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Kang MS, Yu-Chin C. Concurrent expectation and experience-based metacontrol: EEG insights and the role of working memory capacity. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2024:10.3758/s13415-024-01163-2. [PMID: 38291309 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the simultaneous influence of expectation and experience on metacontrol, which we define as the instantiation of context-specific control states. These states could entail heightened control states in preparation for frequent task switching or lowered control states for task repetition. Specifically, we examined whether "expectations" regarding future control demands prompt proactive metacontrol, while "experiences" with items associated with specific control demands facilitate reactive metacontrol. In Experiment 1, we utilized EEG with a high temporal resolution to differentiate between brain activities associated with proactive and reactive metacontrol. We successfully observed cue-locked and image-locked ERP patterns associated with proactive and reactive metacontrol, respectively, supporting concurrent instantiation of two metacontrol modes. In Experiment 2, we focused on individual differences to investigate the modulatory role of working memory capacity (WMC) in the concurrent instantiation of two metacontrol modes. Our findings revealed that individuals with higher WMC exhibited enhanced proactive metacontrol, indicated by smaller response time variability (RTV). Additionally, individuals with higher WMC showed a lower tendency to rely on reactive metacontrol, indicated by a smaller item-specific switch probability (ISSP) effect. In conclusion, our results suggest that proactive and reactive metacontrol can coexist, but their interplay is influenced by individuals' WMC. Higher WMC promotes the use of proactive metacontrol while attenuating reliance on reactive metacontrol. This study provides insights into the interplay between proactive and reactive metacontrol and highlights the impact of WMC on their concurrent instantiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - C Yu-Chin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Morris WZ, Kak A, Mayfield LM, Kang MS, Jo CH, Kim HKW. Does brace treatment following closed reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip improve acetabular coverage? Bone Joint J 2023; 105-B:1327-1332. [PMID: 38035597 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.105b12.bjj-2023-0255.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Aims Abduction bracing is commonly used to treat developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) following closed reduction and spica casting, with little evidence to support or refute this practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of abduction bracing after closed reduction in improving acetabular index (AI) and reducing secondary surgery for residual hip dysplasia. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients treated with closed reduction for DDH at a single tertiary referral centre. Demographic data were obtained including severity of dislocation based on the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) classification, age at reduction, and casting duration. Patients were prescribed no abduction bracing, part-time, or full-time wear post-reduction and casting. AI measurements were obtained immediately upon cast removal and from two- and four-year follow-up radiographs. Results A total of 243 hips underwent closed reduction and 82% (199/243) were treated with abduction bracing. There was no difference between those treated with or without bracing with regard to sex, age at reduction, severity of dislocation, spica duration, or immediate post-casting AI (all p > 0.05). There was no difference in hips treated with or without abduction brace with regard to AI at two years post-reduction (32.4° (SD 5.3°) vs 30.9° (SD 4.6°), respectively; p = 0.099) or at four years post-reduction (26.4° (SD 5.2°) vs 25.4° (SD 5.1°), respectively; p = 0.231). Multivariate analysis revealed only IHDI grade predicted AI at two years post-reduction (p = 0.004). There was no difference in overall rate of secondary surgery for residual dysplasia between hips treated with or without bracing (32% vs 39%, respectively; p = 0.372). However, there was an increased risk of early secondary surgery (< two years post-reduction) in the non-braced group (11.4% vs 2.5%; p = 0.019). Conclusion Abduction bracing following closed reduction for DDH treatment is not associated with decreased residual dysplasia at two or four years post-reduction but may reduce rates of early secondary surgery. A prospective study is indicated to provide more definitive recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Z Morris
- Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Arnav Kak
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Michael S Kang
- Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan-Hee Jo
- Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Harry K W Kim
- Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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3
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Hoost SS, Brickman AM, Manly JJ, Honig LS, Gu Y, Sanchez D, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Lantigua RA, Kang MS, Dage JL, Mayeux R. Effects of Vascular Risk Factors on the Association of Blood-Based Biomarkers with Alzheimer's Disease. Med Res Arch 2023; 11:10.18103/mra.v11i9.4468. [PMID: 38037598 PMCID: PMC10688358 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i9.4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Comorbidities may influence the levels of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated whether differences in risk factors or comorbid conditions might explain the discordance between clinical diagnosis and biomarker classifications in a multi-ethnic cohort of elderly individuals. Aims To evaluate the relationship of medical conditions and other characteristics, including body mass index (BMI), vascular risk factors, and head injury, with cognitive impairment and blood-based biomarkers of AD, phosphorylated tau (P-tau 181, P-tau 217), in a multi-ethnic cohort. Methods Three-hundred individuals, aged 65 and older, were selected from a prospective community-based cohort for equal representation among three racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic White, Hispanic/Latino and African American/Black. Participants were classified into four groups based on absence (Asym) or presence (Sym) of cognitive impairment and low (NEG) or high (POS) P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 levels, determined previously in the same cohort: (Asym/NEG, Asym/POS, Sym/NEG, Sym/POS). We examined differences in individual characteristics across the four groups. We performed post-hoc analysis examining the differences across biomarker and cognitive status. Results P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 positive individuals had lower BMI than P-tau negative participants, regardless of symptom status. Symptomatic and asymptomatic participants did not differ in terms of BMI. BMI was not a mediator of the effect of P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 on dementia. Frequencies of other risk factors did not differ between the four groups of individuals. Conclusions Participants with higher levels of P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 consistent with AD had lower BMI regardless of whether the individual was symptomatic. These findings suggest that weight loss may change with AD biomarker levels before onset of cognitive decline. They do not support BMI as a confounding variable. Further longitudinal studies could explore the relationship of risk factors with clinical diagnoses and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- SS Hoost
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - AM Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - JJ Manly
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - LS Honig
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Y Gu
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - D Sanchez
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - D Reyes-Dumeyer
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - RA Lantigua
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - MS Kang
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - JL Dage
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - R Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
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Son IS, Han SY, Chung HJ, Hong JE, Kang MS. Unstable Non-isthmic Spondylolisthesis Following Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy Assisted Unilateral Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression: A Case Report. Malays Orthop J 2021; 15:147-151. [PMID: 34966512 PMCID: PMC8667255 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2111.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumbar decompressive laminectomy is a standard treatment for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, but in some cases, can lead to iatrogenic spondylolysis and delayed segmental instability. Iatrogenic spondylolysis occurs in most cases in pars interarticularis, but rare cases have also been reported, pediculolysis in pedicle and laminolysis in lamina. Minimally invasive spine surgery (MIS) is known to have a low risk of developing these iatrogenic spondylolyses, and unilateral biportal endoscopy is the MIS that has been drawing attention. We present a case of a 72-year-old female who was diagnosed with L4-5 unstable non-isthmic spondylolisthesis and severe right central disc extrusion 10 weeks after UBE assisted unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (ULBD) at the consecutive segments of L3-4 and L4-5. Pre-operative imaging studies revealed severe central stenosis without spondylolisthesis at L3-L4 and L4-L5 along with L4-L5 facet tropism. She was managed by anterior lumbar interbody fusion and cement augmented pedicle screw fixation, which resulted in the complete resolution of her clinical and neurologic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Son
