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Gulberti A, Schneider TR, Galindo-Leon EE, Heise M, Pino A, Westphal M, Hamel W, Buhmann C, Zittel S, Gerloff C, Pötter-Nerger M, Engel AK, Moll CKE. Premotor cortical beta synchronization and the network neuromodulation of externally paced finger tapping in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 197:106529. [PMID: 38740349 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the disruption of repetitive, concurrent and sequential motor actions due to compromised timing-functions principally located in cortex-basal ganglia (BG) circuits. Increasing evidence suggests that motor impairments in untreated PD patients are linked to an excessive synchronization of cortex-BG activity at beta frequencies (13-30 Hz). Levodopa and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) suppress pathological beta-band reverberation and improve the motor symptoms in PD. Yet a dynamic tuning of beta oscillations in BG-cortical loops is fundamental for movement-timing and synchronization, and the impact of PD therapies on sensorimotor functions relying on neural transmission in the beta frequency-range remains controversial. Here, we set out to determine the differential effects of network neuromodulation through dopaminergic medication (ON and OFF levodopa) and STN-DBS (ON-DBS, OFF-DBS) on tapping synchronization and accompanying cortical activities. To this end, we conducted a rhythmic finger-tapping study with high-density EEG-recordings in 12 PD patients before and after surgery for STN-DBS and in 12 healthy controls. STN-DBS significantly ameliorated tapping parameters as frequency, amplitude and synchrony to the given auditory rhythms. Aberrant neurophysiologic signatures of sensorimotor feedback in the beta-range were found in PD patients: their neural modulation was weaker, temporally sluggish and less distributed over the right cortex in comparison to controls. Levodopa and STN-DBS boosted the dynamics of beta-band modulation over the right hemisphere, hinting to an improved timing of movements relying on tactile feedback. The strength of the post-event beta rebound over the supplementary motor area correlated significantly with the tapping asynchrony in patients, thus indexing the sensorimotor match between the external auditory pacing signals and the performed taps. PD patients showed an excessive interhemispheric coherence in the beta-frequency range during the finger-tapping task, while under DBS-ON the cortico-cortical connectivity in the beta-band was normalized. Ultimately, therapeutic DBS significantly ameliorated the auditory-motor coupling of PD patients, enhancing the electrophysiological processing of sensorimotor feedback-information related to beta-band activity, and thus allowing a more precise cued-tapping performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gulberti
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Till R Schneider
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edgar E Galindo-Leon
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Heise
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Pino
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hamel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Buhmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Zittel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monika Pötter-Nerger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian K E Moll
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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2
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Anand S, Cho H, Adamek M, Burton H, Moran D, Leuthardt E, Brunner P. High gamma coherence between task-responsive sensory-motor cortical regions in a motor reaction-time task. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:628-639. [PMID: 37584101 PMCID: PMC10648945 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00172.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical activity at high gamma frequencies (70-170 Hz) is thought to reflect the activity of small cortical ensembles. For example, high gamma activity (often quantified by spectral power) can increase in sensory-motor cortex in response to sensory stimuli or movement. On the other hand, synchrony of neural activity between cortical areas (often quantified by coherence) has been hypothesized as an important mechanism for inter-areal communication, thereby serving functional roles in cognition and behavior. Currently, high gamma activity has primarily been studied as a local amplitude phenomenon. We investigated the synchronization of high gamma activity within sensory-motor cortex and the extent to which underlying high gamma activity can explain coherence during motor tasks. We characterized high gamma coherence in sensory-motor networks and the relationship between coherence and power by analyzing electrocorticography (ECoG) data from human subjects as they performed a motor response to sensory cues. We found greatly increased high gamma coherence during the motor response compared with the sensory cue. High gamma power poorly predicted high gamma coherence, but the two shared a similar time course. However, high gamma coherence persisted longer than high gamma power. The results of this study suggest that high gamma coherence is a physiologically distinct phenomenon during a sensory-motor task, the emergence of which may require active task participation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Motor action after auditory stimulus elicits high gamma responses in sensory-motor and auditory cortex, respectively. We show that high gamma coherence reliably and greatly increased during motor response, but not after auditory stimulus. Underlying high gamma power could not explain high gamma coherence. Our results indicate that high gamma coherence is a physiologically distinct sensory-motor phenomenon that may serve as an indicator of increased synaptic communication on short timescales (∼1 s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Anand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Hohyun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Markus Adamek
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Harold Burton
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Daniel Moran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Eric Leuthardt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Peter Brunner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States
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3
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Guo Y, Zheng H, Long J. Gating at cortical level contributes to auditory-motor synchronization during repetitive finger tapping. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:6198-6206. [PMID: 36563001 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory integration contributes to temporal coordination of the movement with external rhythms. How the information flowing of sensory inputs is regulated with increasing tapping rates and its function remains unknown. Here, somatosensory evoked potentials to ulnar nerve stimulation were recorded during auditory-cued repetitive right-index finger tapping at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Hz in 13 healthy subjects. We found that sensory inputs were suppressed at subcortical level (represented by P14) and primary somatosensory cortex (S1, represented by N20/P25) during repetitive tapping. This suppression was decreased in S1 but not in subcortical level during fast repetitive tapping (2, 3, and 4 Hz) compared with slow repetitive tapping (0.5 and 1 Hz). Furthermore, we assessed the ability to analyze temporal information in S1 by measuring the somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT). STDT increased during fast repetitive tapping compared with slow repetitive tapping, which was negatively correlated with the task performance of phase shift and positively correlated with the peak-to-peak amplitude (% of resting) in S1 but not in subcortical level. These novel findings indicate that the increased sensory input (lower sensory gating) in S1 may lead to greater temporal uncertainty for sensorimotor integration dereasing the performance of repetitive movement during increasing tapping rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiu Guo
- Jinan University, College of Information Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huixian Zheng
- Jinan University, College of Information Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinyi Long
- Jinan University, College of Information Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510632, China
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4
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Correia JP, Vaz JR, Domingos C, Freitas SR. From thinking fast to moving fast: motor control of fast limb movements in healthy individuals. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:919-950. [PMID: 35675832 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability to produce high movement speeds is a crucial factor in human motor performance, from the skilled athlete to someone avoiding a fall. Despite this relevance, there remains a lack of both an integrative brain-to-behavior analysis of these movements and applied studies linking the known dependence on open-loop, central control mechanisms of these movements to their real-world implications, whether in the sports, performance arts, or occupational setting. In this review, we cover factors associated with the planning and performance of fast limb movements, from the generation of the motor command in the brain to the observed motor output. At each level (supraspinal, peripheral, and motor output), the influencing factors are presented and the changes brought by training and fatigue are discussed. The existing evidence of more applied studies relevant to practical aspects of human performance is also discussed. Inconsistencies in the existing literature both in the definitions and findings are highlighted, along with suggestions for further studies on the topic of fast limb movement control. The current heterogeneity in what is considered a fast movement and in experimental protocols makes it difficult to compare findings in the existing literature. We identified the role of the cerebellum in movement prediction and of surround inhibition in motor slowing, as well as the effects of fatigue and training on central motor control, as possible avenues for further research, especially in performance-driven populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Correia
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1495-751, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal.,Laboratório de Função Neuromuscular, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1495-751, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - João R Vaz
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1495-751, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal.,Laboratório de Função Neuromuscular, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1495-751, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Christophe Domingos
- CIEQV, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Av. Dr. Mário Soares nº 110, 2040-413, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Sandro R Freitas
- Laboratório de Função Neuromuscular, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1495-751, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
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van Schie HT, Iotchev IB, Compen FR. Free will strikes back: Steady-state movement-related cortical potentials are modulated by cognitive control. Conscious Cogn 2022; 104:103382. [PMID: 35914430 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In psychology and neuroscience, opposition to free will has asserted that any degree of perceived self-control or choice is a mere epiphenomenon which provides no meaningful influence on action. The present research tested the validity of this conclusion by designing a paradigm in which the potential effect of self-monitoring on motor output could be investigated. Using a repetitive finger tapping task that evokes automatic patterns in participants tapping responses, we have obtained evidence that (1) participants may voluntarily reduce the predictability of their tapping patterns (2) by exercising cognitive control that (3) modulates response-locked steady-state movement-related potentials over primary and supplementary motor areas. These findings challenge the most radical accounts of the nonexistence of free will and instead provide support for a more balanced model of human behaviour in which cognitive control may constrain automatic response tendencies in response preparation and action execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein Thomas van Schie
- Radboud University Behavioural Science Institute, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Félix René Compen
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9104 / 966, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Maezawa H, Fujimoto M, Hata Y, Matsuhashi M, Hashimoto H, Kashioka H, Yanagida T, Hirata M. Functional cortical localization of tongue movements using corticokinematic coherence with a deep learning-assisted motion capture system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:388. [PMID: 35013521 PMCID: PMC8748830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticokinematic coherence (CKC) between magnetoencephalographic and movement signals using an accelerometer is useful for the functional localization of the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1). However, it is difficult to determine the tongue CKC because an accelerometer yields excessive magnetic artifacts. Here, we introduce a novel approach for measuring the tongue CKC using a deep learning-assisted motion capture system with videography, and compare it with an accelerometer in a control task measuring finger movement. Twelve healthy volunteers performed rhythmical side-to-side tongue movements in the whole-head magnetoencephalographic system, which were simultaneously recorded using a video camera and examined using a deep learning-assisted motion capture system. In the control task, right finger CKC measurements were simultaneously evaluated via motion capture and an accelerometer. The right finger CKC with motion capture was significant at the movement frequency peaks or its harmonics over the contralateral hemisphere; the motion-captured CKC was 84.9% similar to that with the accelerometer. The tongue CKC was significant at the movement frequency peaks or its harmonics over both hemispheres. The CKC sources of the tongue were considerably lateral and inferior to those of the finger. Thus, the CKC with deep learning-assisted motion capture can evaluate the functional localization of the tongue SM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maezawa
