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Mena Canata DA, Benfato MS, Pereira FD, Pereira MJR, Rampelotto PH. Distribution and Utilization of Vitamin E in Different Organs of Wild Bats from Different Food Groups. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:266. [PMID: 38398775 PMCID: PMC10890470 DOI: 10.3390/life14020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we examined the levels of vitamin E in the heart, liver, and kidneys of four species of adult male bats with distinct feeding habits. Our results indicate consistent vitamin E levels in the heart across all four bat species, suggesting the presence of regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, the liver displayed notably higher vitamin E levels in nectarivorous and frugivorous bats, while hematophagous bats exhibited lower levels, indicating a link between dietary intake and liver vitamin E levels. Furthermore, correlation analysis provided additional insights into the relationships between vitamin E and key antioxidant parameters in the livers of bats. On the other hand, no correlation was observed between vitamin E and key antioxidant parameters in the heart. Intriguingly, vitamin E was not detected in the kidneys, likely due to physiological factors and the prioritization of vitamin E mobilization in the heart, where it serves critical physiological functions. This unexpected absence of vitamin E in bat kidneys highlights the unique metabolic demands and prioritization of vitamin mobilization in wild animals like bats, compared to conventional animal models. These findings provide insight into the intricate distribution and utilization of vitamin E in bats, emphasizing the influence of dietary intake and metabolic adaptations on vitamin E levels in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Antonio Mena Canata
- Biophysics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Mara Silveira Benfato
- Biophysics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielly Dias Pereira
- Biophysics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - María João Ramos Pereira
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Pabulo Henrique Rampelotto
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core Facility, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-907, RS, Brazil
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Tomsič K, Domanjko Petrič A, Nemec A, Pirman T, Rezar V, Seliškar A, Vovk T, Nemec Svete A. Evaluation of antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration stage B1. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1203480. [PMID: 37745214 PMCID: PMC10512023 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1203480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) is the most common naturally occurring heart disease in dogs. There is a lack of data on antioxidant status and oxidative damage in dogs with MMVD stage B1 according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM B1). The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant status (plasma vitamin E, lipid-standardized vitamin E (LS-VitE), antioxidant capacity of lipid-(ACL) and water-soluble antioxidants, whole blood glutathione peroxidase and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase), and lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)] in dogs with MMVD ACVIM B1. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured to calculate LS-VitE. Fourteen dogs with MMVD ACVIM B1 and 12 control dogs were included in the study. Dogs with MMVD had significantly higher vitamin E, ACL, MDA, and cholesterol concentrations and significantly higher LS-VitE values than control dogs. No significant correlations between MDA and antioxidant parameters were determined in either group. In conclusion, oxidative damage to lipids is already present and the antioxidant status is altered but not depleted in dogs with MMVD ACVIM B1. The antioxidant response to increased oxidative damage consists mainly of the activation of fat-soluble antioxidants. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and targets of early antioxidant supplementation to prevent or ameliorate oxidative stress and mitigate disease progression in dogs with early-stage MMVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Tomsič
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Ana Nemec
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tatjana Pirman
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Vida Rezar
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Seliškar
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Vovk
- The Chair of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Nemec Svete
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Abstract
In the last decades, the universal use of mobile phones has contributed to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation environmental pollution. The steady growth in mobile phone usage has raised concerns about the effects of phone radiation on male reproductive health. Epidemiological studies report a sharp decline in sperm counts in developing countries, and worldwide with c. 14% of couples having difficulties to conceive, many of which are attributed to a male infertility factor. Environment and lifestyle factors are known to contribute to male infertility. Exposure to heat, radiation, or radioactivity might induce damage to biological tissue organs, including the testis. Given the ubiquitous use of mobile phones, the potential adverse effects of the resulting environmental radiation needs to be elucidated further. It seems to be an apparent relationship between the increased exposure to mobile phone radiofrequency and sperm quality decline, but the evidence is not conclusive. Our review summarizes the evidence concerning the possible adverse effects of cell phone radiation on the male reproductive system, with a focus on sperm quality. Also, we critically analyze the effects of elevated testicular temperature and oxidative stress on male fertility and how these factors could interfere with the physiological activities of the testis.
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Yadav H, Rai U, Singh R. Radiofrequency radiation: A possible threat to male fertility. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 100:90-100. [PMID: 33497741 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Radiofrequency exposure from man-made sources has increased drastically with the era of advanced technology. People could not escape from such RF radiations as they have become the essential part of our routine life such as Wi-Fi, microwave ovens, TV, mobile phones, etc. Although non-ionizing radiations are less damaging than ionizing radiations but its long term exposure effect cannot be avoided. For fertility to be affected, either there is an alteration in germ cell, or its nourishing environment, and RF affects both the parameters subsequently, leading to infertility. This review with the help of in vitro and in vivo studies shows that RF could change the morphology and physiology of germ cells with affected spermatogenesis, motility and reduced concentration of male gametes. RF also results in genetic and hormonal changes. In addition, the contribution of oxidative stress and protein kinase complex after RFR exposure is also summarized which could also be the possible mechanism for reduction in sperm parameters. Further, some preventative measures are described which could help in reverting the radiofrequency effects on germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Yadav
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110052, India
| | - Umesh Rai
- Deparment of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110052, India.
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5
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Rahman T, Faisal ARM, Khanam T, Shekhar HU. Recurrent Indoor Environmental Pollution and Its Impact on Health and Oxidative Stress of the Textile Workers in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2020; 14:1178630220938393. [PMID: 32843838 PMCID: PMC7418231 DOI: 10.1177/1178630220938393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perennial indoor environmental pollution in the textile industrial area is a potential health hazard for workers engaged in this line of work, resulting in mental aberration to severe health risks. This study was designed to investigate the indoor environmental quality of textile industries and correlate its effect on the occupational health and well-being of the textile workers by measuring plasma oxidative stress status in textile workers and healthy control subjects. Environmental samples were collected from 15 textile industries located in Dhaka division, and 30 volunteer textile workers and 30 volunteer office workers (control) aged 18 to 57 years participated in the study. The concentration of plasma ascorbic acid (P-ASC), plasma malondialdehyde (P-MDA), and plasma conjugated diene (P-CD) was measured in both groups. The noise level (78.0 ± 0.68 dB) and the formaldehyde level (141.80 ± 4.47 µg/m3) were found to be significantly higher in the indoor environmental area compared with those in the control area (70.17 ± 0.25 dB and 108.0 ± 0.76 µg/m3, respectively). Furthermore, the daily average concentration of suspended particulate matters (PMs), that is, PM2.5 (322.2 ± 13.46 µg/m3) and PM10 (411.0 ± 17.57 µg/m3), was also found to be significantly higher in the indoor environmental air compared with that in the control area (78.59 ± 1.66 and 174.0 ± 2.33 µg/m3, respectively). The levels of P-MDA (0.37 ± 0.03 nmol/L) and P-CD (14.74 ± 0.61 nmol/L) were significantly increased, whereas the level of P-ASC level (0.46 ± 0.04 mg/dL) was markedly decreased in the textile workers compared with the healthy control subjects (0.18 ± 0.01 nmol/L of P-MDA, 10.04 ± 0.44 nmol/L of P-CD, and 1.29 ± 0.06 mg/dL of P-ASC). The textile plants were found to have significantly elevated levels of indoor environmental pollutants compared with those in the control area, and the textile workers were significantly exposed to oxidative stresses compared with the control subjects. The use of noise pads and high-efficiency air filters is perhaps highly instrumental to put an end to this prevailing situation. Moreover, to overcome the oxidative stresses among workers, supplementation of antioxidant vitamins (ie, ascorbic acid and/or vitamin E) may be beneficial. In addition, to prevent serious health-related issues, proper precautions should be taken to protect the occupational health of the textile workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ar-Rafi Md. Faisal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahura Khanam