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeju National University College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - S Y Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei Knee Spine Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H J Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bumin Hospital Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J E Hong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeju National University College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - M S Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bumin Hospital Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
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Jeong J, Kang MS, Jeong OM, Lee HJ, Lee JY, Kwon YK, Park JW, Kim JH. Investigation of Genetic Diversity of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Diseased Poultry in Korea. Braz J Poult Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Jeong
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Republic of Korea
| | - MS Kang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Republic of Korea
| | - OM Jeong
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Republic of Korea
| | - HJ Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Republic of Korea
| | - JY Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Republic of Korea
| | - YK Kwon
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Republic of Korea
| | - JW Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Republic of Korea
| | - JH Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Republic of Korea
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Cutler NS, Srinivasan S, Aaron BL, Anand SK, Kang MS, Altshuler DB, Schermerhorn TC, Hollon TC, Maher CO, Khalsa SSS. Normal cerebral ventricular volume growth in childhood. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2020; 26:517-524. [PMID: 32823266 DOI: 10.3171/2020.5.peds20178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Normal percentile growth charts for head circumference, length, and weight are well-established tools for clinicians to detect abnormal growth patterns. Currently, no standard exists for evaluating normal size or growth of cerebral ventricular volume. The current standard practice relies on clinical experience for a subjective assessment of cerebral ventricular size to determine whether a patient is outside the normal volume range. An improved definition of normal ventricular volumes would facilitate a more data-driven diagnostic process. The authors sought to develop a growth curve of cerebral ventricular volumes using a large number of normal pediatric brain MR images. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective analysis of patients aged 0 to 18 years, who were evaluated at their institution between 2009 and 2016 with brain MRI performed for headaches, convulsions, or head injury. Patients were excluded for diagnoses of hydrocephalus, congenital brain malformations, intracranial hemorrhage, meningitis, or intracranial mass lesions established at any time during a 3- to 10-year follow-up. The volume of the cerebral ventricles for each T2-weighted MRI sequence was calculated with a custom semiautomated segmentation program written in MATLAB. Normal percentile curves were calculated using the lambda-mu-sigma smoothing method. RESULTS Ventricular volume was calculated for 687 normal brain MR images obtained in 617 different patients. A chart with standardized growth curves was developed from this set of normal ventricular volumes representing the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles. The charted data were binned by age at scan date by 3-month intervals for ages 0-1 year, 6-month intervals for ages 1-3 years, and 12-month intervals for ages 3-18 years. Additional percentile values were calculated for boys only and girls only. CONCLUSIONS The authors developed centile estimation growth charts of normal 3D ventricular volumes measured on brain MRI for pediatric patients. These charts may serve as a quantitative clinical reference to help discern normal variance from pathologic ventriculomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael S Kang
- 3Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
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7
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Lee DK, Kang MS, Cho H. MRI size assessment of cerebral microvasculature using diffusion-time-dependent stimulated-echo acquisition: A feasibility study in rodent. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116784. [PMID: 32276059 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a stimulated-echo (STE) method was employed to robustify the cerebral vessel size estimation near air-tissue, bone-tissue interfaces, and large vessels. The proposed solution is to replace the relaxation rate change from gradient-echo (GRE) with that from STE with long diffusion time after the injection of an intravascular contrast agent, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The corresponding diffusion length of STE is shorter than the length over which the unwanted macroscopic field inhomogeneities but is still longer than the correlation length of the fields induced by small vessels. Therefore, the unwanted field inhomogeneities are refocused, while preserving microscopic susceptibility contrast from cerebral vessels. The mean vessel diameter (dimensionless) derived from the diffusion-time-varying STE method was compared to the mean vessel diameter obtained by a conventional spin-echo (SE) and GRE combination based on Monte-Carlo proton diffusion simulations and in vivo rat experiments at 7 T. The in vivo mean vessel diameter from the MRI experiments was directly compared to available reference mouse brain vasculature obtained by a knife-edge scanning microscope (KESM), which is considered to be the gold standard. Monte-Carlo simulation revealed that SE and GRE-based MR relaxation rate changes (ΔR2 and ΔR2∗, respectively) can be enhanced using single STE-based MR relaxation rate change (ΔRSTE) by regulating diffusion time, especially for small vessels. The in vivo mean vessel diameter from the STE method demonstrated a closer agreement with that from the KESM compared to the combined SE and GRE method, especially in the olfactory bulb and cortex. This study demonstrates that STE relaxation rate changes can be used as consistent measures for assessing small cerebral microvasculature, where macroscopic field inhomogeneity is severe and signal contamination from adjacent large vessels is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - M S Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - H Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.
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Lim HY, Kim KN, Jun JH, Lee SW, Kang MS. Reporting of randomized controlled trials in International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia. Int J Obstet Anesth 2019; 41:114-115. [PMID: 31204097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Y Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K N Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - J H Jun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tharp KM, Kang MS, Timblin GA, Dempersmier J, Dempsey GE, Zushin PJH, Benavides J, Choi C, Li CX, Jha AK, Kajimura S, Healy KE, Sul HS, Saijo K, Kumar S, Stahl A. Actomyosin-Mediated Tension Orchestrates Uncoupled Respiration in Adipose Tissues. Cell Metab 2018; 27:602-615.e4. [PMID: 29514068 PMCID: PMC5897043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The activation of brown/beige adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism and the induction of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression are essential for BAT-based strategies to improve metabolic homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that BAT utilizes actomyosin machinery to generate tensional responses following adrenergic stimulation, similar to muscle tissues. The activation of actomyosin mechanics is critical for the acute induction of oxidative metabolism and uncoupled respiration in UCP1+ adipocytes. Moreover, we show that actomyosin-mediated elasticity regulates the thermogenic capacity of adipocytes via the mechanosensitive transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ, which are indispensable for normal BAT function. These biomechanical signaling mechanisms may inform future strategies to promote the expansion and activation of brown/beige adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Tharp
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael S Kang
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Greg A Timblin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jon Dempersmier
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Garret E Dempsey
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter-James H Zushin
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jaime Benavides
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Catherine Choi
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Catherine X Li
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Amit K Jha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kevin E Healy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kaoru Saijo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Kim KM, Han OJ, Kang MS, Huh JY. HLA-A*02:687, a novel allele identified by sequence-based typing in cord blood from a Korean woman. HLA 2017; 90:246-247. [PMID: 28686327 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A*02:687 showed one nucleotide difference with A*02:01:01:01 resulting in an amino acid change.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - O J Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - M S Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - J Y Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
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11
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Rammensee S, Kang MS, Georgiou K, Kumar S, Schaffer DV. Dynamics of Mechanosensitive Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. Stem Cells 2016; 35:497-506. [PMID: 27573749 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell differentiation can be highly sensitive to mechanical inputs from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Identifying temporal windows during which lineage commitment responds to ECM stiffness, and the signals that mediate these decisions, would advance both mechanistic insights and translational efforts. To address these questions, we investigate adult neural stem cell (NSC) fate commitment using an oligonucleotide-crosslinked ECM platform that for the first time offers dynamic and reversible control of stiffness. "Stiffness pulse" studies in which the ECM was transiently or permanently softened or stiffened at specified initiation times and durations pinpoint a 24-hour window in which ECM stiffness maximally impacts neurogenic commitment. Overexpression of the transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP) within this window suppressed neurogenesis, and silencing YAP enhanced it. Moreover, ablating YAP-β-catenin interaction rescued neurogenesis. This work reveals that ECM stiffness dictates NSC lineage commitment by signaling via a YAP and β-catenin interaction during a defined temporal window. Stem Cells 2017;35:497-506.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rammensee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, , USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michael S Kang