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Momoka Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, Minatojima-minamimachi 7-1-28, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hata
- Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, Minatojima-minamimachi 7-1-28, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hashimoto
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Neurosurgery, Otemae Hospital, Otemae1-5-34, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-0008, Japan
| | - Hideki Kashioka
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-4, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshio Yanagida
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-4, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hirata
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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7
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Saito H, Yazawa S, Shinozaki J, Murahara T, Shiraishi H, Matsuhashi M, Nagamine T. Appraisal of definition of baseline length for somatosensory evoked magnetic fields. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 359:109213. [PMID: 33951455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The baseline (BL) segment in the prestimulus period is generally assigned as a reference of evoked activities. However, an experimenter empirically defines its length in each condition. So far, the criterion for the length of a BL segment has not been established. NEW METHOD We evaluated the effect of the length of the BL segment by recording somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) under fixed stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). For the evaluation of the length of the BL segment in the prestimulus period, five proportions in relation to SOA were used as the BL segment. In addition, we adopted other two types of BL segment which were the single data point measured from the value of stimulus onset (BL0) and the mean value of the whole raw data throughout the recording (DC mean). We investigated the influence of the BL segments on SEFs by utilizing two indicators: normalized N20 m amplitudes and estimated locations of corresponding equivalent current dipoles (ECDs). RESULTS Both indicators did not show any significant differences, based on the factor of BL segments, in any SOA conditions. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD The BL0 had by far the largest variation in the ECD locations.Therefore, utilizing stimulus onset as the BL segment should be avoided. In addition, considering that other BL segments provided comparable values by the two indicators, the DC mean can reasonably be adopted. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that utilizing the DC mean could be employed as the BL segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Saito
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1, West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, South 1, West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Shogo Yazawa
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1, West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Jun Shinozaki
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1, West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Takashi Murahara
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1, West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Shiraishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Takashi Nagamine
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1, West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
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Rosjat N, Wang BA, Liu L, Fink GR, Daun S. Stimulus transformation into motor action: Dynamic graph analysis reveals a posterior-to-anterior shift in brain network communication of older subjects. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:1547-1563. [PMID: 33305871 PMCID: PMC7927305 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive performance slows down with increasing age. This includes cognitive processes that are essential for the performance of a motor act, such as the slowing down in response to an external stimulus. The objective of this study was to identify aging-associated functional changes in the brain networks that are involved in the transformation of external stimuli into motor action. To investigate this topic, we employed dynamic graphs based on phase-locking of Electroencephalography signals recorded from healthy younger and older subjects while performing a simple visually-cued finger-tapping task. The network analysis yielded specific age-related network structures varying in time in the low frequencies (2-7 Hz), which are closely connected to stimulus processing, movement initiation and execution in both age groups. The networks in older subjects, however, contained several additional, particularly interhemispheric, connections and showed an overall increased coupling density. Cluster analyses revealed reduced variability of the subnetworks in older subjects, particularly during movement preparation. In younger subjects, occipital, parietal, sensorimotor and central regions were-temporally arranged in this order-heavily involved in hub nodes. Whereas in older subjects, a hub in frontal regions preceded the noticeably delayed occurrence of sensorimotor hubs, indicating different neural information processing in older subjects. All observed changes in brain network organization, which are based on neural synchronization in the low frequencies, provide a possible neural mechanism underlying previous fMRI data, which report an overactivation, especially in the prefrontal and pre-motor areas, associated with a loss of hemispheric lateralization in older subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rosjat
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐3)JülichGermany
- Institute of Zoology, University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Bin A. Wang
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐3)JülichGermany
- Department of NeurologyBG University Hospital BergmannsheilBochumGermany
| | - Liqing Liu
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐3)JülichGermany
- Institute of Zoology, University of CologneCologneGermany
- Faculty of Psychology, Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of EducationTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Gereon R. Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐3)JülichGermany
- Department of NeurologyFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Silvia Daun
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐3)JülichGermany
- Department of NeurologyFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneCologneGermany
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9
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Guo Z, Qian Q, Wong K, Zhu H, Huang Y, Hu X, Zheng Y. Altered Corticomuscular Coherence (CMCoh) Pattern in the Upper Limb During Finger Movements After Stroke. Front Neurol 2020; 11:410. [PMID: 32477257 PMCID: PMC7240065 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Proximal compensation to the distal movements is commonly observed in the affected upper extremity (UE) of patients with chronic stroke. However, the cortical origin of this compensation has not been well-understood. In this study, corticomuscular coherence (CMCoh) and electromyography (EMG) analysis were adopted to investigate the corticomuscular coordinating pattern of proximal UE compensatory activities when conducting distal UE movements in chronic stroke. Method: Fourteen chronic stroke subjects and 10 age-matched unimpaired controls conducted isometric finger extensions and flexions at 20 and 40% of maximal voluntary contractions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded from the sensorimotor area and EMG signals were captured from extensor digitorum (ED), flexor digitorum (FD), triceps brachii (TRI), and biceps brachii (BIC) to investigate the CMCoh peak values in the Beta band. EMG parameters, i.e., the EMG activation level and co-contraction index (CI), were analyzed to evaluate the compensatory muscular patterns in the upper limb. Result: The peak CMCoh with statistical significance (P < 0.05) was found shifted from the ipsilesional side to the contralesional side in the proximal UE muscles, while to the central regions in the distal UE muscle in chronic strokes. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in both peak ED and FD CMCohs during finger extensions between the two groups. The unimpaired controls exhibited significant intragroup differences between 20 and 40% levels in extensions for peak ED and FD CMCohs (P < 0.05). The stroke subjects showed significant differences in peak TRI and BIC CMCohs (P < 0.01). No significant inter- or intra-group difference was observed in peak CMCoh during finger flexions. EMG parameters showed higher EMG activation levels in TRI and BIC muscles (P < 0.05), and higher CI values in the muscle pairs involving TRI and BIC during all the extension and flexion tasks in the stroke group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The post-stroke proximal muscular compensations from the elbow to the finger movements were cortically originated, with the center mainly located in the contralesional hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qiuyang Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kiufung Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hanlin Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yanhuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yongping Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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10
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Vidal F, Burle B, Hasbroucq T. The Way We Do the Things We Do: How Cognitive Contexts Shape the Neural Dynamics of Motor Areas in Humans. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1296. [PMID: 30100890 PMCID: PMC6073480 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In spontaneously triggered movements the nature of the executed response has a prominent effect on the intensity and the dynamics of motor areas recruitment. Under time pressure, the time course of motor areas recruitment is necessarily shorter than that of spontaneously triggered movements because RTs may be extremely short. Moreover, different classes of RT tasks allow examining the nature and the dynamics of motor areas activation in different cognitive contexts. In the present article, we review experimental results obtained from high temporal resolution methods (mainly, but not exclusively EEG ones), during voluntary movements; these results indicate that the activity of motor areas not only depends on the nature of the executed movement but also on the cognitive context in which these movements have to be executed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Vidal
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, Marseille, France
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11
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Loehrer PA, Nettersheim FS, Jung F, Weber I, Huber C, Dembek TA, Pelzer EA, Fink GR, Tittgemeyer M, Timmermann L. Ageing changes effective connectivity of motor networks during bimanual finger coordination. Neuroimage 2016; 143:325-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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12
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Maezawa H, Oguma H, Hirai Y, Hisadome K, Shiraishi H, Funahashi M. Movement-related cortical magnetic fields associated with self-paced tongue protrusion in humans. Neurosci Res 2016; 117:22-27. [PMID: 27888072 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sophisticated tongue movements are coordinated finely via cortical control. We elucidated the cortical processes associated with voluntary tongue movement. Movement-related cortical fields were investigated during self-paced repetitive tongue protrusion. Surface tongue electromyograms were recorded to determine movement onset. To identify the location of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), tongue somatosensory evoked fields were measured. The readiness fields (RFs) over both hemispheres began prior to movement onset and culminated in the motor fields (MFs) around movement onset. These signals were followed by transient movement evoked fields (MEFs) after movement onset. The MF and MEF peak latencies and magnitudes were not different between the hemispheres. The MF current sources were located in the precentral gyrus, suggesting they were located in the primary motor cortex (M1); this was contrary to the MEF sources, which were located in S1. We conclude that the RFs and MFs mainly reflect the cortical processes for the preparation and execution of tongue movement in the bilateral M1, without hemispheric dominance. Moreover, the MEFs may represent proprioceptive feedback from the tongue to bilateral S1. Such cortical processing related to the efferent and afferent information may aid in the coordination of sophisticated tongue movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maezawa
- Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan.
