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Tharp KM, Kang MS, Timblin GA, Dempersmier J, Dempsey GE, Zushin PJH, Benavides J, Choi C, Li CX, Jha AK, Kajimura S, Healy KE, Sul HS, Saijo K, Kumar S, Stahl A. Actomyosin-Mediated Tension Orchestrates Uncoupled Respiration in Adipose Tissues. Cell Metab 2018; 27:602-615.e4. [PMID: 29514068 PMCID: PMC5897043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The activation of brown/beige adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism and the induction of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression are essential for BAT-based strategies to improve metabolic homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that BAT utilizes actomyosin machinery to generate tensional responses following adrenergic stimulation, similar to muscle tissues. The activation of actomyosin mechanics is critical for the acute induction of oxidative metabolism and uncoupled respiration in UCP1+ adipocytes. Moreover, we show that actomyosin-mediated elasticity regulates the thermogenic capacity of adipocytes via the mechanosensitive transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ, which are indispensable for normal BAT function. These biomechanical signaling mechanisms may inform future strategies to promote the expansion and activation of brown/beige adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Tharp
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael S Kang
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Greg A Timblin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jon Dempersmier
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Garret E Dempsey
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter-James H Zushin
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jaime Benavides
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Catherine Choi
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Catherine X Li
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Amit K Jha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kevin E Healy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kaoru Saijo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Kida R, Yoshida H, Murakami M, Shirai M, Hashimoto O, Kawada T, Matsui T, Funaba M. Direct action of capsaicin in brown adipogenesis and activation of brown adipocytes. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:34-41. [PMID: 26781688 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ingestion of capsaicin, the principle pungent component of red and chili peppers, induces thermogenesis, in part, through the activation of brown adipocytes expressing genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and uncoupling such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (Ppar) γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α) and uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1). Capsaicin has been suggested to induce the activation of brown adipocytes, which is mediated by the stimulation of sympathetic nerves. However, capsaicin may directly affect the differentiation of brown preadipocytes, brown adipocyte function, or both, through its significant absorption. We herein demonstrated that Trpv1, a capsaicin receptor, is expressed in brown adipose tissue, and that its expression level is increased during the differentiation of HB2 brown preadipocytes. Furthermore, capsaicin induced calcium influx in brown preadipocytes. A treatment with capsaicin in the early stage of brown adipogenesis did not affect lipid accumulation or the expression levels of Fabp4 (a gene expressed in mature adipocytes), Pparγ2 (a master regulator of adipogenesis) or brown adipocyte-selective genes. In contrast, a treatment with capsaicin in the late stage of brown adipogenesis slightly increased the expression levels of Fabp4, Pparγ2 and Pgc-1α. Although capsaicin did not affect the basal expression level of Ucp1, Ucp1 induction by forskolin was partially inhibited by capsaicin, irrespective of the dose of capsaicin. The results of the present study suggest the direct effects of capsaicin on brown adipocytes or in the late stage of brown adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kida
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshida
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Mitsuyuki Shirai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Osamu Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, Japan
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Nakagaki I, Sasaki S, Yahata T, Takasaki H, Hori S. Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels in brown adipocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 183:89-97. [PMID: 15654922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-201x.2004.01367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM We elucidated the mitochondrial functions of brown adipocytes in intracellular signalling, paying attention to mitochondrial activity and noradrenaline- and forskolin-induced Ca(2+) mobilizations in cold-acclimated rats. METHODS A confocal laser-scanning microscope of brown adipocytes from warm- or cold-acclimated rats was employed using probes rhodamine 123 which is a mitochondria-specific cationic dye, and the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca(2+) probes fluo-3 and rhod-2. X-ray microanalysis was also studied. RESULTS The signal of rhodamine 123 in the cells was decreased by antimycin A which effect was less in cold-acclimated cells than warm-acclimated cells. Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca(2+) in cold-acclimated brown adipocytes double-loaded with fluo-3 and rhod-2 were measured. Noradrenaline induced the rise in cytoplasmic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](cyto)) followed by mitochondrial Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](mito)), the effect being transformed into an increase in [Ca(2+)](cyto) whereas a decrease in [Ca(2+)](mito) by antimycin A or carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Antimycin A induced small Ca(2+) release from mitochondria. CCCP induced Ca(2+) release from mitochondria only after the cells were stimulated with noradrenaline. Further, forskolin also elicited an elevation in [Ca(2+)](cyto) followed by [Ca(2+)](mito) in the cells. The Ca measured by X-ray microanalysis was higher both in the cytoplasm and mitochondria whereas K was higher in the mitochondria of cold-acclimated cells in comparison to warm-acclimated cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that noradrenaline and forskolin evoked an elevation in [Ca(2+)](cyto) followed by [Ca(2+)](mito), in which H(+) gradient across the inner membrane is responsible for the accumulation of calcium on mitochondria. Moreover, cAMP also plays a role in intracellular and mitochondrial Ca(2+) signalling in cold-acclimated brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nakagaki
- Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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