- Qtex Solutions Limited, 1st ISO 17020:2012 Accredited Environmental inspection body in Bangladesh
| | - Hossain Uddin Shekhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Sawecki J, Miros E, Border SE, Dijkstra PD. Reproduction and maternal care increase oxidative stress in a mouthbrooding cichlid fish. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractInvestment in reproduction and postzygotic parental care is an energetically costly yet fundamental aspect of the life-history strategies in many species. Recently, oxidative stress has received attention as a potential mediator in the trade-off between reproduction, growth, and survival. During activities that increase metabolic activity, such as providing offspring care, an overproduction of reactive oxygen species can occur that cannot be counteracted by antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress and tissue damage. Here, we investigated the oxidative costs of reproduction and maternal care over the course of the reproductive cycle in a mouthbrooding cichlid fish within socially stable and unstable environments. We manipulated social stability by disrupting the habitat in socially unstable tanks. We expected to see an increase in the burden of maternal care within unstable environments due to increased male harassment of females as a byproduct of increased male–male aggression. We found that brooding females have higher levels of oxidative stress than nonbrooding females and oxidative stress fluctuates throughout the reproductive cycle. These fluctuations were driven by a spike in reactive oxygen metabolites at the beginning of brood care followed by an increase in antioxidant defense. Surprisingly, the link between reproduction and oxidative stress was not different between females from stable or unstable environments. Our study illustrates a more complete picture of the physiological costs of reproduction and parental care throughout different stages of care rather than a simplistic end-point observation of how reproduction and parental care affect an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sawecki
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Emily Miros
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Shana E Border
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Peter D Dijkstra
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
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Shafi S, Ansari HR, Bahitham W, Aouabdi S. The Impact of Natural Antioxidants on the Regenerative Potential of Vascular Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:28. [PMID: 30968031 PMCID: PMC6439348 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
With advances in technology, the impact of natural antioxidants on vascular cell regeneration is attracting enormous attention as many current studies are now exploring the clinical potential of antioxidants in regenerative medicine. Natural antioxidants are an important step for improving future treatment and prevention of various diseases such as cardiovascular, cancer, neurodegenerative, and diabetes. The use of natural antioxidants which have effects on several types of stem cells with the potential to differentiate into functional endothelium and smooth muscle cells (known as vascular progenitors) for vascular regeneration might override pharmaceutical and surgical treatments. The natural antioxidant systems comprise of several components present in fruits, vegetables, legumes, medicinal plants, and other animal-derived products that interact with reactive free radicals such as oxygen and nitrogen species to neutralize their oxidative damaging effects on vascular cells. Neutralization by antioxidants involves the breaking down of the oxidative cascade chain reactions in the cell membranes in order to fine-tune the free radical levels. The effect of natural antioxidants on vascular regeneration includes restoration or establishment of new vascular structures and functions. In this review, we highlight the significant effects of natural antioxidants on modulating vascular cells to regenerate vessels, as well as possible mechanisms of action and the potential therapeutic benefits on health. The role of antioxidants in regenerating vessels may be critical for the future of regenerative medicine in terms of the maintenance of the normal functioning of vessels and the prevention of multiple vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Shafi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hifzur Rahman Ansari
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam Bahitham
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sihem Aouabdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Abstract
During recent years, an increasing percentage of male infertility has to be attributed to an array of environmental, health and lifestyle factors. Male infertility is likely to be affected by the intense exposure to heat and extreme exposure to pesticides, radiations, radioactivity and other hazardous substances. We are surrounded by several types of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations and both have recognized causative effects on spermatogenesis. Since it is impossible to cover all types of radiation sources and their biological effects under a single title, this review is focusing on radiation deriving from cell phones, laptops, Wi-Fi and microwave ovens, as these are the most common sources of non-ionizing radiations, which may contribute to the cause of infertility by exploring the effect of exposure to radiofrequency radiations on the male fertility pattern. From currently available studies it is clear that radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) have deleterious effects on sperm parameters (like sperm count, morphology, motility), affects the role of kinases in cellular metabolism and the endocrine system, and produces genotoxicity, genomic instability and oxidative stress. This is followed with protective measures for these radiations and future recommendations. The study concludes that the RF-EMF may induce oxidative stress with an increased level of reactive oxygen species, which may lead to infertility. This has been concluded based on available evidences from in vitro and in vivo studies suggesting that RF-EMF exposure negatively affects sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code X-11, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535 South Africa
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The effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation in a vertebrate host on the infection dynamics and transmission of avian malaria to the vector. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2043-2052. [PMID: 29744700 PMCID: PMC6006207 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Host susceptibility to parasites is likely to be influenced by intrinsic factors, such as host oxidative status determined by the balance between pro-oxidant production and antioxidant defences. As a result, host oxidative status acts as an environmental factor for parasites and may constrain parasite development. We evaluated the role of host oxidative status on infection dynamics of an avian malarial parasite by providing canaries (Serinus canaria) with an antioxidant supplementation composed of vitamin E (a lipophilic antioxidant) and olive oil, a source of monounsaturated fatty acids. Another group received a standard, non-supplemented food. Half of the birds in each group where then infected with the haemosporidian parasite, Plasmodium relictum. We monitored the parasitaemia, haematocrit level, and red cell membrane resistance, as well as the transmission success of the parasite to its mosquito vector, Culex pipiens. During the acute phase, the negative effect of the infection was more severe in the supplemented group, as shown by a lower haematocrit level. Parasitaemia was lower in the supplemented group during the chronic phase only. Mosquitoes fed on supplemented hosts were more often infected than mosquitoes fed on the control group. These results suggest that dietary antioxidant supplementation conferred protection against Plasmodium in the long term, at the expense of a short-term negative effect. Malaria parasites may take advantage of antioxidants, as shown by the increased transmission rate in the supplemented group. Overall, our results suggest an important role of oxidative status in infection outcome and parasite transmission.
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Rawool VW, Campbell C. Effectiveness of earmuffs in protecting hearing during shooting practice: a case-study. Int J Audiol 2018; 57:545-552. [PMID: 29490517 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2018.1441556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha W. Rawool
- Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Chelsea Campbell
- Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Schuh AK, Sheybani B, Jortzik E, Niemann B, Wilhelm J, Boening A, Becker K. Redox status of patients before cardiac surgery. Redox Rep 2017; 23:83-93. [PMID: 29257712 PMCID: PMC6748699 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2017.1418620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Redox regulation plays a crucial role in balancing the
cardiovascular system. In this prospective study we aimed to identify currently
unknown correlations valuable to cardiovascular research and patient
management. Methods: Blood samples from 500 patients were collected directly
before cardiosurgical interventions (Ethics Committee reference number 85/11).