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Katerina Georgiou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, , USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,UC Berkeley - UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, , USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,UC Berkeley - UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Luque T, Kang MS, Schaffer DV, Kumar S. Microelastic mapping of the rat dentate gyrus. R Soc Open Sci 2016; 3:150702. [PMID: 27152213 PMCID: PMC4852636 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The lineage commitment of many cultured stem cells, including adult neural stem cells (NSCs), is strongly sensitive to the stiffness of the underlying extracellular matrix. However, it remains unclear how well the stiffness ranges explored in culture align with the microscale stiffness values stem cells actually encounter within their endogenous tissue niches. To address this question in the context of hippocampal NSCs, we used atomic force microscopy to spatially map the microscale elastic modulus (E) of specific anatomical substructures within living slices of rat dentate gyrus in which NSCs reside during lineage commitment in vivo. We measured depth-dependent apparent E-values at locations across the hilus (H), subgranular zone (SGZ) and granule cell layer (GCL) and found a two- to threefold increase in stiffness at 500 nm indentation from the H (49 ± 7 Pa) and SGZ (58 ± 8 Pa) to the GCL (115 ± 18 Pa), a fold change in stiffness we have previously found functionally relevant in culture. Additionally, E exhibits nonlinearity with depth, increasing significantly for indentations larger than 1 µm and most pronounced in the GCL. The methodological advances implemented for these measurements allow the quantification of the elastic properties of hippocampal NSC niche at unprecedented spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Luque
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael S. Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- UC Berkeley – UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David V. Schaffer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Authors for correspondence: David V. Schaffer e-mail:
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Authors for correspondence: Sanjay Kumar e-mail:
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13
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Liu L, Zhang YD, Li HY, Bi YQ, Yu LJ, Fan XM, Tan J, Jeffers DP, Kang MS. QTL Mapping for Gray Leaf Spot Resistance in a Tropical Maize Population. Plant Dis 2016; 100:304-312. [PMID: 30694127 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-14-0825-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A tropical gray leaf spot (GLS)-resistant line, YML 32, was crossed to a temperate GLS-susceptible line, Ye 478, to produce an F2:3 population for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to GLS. The population was evaluated for GLS disease resistance and flowering time at two locations in Yunnan province. Seven QTL using GLS disease scores and six QTL using flowering time were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 in the YML 32 × Ye 478 maize population. All QTL, except one identified on chromosome 2 using flowering time, were overlapped with the QTL for GLS disease scores. The results indicated that QTL for flowering time in this population strongly corresponded to QTL for GLS resistance. Among the QTL, qRgls.yaas-8-1/qFt.yaas-8 with the largest genetic effect accounted for 17.9 to 18.1 and 11.0 to 21.42% of variations for GLS disease scores and flowering time, respectively, and these should be very useful for improving resistance to GLS, especially in subtropical maize breeding programs. The QTL effects for resistance to GLS were predominantly additive in nature, with a dominance effect having been found for two QTL on the basis of joint segregation genetic analysis and QTL analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan TianRui Seed Company, Ltd., Kunming 650200, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Y D Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan TianRui Seed Company, Ltd., Kunming 650200, Yunnan Province, China
| | - H Y Li
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan TianRui Seed Company, Ltd., Kunming 650200, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Y Q Bi
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan TianRui Seed Company, Ltd., Kunming 650200, Yunnan Province, China
| | - L J Yu
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan TianRui Seed Company, Ltd., Kunming 650200, Yunnan Province, China
| | - X M Fan
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan TianRui Seed Company, Ltd., Kunming 650200, Yunnan Province, China
| | - J Tan
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan Province, China
| | - D P Jeffers
- CIMMYT Yunnan Office/Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, Yunnan Province, China
| | - M S Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan KS 66506-5502
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14
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Park SJ, Oh SH, Kang MS, Kim TH, Kang SW, Yoon YC, Kim YH. Reuse of a previously transplanted kidney from a deceased donor using Luminex virtual crossmatching: a case report. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:2083-5. [PMID: 25131112 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the most desired modality of renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We have attempted to expand the organ donor pool through several methods, including the use of expanded donor criteria. Although previously transplanted kidneys are rarely reused, they can be suitable for transplantation into patients in need. We report a case of successful reuse of a previously transplanted kidney from a deceased donor by means of Luminex virtual crossmatching with the first donor and actual crossmatching with the second donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Organ Transplantation Center, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Nephrology, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Kang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Department of Nephrology, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Kang
- Department of Nephrology, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y C Yoon
- Organ Transplantation Center, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Organ Transplantation Center, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Nephrology, College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Song EY, Huh JY, Kim SY, Kim TG, Oh S, Yoon JH, Roh EY, Park MH, Kang MS, Shin S. Estimation of size of cord blood inventory based on high-resolution typing of HLAs. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 49:977-9. [PMID: 24777194 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2014.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methods for estimating the cord blood (CB) inventory size required vary according to the ethnic diversity of the HLA, degree of HLA matching and HLA-typing resolution. We estimated the CB inventory size required using 7190 stored CB units (CBU) and 2450 patients who were awaiting or underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. With high-resolution typing of HLA-A, B and DRB1, 94.6% of Korean patients could find CBUs in 100 000 CBUs with a 5/6 match, and 95.7% could find CBUs in 5000 CBUs with a 4/6 match. With low-resolution typing of HLA-A and B and high-resolution typing of leukocyte antigen-DRB1, 95% of patients could find CBUs in 50 000 CBUs with a 5/6 match, and 96.7% could find CBUs in 3000 CBUs with a 4/6 match. With additional high-resolution typing for HLA-A and B, which could improve transplantation outcome, the size of the CB inventory would need to increase twofold for Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Huh
- CHA Bundang Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - T G Kim
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Yoon
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea [3] Seoul Metropolitan Government Public Cord Blood Bank (Allcord), Seoul, Korea
| | - E Y Roh
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea [3] Seoul Metropolitan Government Public Cord Blood Bank (Allcord), Seoul, Korea
| | - M H Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M S Kang
- 1] CHA Bundang Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea [2] CHA Medical Center Cord Blood Bank, Seongnam, Korea
| | - S Shin
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea [3] Seoul Metropolitan Government Public Cord Blood Bank (Allcord), Seoul, Korea
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16
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Kang MS, Joly NY, Russell PSJ. Passive mode-locking of fiber ring laser at the 337th harmonic using gigahertz acoustic core resonances. Opt Lett 2013; 38:561-563. [PMID: 23455136 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental demonstration of a passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber ring laser operating at the 337th harmonic (1.80 GHz) of the cavity. The laser makes use of highly efficient Raman-like optoacoustic interactions between the guided light and gigahertz acoustic resonances trapped in the micron-sized solid glass core of a photonic crystal fiber. At sufficient pump power levels the laser output locks to a repetition rate corresponding to the acoustic frequency. A stable optical pulse train with a side-mode suppression ratio higher than 45 dB was obtained at low pump powers (~60 mW).