| | - Hidetoshi Oguma
- School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirai
- Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Kazunari Hisadome
- Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shiraishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Makoto Funahashi
- Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
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13
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Popovych S, Rosjat N, Toth T, Wang B, Liu L, Abdollahi R, Viswanathan S, Grefkes C, Fink G, Daun S. Movement-related phase locking in the delta–theta frequency band. Neuroimage 2016; 139:439-449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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14
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Enhanced brainstem and cortical encoding of sound during synchronized movement. Neuroimage 2016; 142:231-240. [PMID: 27397623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Movement to a steady beat has been widely studied as a model of alignment of motor outputs on sensory inputs. However, how the encoding of sensory inputs is shaped during synchronized movements along the sensory pathway remains unknown. To investigate this, we simultaneously recorded brainstem and cortical electro-encephalographic activity while participants listened to periodic amplitude-modulated tones. Participants listened either without moving or while tapping in sync on every second beat. Cortical responses were identified at the envelope modulation rate (beat frequency), whereas brainstem responses were identified at the partials frequencies of the chord and at their modulation by the beat frequency (sidebands). During sensorimotor synchronization, cortical responses at beat frequency were larger than during passive listening. Importantly, brainstem responses were also enhanced, with a selective amplification of the sidebands, in particular at the lower-pitched tone of the chord, and no significant correlation with electromyographic measures at tapping frequency. These findings provide first evidence for an online gain in the cortical and subcortical encoding of sounds during synchronized movement, selective to behavior-relevant sound features. Moreover, the frequency-tagging method to isolate concurrent brainstem and cortical activities even during actual movements appears promising to reveal coordinated processes along the human auditory pathway.
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15
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Maezawa H, Mima T, Yazawa S, Matsuhashi M, Shiraishi H, Funahashi M. Cortico-muscular synchronization by proprioceptive afferents from the tongue muscles during isometric tongue protrusion. Neuroimage 2016; 128:284-292. [PMID: 26774611 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongue movements contribute to oral functions including swallowing, vocalizing, and breathing. Fine tongue movements are regulated through efferent and afferent connections between the cortex and tongue. It has been demonstrated that cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) is reflected at two frequency bands during isometric tongue protrusions: the beta (β) band at 15-35Hz and the low-frequency band at 2-10Hz. The CMC at the β band (β-CMC) reflects motor commands from the primary motor cortex (M1) to the tongue muscles through hypoglossal motoneuron pools. However, the generator mechanism of the CMC at the low-frequency band (low-CMC) remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the mechanism of low-CMC during isometric tongue protrusion using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) were also recorded following electrical tongue stimulation. Significant low-CMC and β-CMC were observed over both hemispheres for each side of the tongue. Time-domain analysis showed that the MEG signal followed the electromyography signal for low-CMC, which was contrary to the finding that the MEG signal preceded the electromyography signal for β-CMC. The mean conduction time from the tongue to the cortex was not significantly different between the low-CMC (mean, 80.9ms) and SEFs (mean, 71.1ms). The cortical sources of low-CMC were located significantly posterior (mean, 10.1mm) to the sources of β-CMC in M1, but were in the same area as tongue SEFs in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). These results reveal that the low-CMC may be driven by proprioceptive afferents from the tongue muscles to S1, and that the oscillatory interaction was derived from each side of the tongue to both hemispheres. Oscillatory proprioceptive feedback from the tongue muscles may aid in the coordination of sophisticated tongue movements in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maezawa
- Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Mima
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Graduate School of Core Ethics and Frontier Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8577, Japan
| | - Shogo Yazawa
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shiraishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Makoto Funahashi
- Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
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16
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Hori J, Harada T. Localized cortical dipole imaging using a small number of electrodes based on independent component analysis. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:4936-9. [PMID: 25571099 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6944731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The spatial resolution of scalp potential mapping is limited because of low conductivity of a skull. Cortical dipole layer imaging has been proposed as a method to visualize brain electrical activity with high spatial resolution. According to this method, about 100 electrodes were required to measure whole brain electrical activity. In the present study, we investigated simplified cortical dipole imaging with a small number of electrodes. The density of electrodes and the spatial resolution are in a trade-off relation. Thus, the number of electrodes was reduced by limiting the visualization region of interest, without lowering the density of electrodes. Moreover, independent component analysis was applied to the multiple signal sources to extract an attention signal from the other signals and noise. In simulation, even if the number of electrodes was reduced to 25, the obtained results were almost equivalent to the case with whole brain electrodes. The proposed method was applied to human experimental data of movement-related potential. We confirmed that the proposed method provided high resolution cortical dipole imaging with localized distribution.