Four central redox parameters were determined together with about 30 clinical,
anthropometric, and metabolic parameters. Results: Creatinine levels and pulmonary hypertension were
significant predictors of the total antioxidant status (TAOS) in the patients;
total glutathione levels were linked to C-peptide, and creatinine, gender, and
ventricular arrhythmia influenced nitrate/nitrite levels. Notably, significant
interactions were found between medication and redox parameters. Calcium channel
blockers (CCBs) were positive predictors of total glutathione levels, whereas
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and CCBs were negative predictors of
NOx levels. Age showed the highest correlation with the duration of the
intensive care stay, followed by NOx levels, creatinine, TAOS, and C-reactive
protein. Discussion: In this prospective study we determined multiple
correlations between redox markers and parameters linked to cardiovascular
diseases. The data point towards so far unknown interdependencies, particularly
between antihypertensive drugs and redox metabolism. A thorough follow-up to
these data has the potential to improve patient management. Abbreviations: A: absorption; ΔA: absorption difference; ABTS:
2,2′-azino-di(3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonate); ACE:
angiotensin-converting enzyme; AO: antioxidant; ARB: angiotensin receptor
blocker; BMI: body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease; CCB: calcium
channel blocker; CDC: coronary heart diseases; COPD: chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; CVD: cardiovascular diseases;
Cu-OOH: cumene hydroperoxide; D: dilution factor; DAN: 2,3-diaminonaphtalene;
DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; DTNB:
5,5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate); ϵ: extinction coefficient;
EDRF: endothelium-derived relaxing factor; fc: final concentration; GPx:
glutathione peroxidases; (h)GR: (human) glutathione reductase; GSH: (reduced)
glutathione; GSSG: glutathione disulfide; GST: glutathione-S-transferase; Hb:
hemoglobin; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; Hk: hematocrit;
H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; ICS: intensive care stay;
LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; MI: myocardial
infarction; NED: N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylendiamine-dihydrochloride;
NOS: nitric oxide synthase; NOx: nitrate/nitrite; NR: nitrate reductase; PBS:
phosphate buffered saline; PCA: principle component analysis; PH: pulmonary
hypertension; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RNS: reactive nitrogen species; RT:
room temperature (25°C); SA: sulfanilamide; SOD: superoxide dismutase; SSA:
sulfosalicylic acid; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; TAOS: total antioxidant
status; TEAC: trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity; TG: triglycerides; tGSH:
total glutathione; TNB-: 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate; U: unit; UV: ultraviolet; VA:
volume activity; Wc: working concentration; WHR: waist-hip ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Katharina Schuh
- a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center , Justus Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
| | - Babak Sheybani
- b Clinic for Heart, Pediatric Heart and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , UKGM , Giessen , Germany
| | - Esther Jortzik
- a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center , Justus Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
| | - Bernd Niemann
- b Clinic for Heart, Pediatric Heart and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , UKGM , Giessen , Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- c Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System , Justus Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
| | - Andreas Boening
- b Clinic for Heart, Pediatric Heart and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , UKGM , Giessen , Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center , Justus Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
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12
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Napierala M, Merritt TA, Mazela J, Jablecka K, Miechowicz I, Marszalek A, Florek E. The effect of tobacco smoke on oxytocin concentrations and selected oxidative stress parameters in plasma during pregnancy and post-partum - an experimental model. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 36:135-145. [PMID: 27009111 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116639363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking is a serious threat to life and health of society. Among the most vulnerable to the toxic effects of tobacco smoke are foetuses and newborns. The objective of the research was to assess the impact of tobacco smoke exposure on oxytocin levels and biochemical oxidative stress parameters during pregnancy and after birth in an experimental model. METHODS In the experiment, exposure to tobacco smoke of gravid and non-gravid rats was monitored. A reliable biomarker of exposure - cotinine - was used in the process and it was determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, which ensured high analytical accuracy and precision. Determination of oxytocin was performed by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of selected oxidative stress parameters: total protein concentration, uric acid, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, protein S-nitrosylation and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) were measured by spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The effect of prenatal and postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke was a lower medium body mass of rat foetuses and pups. Oxidative stress during pregnancy, additionally intensified by tobacco smoke exposure, led to adaptive changes in properties of plasmatic antioxidant barriers. Moreover, the disturbance of oxidoreductive balance by tobacco smoke affects oxytocin fluctuations, what was observed in this study during lactation period. Therefore, women who smoke may breastfeed their children less frequently and for a shorter period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Napierala
- 1 Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - T A Merritt
- 2 School of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - J Mazela
- 3 Department of Neonatal Infection, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - K Jablecka
- 1 Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - I Miechowicz
- 4 Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Marszalek
- 5 Department of Clinical Pathology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- 6 Department of Oncologic Pathology and Epidemiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - E Florek
- 1 Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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13
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Canella R, Martini M, Borriello R, Cavicchio C, Muresan XM, Benedusi M, Cervellati F, Valacchi G. Modulation of Chloride Currents in Human Lung Epithelial Cells Exposed to Exogenous Oxidative Stress. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1817-1825. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Canella
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Marta Martini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Roberta Borriello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Carlotta Cavicchio
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Ximena M. Muresan
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Mascia Benedusi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Franco Cervellati
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
- Department of Animal Science; North Carolina State University; PHHI NC Research Campus; Kannapolis North Carolina
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Delhaye J, Jenkins T, Christe P. Plasmodium infection and oxidative status in breeding great tits, Parus major. Malar J 2016; 15:531. [PMID: 27809847 PMCID: PMC5096287 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium parasites may affect the oxidative status of their hosts, defined as the balance of pro-oxidant compounds and antioxidant defences in an organism. An increased energy requirement, the activation of immune functions or the parasite itself may lead to a higher production of pro-oxidants and/or an antioxidant depletion resulting in a higher oxidative stress and associated damage in infected individuals. Relatively little is known about the mechanisms underlying oxidative processes at play during host-Plasmodium interaction in the wild. Methods The effect of Plasmodium infection on host oxidative status was investigated in wild populations of breeding great tits, Parus major, naturally infected by Plasmodium spp. When chicks were 14 days old, the parents were blood-sampled to measure four complementary oxidative status markers: pro-oxidant production as mitochondrial superoxide production in red blood cells (RBC), antioxidant defences as plasma antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage as reactive oxygen metabolites in the plasma and RBC membrane resistance to oxidative attack. Results Plasmodium-infected individuals produced more pro-oxidants compared to uninfected ones and pro-oxidant production positively correlated to infection intensity. There was also a conditional effect of reproductive effort on oxidative damage depending on Plasmodium infection status. There was no direct effect of infection on oxidative damage and no effect on antioxidant defences. Conclusions The results suggest that Plasmodium parasites may impose a cost in terms of increased oxidative stress possibly mediated via a higher energy requirement in infected hosts. This further suggests that Plasmodium parasites may modify host life history traits via an induction of oxidative stress. This study highlights that measuring several complementary oxidative status markers may enable to capture oxidative processes at play during host-Plasmodium interactions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1579-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Delhaye
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tania Jenkins
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Christe
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Tabari SSS, Babri S, Mirzaie F, Farajdokht F, Mohaddes G. Enduring amnesia induced by ICV scopolamine is reversed by sesame oil in male rats. Acta Cir Bras 2016; 31:520-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160080000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abacı ZT, Sevindik E, Ayvaz M. Comparative study of bioactive components in pear genotypes from Ardahan/Turkey. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1095654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Marri V, Richner H. Immune response, oxidative stress and dietary antioxidants in great tit nestlings. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 179:192-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pérez-Ramírez IF, Castaño-Tostado E, Ramírez-de León JA, Rocha-Guzmán NE, Reynoso-Camacho R. Effect of stevia and citric acid on the stability of phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic capacity of a roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) beverage. Food Chem 2014; 172:885-92. [PMID: 25442634 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant infusions are consumed due to their beneficial effects on health, which is attributed to their bioactive compounds content. However, these compounds are susceptible to degradation during processing and storage. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of stevia and citric acid on the stability of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzyme inhibitory activity of roselle beverages during storage. The optimum extraction conditions of roselle polyphenolic compounds was of 95 °C/60 min, which was obtained by a second order experimental design. The incorporation of stevia increased the stability of colour and some polyphenols, such as quercetin, gallic acid and rosmarinic acid, during storage. In addition, stevia decreased the loss of ABTS, DPPH scavenging activity and α-amylase inhibitory capacity, whereas the incorporation of citric acid showed no effect. These results may contribute to the improvement of technological processes for the elaboration of hypocaloric and functional beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iza F Pérez-Ramírez