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kang
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Guenther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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17
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Butsch A, Kang MS, Euser TG, Koehler JR, Rammler S, Keding R, Russell PSJ. Optomechanical nonlinearity in dual-nanoweb structure suspended inside capillary fiber. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:183904. [PMID: 23215282 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.183904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel kind of nanostructured optical fiber, displaying an extremely high and optically broadband optomechanical nonlinearity, is presented. It comprises two closely spaced ultrathin glass membranes (webs) suspended in air and attached to the inner walls of a glass fiber capillary. Light guided in this dual-web structure can exert attractive or repulsive pressure on the webs, causing them to be pushed together or pulled apart. The elastic deflection of the webs is, in turn, coupled to the electromagnetic field distribution and results in a change in the effective refractive index within the fiber. Employing a pump-probe technique in an interferometric setup, optomechanically induced refractive index changes more than 10^{4} times larger than the Kerr effect are detected. Theoretical estimates of the optomechanical nonlinearity agree well with the experimental results. The dual-web fiber combines the sensitivity of a microoptomechanical device with the versatility of an optical fiber and could trigger new developments in the fields of nonlinear optics, optical metrology, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Butsch
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Guenther-Scharowsky-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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18
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Kim KM, Sung HY, Jung B, Kang MS, Huh JY. HLA-B*40:179, a novel allele identified by sequence-based typing in cord blood from a Korean woman. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 80:194-5. [PMID: 22607317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2012.01894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The novel allele B*40:179 showed one nucleotide difference with B*40:01:01 in exon 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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19
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Bacalocostantis I, Mane VP, Kang MS, Goodley AS, Muro S, Kofinas P. Effect of thiol pendant conjugates on plasmid DNA binding, release, and stability of polymeric delivery vectors. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1331-9. [PMID: 22515194 DOI: 10.1021/bm3004786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymers have attracted much attention as potential gene delivery vectors due to their chemical and structural versatility. However, several challenges associated with polymeric carriers, including low transfection efficiencies, insufficient cargo release, and high cytotoxicity levels have prevented clinical implementation. Strong electrostatic interactions between polymeric carriers and DNA cargo can prohibit complete cargo release within the cell. As a result, cargo DNA never reaches the cell's nucleus where gene expression takes place. In addition, highly charged cationic polymers have been correlated with high cytotoxicity levels, making them unsuitable carriers in vivo. Using poly(allylamine) (PAA) as a model, we investigated how pH-sensitive disulfide cross-linked polymer networks can improve the delivery potential of cationic polymer carriers. To accomplish this, we conjugated thiol-terminated pendant chains onto the primary amines of PAA using 2-iminothiolane, developing three new polymer vectors with 5, 13, or 20% thiol modification. Unmodified PAA and thiol-conjugated polymers were tested for their ability to bind and release plasmid DNA, their capacity to protect genetic cargo from enzymatic degradation, and their potential for endolysosomal escape. Our results demonstrate that polymer-plasmid complexes (polyplexes) formed by the 13% thiolated polymer demonstrate the greatest delivery potential. At high N/P ratios, all thiolated polymers (but not unmodified counterparts) were able to resist decomplexation in the presence of heparin, a negatively charged polysaccharide used to mimic in vivo polyplex-protein interactions. Further, all thiolated polymers exhibited higher buffering capacities than unmodified PAA and, therefore, have a greater potential for endolysosomal escape. However, 5 and 20% thiolated polymers exhibited poor DNA binding-release kinetics, making them unsuitable carriers for gene delivery. The 13% thiolated polymers, on the other hand, displayed high DNA binding efficiency and pH-sensitive release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bacalocostantis
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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20
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Oh JY, Kang MS, Yoon H, Choi HW, An BK, Shin EG, Kim YJ, Kim MJ, Kwon JH, Kwon YK. The embryo lethality of Escherichia coli isolates and its relationship to the presence of virulence-associated genes. Poult Sci 2012; 91:370-5. [PMID: 22252350 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine if the chicken embryo lethality assay and the presence of 9 virulence-associated genes of Escherichia coli were correlated and to discover which virulence genes contributed most to embryo lethality. We examined 58 E. coli strains isolated from visceral organs of chickens with colibacillosis for the presence of 9 virulence genes (fimC, tsh, fyuA, irp2, iucD, cvi/cva, iss, astA, and vat) by PCR. The gene FimC (type I fimbriae) was detected with the highest prevalence in 93.1% of the isolates, followed by iucD (67.24%), iss (58.62%), tsh (34.48%), cvi/cva (34.48%), fyuA (32.76%), astA (31.0%), irp2 (27.59%), and vat (17.24%). The embryo mortality ranged from 5 to 100%; however, most of the isolates were moderately or highly virulent. High positive correlations were observed between the presence of virulence genes and chicken embryo lethality. In addition, presence of the iucD (aerobactin) gene was the trait that best contributed to embryo mortality by using the multivariate model. These results suggest that expression frequency of these 9 virulence genes is associated with embryo mortality, and the gene that best predicted embryo mortality was iucD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Oh
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Kyunggi, Korea
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21
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Oh JY, Kang MS, Kim JM, An BK, Song EA, Kim JY, Shin EG, Kim MJ, Kwon JH, Kwon YK. Characterization of Escherichia coli isolates from laying hens with colibacillosis on 2 commercial egg-producing farms in Korea. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1948-54. [PMID: 21844259 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports on layer chickens with colibacillosis in 2 commercial egg-producing farms (referred to as farm A and farm B, which were managed by the same owner and were about 1 km apart) in the middle region of the Korean peninsula. The 2 flocks were infected at the initiation of egg laying. They were characterized by no previous clinical signs but sudden mortality (2.7-4.0%), with severe lesions of septicemia and fibrinous polyserositis. Escherichia coli was isolated from the lesions of the infected birds. Serotyping tests identified isolates that belonged to somatic groups O1 (12/17), O46 (2/17), O78 (1/17), and O84 (1/17) or that were unidentified (1/17). Thirteen of 17 E. coli isolates (76.4%) obtained from 11 birds in the 2 flocks showed similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns that were arbitrarily designated as pattern A. The isolates had high frequencies of putative virulence genes including 100% [fimC (type 1 fimbriae), iucD (aerobactin synthesis), and iss (increased serum survival)], 94.1% [cva/cvi (structural genes of colicin V operon) and vat (vacuolating autotransporter toxin)], 88.2% [irp2, iron-repressible protein (yersinia bactin) synthesis, and fyuA, ferric yersinia uptake], and 82.3% [tsh (temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin)]; astA (encoding a heat-stable cytotoxin associated with enteroaggregative E. coli) was not associated with the enteric disorder. These data suggest that all chickens with colibacillosis on farms A and B were likely infected by E. coli strains that are highly pathogenic in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Oh
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Kyunggi 430-824, Korea
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22