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17
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Weiss D, Klotz R, Govindan RB, Scholten M, Naros G, Ramos-Murguialday A, Bunjes F, Meisner C, Plewnia C, Krüger R, Gharabaghi A. Subthalamic stimulation modulates cortical motor network activity and synchronization in Parkinson's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 138:679-93. [PMID: 25558877 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic modulations of large-scale network activity and synchronization are inherent to a broad spectrum of cognitive processes and are disturbed in neuropsychiatric conditions including Parkinson's disease. Here, we set out to address the motor network activity and synchronization in Parkinson's disease and its modulation with subthalamic stimulation. To this end, 20 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease with subthalamic nucleus stimulation were analysed on externally cued right hand finger movements with 1.5-s interstimulus interval. Simultaneous recordings were obtained from electromyography on antagonistic muscles (right flexor digitorum and extensor digitorum) together with 64-channel electroencephalography. Time-frequency event-related spectral perturbations were assessed to determine cortical and muscular activity. Next, cross-spectra in the time-frequency domain were analysed to explore the cortico-cortical synchronization. The time-frequency modulations enabled us to select a time-frequency range relevant for motor processing. On these time-frequency windows, we developed an extension of the phase synchronization index to quantify the global cortico-cortical synchronization and to obtain topographic differentiations of distinct electrode sites with respect to their contributions to the global phase synchronization index. The spectral measures were used to predict clinical and reaction time outcome using regression analysis. We found that movement-related desynchronization of cortical activity in the upper alpha and beta range was significantly facilitated with 'stimulation on' compared to 'stimulation off' on electrodes over the bilateral parietal, sensorimotor, premotor, supplementary-motor, and prefrontal areas, including the bilateral inferior prefrontal areas. These spectral modulations enabled us to predict both clinical and reaction time improvement from subthalamic stimulation. With 'stimulation on', interhemispheric cortico-cortical coherence in the beta band was significantly attenuated over the bilateral sensorimotor areas. Similarly, the global cortico-cortical phase synchronization was attenuated, and the topographic differentiation revealed stronger desynchronization over the (ipsilateral) right-hemispheric prefrontal, premotor and sensorimotor areas compared to 'stimulation off'. We further demonstrated that the cortico-cortical phase synchronization was largely dominated by genuine neuronal coupling. The clinical improvement with 'stimulation on' compared to 'stimulation off' could be predicted from this cortical decoupling with multiple regressions, and the reduction of synchronization over the right prefrontal area showed a linear univariate correlation with clinical improvement. Our study demonstrates wide-spread activity and synchronization modulations of the cortical motor network, and highlights subthalamic stimulation as a network-modulating therapy. Accordingly, subthalamic stimulation may release bilateral cortical computational resources by facilitating movement-related desynchronization. Moreover, the subthalamic nucleus is critical to balance inhibitory and facilitatory cortical players within the motor program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weiss
- 1 German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany 2 Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany 3 Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rosa Klotz
- 1 German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany 2 Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany 3 Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rathinaswamy B Govindan
- 4 Foetal Medicine Institute, Division of Foetal and Transitional Medicine, Children's National Health System, M3118C Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marlieke Scholten
- 1 German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany 2 Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany 3 Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georgios Naros
- 3 Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, 72076 Tübingen, Germany 5 Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ander Ramos-Murguialday
- 6 Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany 7 TECNALIA, Health Technologies, 200003 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Friedemann Bunjes
- 1 German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany 2 Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Meisner
- 8 Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- 3 Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, 72076 Tübingen, Germany 9 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology & Interventional Neuropsychiatry, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rejko Krüger
- 1 German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany 2 Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany 3 Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, 72076 Tübingen, Germany 10 Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg and Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alireza Gharabaghi
- 3 Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, 72076 Tübingen, Germany 5 Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Nozaradan S. Exploring how musical rhythm entrains brain activity with electroencephalogram frequency-tagging. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130393. [PMID: 25385771 PMCID: PMC4240960 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to perceive a regular beat in music and synchronize to this beat is a widespread human skill. Fundamental to musical behaviour, beat and meter refer to the perception of periodicities while listening to musical rhythms and often involve spontaneous entrainment to move on these periodicities. Here, we present a novel experimental approach inspired by the frequency-tagging approach to understand the perception and production of rhythmic inputs. This approach is illustrated here by recording the human electroencephalogram responses at beat and meter frequencies elicited in various contexts: mental imagery of meter, spontaneous induction of a beat from rhythmic patterns, multisensory integration and sensorimotor synchronization. Collectively, our observations support the view that entrainment and resonance phenomena subtend the processing of musical rhythms in the human brain. More generally, they highlight the potential of this approach to help us understand the link between the phenomenology of musical beat and meter and the bias towards periodicities arising under certain circumstances in the nervous system. Entrainment to music provides a highly valuable framework to explore general entrainment mechanisms as embodied in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience (Ions), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 53, Avenue Mounier-UCL 53.75, Bruxelles 1200, Belgium International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Canada H3C 3J7
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19
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Kuo CC, Luu P, Morgan KK, Dow M, Davey C, Song J, Malony AD, Tucker DM. Localizing movement-related primary sensorimotor cortices with multi-band EEG frequency changes and functional MRI. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112103. [PMID: 25375957 PMCID: PMC4222972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations in multiple frequency bands can be observed during functional activity of the cerebral cortex. An important question is whether activity of focal areas of cortex, such as during finger movements, is tracked by focal oscillatory EEG changes. Although a number of studies have compared EEG changes to functional MRI hemodynamic responses, we can find no previous research that relates the fMRI hemodynamic activity to localization of the multiple EEG frequency changes observed in motor tasks. In the present study, five participants performed similar thumb and finger movement tasks in parallel EEG and functional MRI studies. We examined changes in five frequency bands (from 5–120 Hz) and localized them using 256 dense-array EEG (dEEG) recordings and high-resolution individual head models. These localizations were compared with fMRI localizations in the same participants. Results showed that beta-band (14–30 Hz) desynchronizations (power decreases) were the most robust effects, appearing in all individuals, consistently localized to the hand region of the primary motor cortex, and consistently aligned with fMRI localizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chang Kuo
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc., Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- NeuroInformatics Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Phan Luu
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc., Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kyle K. Morgan
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc., Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Mark Dow
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Colin Davey
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc., Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jasmine Song
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc., Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Allen D. Malony
- NeuroInformatics Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Don M. Tucker
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc., Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- NeuroInformatics Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
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20
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Paek AY, Agashe HA, Contreras-Vidal JL. Decoding repetitive finger movements with brain activity acquired via non-invasive electroencephalography. FRONTIERS IN NEUROENGINEERING 2014; 7:3. [PMID: 24659964 PMCID: PMC3952032 DOI: 10.3389/fneng.2014.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how well repetitive finger tapping movements can be decoded from scalp electroencephalography (EEG) signals. A linear decoder with memory was used to infer continuous index finger angular velocities from the low-pass filtered fluctuations of the amplitude of a plurality of EEG signals distributed across the scalp. To evaluate the accuracy of the decoder, the Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) between the observed and predicted trajectories was calculated in a 10-fold cross-validation scheme. We also assessed attempts to decode finger kinematics from EEG data that was cleaned with independent component analysis (ICA), EEG data from peripheral sensors, and EEG data from rest periods. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to select combinations of EEG channels that maximized decoding accuracies. Our results (lower quartile r = 0.18, median r = 0.36, upper quartile r = 0.50) show that delta-band EEG signals contain useful information that can be used to infer finger kinematics. Further, the highest decoding accuracies were characterized by highly correlated delta band EEG activity mostly localized to the contralateral central areas of the scalp. Spectral analysis of EEG also showed bilateral alpha band (8–13 Hz) event related desynchronizations (ERDs) and contralateral beta band (20–30 Hz) event related synchronizations (ERSs) localized over central scalp areas. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of decoding finger kinematics from scalp EEG signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Paek
- Laboratory for Non-invasive Brain-Machine Interface Systems, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harshavardhan A Agashe
- Laboratory for Non-invasive Brain-Machine Interface Systems, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - José L Contreras-Vidal
- Laboratory for Non-invasive Brain-Machine Interface Systems, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Herz DM, Siebner HR, Hulme OJ, Florin E, Christensen MS, Timmermann L. Levodopa reinstates connectivity from prefrontal to premotor cortex during externally paced movement in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage 2013; 90:15-23. [PMID: 24269570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine deficiency affects functional integration of activity in distributed neural regions. It has been suggested that lack of dopamine induces disruption of neural interactions between prefrontal and premotor areas, which might underlie impairment of motor control observed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study we recorded cortical activity with high-density electroencephalography in 11 patients with PD as a pathological model of dopamine deficiency, and 13 healthy control subjects. Participants performed repetitive extension-flexion movements of their right index finger, which were externally paced at a rate of 0.5 Hz. This required participants to align their movement velocity to the slow external pace. Patients were studied after at least 12-hour withdrawal of dopaminergic medication (OFF state) and after intake of the dopamine precursor levodopa (ON state) in order to examine oscillatory coupling between prefrontal and premotor areas during respectively low and high levels of dopamine. In 10 patients and 12 control participants multiple source beamformer analysis yielded task-related activation of a contralateral cortical network comprising prefrontal cortex (PFC), lateral premotor cortex (lPM), supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary motor cortex (M1). Dynamic causal modelling was used to characterize task-related oscillatory coupling between prefrontal and premotor cortical areas. Healthy participants showed task-induced coupling from PFC to SMA, which was modulated within the γ-band. In the OFF state, PD patients did not express any frequency-specific coupling between prefrontal and premotor areas. Application of levodopa reinstated task-related coupling from PFC to SMA, which was expressed as high-β-γ coupling. Additionally, strong within-frequency γ-coupling as well as cross-frequency θ-γ coupling was observed from PFC to lPM. Enhancement of this cross-frequency θ-γ coupling after application of levodopa was positively correlated with individual improvement in motor function. The results demonstrate that dopamine deficiency impairs the ability to establish oscillatory coupling between prefrontal and premotor areas during an externally paced motor task. Application of extrinsic dopamine in PD patients reinstates physiological prefrontal-premotor coupling and additionally induces within- and cross-frequency coupling from prefrontal to premotor areas, which is not expressed in healthy participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian M Herz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Oliver J Hulme