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las campanas s/n, 76010 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Eduardo Castaño-Tostado
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las campanas s/n, 76010 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - José A Ramírez-de León
- Research and Graduate Studies Division, Dirección General de Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Centro Universitario, 87140 Cd. Victoria, Tam., Mexico
| | - Nuria E Rocha-Guzmán
- Research Group of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Rosalía Reynoso-Camacho
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las campanas s/n, 76010 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
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Zamora-Ros R, Serafini M, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Martínez-González MA, Salas-Salvadó J, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Arós F, Covas MI, Andres-Lacueva C. Mediterranean diet and non enzymatic antioxidant capacity in the PREDIMED study: evidence for a mechanism of antioxidant tuning. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:1167-1174. [PMID: 23484910 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The intake of antioxidant-rich foods may increase the blood levels of non enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC). NEAC takes into account all antioxidants from food and synergistic effects between them. We examined the effect of a 1-year intervention with Mediterranean diet on plasma NEAC and assessed whether it was related to baseline NEAC levels. METHODS AND RESULTS Five hundred sixty-four participants at high cardiovascular risk were randomly selected from the PREDIMED (Prevención con DIeta MEDiterránea) Study, a large 3-arm randomized clinical trial. Blood NEAC levels were measured at baseline and after 1-year of dietary intervention with 1) a Mediterranean diet supplemented with virgin olive oil (MED + VOO); 2) a Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts (MED + nuts), or 3) a control low-fat diet. Plasma NEAC was analyzed using FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant potential) and TRAP (total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter) assays. Plasma FRAP levels increased after 1-year of intervention with MED + VOO [72.0 μmol/L (95% CI, 34.2-109.9)] and MED + nuts [48.9 μmol/L (24.3-73.5)], but not after the control low-fat diet [13.9 μmol/L (-11.9 to 39.8)]. Participants in the lowest quartile of plasma FRAP at baseline significantly increased their levels after any intervention, while those in the highest quartile decreased. Similar results occurred with TRAP levels. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that a 1-year of MED diet intervention increases plasma TAC level in subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Moreover, the effectiveness of dietary supplementation with antioxidants may be related to baseline levels of plasma NEAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zamora-Ros
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Av/Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
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Simultaneous Effects of Exposure to Microwaves and Noise on Male Rats’ Sperm Parameters and Total Antioxidant Capacity. HEALTH SCOPE 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/jhs.8230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Daley T, Omoregie SN, Wright V, Omoruyi FO. Effects of phytic acid and exercise on some serum analytes in rats orally exposed to diets supplemented with cadmium. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 151:400-5. [PMID: 23238613 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental pollutant of increasing worldwide concern. It has been reported to be high in the soil where food crops are grown in some parishes of Jamaica. Surprisingly, no adverse effect of cadmium has been reported among the Jamaican population. However, phytic acid has also been shown to be high in some food crops grown in Jamaica. In this study, we evaluated the effects of phytic acid (1 %) and exercise on the metabolism of cadmium (5 mg cadmium/kg body weight) in rats. Five groups of rats were fed as follows: rats fed control diet, control diet supplemented with cadmium and subjected to exercise, control diet supplemented with phytic acid plus cadmium and subjected to exercise, control diet supplemented with cadmium plus phytic acid, and control diet supplemented with cadmium only. The animals were fed for 4 weeks and then sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for some biochemical assays. Percentage weight loss (28.42 %) was greatest in the group that had cadmium supplement only. The group fed control diet supplemented with cadmium only displayed increased liver enzymes and electrolytes except for the significant decrease in bicarbonate compared to other test groups. Similarly, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid were increased in the group fed cadmium supplement only compared to other test groups. Total cholesterol trended downwards in the test groups compared to control. These observations suggest that consumption of diet high in phytic acid with relatively high physical activity may be protective against the adverse effects of cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha Daley
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville, Jamaica
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Anacardic acids from cashew nuts ameliorate lung damage induced by exposure to diesel exhaust particles in mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:549879. [PMID: 23533495 PMCID: PMC3600199 DOI: 10.1155/2013/549879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Anacardic acids from cashew nut shell liquid, a Brazilian natural substance, have antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and modulate immune responses and angiogenesis. As inflammatory lung diseases have been correlated to environmental pollutants exposure and no reports addressing the effects of dietary supplementation with anacardic acids on lung inflammation in vivo have been evidenced, we investigated the effects of supplementation with anacardic acids in a model of diesel exhaust particle- (DEP-) induced lung inflammation. BALB/c mice received an intranasal instillation of 50 μg of DEP for 20 days. Ten days prior to DEP instillation, animals were pretreated orally with 50, 150, or 250 mg/kg of anacardic acids or vehicle (100 μL of cashew nut oil) for 30 days. The biomarkers of inflammatory and antioxidant responses in the alveolar parenchyma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and pulmonary vessels were investigated. All doses of anacardic acids ameliorated antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased vascular adhesion molecule in vessels. Animals that received 50 mg/kg of anacardic acids showed decreased levels of neutrophils and tumor necrosis factor in the lungs and BALF, respectively. In summary, we demonstrated that AAs supplementation has a potential protective role on oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms in the lungs.
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Ghanbari M, Mortazavi SB, Khavanin A, Khazaei M. Simultaneous Effects of Exposure to Microwaves and Noise on Male Rats’ Sperm Parameters and Total Antioxidant Capacity. HEALTH SCOPE 2013. [DOI: 10.17795/jhealthscope-8230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Prokopowicz A, Sobczak A, Szuła M, Anczyk E, Kurek J, Olszowy Z, Radek M, Pawlas N, Ochota P, Szołtysek-Bołdys I. Effect of occupational lead exposure on α- and γ-tocopherol concentration in plasma. Occup Environ Med 2013; 70:365-71. [PMID: 23378446 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2012-100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Changes in enzymatic antioxidant activity are frequently observed in workers occupationally exposed to lead. Few studies have investigated the influence of lead on the non-enzymatic antioxidant system. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of occupational exposure to lead on the plasma concentration of two hydrophobic forms of vitamin E: α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol. METHODS A sample of 401 healthy men, aged 19-62, participated in the study. In total, 340 of these subjects were employed at the Mine and Metallurgical Plant in southern Poland. The workers who were occupationally exposed to lead were divided into quartiles (groups of 85 subjects). The lead concentrations in the blood of the subjects in the control group and in the lead exposure quartiles correspond to the following ranges: 10-72 μg/l (control group); 82-206 μg/l (Q1); 209-308 μg/l (Q2); 308-394 μg/l (Q3) and 395-644 μg/l (Q4), respectively. RESULTS Significant differences were observed only for the plasma concentration of γ-tocopherol, which differed between the control group and Q1 (by 24.1%, p=0.0368), between Q1 and Q3 (by -18.8%, p=0.0115) and between Q1 and Q4 (by -25.7%, p=0.0002). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the statistically significant, predictive properties of the γ-tocopherol plasma concentration were as follows: triglycerides (β=0.440)> age (β=0.131)> whole cholesterol (β=0.117)> blood lead concentration (β=-0.108). For α-tocopherol, significant prognostic properties were triglycerides and total cholesterol (β=0.485 and β=0.399, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Occupational exposure to lead is strongly correlated with the concentration of γ-tocopherol but not α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Prokopowicz
- Department of Chemical Hazards and Genetic Toxicology, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Lima MCD, Marks G, Silva IS, Silva BAKD, Cônsolo LZZ, Nogueira GB. Evaluation of oxidative stress in mice subjected to aerobic exercise. Acta Cir Bras 2012; 27:544-51. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502012000800005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of aerobic exercise on oxidative stress in mice. METHODS: The study included twenty female mice Mus musculus-Swiss divided into two groups: sedentary control (GA) and exercise (GB), each containing ten animals. All animals underwent an adaptation period of seven days isolated in individual boxes. After this period, the animals in the exercise group (GB) were trained in angled running wheel with circumference of 25 cm assembled on an articulated axle during five minutes for three consecutive days. On the fourth day, they underwent an exercise program of one session lasting 45 minutes. The evaluation of oxidative stress was performed by determining the levels of malondialhyde derived of lipid peroxidation by the TBA method. The samples were read in a spectrophotometer at 535 nm. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in the intergroup comparison of MDA levels in the tissues evaluated. A significant difference was observed in the intragroup comparison of MDA levels in the control group (p = 0.0201).The Tukeys' post hoc test indicated significantly lower values of MDA in the smooth muscle in relation to plasma. In the analysis of variance in the exercise group, a significant difference between tissues (p = 0.0009), with significantly lower values in the smooth muscle in relation to plasma (p<0.001) and higher in striated muscle in relation to smooth muscle (p<0.05) was observed. CONCLUSION: There was no change in the analysis of oxidative stress in mice which were undergone a single session of aerobic exercise.