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Kim SK, Kang MS, Yoon BY, Kim DY, Cho SK, Bae SC, Her MY. Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Is histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis in SLE associated with skin lesions? Lupus 2011; 20:809-19. [PMID: 21562017 DOI: 10.1177/0961203310397684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL), or Kikuchi's disease, is a benign and self-limiting lymphadenopathy that typically affects young Asian females. It presents with lymphadenopathy, usually cervical, accompanied by fever, chills and leukopenia. Although the association between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and HNL is rare, the number of reports of HNL in SLE patients is increasing. We present nine cases of HNL in patients with SLE. Among the seven patients with diverse skin manifestations, three had skin manifestations that were histologically compatible with SLE. A review of previous reports in the literature showed that cutaneous involvement was commonly found in HNL in association with SLE. In the patients who had simultaneous onset of both diseases, lupus flare-ups were commonly observed. We suggest that HNL in SLE patients is associated with cutaneous manifestations. This report contributes to our understanding of the relationship between these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Arthritis and Autoimmunity Research Center, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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23
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Zang LY, Euser TG, Kang MS, Scharrer M, Russell PSJ. Structural analysis of photonic crystal fibers by side scattering of laser light. Opt Lett 2011; 36:1668-1670. [PMID: 21540963 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.001668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A side-scattering technique for investigating the inner microstructure of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is reported. Multiple scattering is reduced by filling the hollow PCF channels with index-matching fluid. The scattered signal is measured for fixed angles of incidence and detection while the fiber is rotated. A pattern of peaks, unique to each PCF, whether solid or hollow core, correlates closely with the symmetry planes of the PCF structure. As an example of the technique, the twist profile of a structural rocking filter is directly measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Zang
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Guenther-Scharowsky-Str.1/Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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24
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Wong GKL, Zang L, Kang MS, Russell PSJ. Measurement of group-velocity dispersion of Bloch modes in photonic-crystal-fiber rocking filters. Opt Lett 2010; 35:3982-3984. [PMID: 21124586 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.003982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We use low-coherence interferometry to measure the group-velocity dispersion (GVD) of the fast and slow Bloch modes of structural rocking filters, produced by twisting a highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber to and fro while scanning a focused CO(2) laser beam along it. The GVD curves in the vicinity of the resonant wavelength differ dramatically from those of the unperturbed fiber, suggesting that rocking filters could be used in the optimization of, e.g., four-wave mixing and supercontinuum generation. Excellent agreement is obtained between theory and experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K L Wong
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Guenther-Scharowsky-Strasse 1/Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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25
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Kang MS, Brenn A, Russell PSJ. All-optical control of gigahertz acoustic resonances by forward stimulated interpolarization scattering in a photonic crystal fiber. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:153901. [PMID: 21230905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a novel nonlinear optoacoustic phenomenon, that we name forward stimulated interpolarization scattering. When two frequency-offset laser signals are colaunched into orthogonally polarized guided modes of a birefringent small-core (1.8 μm diameter) photonic crystal fiber, a pattern of axially moving polarization fringes is produced, with a velocity and spacing that depends on the frequency offset. At values of frequency offset in the few-GHz range, the pattern of moving fringes can perfectly match the phase velocity and axial wavelength (3.9 mm) of the torsional-radial acoustic mode tightly guided in the core. An intense optoacoustic interaction ensues, leading to efficient nonlinear exchange of power from the higher frequency (pump) mode to the orthogonally polarized lower frequency (Stokes) mode. A full-vectorial theory is developed to explain the observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kang
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Guenther-Scharowsky-Strasse 1/Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Kwon YK, Kwon KY, Joh SJ, Kim MC, Kang MS, Lee YJ, Kwon JH, Kim JH. The susceptibility of magpies to a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1. Poult Sci 2010; 89:1156-61. [PMID: 20460661 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Korean wild magpies (Pica pica sericea) were intranasally inoculated with highly pathogenic avian influenza (A/Chicken/Korea/ES/03 virus) (H5N1), which was classified as clade 2.5. We estimated viral replication, death after infection, and histology and immunohistochemistry. This species was highly susceptible to severe infection; 100% of birds died within 5 to 8 d. The virus was detected from oropharyngeal (1 to 5 d postinfection) and cloacal (3 to 5 d postinfection) swabs from infected magpies. At necropsy, the prominent lesions were coalescing necrosis of the pancreas with enlargement of livers and spleens. Microscopically, pancreas, brain, heart, adrenal gland, and kidney were most consistently affected with necrotic and inflammatory changes, and viral antigen was frequently demonstrated in the parenchyma of these organs. As a result, Korean wild magpies were very susceptible to avian influenza (H5N1) virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Kwon
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Kyeonggi 430-824, Korea.
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27
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Kang MS, Jang H, Kim MC, Kim MJ, Joh SJ, Kwon JH, Kwon YK. Development of a stabilizer for lyophilization of an attenuated duck viral hepatitis vaccine. Poult Sci 2010; 89:1167-70. [PMID: 20460663 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The live attenuated vaccine against duck viral hepatitis currently available in Korea requires special freezers for storage and transportation with extra costs involved. The development of a lyophilization stabilizer for live attenuated duck viral hepatitis virus (DHV) vaccines, therefore, has been highly recommended for the wider application of the vaccines. Four conventional vaccine stabilizer formulations containing a disaccharide, such as lactose, trehalose, or sucrose, and new formulations containing sorbitol were tested for their efficacy in stabilizing a new attenuated DHV type 3 vaccine candidate under different storage temperatures, 4 and 37 degrees C. The vaccine virus and each stabilizer formulation were combined and submitted to lyophilization and the viability of the virus was measured in 7-d-old specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos by determining the 50% egg lethal dose. Stabilizer formulations containing 2, 4, or 8% sorbitol preserved the viability of the vaccine virus much better than the other stabilizer formulations and 2% sorbitol was the optimal concentration in a standard stabilizing buffer, phosphate glutamate gelatin (0.0038 M KH2PO4, 0.0071 M K2HPO4, 0.0049 M monosodium L-glutamate, and 0.5% gelatin). The results demonstrate that the stabilizer formulation containing 2% sorbitol and 0.5% gelatin can be used for convenient storage and transportation of live DHV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kang
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Gyeonggi, 430-824, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- J W HA
- Cardiology Division, Yonsei University of College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Ha
- Cardiology Division, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Her MY, Kang MS, Kim DY. Fibrillary glomerulonephritis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2008; 26:158. [PMID: 18328168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim 9-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Lee JH, Han EY, Kang MS, Kawano F, Kim HJ, Ohira Y, Kim CK. Effects of 20-Week Intermittent Cold-Water-Immersion on Phenotype and Myonuclei in Single Fibers of Rat Hindlimb Muscles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 54:331-7. [PMID: 15631688 DOI: 10.2170/jjphysiol.54.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 20 weeks of intermittent cold-water-immersion on myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression,cross-sectional area (CSA), myonuclear number, and myonuclear domain size in isolated single fiber of soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were studied in male Wistar rats. Cold exposure was accomplished by submerging the rats in shoulder-deep water, maintained at approximately 18 degrees C, for 1 hour/day, 5 days/week and for 20 weeks. Cold exposure resulted in a significant inhibition of body and soleus muscle weight gain. The percent type IIa MHC fibers of EDL muscle was increased, whereas that of type IIa + b MHC fibers was less in cold-exposed group than controls (p < 0.05). The mean CSA and myonuclear number in type I MHC fibers of soleus muscle in cold-exposed group were significantly less than controls. Myonuclear domain in type IIa fibers of EDL in the cold-exposed group was greater than controls (p < 0.05). It is suggested that prolonged cold exposure causes the fiber-type-specific adaptation in rat hindlimb muscles. It is further indicated that cold-exposure-related modulation of myonuclear number was closely related to reduction of fiber CSA, not the shift of fiber phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Human Physiology, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