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Esther Florin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark S Christensen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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22
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Nozaradan S, Zerouali Y, Peretz I, Mouraux A. Capturing with EEG the neural entrainment and coupling underlying sensorimotor synchronization to the beat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:736-47. [PMID: 24108804 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Synchronizing movements with rhythmic inputs requires tight coupling of sensory and motor neural processes. Here, using a novel approach based on the recording of steady-state-evoked potentials (SS-EPs), we examine how distant brain areas supporting these processes coordinate their dynamics. The electroencephalogram was recorded while subjects listened to a 2.4-Hz auditory beat and tapped their hand on every second beat. When subjects tapped to the beat, the EEG was characterized by a 2.4-Hz SS-EP compatible with beat-related entrainment and a 1.2-Hz SS-EP compatible with movement-related entrainment, based on the results of source analysis. Most importantly, when compared with passive listening of the beat, we found evidence suggesting an interaction between sensory- and motor-related activities when subjects tapped to the beat, in the form of (1) additional SS-EP appearing at 3.6 Hz, compatible with a nonlinear product of sensorimotor integration; (2) phase coupling of beat- and movement-related activities; and (3) selective enhancement of beat-related activities over the hemisphere contralateral to the tapping, suggesting a top-down effect of movement-related activities on auditory beat processing. Taken together, our results are compatible with the view that rhythmic sensorimotor synchronization is supported by a dynamic coupling of sensory and motor related activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Younes Zerouali
- Ecole de Technologie Supérieure, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Peretz
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - André Mouraux
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
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23
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Reconstructing spatially extended brain sources via enforcing multiple transform sparseness. Neuroimage 2013; 86:280-93. [PMID: 24103850 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate estimation of location and extent of neuronal sources from EEG/MEG remain challenging. In the present study, a new source imaging method, i.e. variation and wavelet based sparse source imaging (VW-SSI), is proposed to better estimate cortical source locations and extents. VW-SSI utilizes the L1-norm regularization method with the enforcement of transform sparseness in both variation and wavelet domains. The performance of the proposed method is assessed by both simulated and experimental MEG data, obtained from a language task and a motor task. Compared to L2-norm regularizations, VW-SSI demonstrates significantly improved capability in reconstructing multiple extended cortical sources with less spatial blurredness and less localization error. With the use of transform sparseness, VW-SSI overcomes the over-focused problem in classic SSI methods. With the use of two transformations, VW-SSI further indicates significantly better performance in estimating MEG source locations and extents than other SSI methods with single transformations. The present experimental results indicate that VW-SSI can successfully estimate neural sources (and their spatial coverage) located in close areas while responsible for different functions, i.e. temporal cortical sources for auditory and language processing, and sources on the pre-bank and post-bank of the central sulcus. Meantime, all other methods investigated in the present study fail to recover these phenomena. Precise estimation of cortical source locations and extents from EEG/MEG is of significance for applications in neuroscience and neurology.
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Herz DM, Florin E, Christensen MS, Reck C, Barbe MT, Tscheuschler MK, Tittgemeyer M, Siebner HR, Timmermann L. Dopamine replacement modulates oscillatory coupling between premotor and motor cortical areas in Parkinson's disease. Cereb Cortex 2013; 24:2873-83. [PMID: 23733911 PMCID: PMC4193459 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient neural communication between premotor and motor cortical areas is critical for manual motor control. Here, we used high-density electroencephalography to study cortical connectivity in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and age-matched healthy controls while they performed repetitive movements of the right index finger at maximal repetition rate. Multiple source beamformer analysis and dynamic causal modeling were used to assess oscillatory coupling between the lateral premotor cortex (lPM), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary motor cortex (M1) in the contralateral hemisphere. Elderly healthy controls showed task-related modulation in connections from lPM to SMA and M1, mainly within the γ-band (>30 Hz). Nonmedicated PD patients also showed task-related γ-γ coupling from lPM to M1, but γ coupling from lPM to SMA was absent. Levodopa reinstated physiological γ-γ coupling from lPM to SMA and significantly strengthened coupling in the feedback connection from M1 to lPM expressed as β-β as well as θ-β coupling. Enhancement in cross-frequency θ-β coupling from M1 to lPM was correlated with levodopa-induced improvement in motor function. The results show that PD is associated with an altered neural communication between premotor and motor cortical areas, which can be modulated by dopamine replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Marc Herz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Esther Florin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Cognitive Neurology Section, Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Schram Christensen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark and
| | - Christiane Reck
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Thomas Barbe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Cognitive Neurology Section, Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | | | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Lissek S, Vallana GS, Güntürkün O, Dinse H, Tegenthoff M. Brain activation in motor sequence learning is related to the level of native cortical excitability. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61863. [PMID: 23613956 PMCID: PMC3628854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical excitability may be subject to changes through training and learning. Motor training can increase cortical excitability in motor cortex, and facilitation of motor cortical excitability has been shown to be positively correlated with improvements in performance in simple motor tasks. Thus cortical excitability may tentatively be considered as a marker of learning and use-dependent plasticity. Previous studies focused on changes in cortical excitability brought about by learning processes, however, the relation between native levels of cortical excitability on the one hand and brain activation and behavioral parameters on the other is as yet unknown. In the present study we investigated the role of differential native motor cortical excitability for learning a motor sequencing task with regard to post-training changes in excitability, behavioral performance and involvement of brain regions. Our motor task required our participants to reproduce and improvise over a pre-learned motor sequence. Over both task conditions, participants with low cortical excitability (CElo) showed significantly higher BOLD activation in task-relevant brain regions than participants with high cortical excitability (CEhi). In contrast, CElo and CEhi groups did not exhibit differences in percentage of correct responses and improvisation level. Moreover, cortical excitability did not change significantly after learning and training in either group, with the exception of a significant decrease in facilitatory excitability in the CEhi group. The present data suggest that the native, unmanipulated level of cortical excitability is related to brain activation intensity, but not to performance quality. The higher BOLD mean signal intensity during the motor task might reflect a compensatory mechanism in CElo participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Lissek
- Department of Neurology, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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26
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Cortical representation of different motor rhythms during bimanual movements. Exp Brain Res 2012; 223:489-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-012-3276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Banerjee A, Tognoli E, Kelso JAS, Jirsa VK. Spatiotemporal re-organization of large-scale neural assemblies underlies bimanual coordination. Neuroimage 2012; 62:1582-92. [PMID: 22634864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bimanual coordination engages a distributed network of brain areas, the spatiotemporal organization of which has given rise to intense debates. Do bimanual movements require information processing in the same set of brain areas that are engaged by movements of the individual components (left and right hands)? Or is it necessary that other brain areas are recruited to help in the act of coordination? These two possibilities are often considered as mutually exclusive, with studies yielding support for one or the other depending on techniques and hypotheses. However, as yet there is no account of how the two views may work together dynamically. Using the method of Mode-Level Cognitive Subtraction (MLCS) on high density EEG recorded during unimanual and bimanual movements, we expose spatiotemporal reorganization of large-scale cortical networks during stable inphase and antiphase coordination and transitions between them. During execution of stable bimanual coordination patterns, neural dynamics were dominated by temporal modulation of unimanual networks. At instability and transition, there was evidence for recruitment of additional areas. Our study provides a framework to quantify large-scale network mechanisms underlying complex cognitive tasks often studied with macroscopic neurophysiological recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Banerjee
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
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Shibasaki H. Cortical activities associated with voluntary movements and involuntary movements. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 123:229-43. [PMID: 21906995 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advance in non-invasive techniques including electrophysiology and functional neuroimaging has enabled investigation of control mechanism of voluntary movements and pathophysiology of involuntary movements in human. Epicortical recording with subdural electrodes in epilepsy patients complemented the findings obtained by the non-invasive techniques. Before self-initiated simple movement, activation occurs first in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and SMA proper bilaterally with some somatotopic organisation, and the lateral premotor area (PMA) and primary motor cortex (M1) mainly contralateral to the movement with precise somatotopic organisation. Functional connectivity among cortical areas has been disclosed by cortico-cortical coherence, cortico-cortical evoked potential, and functional MRI. Cortical activities associated with involuntary movements have been studied by jerk-locked back averaging and cortico-muscular coherence. Application of transcranial magnetic stimulation helped clarifying the state of excitability and inhibition in M1. The sensorimotor cortex (S1-M1) was shown to play an important role in generation of cortical myoclonus, essential tremor, Parkinson tremor and focal dystonia. Cortical myoclonus is actively driven by S1-M1 while essential tremor and Parkinson tremor are mediated by S1-M1. 'Negative motor areas' at PMA and pre-SMA and 'inhibitory motor areas' at peri-rolandic cortex might be involved in the control of voluntary movement and generation of negative involuntary movements, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shibasaki
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Ding L, Ni Y, Sweeney J, He B. Sparse cortical current density imaging in motor potentials induced by finger movement. J Neural Eng 2011; 8:036008. [PMID: 21478573 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/8/3/036008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Predominant components in electro- or magneto-encephalography (EEG/MEG) are scalp projections of synchronized neuronal electrical activity distributed over cortical structures. Reconstruction of cortical sources underlying EEG/MEG can thus be achieved with the use of the cortical current density (CCD) model. We have developed a sparse electromagnetic source imaging method based on the CCD model, named as the variation-based cortical current density (VB-SCCD) algorithm, and have shown that it has much enhanced performance in reconstructing extended cortical sources in simulations (Ding 2009 Phys. Med. Biol. 54 2683-97). The present study aims to evaluate the performance of VB-SCCD, for the first time, using experimental data obtained from six participants. The results indicate that the VB-SCCD algorithm is able to successfully reveal spatially distributed cortical sources behind motor potentials induced by visually cued repetitive finger movements, and their dynamic patterns, with millisecond resolution. These findings of motor sources and cortical systems are supported by the physiological knowledge of motor control and evidence from various neuroimaging studies with similar experiments. Furthermore, our present results indicate the improvement of cortical source resolvability of VB-SCCD, as compared with two other classical algorithms. The proposed solver embedded in VB-SCCD is able to handle large-scale computational problems, which makes the use of high-density CCD models possible and, thus, reduces model misspecifications. The present results suggest that VB-SCCD provides high resolution source reconstruction capability and is a promising tool for studying complicated dynamic systems of brain activity for basic neuroscience and clinical neuropsychiatric research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, OK, USA.