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High-dose testosterone propionate treatment reverses the effects of endurance training on myocardial antioxidant defenses in adolescent male rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2012; 11:118-27. [PMID: 21312070 PMCID: PMC3085793 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluation of changes in activities of selected antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) and contents of key nonenzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, protein thiol groups, and α- and γ-tocopherols) in the left heart ventricle of young male Wistar rats subjected to endurance training (treadmill running, 1 h daily, 5 days a week, for 6 weeks) or/and testosterone propionate treatment (8 or 80 mg/kg body weight, intramuscularly, once a week, for 6 weeks) during adolescence. The training alone increased the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, but lowered the pool of nonenzymatic antioxidants and enhanced myocardial oxidative stress as evidenced by elevation of the lipid peroxidation biomarker malondialdehyde. The lower-dose testosterone treatment showed mixed effects on the individual components of the antioxidant defense system, but markedly enhanced lipid peroxidation. The higher-dose testosterone treatment decreased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, lowered the contents of the nonenzymatic antioxidants, except for that of γ-tocopherol, reversed the effect of endurance training on the antioxidant enzymes activities, and enhanced lipid peroxidation more than the lower-dose treatment. These data demonstrate the potential risk to cardiac health from exogenous androgen use, either alone or in combination with endurance training, in adolescents.
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McClean CM, Clegg M, Shafat A, Murphy MH, Trinick T, Duly E, McLaughlin J, Fogarty M, Davison GW. The Impact of Acute Moderate Intensity Exercise on Arterial Regional Stiffness, Lipid Peroxidation, and Antioxidant Status in Healthy Males. Res Sports Med 2011; 19:1-13. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2011.534963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conor M. McClean
- a Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute , University of Ulster , Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Miriam Clegg
- b Functional Food Centre, Oxford Brookes University
| | - Amir Shafat
- c Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Marie H. Murphy
- a Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute , University of Ulster , Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Tom Trinick
- d Ulster Hospital , Dundonald, Northern Ireland
| | - Ellie Duly
- d Ulster Hospital , Dundonald, Northern Ireland
| | - James McLaughlin
- e Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Research Institute , University of Ulster , Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Mark Fogarty
- a Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute , University of Ulster , Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Gareth W. Davison
- a Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute , University of Ulster , Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Singh VK, Pattanaik AK, Sharma K, Saini M. Effect of dietary energy intake on erythrocytic antioxidant defence in growing lambs fed a wheat straw-based diet. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/an10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four Muzaffarnagari lambs (~8 months, 26.56 ± 2.04 kg), consisting 12 each of male and female, were used for ascertaining the effect of dietary energy restriction on the erythrocytic antioxidant defence including lipid peroxidation. The lambs, allotted randomly into three equal groups, were fed on wheat straw-based diets to provide 100, 80 and 70% of calculated metabolisable energy (ME) requirements. Bodyweight gain and feed intake were recorded. Blood samples were collected at the start and thereafter at 60-day intervals during 180 days of experimental duration and analysed for malonyl dialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total thiol groups in addition to catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione S-transferase. Dietary treatments imparted significant (P < 0.001) effects on feed intake and average daily gain. The haemoglobin and haematocrit contents in blood reduced significantly (P < 0.001) on reduction in dietary energy levels. The dietary alterations elicited no change in the activities of SOD, catalase and glutathione S-transferase, but reduced activities of GSH-Px (P < 0.001) and GSH (P = 0.133) were evident on feeding the diet with 70% ME. Concentrations of total thiols decreased (P < 0.001) with reduced energy level. Both the energy-restricted groups exhibited a significant (P < 0.001) increase in MDA, indicative of increased lipid peroxidation. It was concluded that long-term energy malnutrition on a wheat straw-based diet reduces the erythrocytic antioxidant defence in growing lambs.
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Gallo C, Renzi P, Loizzo S, Loizzo A, Piacente S, Festa M, Caputo M, Tecce MF, Capasso A. Potential therapeutic effects of vitamin e and C on placental oxidative stress induced by nicotine: an in vitro evidence. Open Biochem J 2010; 4:77-82. [PMID: 20676222 PMCID: PMC2911599 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01004010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been a few studies that examined the oxidative stress effects of nicotine during pregnancy and lactation. The adverse effect of prenatal smoking exposure on human fetal development and growth has been a major public health issue. Active or passive smoking during pregnancy can result in a wide variety of adverse outcomes, including intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), prematurity, stillbirth, and the sudden infant death syndrome. Smoking in pregnancy has also been associated with an increased risk of attention deficit and learning problems in childhood. Some studies argued that as a principal component of tobacco smoke, nicotine alone is responsible for the majority of negative reproductive outcomes. Nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine can cross the placental barrier. The level of nicotine in fetal tissues was found to be equal to or greater than the plasma nicotine level in the mothers. The oxidative stress induce by nicotine has been increasingly postulated as a major contributor to endothelial dysfunction. A large body of research has investigated the potential role of antioxidant nutrients in the prevention of endothelial dysfunction in women. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the potential benefit of antioxidant supplementation on markers of placental oxidative stress in an in vitro model of endothelial dysfunction induced by nicotine, since it was previously found that nicotine is able to trigger the placental secretion of stress molecules. In this regard, we evaluated the effects of vitamin C, vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), alone or in combination, in placental villi culture after exposure to nicotine. The effect of antioxidant nutrients on trophoblast cells proliferation and vitality was also evaluated. The results obtained suggest that in a patho-physiological condition, such as endothelial dysfunction induced by nicotine, the deleterious effect of reactive oxygen species may be counteracted by an antioxidant therapy, and there is the need to investigate the optimum dosing and timing of antioxidants administration, since an inappropriate antioxidant treatment in pregnant women may have deleterious consequences, reducing placental cells proliferation until to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gallo
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Universita' di Roma "La Sapienza" Via dei Marsi 78, (00185) Roma
| | - Paolo Renzi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Universita' di Roma "La Sapienza" Via dei Marsi 78, (00185) Roma
| | - Stefano Loizzo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299 (00161) Roma
| | - Alberto Loizzo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299 (00161) Roma
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Dipartimento di Science Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo (84084), Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Michela Festa
- Dipartimento di Science Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo (84084), Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mariella Caputo
- Dipartimento di Science Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo (84084), Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mario Felice Tecce
- Dipartimento di Science Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo (84084), Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Capasso
- Dipartimento di Science Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo (84084), Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Bae S, Pan XC, Kim SY, Park K, Kim YH, Kim H, Hong YC. Exposures to particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxidative stress in schoolchildren. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:579-83. [PMID: 20368125 PMCID: PMC2854738 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is known to contribute to respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the main mechanisms for these effects on health. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of exposure to particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameters < or = 10 microm (PM10) and < or = 2.5 microm (PM2.5) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in schoolchildren. METHODS The study population consisted of 120 schoolchildren. The survey and measurements were conducted in four cities--two in China (Ala Shan and Beijing) and two in Korea (Jeju and Seoul)--between 4 and 9 June 2007. We measured daily ambient levels of PM and their metal components at the selected schools during the study period. We also measured urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 2-naphthol, to assess PAH exposure, and MDA, to assess oxidative stress. Measurements were conducted once a day for 5 consecutive days. We constructed a linear mixed model after adjusting for individual variables to estimate the effects of PM and PAH on oxidative stress. RESULTS We found statistically significant increases in urinary MDA levels with ambient PM concentrations from the current day to the 2 previous days (p < 0.0001). Urinary 1-OHP level also showed a positive association with urinary MDA level, which was statistically significant with or without PM in the model (p < 0.05). Outdoor PM and urinary 1-OHP were synergistically associated with urinary MDA levels. Some metals bound to PM10 (aluminum, iron, strontium, magnesium, silicon, arsenic, barium, zinc, copper, and cadmium) and PM2.5 (magnesium, iron, strontium, arsenic, cadmium, zinc, aluminum, mercury, barium, and copper) also had significant associations with urinary MDA level. CONCLUSION Exposure to PM air pollution and PAHs was associated with oxidative stress in schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiao-Chuan Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Young Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Kwangsik Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Address correspondence to Y.-C. Hong, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongrogu, Seoul, 110-44, Republic of Korea. Telephone: 82-2-740-8394. Fax: 82-2-747-4830. E-mail:
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Vitamin E. Antioxidants (Basel) 2010. [DOI: 10.1201/9781439822173.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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Mu C, Zhao J, Wang L, Song L, Zhang H, Li C, Qiu L, Gai Y. Molecular cloning and characterization of peroxiredoxin 6 from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 26:821-827. [PMID: 18992822 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin is a superfamily of antioxidative proteins that play important roles in protecting organisms against the toxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, the full-length cDNA encoding peroxiredoxin 6 (designated EsPrx6) was cloned from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches. The full-length cDNA of EsPrx6 was of 1076 bp, containing a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 69 bp, a 3' UTR of 347 bp with a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 660 bp encoding a polypeptide of 219 amino acids with the predicted molecular weight of 24 kDa. The conserved Prx domain, AhpC domain and the signature of peroxidase catalytic center identified in EsPrx6 strongly suggested that EsPrx6 belonged to the 1-Cys Prx subgroup. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was employed to assess the mRNA expression of EsPrx6 in various tissues and its temporal expression in haemocytes of crabs challenged with Listonella anguillarum. The mRNA transcript of EsPrx6 could be detected in all the examined tissues with highest expression level in hepatopancreas. The expression level of EsPrx6 in haemocytes was down-regulated after bacterial challenge and significantly decreased compared to the control group at 12h. As time progressed, the expression level began to increase but did not recover to the original level during the experiment. The results suggested the involvement of EsPrx6 in responses against bacterial infection and further highlighted its functional importance in the immune system of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkao Mu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Kłapcińska B, Sadowska-Krepa E, Jagsz S, Sobczak A, Zendzian-Piotrowska M, Górski J, Langfort J. Short-term effects of electrically induced tachycardia on antioxidant defenses in the normal and hypertrophied rat left ventricle. J Physiol Sci 2009; 59:199-206. [PMID: 19340539 PMCID: PMC10717836 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-009-0026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress resulting from enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and/or inadequate mechanisms of antioxidant defenses has been recognized as an important factor contributing to the initiation and progression of cardiac dysfunction under a wide variety of pathophysiological conditions. The main objective of this study was to examine the effect of electrically induced tachycardia on oxidative stress and the capacity of antioxidant defenses in the normal and hypertrophied left ventricle (LV) in the rat. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was produced by banding the descending abdominal aorta. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants, and biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured in the LV of aortic-banded animals (LVH), untreated or banded rats subjected to short-term (45 min) atrial pacing [(CTR + S) and (LVH + S), respectively], and untreated (CTR) or sham-operated (SHAM) controls. The results indicate that the increase in heart rate in vivo as a result of atrial pacing to a maximum level, independent of sympathetic nerve activity, leads to a substantial increase in oxidative stress and a marked decline in the activities of antioxidant enzymes in both the normal and hypertrophied left ventricle of the rat. The accompanying increase in tissue content of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols seem to contribute to attenuation of the oxidant stress-related loss of thiol stores in the LV. Stable left ventricular hypertrophy induced by aortic banding for six weeks has a minor impact on the capacity of the endogenous antioxidant defense system in the LV, but significantly and negatively affects the ability of the heart LV to tolerate the stress of tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kłapcińska
- Department of Physiological and Medical Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 72A Mikołowska Str, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.
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Wang T, Chen M, Yan YE, Xiao FQ, Pan XL, Wang H. Growth retardation of fetal rats exposed to nicotine in utero: possible involvement of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and P-glycoprotein. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2009; 24:33-42. [PMID: 18442069 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the possible metabolic mechanism of intrauterine growth retardation induced by nicotine, this study determines the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on fetal development and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), CYP2E1, and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression in maternal liver and placenta. Pregnant rats were given 1.0 mg/kg nicotine subcutaneously twice a day from gestational day (GD) 8 to GD 15, 18, or 21. In nicotine-treated groups, fetal developmental parameters including body weight were significantly lower. The activities of CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 in maternal liver microsomes in nicotine-treated groups increased significantly with progressing gestation when compared with the corresponding control, but returned to the level similar to the control in late pregnancy. Nicotine-treated groups induced pathological changes and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the placenta when compared with the control. The gene expressions of CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 in the placenta increased significantly in nicotine-treated groups on GD 15 and GD 18, but returned to the level similar to the corresponding control on GD 21. In nicotine group, there was a decrease of mdr1a expression on GD 15, GD 18, and GD 21, with the most significant decrease on GD 15. In contrast, no significant difference was found in mdr1b mRNA expression between the nicotine-treated animals and the corresponding control. In comparison with the corresponding control, the placental Pgp protein significantly decreased on GD 15 and GD 18. Our results showed that prenatal nicotine exposure resulted in inhibition of fetal growth significantly. The induction of CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 gene expression by nicotine in the maternal liver and placenta may be involved with the observed increase in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The inhibition of the placental Pgp expression by nicotine may also contribute to an increased susceptibility of the fetus to environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Changes of antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds during storage of selected fruits. J Food Compost Anal 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rautiainen S, Serafini M, Morgenstern R, Prior RL, Wolk A. The validity and reproducibility of food-frequency questionnaire-based total antioxidant capacity estimates in Swedish women. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87:1247-53. [PMID: 18469246 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) provides an assessment of antioxidant activity and synergistic interactions of redox molecules in foods and plasma. OBJECTIVE We investigated the validity and reproducibility of food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ)-based TAC estimates assessed by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameters (TRAP), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) food values. DESIGN Validity and reproducibility were evaluated in 2 random samples from the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Validity was studied by comparing FFQ-based TAC estimates with one measurement of plasma TAC in 108 women (54-73-y-old dietary supplement nonusers). Reproducibility was studied in 300 women (56-75 y old, 50.7% dietary supplement nonusers) who completed 2 FFQs 1 y apart. RESULTS Fruit and vegetables (mainly apples, pears, oranges, and berries) were the major contributors to FFQ-based ORAC (56.5%), TRAP (41.7%), and FRAP (38.0%) estimates. In the validity study, whole plasma ORAC was correlated (Pearson) with FFQ-based ORAC (r = 0.35), TRAP (r = 0.31), and FRAP (r = 0.28) estimates from fruit and vegetables. Correlations between lipophilic plasma ORAC and FFQ-based ORAC, TRAP, and FRAP estimates from fruit and vegetables were 0.41, 0.31, and 0.28, and correlations with plasma TRAP estimates were 0.31, 0.30, and 0.28, respectively. Hydrophilic plasma ORAC and plasma FRAP values did not correlate with FFQ-based TAC estimates. Reproducibility, assessed by intraclass correlations, was 0.60, 0.61, and 0.61 for FFQ-based ORAC, TRAP, and FRAP estimates, respectively, from fruit and vegetables. CONCLUSIONS FFQ-based TAC values represent valid and reproducible estimates that may be used in nutritional epidemiology to assess antioxidant intake from foods. Further studies in other populations to confirm these results are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rautiainen