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35
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Choi YK, Kang MS, Sohn HR, Kim DY. Disseminated ciliated protozoan infection in a Pacific dolphin (Tursiops gilli). Vet Rec 2003; 153:714-5. [PMID: 14690077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y K Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon, Korea
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36
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Kang MS, Oh MJ, Kim YJ, Kawai K, Jung SJ. Establishment and characterization of two new cell lines derived from flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel). J Fish Dis 2003; 26:657-665. [PMID: 14710758 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two new cell cultures from flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel), flounder fin (FFN) cells from fin tissue and flounder spleen (FSP) cells from spleen tissue, were established and characterized. The cells multiplied well in Eagle's minimum essential medium, supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum, and have been subcultured more than 100 times, becoming continuous cell lines. Modal diploid chromosome number of FFN and FSP cells was 64 and 62, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction products were obtained from FFN and FSP cells with primer sets ofmicrosatellite markers of flounder. Optimal growth temperature was 20 degrees C and consisted of epithelioid cells. FFN and FSP cells showed cytopathic effects after inoculation of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, marine birnavirus, chum salmon virus, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, spring viraemia of carp virus and hirame rhabdovirus. Thus these new cell lines may be useful for studying a wide range of fish viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kang
- Department of Fish Pathology, Yosu National University, Yosu, Chunnam, Republic of Korea
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37
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Oh D, Kim SH, Kang MS, Kim NK, Chang NS, Na BW, Chung SY, Park S, Cho CS. Acquired activated protein C resistance, high tissue factor expression, and hyper-homocysteinemia in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Hematol 2003; 72:103-8. [PMID: 12555213 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.10279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Activated protein C resistance (APCR), high tissue factor (TF) expression, and hyper-homocysteinemia are associated with thromboembolic diseases. Thromboembolism is a frequent complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of APCR, high TF, and homocysteine with correlation of the thrombotic tendency in SLE. Ninety-four SLE patients and 28 normal controls were included. APC ratio and TF antigen were measured using commercial kits. Plasma homocysteine level was measured using HPLC. The prevalence of APCR, high TF antigen level, and hyper-homocysteinemia in our SLE patients were 21.3%, 66.0%, and 23.4%, respectively. The median plasma level of TF antigen in SLE patients was 145.23 pg/mL (range, 31.00-778.50 pg/mL), which was significantly higher than the control value of 39.83 pg/mL (range, 1.55-168.50 pg/mL). The median APC ratio in SLE patients was 2.76 (range, 1.48-13.47), which was significantly lower than the control value of 3.59 (range, 0.26-5.66). The plasma level of homocysteine was not significantly different from that of control. A significant association was observed between the presence of APCR (OR = 8.59, P < 0.0001) but not with the presence of high plasma TF antigen level (OR = 1.24, P = 0.67) and thrombotic complications in SLE patients. In conclusion, APCR and high plasma TF levels are common in SLE, but a significant association was observed only between the presence of APCR and thrombosis in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Pundang-gu, Sungnam-city, Kyunggi-do 463-712, South Korea.
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38
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Choi BO, Kim NK, Kim SH, Kang MS, Lee S, Ahn JY, Kim OJ, Kim S, Oh D. Homozygous C677T mutation in the MTHFR gene as an independent risk factor for multiple small-artery occlusions. Thromb Res 2003; 111:39-44. [PMID: 14644077 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2003.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular disease and the homozygous C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene can induce hyperhomocysteinemia. However, the association between this 677TT genotype and ischemic stroke still remains controversial. Therefore, we carried out this study to determine whether the MTHFR TT genotype is associated with certain subtypes of ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 195 ischemic stroke patients and 198 healthy individuals and checked their fasting plasma homocysteine levels and analyzed the C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene. RESULTS Our findings concur with previous reports that stroke occurrence is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, but not with the 677TT genotype. However, when we re-analyzed the data based on a subtype classification, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the 677TT genotype were found to be significantly higher in patients with small-artery occlusion than that in controls (AOR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.01-8.48). Moreover, the AOR of the 677TT genotype was found to be much bigger in patients with multiple small-artery occlusions (AOR, 6.90; 95% CI, 1.70-27.99), but not in those with single small-artery occlusion (AOR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.27-5.35). CONCLUSIONS The homozygous C677T mutation in the MTHFR gene is associated with multiple small-artery occlusions, but not with single small-artery occlusion. Our findings suggest a genetic basis for certain subtypes of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Choi
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University, Sungnam, South Korea
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Abstract
Systemic Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) infection was induced experimentally in commercial turkeys with recent MS isolates (K4822D and K4774J) from turkey breeder flocks that exhibited no clinical signs typical of MS infection except for a low incidence of swollen footpads. The virulence of each strain was compared by evaluating gross and microscopic lesions, serologic responses, and MS isolation rates at 10 and 21 days postchallenge and by comparing these results with those obtained from a known virulent isolate (K1968), another previously characterized field isolate (K4463B), and unchallenged controls. All strains induced lesions typical of infectious synovitis but showed distinct differences in the extent of the gross and microscopic lesions and in the isolation rates from the tissues in turkeys. K1968 induced the most extensive lesions in hock and stifle joints and footpads, but strains K4822D, K4774J, and K4463B all induced synovitis and were similar in virulence for synovial tissues. Very mild respiratory lesions were induced by all of the strains studied. All strains yielded strong positive serologic responses. We concluded that these recent field isolates, although able to induce synovitis, are less virulent for turkeys than a known virulent strain. Nevertheless, under severe experimental challenge, these strains have the capability of causing lesions that may be incompatible with economical turkey production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kang
- University of Georgia, Department of Avian Medicine, Athens 30602-4875, USA
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Kang MS, Hung SC, Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 activates transcription from episomal but not integrated DNA and does not alter lymphocyte growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:15233-8. [PMID: 11734622 PMCID: PMC65012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.211556598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
By binding to a cis-acting element (oriP) in the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome, EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) enables persistence and enhances transcription from EBV episomes. To investigate whether EBNA1 also directly affects cell gene transcription, we conditionally expressed a Flag-tagged dominant negative EBNA1 (FDNE) in an EBV immortalized lymphoblastoid cell line, in which the EBV genome is integrated into cell DNA. FDNE induction inhibited expression from an EBNA1-dependent oriP reporter plasmid by more than 90% in these cells but did not affect expression from integrated EBV or oriP reporter DNA. FDNE induction also did not alter expression of more than 1,800 cellular mRNAs. Lymphoblastoid cell line growth under a variety of conditions was unaffected by FDNE induction. Although Gal4-VP16 and EBNA1 strongly activated and coactivated a Gal4-VP16- and oriP-dependent promoter that was on an episome, only Gal4-VP16 activated the promoter when it was integrated into chromosomal DNA. These data indicate that EBNA1 is specifically deficient in activation of an integrated oriP enhancer and does not affect cell growth or gene expression through an interaction with cognate chromosomal DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kang