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Shibasaki H, Ikeda A, Nagamine T. Use of magnetoencephalography in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 118:1438-48. [PMID: 17452007 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is used twofold for presurgical evaluation of patients with medically intractable partial epilepsy; to identify epileptogenic focus and to investigate functions of cortical areas at or near the epileptogenic focus or structural lesion. For the precise localization of the current source of epileptic discharge, the question as to whether MEG is superior to electroencephalography (EEG) is often addressed. To answer this question, so many factors, both biologically and technically related, have to be taken into consideration. The biological factors include the magnitude of epileptic discharge, its distribution over the cortex, depth of its source from the head surface, and the proportion of large pyramidal neurons tangentially oriented with respect to the head surface within the cortical area. The technical factors include the quality of the recording instrument such as the number of sensors and the use of gradiometer vs. magnetometer, the employed method of source analysis, and availability of experts in each institute. As far as the importance of ictal recording is emphasized, long-term video/EEG monitoring is of utmost importance. Thus, it is concluded that, once the epileptogenic focus is identified by the video/EEG monitoring, then MEG is superior to EEG in order to precisely localize the current source of the interictal epileptic discharge. Another question often addressed is whether MEG can replace the invasive intracranial EEG recording or not. In addition to the above-described factors, different coverage of the cortical areas by MEG vs. invasive intracranial EEG recording has to be taken into account to explain some of the recent reports related to this question. MEG can be effectively applied to the investigation of cortical functions near the epileptogenic focus. It is especially so when combined with other non-invasive studies like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In addition to the source analysis of magnetic fields related to various events or tasks, analysis of the task-related change of rhythmic cortical oscillations is a useful tool for studying higher cortical functions such as language in the presurgical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shibasaki
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Gerloff C, Braun C, Staudt M, Hegner YL, Dichgans J, Krägeloh‐Mann I. Coherent corticomuscular oscillations originate from primary motor cortex: evidence from patients with early brain lesions. Hum Brain Mapp 2006; 27:789-98. [PMID: 16475178 PMCID: PMC6871432 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent oscillations of neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1) have been shown to be involved in the corticospinal control of muscle activity. This interaction between M1 and muscle can be measured by the analysis of corticomuscular coherence in the beta-frequency range (beta-CMCoh; 14-30 Hz). Largely based on magnetoencephalographic (MEG) source-modeling data, it is widely assumed that beta-CMCoh reflects direct coupling between M1 and muscle. Deafferentation is capable of modulating beta-CMCoh, however, and therefore the influence of reafferent somatosensory signaling and corresponding neuronal activity in the somatosensory cortex (S1) has been unclear. We present transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and MEG data from three adult patients suffering from congenital hemiparesis due to pre- and perinatally acquired lesions of the pyramidal tract. In these patients, interhemispheric reorganization had resulted in relocation of M1 to the contralesional hemisphere, ipsilateral to the paretic hand, whereas S1 had remained in the lesioned hemisphere. This topographic dichotomy allowed for an unequivocal topographic differentiation of M1 and S1 with MEG (which is not possible if M1 and S1 are directly adjacent within one hemisphere). In all patients, beta-CMCoh originated from the contralesional M1, in accordance with the TMS-evoked motor responses, and in contrast to the somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) for which the sources (N20m) were localized in S1 of the lesioned hemisphere. These data provide direct evidence for the concept that beta-CMCoh reflects the motorcortical efferent drive from M1 to the spinal motoneuron pool and muscle. No evidence was found for a relevant contribution of neuronal activity in S1 to beta-CMCoh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gerloff
- Cortical Physiology Research Group, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of General Neurology, Department of Neuropediatrics and MEG center, Eberhard‐Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Braun
- Cortical Physiology Research Group, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of General Neurology, Department of Neuropediatrics and MEG center, Eberhard‐Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Staudt
- Cortical Physiology Research Group, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of General Neurology, Department of Neuropediatrics and MEG center, Eberhard‐Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yiwen Li Hegner
- Cortical Physiology Research Group, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of General Neurology, Department of Neuropediatrics and MEG center, Eberhard‐Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Dichgans
- Cortical Physiology Research Group, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of General Neurology, Department of Neuropediatrics and MEG center, Eberhard‐Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Krägeloh‐Mann
- Cortical Physiology Research Group, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of General Neurology, Department of Neuropediatrics and MEG center, Eberhard‐Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
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Shibasaki H, Hallett M. What is the Bereitschaftspotential? Clin Neurophysiol 2006; 117:2341-56. [PMID: 16876476 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 709] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Revised: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since discovery of the slow negative electroencephalographic (EEG) activity preceding self-initiated movement by Kornhuber and Deecke [Kornhuber HH, Deecke L. Hirnpotentialänderungen bei Willkurbewegungen und passiven Bewegungen des Menschen: Bereitschaftspotential und reafferente Potentiale. Pflugers Archiv 1965;284:1-17], various source localization techniques in normal subjects and epicortical recording in epilepsy patients have disclosed the generator mechanisms of each identifiable component of movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) to some extent. The initial slow segment of BP, called 'early BP' in this article, begins about 2 s before the movement onset in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) with no site-specificity and in the SMA proper according to the somatotopic organization, and shortly thereafter in the lateral premotor cortex bilaterally with relatively clear somatotopy. About 400 ms before the movement onset, the steeper negative slope, called 'late BP' in this article (also referred to as NS'), occurs in the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) and lateral premotor cortex with precise somatotopy. These two phases of BP are differentially influenced by various factors, especially by complexity of the movement which enhances only the late BP. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) of beta frequency EEG band before self-initiated movements shows a different temporospatial pattern from that of the BP, suggesting different neuronal mechanisms for the two. BP has been applied for investigating pathophysiology of various movement disorders. Volitional motor inhibition or muscle relaxation is preceded by BP quite similar to that preceding voluntary muscle contraction. Since BP of typical waveforms and temporospatial pattern does not occur before organic involuntary movements, BP is used for detecting the participation of the 'voluntary motor system' in the generation of apparently involuntary movements in patients with psychogenic movement disorders. In view of Libet et al.'s report [Libet B, Gleason CA, Wright EW, Pearl DK. Time of conscious intention to act in relation to onset of cerebral activity (readiness-potential). The unconscious initiation of a freely voluntary act. Brain 1983;106:623-642] that the awareness of intention to move occurred much later than the onset of BP, the early BP might reflect, physiologically, slowly increasing cortical excitability and, behaviorally, subconscious readiness for the forthcoming movement. Whether the late BP reflects conscious preparation for intended movement or not remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shibasaki
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1428, USA.