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kłapcińska B, Jagsz S, Sadowska-Krepa E, Górski J, Kempa K, Langfort J. Effects of castration and testosterone replacement on the antioxidant defense system in rat left ventricle. J Physiol Sci 2008; 58:173-7. [PMID: 18445310 DOI: 10.2170/physiolsci.rp002208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There is strong evidence that oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of several cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, the presence of specific receptors for androgens and estrogens in the myocardium implies that sex hormones play a physiological role in cardiac function, myocardial injury, and the regulation of the redox state in the heart. The present study was designed to determine whether castration and androgen replacement result in changes in the capacity of the antioxidant defense system in the left ventricle (LV) of adult male rats. To assess this, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPX], catalase [CAT], and glutathione reductase [GR]), concentrations of nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione [GSH] and alpha- and gamma-tocopherols), and oxidative stress biomarkers (tissue sulfhydryl groups, protein nitrotyrosine levels, and lipid peroxidation) were measured in castrated animals (CAS), castrates replaced with testosterone (CAS+T), and sham-operated controls (Sham). Testosterone was not detectable in serum from gonadectomized rats. The results indicate that castration significantly and negatively affected the antioxidant status of rat LV, as evidenced by a significant decline in activities of all antioxidant enzymes, by a tendency toward lower levels of GSH and protein thiol groups, and by enhanced lipid peroxidation and higher nitrotyrosine concentrations in left ventricular tissue. Increases in LV tissue concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols seem to be a compensatory response to enhanced oxidative stress induced by gonadectomy. The reestablishment of physiological serum testosterone level by androgen replacement resulted in a tendency toward a further decrease in the antioxidant defense status in the LV tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kłapcińska
- Department of Physiological and Medical Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
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Parihar A, Parihar MS, Milner S, Bhat S. Oxidative stress and anti-oxidative mobilization in burn injury. Burns 2008; 34:6-17. [PMID: 17905515 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A severe burn is associated with release of inflammatory mediators which ultimately cause local and distant pathophysiological effects. Mediators including Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) are increased in affected tissue, which are implicated in pathophysiological events observed in burn patients. The purpose of this article is to understand the role of oxidative stress in burns, in order to develop therapeutic strategies. All peer-reviewed, original and review articles published in the English language literature relevant to the topic of oxidative stress in burns in animals and human subjects were selected for this review and the possible roles of ROS and RNS in the pathophysiology of burns are discussed. Both increased xanthine oxidase and neutrophil activation appear to be the oxidant sources in burns. Free radicals have been found to have beneficial effects on antimicrobial action and wound healing. However following a burn, there is an enormous production of ROS which is harmful and implicated in inflammation, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, immunosuppression, infection and sepsis, tissue damage and multiple organ failure. Thus clinical response to burn is dependent on the balance between production of free radicals and its detoxification. Supplementation of antioxidants in human and animal models has proven benefit in decreasing distant organ failure suggesting a cause and effect relationship. We conclude that oxidative damage is one of the mechanisms responsible for the local and distant pathophysiological events observed after burn, and therefore anti-oxidant therapy might be beneficial in minimizing injury in burned patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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Oxidized vitamin E and glutathione as markers of clinical status in asthma. Clin Nutr 2008; 27:579-86. [PMID: 18234400 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Antioxidant status is disturbed in asthma. Measurement of both oxidized and reduced forms of antioxidants provides important information regarding the oxidant/antioxidant balance. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of key antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol and glutathione) in asthma, by measuring the oxidized and reduced forms, in the airways (induced sputum) and systemically (peripheral blood). METHODS This cross-sectional study examines stable asthmatics (n=44) and healthy controls (n=31) recruited through John Hunter Hospital, NSW, Australia. We collected peripheral blood and induced sputum during hypertonic saline challenge. Alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopherol quinone were measured by HPLC. Total glutathione and glutathione disulfide were determined by a colorimetric assay. RESULTS Plasma alpha-tocopherol was low in asthma versus controls. Subjects with asthma had higher levels of whole blood alpha-tocopherol quinone and %alpha-tocopherol quinone than controls and %alpha-tocopherol quinone correlated with asthma control (p=0.009). Sputum supernatant levels of total, reduced and oxidized glutathione were elevated in asthma versus controls. Oxidized glutathione in sputum supernatant negatively correlated with FEV(1)/FVC% (p=0.029). CONCLUSIONS In asthma, both systemic and airway antioxidant defences are disturbed. Oxidized forms of alpha-tocopherol and glutathione are associated with clinical asthma outcomes, and should be further investigated as a tool for monitoring asthma.
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Abstract
Nutritional deficiency may be the cause of a genuine optic neuropathy, sometimes associated with involvement of the peripheral nervous system. Nutritional optic neuropathies are usually bilateral, painless, chronic, insidious and slowly progressive. Most often, they present as a non-specific retrobulbar optic neuropathy. The differential diagnosis with other causes of optic nerve involvement, in particular of toxic origin, may be particularly difficult. Nutritional deficits are often associated with toxic effects from alcohol and tobacco; therefore, the separation of the nutritional and toxic components is often illusory and artificial. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in nutritional -- and toxic -- optic neuropathies affect biochemical pathways involved in cell energetic production, correction of oxidative stress and quenching of free radicals. The recognition of these mechanisms could provide future therapeutic alternatives. Currently, the treatment is limited to the intensive use of vitamins with variable results in individual cases, and to the implementation of preventive measures, when feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Orssaud
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 20, Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.
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Bradley R, Oberg EB, Calabrese C, Standish LJ. Algorithm for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practice and Research in Type 2 Diabetes. J Altern Complement Med 2007; 13:159-75. [PMID: 17309390 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2006.6207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a model to direct the prescription of nutritional and botanical medicines in the treatment of type 2 diabetes for both clinical and research purposes. METHODS Available literature on nutritional and botanical medicines was reviewed and categorized as follows: antioxidant/anti-inflammatory; insulin sensitizer; and beta-cell protectant/insulin secretagogue. Literature describing laboratory assessment for glycemic control, insulin resistance, and beta-cell reserve was also reviewed and a clinical decision tree was developed. RESULTS Clinical algorithms were created to guide the use of nutritional and botanic medicines using validated laboratory measures of glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and beta-cell reserve. Nutrient and botanic medicines with clinical trial research support include coenzyme Q10, carnitine, alpha-lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, chromium, vanadium, omega-3 fatty acids, cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and gymnema (Gymnema sylvestre). CONCLUSIONS Clinical algorithms can direct supplementation in clinical practice and provide research models for clinical investigation. Algorithms also provide a framework for integration of future evidence as it becomes available. Research funding to investigate potentially beneficial practices in complementary medicine is critically important for optimal patient care and safety.
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Vincent HK, Bourguignon CM, Vincent KR, Weltman AL, Bryant M, Taylor AG. Antioxidant supplementation lowers exercise-induced oxidative stress in young overweight adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14:2224-35. [PMID: 17189550 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2006.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether antioxidant (AOX) supplementation attenuates post-exercise oxidative stress and contributors to oxidative stress (inflammation, blood lipids) in overweight young adults. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES This was a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Overweight (BMI, 33.2 +/- 1.9 kg/m(2)) and comparative normal-weight (BMI, 21.9 +/- 0.5 kg/m(2)) adults 18 to 30 years old (total N = 48) were enrolled. Participants received either daily antioxidant (AOX) treatment (800 IU of vitamin E, 500 mg of vitamin C, 10 mg of beta-carotene) or placebo (PL) for 8 weeks for a total of four groups. All participants completed a standardized 30-minute cycle exercise bout at baseline and 8 weeks. Exercise-induced changes in lipid hydroperoxide (DeltaPEROX), C-reactive protein (DeltaCRP), interleukin-6 (DeltaIL-6), cholesterol subfractions, triglycerides, total AOX status (DeltaTAS), and adiponectin were assessed. RESULTS Exercise-induced DeltaPEROX was lower in the overweight-AOX group (0.09 nM/kg per min) compared with PL-treated overweight and normal-weight groups (0.98, 0.53 nM/kg per min) by 8 weeks (p < 0.05). Adiponectin was increased in both overweight and normal-weight AOX groups (22.1% vs. 3.1%; p < 0.05) but reduced in PL groups. DeltaIL-6, Deltatotal cholesterol, and Deltalow-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations during exercise were lower in the AOX-treated groups compared with PL groups (all p < 0.05). After controlling for BMI, the Deltatotal cholesterol, Deltalow-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, Deltaadiponectin, and DeltaTAS explained 59.1% of the variance of the regression model of the DeltaPEROX by 8 weeks (total model R(2) = 0.600; p = 0.015). DISCUSSION AOX lowers exercise-induced oxidative stress in overweight adults. Inflammatory and lipid markers may also be attenuated with AOX. Further studies are needed to determine whether AOX may be used in cardiovascular disease prevention in the overweight population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Vincent
- Center for the Study of Complementary and Alternative Therapies, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0905, USA.
