Liu X, Obianyo O, Chan CB, Huang J, Xue S, Yang JJ, Zeng F, Goodman M, Ye K. Biochemical and biophysical investigation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor mimetic 7,8-dihydroxyflavone in the binding and activation of the TrkB receptor. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27571-84. [PMID: 25143381 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.562561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a newly identified small molecular TrkB receptor agonist, rapidly activates TrkB in both primary neurons and the rodent brain and mimics the physiological functions of the cognate ligand BDNF. Accumulating evidence supports that 7,8-DHF exerts neurotrophic effects in a TrkB-dependent manner. Nonetheless, the differences between 7,8-DHF and BDNF in activating TrkB remain incompletely understood. Here we show that 7,8-DHF and BDNF exhibit different TrkB activation kinetics in which TrkB maturation may be implicated. Employing two independent biophysical approaches, we confirm that 7,8-DHF interacts robustly with the TrkB extracellular domain, with a Kd of ∼10 nm. Although BDNF transiently activates TrkB, leading to receptor internalization and ubiquitination/degradation, in contrast, 7,8-DHF-triggered TrkB phosphorylation lasts for hours, and the internalized receptors are not degraded. Notably, primary neuronal maturation may be required for 7,8-DHF but not for BDNF to elicit the full spectrum of TrkB signaling cascades. Hence, 7,8-DHF interacts robustly with the TrkB receptor, and its agonistic effect may be mediated by neuronal development and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | | | - Chi Bun Chan
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Junjian Huang
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Shenghui Xue
- the Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (CDT), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
| | - Jenny J Yang
- the Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (CDT), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
| | - Fanxing Zeng
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Psychiatry, and Hematology and Oncology, Center for Systems Imaging, Wesley Woods Health Centers, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 and
| | - Mark Goodman
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Psychiatry, and Hematology and Oncology, Center for Systems Imaging, Wesley Woods Health Centers, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 and
| | - Keqiang Ye
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
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