- Program in Virology and Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kwon YB, Kang MS, Kim HW, Ham TW, Yim YK, Jeong SH, Park DS, Choi DY, Han HJ, Beitz AJ, Lee JH. Antinociceptive effects of bee venom acupuncture (apipuncture) in rodent animal models: a comparative study of acupoint versus non-acupoint stimulation. ACUPUNCTURE ELECTRO 2001; 26:59-68. [PMID: 11394494 DOI: 10.3727/036012901816356054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
From a clinical perspective, the alternative forms of acupoint stimulation including electroacupuncture, moxibustion and acupressure appear to have more potent analgesic effects than manual needle acupuncture. Bee venom (BV) injection has also been reported to produce persistent nociceptive stimulation and to cause neuronal activation in the spinal cord. In previous study, we observed that BV stimulation into acupoint, namely BV acupuncture or Apipuncture, produced more potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potency in rodent arthritis model as comparing with that of non-acupoint injection. Based on previous report, we decided to further investigate that BV injection into an acupoint produces antinociception as a result of its potent chemical stimulatory effect in both abdominal stretch assay and formalin test. Different doses of BV were injected into an acupoint or a non-acupoint 30 min prior to intraplantar formalin injection or intraperitoneal acetic acid injection. Using the abdominal stretch assay, we found that the high dose of BV (1:100 diluted in 20microl saline) produced a potent antinociceptive effect irrespective of the site of BV injection. In contrast the antinociceptive effect observed in both the writhing and formalin tests following administration of a low dose of BV (1:1000 diluted in 20microl saline) was significantly different between acupoint and non-acupoint sites. BV injection into an acupoint (Zhongwan, Cv. 12) was found to produce significantly greater antinociception than non-acupoint injection (10 mm from Zhongwan, Cv. 12) in the abdominal stretch assay. Similarly, in the formalin test, acupoint (Zusanli, St. 36) injection of BV produced more potent antinociception than non-acupoint injection (gluteal muscle). In contrast, BV injection into an arbitrary non-acupoint site on the back did not produce antinociception in either the writhing or formalin test. These results indicate that BV injection directly into an acupoint can produce a potent antinociceptive effect and suggest that this alternative form of acupoint stimulation (Apipuncture) may be a promising method for the relief of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea
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Kwon YB, Kang MS, Han HJ, Beitz AJ, Lee JH. Visceral antinociception produced by bee venom stimulation of the Zhongwan acupuncture point in mice: role of alpha(2) adrenoceptors. Neurosci Lett 2001; 308:133-7. [PMID: 11457577 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to determine whether bee venom (BV) injection into the Zhongwan acupoint (CV12), compared to injection into a non-acupoint, produced antinociception in an acetic acid-induced visceral pain model. This was accomplished by injecting BV subcutaneously into the Zhongwan acupoint or into a non-acupoint 30 min before intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid in ICR mice. BV injection into the acupoint produced a dose dependent suppression of acetic acid-induced abdominal stretches and of acetic acid-induced Fos expression in the spinal cord and the nucleus tractus solitarii. In contrast BV injection into the non-acupoint only produced antinociception at the highest dose of BV tested. Naloxone pretreatment did not alter the antinociceptive effect of BV acupoint injection on the abdominal stretch reflex. On the other hand, pretreatment with the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine completely blocked the antinociceptive effect of BV acupoint injection. These results imply that BV acupoint stimulation can produce visceral antinociception that is associated with activation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors, but not with naloxone-sensitive opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, South Korea
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Kwon YB, Kang MS, Son SS, Kim JT, Lee YH, Han HJ, Lee JH. Different frequencies of electroacupuncture modified the cellular activity of serotonergic neurons in brainstem. Am J Chin Med 2001; 28:435-41. [PMID: 11154058 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x00000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated whether different frequencies of electroacupuncture (EA) modified the activities of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe (DR) and raphe magnus (RMg) using double labeling immunohistochemistry for Fos and serotonin. The results demonstrated that both high and low frequency EA increased the colocalization between Fos and serotonin in the DR, not in RMg as compared with anesthesia control. In addition, high frequency EA more potently increased the serotonergic activity in the DR rather than low frequency EA, suggesting that serotonergic pathway from the DR plays an important role in the high frequency EA analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
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Lee YJ, Kang MS, Woo YK, Mo IP, Tak RB. Competitive exclusion against Salmonella gallinarum of Salmonella enteritidis infected chickens. J Vet Sci 2001; 2:33-6. [PMID: 14614291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the degree of competitive exclusion against Salmonella gallinarum(S. gallinarum) of Salmonella enteritidis(S. enteritidis) infected chickens, fifty-six, 4-week old Hyline layer suspected of S. enteritidis infection were challenged with S. gallinarum. All chickens were tested for S. enteritidis isolation using cloacal swabs and serum plate agglutination test using S. enteritidis Ag. before challenge and classified into four groups(SE isolated, SE nonisolated, SE seropositive and SE seronegative). None of the SE isolated and the SE seropositive groups died after challenge and the average weight gains were 245.5g and 254.6g, respectively. But in the SE nonisolated and the SE seronegative groups, mortality was 18.2% and 20.6% and the average weight gains were 150.1g and 111.2g. The incidence of reisolation of S. gallinarum of the SE isolated and the SE seropositive groups were 41.7% and 47.6% from liver, 33.3% and 47.6% from spleen and 8.3% and 14.3% from cecum, respectively, and the SE nonisolated and the SE seronegative group were 63.6% and 64.7% from liver, 84.1% and 88.2% from spleen and 47.7% and 52.9% from cecum. The serological response of the SE isolated and the SE seropositive groups hardly changed from 75.0 and 81.8% before challenge to 75.0 and 85.7% after. But, the other two groups were found to be significantly higher after challenge and increased from 0 and 18.2% to 100%. Consequently, S. enteritidis preinfected chickens were found to be significant different in terms of mortality, weight gain, reisolation of S. gallinarum and serological response compared to noninfected chickens. Moreover, our study shows that S. enteritidis infected chickens appear strong competitive exclusion against the colonization of S. gallinarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Lee
- Avain Disease Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang 436-016, Korea
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of endocervical glandular lesions are not clearly understood. The aims of this study are to evaluate the etiologic role of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 and the relationship of HPV 16/18, p53 and MIB-1 expressions in endocervical glandular dysplasia (EGD), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and adenocarcinoma. The materials included 14 endocervical adenocarcinoma and 5 AIS and 18 high grade EGD and 39 low grade EGD. Immunohistochemistry for p53 and MIB-1, and in situ PCR for HPV 16/18 were done. HPV 16/18 positivity was 84.2%, 16.7% and 17.9% in malignant glandular lesion (adenocarcinoma and AIS), high grade EGD and low grade EGD, respectively. P53 protein expression rates of malignant glandular lesions, high grade EGD and low grade EGD were 31.6%, 11.1%, and 0%, respectively. High MIB-1 labelling index was found in 73.7% of malignant glandular lesions, but in only 5.7% and 3.6% of high and low grade EGD, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in HPV 16/18, p53 and MIB-1 expressions between malignant endocervical glandular lesions and EGD, but no significant difference in p53 and MIB-1 expressions in relation to HPV 16/18 expression. In malignant endocervical glandular lesions, HPV 16/18 infection may be a major causative factor, but not be related to p53 and MIB-1 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Yoon
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pusan Paik Hospital, Pusan, Korea.