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Boonstra TW, Daffertshofer A, Peper CE, Beek PJ. Amplitude and phase dynamics associated with acoustically paced finger tapping. Brain Res 2006; 1109:60-9. [PMID: 16860292 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To gain insight into the brain activity associated with the performance of an acoustically paced synchronization task, we analyzed the amplitude and phase dynamics inherent in magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals across frequency bands in order to discriminate between evoked and induced responses. MEG signals were averaged with respect to motor and auditory events (tap and tone onsets). Principal component analysis was used to compare amplitude and phase changes during listening and during paced and unpaced tapping, allowing a separation of brain activity related to motor and auditory processes, respectively. Motor performance was accompanied by phasic amplitude changes and increased phase locking in the beta band. Auditory processing of acoustic stimuli resulted in a simultaneous increase of amplitude and phase locking in the theta and alpha band. The temporal overlap of auditory-related amplitude changes and phase locking indicated an evoked response, in accordance with previous studies on auditory perception. The temporal difference of movement-related amplitude and phase dynamics in the beta band, on the other hand, suggested a change in ongoing brain activity, i.e., an induced response supporting previous results on motor-related brain dynamics in the beta band.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Boonstra
- Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hori J, He B. Cortical potential imaging of movement-related potentials using parametric Wiener filter in realistic-shaped head model. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2006; 2006:3662-3665. [PMID: 17945787 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2006.259801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Suitable spatial filters were explored for inverse estimation of cortical potential imaging from the scalp electroencephalogram. The effects of incorporating signal and noise covariance into inverse procedures were examined by computer simulations and experimental study. The parametric Wiener filter (PWF) was applied to an inhomogeneous three-sphere head model under various signal and noise conditions. We also examined estimation methods for the signal covariance in PWF. The present simulation results suggest that the PWF with modified matrix transformation method has better performance. The proposed methods were applied to self-paced movement-related potentials In order to identify the anatomic substrate locations of neural generators in realistic head model. The proposed methods demonstrated that the contralateral premotor cortex was preponderantly activated In relation to movement performance.
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Wasaka T, Nakata H, Akatsuka K, Kida T, Inui K, Kakigi R. Differential modulation in human primary and secondary somatosensory cortices during the preparatory period of self-initiated finger movement. Eur J Neurosci 2005; 22:1239-47. [PMID: 16176367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying sensorimotor integration, we investigated modulation in the primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortices during the preparatory period of a self-initiated finger extension. Electrical stimulation of the right median nerve was applied continuously, while the subjects performed a self-initiated finger extension and were instructed not to pay attention to the stimulation. The preparatory period was divided into five sub-periods from the onset of the electromyogram to 3000 ms before movement and the magnetoencephalogram signals following stimulation in each sub-period were averaged. Multiple source analysis indicated that the equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) were located in SI and bilateral SII. Although the ECD moment for N 20 m (the upward deflection peaking at around 20 ms) was not significantly changed, that for P 30 m (the downward deflection peaking at around 30 m) was significantly smaller in the 0- to -500-ms sub-period than the -2000- to -3000-ms sub-period. As for SII, the ECD moment for the SII ipsilateral to movement showed no significant change, while that for the contralateral SII was significantly larger in the 0- to -500-ms sub-period than the -1500- to -2000-ms or -2000- to -3000-ms sub-period. The opposite effects of movement on SI and SII cortices indicated that these cortical areas play a different role in the function of the sensorimotor integration and are affected differently by the centrifugal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Wasaka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.
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Abstract
Adequate interaction with our physical and social environment requires accurate timing abilities. Since planning and control of movements is closely related to sensorimotor synchronization, the investigation of synchronization abilities may allow insights into fundamental principles of motor behaviour. The finger-tapping task has frequently been used to study the synchronization of one's own movements in relation to external events. Data from behavioural studies gave rise to the assumption that it is not the peripheral event (i.e., finger-tap or pacing signal) that is synchronized but its central representation. The neural foundations of sensorimotor synchronization have only recently been investigated and are still poorly understood. The present article reviews data from neurophysiological studies investigating sensorimotor synchronization to shed light on the neurophysiological processes associated with sensorimotor synchronization. This review focuses on studies investigating neuroelectric and neuromagnetic activity associated with simple repetitive synchronization tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Pollok
- Department of Neurology, MEG-Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine, University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Karl A, Mühlnickel W, Kurth R, Flor H. Neuroelectric source imaging of steady-state movement-related cortical potentials in human upper extremity amputees with and without phantom limb pain. Pain 2004; 110:90-102. [PMID: 15275756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2004.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2003] [Revised: 02/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Whereas several studies reported a close relationship between changes in the somatotopic organization of primary somatosensory cortex and phantom limb pain, the relationship between alterations in the motor cortex and amputation-related phenomena has not yet been explored in detail. This study used steady-state movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) combined with neuroelectric source imaging to assess the relationship of changes in motor cortex and amputation-related phenomena such as painful and non-painful phantom and residual limb sensations, telescoping, and prosthesis use. Eight upper limb amputees were investigated. A significant positive relationship between reorganization of the motor cortex (distance of the MRCP source location from the mirrored source for hand movement) and phantom limb pain was found. Non-painful phantom sensations as well as painful and non-painful residual limb sensations were unrelated to motor cortical reorganization. A higher amount of motor reorganization was associated with less daily prosthesis use, which also tended to be related to more severe phantom limb pain. These results extend previous findings of a positive relationship between somatosensory reorganization and phantom limb pain to the motor domain and suggest a potential positive effect of prosthesis use on phantom limb pain and cortical reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Karl
- Biopsychology Unit, University of Technology Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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Pollok B, Müller K, Aschersleben G, Schnitzler A, Prinz W. Bimanual coordination: neuromagnetic and behavioral data. Neuroreport 2004; 15:449-52. [PMID: 15094501 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200403010-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that bimanual coordination is associated with stronger activation of the left motor cortex in right-handers. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether left motor cortex dominance constitutes a fundamental feature of bimanual coordination. We investigated neuromagnetic responses while subjects performed a bimanual tapping task using a 122-channel whole-head neuromagnetometer. Three neuromagnetic sources localized in the primary sensorimotor cortex of each hemisphere were found. Sources represent neuromagnetic correlates of the motor command and of somatosensory feedback. Since we found no differences of amplitudes or latencies of corresponding sources of both hemispheres, our data suggest that dominance of the left motor cortex is not a fundamental characteristic for bimanual coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Pollok
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Wasaka T, Hoshiyama M, Nakata H, Nishihira Y, Kakigi R. Gating of somatosensory evoked magnetic fields during the preparatory period of self-initiated finger movement. Neuroimage 2003; 20:1830-8. [PMID: 14642492 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal change in somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) in the preparatory period of self-initiated voluntary movement was investigated. The SEF following stimulation of the right median nerve was recorded, using a 204-channel whole-head MEG system, in nine healthy subjects during a self-initiated extension of the right index finger every 5 to 7 s. The preparatory period before finger movement was divided into six subperiods, and the MEG signals following the stimulation in each subperiod were averaged separately. SEFs were also recorded in the resting state. The ECD strengths for N20m and P60m were not significantly changed in any subperiod before movement compared with those in the resting state. The ECD strength for P30m was significantly smaller 500 ms or less before movement than during the resting state and 1,500 ms or less before movement compared to that during the period from 3,000 to 4,000 ms before movement. Thus, we confirmed that the SEF components were attenuated even during a period of self-initiated voluntary movement. The modulation started at least 1,500 ms before movement and was greater for the P30m than the N20m component. These findings suggested that motor-associated cortices attenuated SEF components by a centrifugal gating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Wasaka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444, Japan
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Pollok B, Müller K, Aschersleben G, Schmitz F, Schnitzler A, Prinz W. Cortical activations associated with auditorily paced finger tapping. Neuroreport 2003; 14:247-50. [PMID: 12598739 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200302100-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated neuromagnetic responses during an auditorily paced synchronization task using a 122-channel whole-head neuromagnetometer. Eight healthy right handed subjects were asked to synchronize left and right unilateral finger taps to a regular binaural pacing signal. Synchronization of the right hand with an auditory pacing signal is known to be associated with three tap-related neuromagnetic sources localized in the contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex. While the first source represents the neuromagnetic correlate of the motor command the second one reflects somatosensory feedback due to the finger movement. The functional meaning of the third source, which is also localized in the primary somatosensory cortex is still unclear. On the one hand this source represents a neuromagnetic correlate of somatosensory feedback due to the finger tap. On the other hand it has been suggested that the function of this source could additionally represent a cognitive process, which enables the subject to monitor the time distance between taps and clicks. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the function of this source, which would fundamentally reform the meaning of the primary somatosensory cortex in the timing of movements with respect to external events. The data of the present study demonstrate that the three sources in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex are stronger related to the tap than to the click. This result contradicts the assumption of a cognitive process localized in the primary somatosensory cortex. Thus, activation in the primary somatosensory cortex most likely represents exclusively somatosensory feedback and no further cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Pollok
- Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Viewing other persons' actions automatically activates brain areas belonging to the mirror-neuron system (MNS) assumed to link action execution and observation. We followed, by magnetoencephalographic cortical dynamics, subjects who observed still pictures of lip forms, on-line imitated them, or made similar forms in a self-paced manner. In all conditions and in both hemispheres, cortical activation progressed in 20-70 ms steps from the occipital cortex to the superior temporal region (where the strongest activation took place), the inferior parietal lobule, and the inferior frontal lobe (Broca's area), and finally, 50-140 ms later, to the primary motor cortex. The signals of Broca's area and motor cortex were significantly stronger during imitation than other conditions. These results demonstrate that still pictures, only implying motion, activate the human MNS in a well-defined temporal order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Nishitani
- Brain Research Unit, Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Espoo, Finland.