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A pecan-enriched diet increases γ-tocopherol/cholesterol and decreases thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in plasma of adults. Nutr Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mandrioli J, Del Rio D, Zini A, Nichelli P, Merelli E, Beltrami D, Cesari C, Pellegrini N, Brighenti F, Sola P. Total antioxidant capacity of cerebrospinal fluid is decreased in patients with motor neuron disease. Neurosci Lett 2006; 401:203-8. [PMID: 16600498 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been associated with motor neuron disease (MND). The human body has several antioxidant defense systems to repair the damage caused by oxidative stress. The activity of these systems is thought to be reduced in neurodegenerative diseases, which may increase the level of oxidative damage and be a contributing factor to motor neuron death. In the present study, we compared the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of human serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MND patients with that of a control group including patients with migraine, tension headache and psychiatric disorders. Within-subject serum and CSF TAC were strongly correlated (r=0.639; p=0.000), and CSF TAC was significantly lower in MND patients as compared to controls after adjustment for known influencing factors (112.7 micromol Fe/L+/-11.7 versus 135.2 micromol Fe/L+/-19.7; p=0.012). No differences in serum or CSF TAC were observed among the clinical forms of MND considered in this work. In conclusion, the CSF TAC was strongly correlated with serum TAC, and a decrease in CSF TAC was demonstrated in MND patients compared to controls that was not independent from serum antioxidants, this translating in a systemic (but prevailing in the CNS) oxidative damage in this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mandrioli
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Nuovo Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense, Via Giardini 1355, 41100 Modena, Italy
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Bader N, Bosy-Westphal A, Koch A, Mueller MJ. Influence of Vitamin C and E Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Induced by Hyperbaric Oxygen in Healthy Men. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2006; 50:173-6. [PMID: 16407642 DOI: 10.1159/000090737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of a 4-week vitamin C and E supplementation on oxidative stress induced by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). METHODS 19 healthy men were exposed to 3 sequential protocols, i.e. HBO (100% O2, 2.4 bar, 131 min) before (T1) and after 4 weeks of daily supplementation with 500 mg slow-release vitamin C and 272 IU vitamin E (T2). A normoatmospheric protocol (21% O2, 1.0 bar, 131 min) served as control treatment (nonexposed). Blood samples were taken before (B) and immediately after (A) treatment. Plasma levels of vitamin A, C, E, beta-carotene, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde were measured by HPLC. Antioxidative capacity and lipid peroxides in plasma were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS HBO decreased vitamin C and antioxidative capacity (T1). At T1, Delta A - B of vitamin C and lipid peroxides was different from nonexposed. Vitamin supplementation increased plasma levels of vitamin C and E by 28 and 37%, respectively. Vitamin supplementation led to decreased concentrations of lipid peroxides and reduced glutathione. After supplementation, HBO decreased vitamin C and reduced glutathione. At T2, Delta A - B of vitamin C and lipid peroxides was significantly different from nonexposed. CONCLUSION In humans, oxidative stress decreased plasma levels of vitamin C and antioxidative capacity and increased plasma lipid peroxides. Supplementation with vitamin C and E did not prevent these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Bader
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Jedlinska-Krakowska M, Bomba G, Jakubowski K, Rotkiewicz T, Jana B, Penkowski A. Impact of oxidative stress and supplementation with vitamins E and C on testes morphology in rats. J Reprod Dev 2006; 52:203-9. [PMID: 16394623 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.17028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to verify whether an increased supply of vitamins E and C prevents the detrimental effects of ozone on the testes. The experiment was performed on 5-month-old rats exposed to ozone (0.5 ppm) for 50 days (5 h daily). Simultaneously, the animals were injected with the vitamins in 5-day intervals and at different doses (0.5, 1.5, 4.5, 5 and 15 mg of vitamin E; 0.5, 3, 9, and 50 mg of vitamin C; or both vitamins together, respectively). Gonad sections were PAS stained. In the ozonized males, depletion of germ cells occurred. In the vitamin E groups, the testes were comparable to the controls, excluding the 0.5-mg-dose vitamin E group in which perivascular fibrosis and intertubular hyalinization were observed. In the vitamin C groups, intertubular hyalinization, partial arrested spermatogenesis, and desquamation of the seminiferous epithelium appeared proportional to the vitamin dose. Additionally, premature spermiation was found at a vitamin C dose of 50-mg. In the rats injected with both vitamins, hyalinization and fibrosis appeared in addition to partial arrest of spermatogenesis and vacuolar degeneration. In conclusion, vitamin E protects against the detrimental effects of ozone in rat testes irrespective of the dose applied. This was not observed for vitamin C. Moreover, administration of higher doses of vitamin C intensified the damage to the testes caused by ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jedlinska-Krakowska
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
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Lee ES, Smith WE, Quach HT, Jones BD, Santilli SM, Vatassery GT. Moderate hyperoxia (40%) increases antioxidant levels in mouse tissue. J Surg Res 2005; 127:80-4. [PMID: 15921701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2004] [Revised: 01/28/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxygen is routinely administered to patients to improve clinical outcome. Since studies have shown that administering 100% oxygen can cause unwanted side effects, intermediate concentrations of 40% oxygen are used in clinical practice. In this study, we examined whether the breathing of 40% oxygen causes beneficial effects upon tissue levels of antioxidants such as vitamin E, vitamin C, and glutathione. METHODS Four-month-old mice were separated into two groups: control (n = 11) and experimental (n = 11). The treatment group was administered 40% oxygen for 10 days. Brain, heart, lung, liver, testes, and skeletal muscle were harvested and tissue antioxidant levels were determined by HPLC. RESULTS Vitamin E concentrations were higher in brain, heart, lung, liver, and testes of the treatment group (P < 0.05). Glutathione concentrations were higher in the lung tissue only (P < 0.05). No differences were found in vitamin C levels. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that mice respond to oxidative stress by increasing tissue vitamin E incorporation and cellular synthesis of glutathione in the lung when exposed to moderate levels (40%) of hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene S Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.
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Serafini M, Del Rio D. Understanding the association between dietary antioxidants, redox status and disease: is the Total Antioxidant Capacity the right tool? Redox Rep 2005; 9:145-52. [PMID: 15327744 DOI: 10.1179/135100004225004814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) considers the cumulative action of all the antioxidants present in plasma and body fluids, thus providing an integrated parameter rather than the simple sum of measurable antioxidants. The capacity of known and unknown antioxidants and their synergistic interaction is, therefore, assessed, thus giving an insight into the delicate balance in vivo between oxidants and antioxidants. There is new evidence indicating the importance of understanding the mechanisms of the homeostatic control of TAC in plasma and tissues and its modification during oxidative stress development. Recently, the epidemiological application of TAC has been proposed as a new tool for investigating the relationship between dietary antioxidants and cancer risk in population studies. This review outlines the pros and cons of the more common assays for measuring plasma TAC and the latest findings on dietary modulation of plasma redox status. Finally, the feasibility of the 'TAC concept' as an innovative tool for investigating the association between diet and oxidative stress is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Serafini
- Antioxidant Research Laboratory, Unit of Human Nutrition, National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, Rome, Italy.
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