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Hung SC, Kang MS, Kieff E. Maintenance of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) oriP-based episomes requires EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-1 chromosome-binding domains, which can be replaced by high-mobility group-I or histone H1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:1865-70. [PMID: 11172042 PMCID: PMC29348 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.98.4.1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) binding to a cis-acting viral DNA element, oriP, enables plasmids to persist in dividing human cells as multicopy episomes that attach to chromosomes during mitosis. In investigating the significance of EBNA-1 binding to mitotic chromosomes, we identified the basic domains of EBNA-1 within amino acids 1-89 and 323-386 as critical for chromosome binding. In contrast, the EBNA-1 C terminus (amino acids 379-641), which includes the nuclear localization signal and DNA-binding domain, does not associate with mitotic chromosomes or retain oriP plasmid DNA in dividing cell nuclei, but does enable the accumulation of replicated oriP-containing plasmid DNA in transient replication assays. The importance of chromosome association in episome maintenance was evaluated by replacing EBNA-1 amino acids 1-378 with cell proteins that have similar chromosome binding characteristics. High-mobility group-I amino acids 1-90 or histone H1-2 could substitute for EBNA-1 amino acids 1-378 in mediating more efficient accumulation of replicated oriP plasmid, association with mitotic chromosomes, nuclear retention, and long-term episome persistence. These data strongly support the hypothesis that mitotic chromosome association is a critical factor for episome maintenance. The replacement of 60% of EBNA-1 with cell protein is a significant step toward eliminating the need for noncellular protein sequences in the maintenance of episomal DNA in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Hung
- Program in Virology, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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47
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Jang TJ, Kang MS, Kim H, Kim DH, Lee JI, Kim JR. Increased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E and p21(Cip1) associated with decreased expression of p27(Kip1) in chemically induced rat mammary carcinogenesis. Jpn J Cancer Res 2000; 91:1222-32. [PMID: 11123420 PMCID: PMC5926312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We induced rat mammary tumors in 7-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats by intragastric administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), and analyzed by immunohistochemistry the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, p21(Cip1), and p27(Kip1) in carcinomas, atypical tumors, and benign tumors as well as normal mammary glands from the control group. Proliferation status was assessed by immunohistochemistry using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). A sequential increase in cyclin D1-, cyclin E-, and p21(Cip1)-positive epithelial cells was observed from normal mammary glands, to atypical tumors, to carcinomas. In contrast, carcinomas showed a significantly lower number of epithelial cells immunoreactive to p27(Kip1) when compared with atypical tumors, benign tumors and normal mammary glands. The immunoreactivities of BrdU, cyclin D1, cyclin E, and p21(Cip1) were positively correlated, whereas that of p27(Kip1) appeared inversely correlated to those of the others. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis were also performed to determine the mRNA and protein levels of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in tumors and normal mammary glands. The protein levels for cyclin D1, cyclin E and p21(Cip1) in carcinomas and atypical tumors were significantly higher than those in benign tumors, while normal mammary glands showed negligible expression. On RT-PCR, tumors showed higher mRNA levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin E than those of normal mammary glands. Our results suggest that rat mammary carcinogenesis involves increased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, and p21(Cip1), associated with decreased expression of p27(Kip1).
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Jang
- Department of Pathology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Sukjang-dong, Kyongju, Kyongbuk 780-714, Korea.
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Gordon
- San Jose State University, CA 95192-0058, USA
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Song SH, Lee KH, Kang MS, Lee YJ. Role of paxillin in metabolic oxidative stress-induced cytoskeletal reorganization: involvement of SAPK signal transduction pathway and PTP-PEST gene expression. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 29:61-70. [PMID: 10962206 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that glucose deprivation-induced cell death is associated with apoptosis, which is characterized by cellular membrane blebbing in multi-drug-resistant human breast carcinoma MCF-7/ADR cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of glucose deprivation-induced cytoskeletal reorganization, which is known to be responsible for the morphological alterations. An increase in the formation of focal adhesion and stress fibers was observed during the early period of glucose deprivation (1-2 h). However, a disappearance of focal adhesion complexes and a loss of stress fiber formation along with membrane blebbing were observed when glucose deprivation continued. These alterations were delayed in MCF-7/ADR cells transfected with bcl-2 and completely suppressed by treatment with an antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine. These results indicated that glucose deprivation-induced oxidative stress caused the cytoskeletal reorganization. The glucose deprivation-induced alteration of cytoskeletal organization was further investigated by studying a modification of paxillin, one of the focal adhesion proteins. Immunoblotting with anti-paxillin antibody showed that the paxillin band shifted from 68 kDa to about 80 kDa during 1-4 h of glucose deprivation. The mobility shift indicated the modification of paxillin. This possibility was further studied by an immunoprecipitation assay with anti-paxillin/anti-phosphotyrosine antibody and phosphoamino acid analysis (PAA). The immunoprecipitation study revealed that the level of tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin was maintained for 2 h and then markedly decreased without a change in the total level of paxillin. The PAA study showed that paxillin is dephosphorylated on tyrosine concurrent with phosphorylation on serine/threonine. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK1) suppressed glucose deprivation-induced JNK1 activation, PTP-PEST gene expression, and alteration of paxillin. Taken together, these results suggest that the alteration of the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of paxillin may be related to the cytoskeletal reorganization and these events are mediated by glucose deprivation-induced oxidative stress and the stress-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Song
- Department of Molecular Biology and Research Center for Cell Differentiation, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kawano F, Nomura T, Kang MS, Lee JH, Han EY, Chiu YC, Sato Y, Ishihara A, Ohira Y. Effects of 9 weeks of hindlimb unloading on motor performances in adult rats. J Gravit Physiol 2000; 7:P115-6. [PMID: 12697506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that abnormal steps associated with an ankle hyper-extension during walking were observed in adult rats after 2 weeks of hindlimb suspension (Canu and Falempin, 1997 & 1998). But such phenomena were normalized after 7 days of reambulation recovery. Canu and Falempin (1996) suggested that the spinal cord has a capacity to generate a well-organized pattern of locomotion even after a period of muscle disuse. There are, however, no reports about the effects of more prolonged suspension on motor performances. In the present study, 7 weeks old male rats were hindlimb-unloaded by tail suspension for 9 consecutive weeks and landing performances in response to drop from head-down, head-up, or supine position were investigated during 8 weeks of recovery. Posture maintenance during right-left translation was also checked.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kawano
- Dept. Physiol. Biomech., NIFS, Kanoya, Japan
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