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Abstract
Bimanual coordination of skilled finger movements requires intense functional coupling of the motor areas of both cerebral hemispheres. This coupling can be measured non-invasively in humans with task-related coherence analysis of multi-channel surface electroencephalography. Since bimanual coordination is a high-level capability that virtually always requires training, this review is focused on changes of interhemispheric coupling associated with different stages of bimanual learning. Evidence is provided that the interaction between hemispheres is of particular importance in the early phase of command integration during acquisition of a novel bimanual task. It is proposed that the dynamic changes in interhemispheric interaction reflect the establishment of efficient bimanual 'motor routines'. The effects of callosal damage on bimanual coordination and learning are reviewed as well as functional imaging studies related to bimanual movement. There is evidence for an extended cortical network involved in bimanual motor activities which comprises the bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1), supplementary motor area, cingulate motor area, dorsal premotor cortex and posterior parietal cortex. Current concepts about the functions of these structures in bimanual motor behavior are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University of Tuebingen Medical School, Germany
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Beek PJ, Peper CE, Daffertshofer A. Modeling rhythmic interlimb coordination: beyond the Haken-Kelso-Bunz model. Brain Cogn 2002; 48:149-65. [PMID: 11812039 DOI: 10.1006/brcg.2001.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the Haken-Kelso-Bunz (HKB) model was originally formulated to account for phase transitions in bimanual movements, it evolved, through experimentation and conceptual elaboration, into a fundamental formal construct for the experimental study of rhythmically coordinated movements in general. The model consists of two levels of formalization: a potential defining the stability properties of relative phase and a system of coupled limit cycle oscillators defining the individual limb movements and their interactions. Whereas the empirical validity of the potential is well established, the validity of the formalization in terms of coupled oscillators is questionable, both with regard to the assumption that individual limb movements are limit cycle oscillators with (only) two active degrees of freedom and with regard to the postulated coupling. To remedy these limitations a more elaborate system of coupled oscillators is outlined, comprising two coupled limit cycle oscillators at the neural level, each of which is coupled to a linearly damped oscillator, representing the end-effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Beek
- Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands.
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Bai O, Nakamura M, Shibasaki H. Compensation of hand movement for patients by assistant force: relationship between human hand movement and robot arm motion. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2001; 9:302-7. [PMID: 11561667 DOI: 10.1109/7333.948459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As some functional diseases in the brain, such as cerebellum dysfunction and Parkinson's disease, cause the disability related to human movement control, a compensation method was developed for improving the performance of hand movement. The compensation can be carried out by adding assistant force, which is generated from artificial equipment attached to a human arm. From the experiment of visual target tracking, the tracking trajectories recorded from both healthy persons and patients with movement disability were analyzed. It was found that the tracking trajectories were represented sufficiently by a dynamic model of a robot arm in which the differences between healthy persons and patients were characterized by the model parameters. Based on the model, it was demonstrated that the hand movement of patients could be improved by introducing an appropriate compensation. The effectiveness of the proposed compensation method was verified from a simulation study of a robot arm. The design of artificial equipment for compensating the hand movement was also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bai
- Department of Advanced Systems Control Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjomachi, Japan.
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Jantzen KJ, Fuchs A, Mayville JM, Deecke L, Kelso JA. Neuromagnetic activity in alpha and beta bands reflect learning-induced increases in coordinative stability. Clin Neurophysiol 2001; 112:1685-97. [PMID: 11514252 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate how learning induced increases in stability on a syncopation task are manifest in the dynamics of cortical activity. METHOD Magnetoencephalography was recorded from 143 sensors (CTF Systems, Inc). A pre-training procedure determined the critical frequency (F(c)) for each subject (n=4). Subjects either syncopated or synchronized to a metronome that increased in frequency from 1.2 to 3.0 Hz in 0.2 Hz steps. The F(c) was the point at which subjects spontaneously switched from syncopation to synchronization. Subjects then underwent 100 training trials (with feedback) at F(c). Following the learning phase the pre-training procedure was repeated. RESULTS An increase in the F(c) occurred indicating that practice improved the stability of syncopation. The transition delay was also observed in the phase of the time-averaged signal in sensors over the contralateral sensorimotor area and in power analysis in the 8-12 Hz and 18-24 Hz frequency bands. Initially, reduced power was observed bilaterally during syncopation compared to synchronization. Following training, these differences were reduced or eliminated. CONCLUSION Pre-training power differences can be explained by the greater difficulty of the syncopation task. The reduction in power differences following training suggests that at the cortical level, syncopation became more similar to synchronization possibly reflecting a decrease in task and/or attention demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Jantzen
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
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Luu P, Tucker DM. Regulating action: alternating activation of midline frontal and motor cortical networks. Clin Neurophysiol 2001; 112:1295-306. [PMID: 11516742 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Focal electrical fields recorded over the midline prefrontal cortex have been found to index rapid evaluative decisions, including the recognition of having made an error in a speeded response task. The nature of these electrical fields and how they are related to cortical areas involved in response execution remains to be clarified. METHODS As subjects performed a speeded response task the EEG was recorded with a 128-channel sensor array. By filtering out the large slow waves of the event-related potential, we found that the error-related negativity (Ne/ERN) arises from a midline frontal oscillation that alternates with oscillations over lateral sensorimotor cortex. Electrical source analyses were used to determine the brain sources involved in the generation of these oscillations. RESULTS The results show that the midline and lateral oscillations have a period of about 200 ms (theta), and they are present for both correct and error responses. When an error is made, the midline error oscillation is recruited strongly, and it becomes correlated with the motor oscillation. Source analyses localized the midline error oscillation to centromedial frontal cortex and the lateral oscillation to sensorimotor cortices. CONCLUSIONS Because of the similarity between the midline oscillation observed in the present study and frontal midline theta, the nature of the Ne/ERN may be clarified by the frontal midline theta literature. The correlation between the midline and sensorimotor oscillations suggests a possible mechanism for how midline frontal evaluative and monitoring networks contribute to action regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Luu
- Department ofPsychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
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Martin RE, Goodyear BG, Gati JS, Menon RS. Cerebral cortical representation of automatic and volitional swallowing in humans. J Neurophysiol 2001; 85:938-50. [PMID: 11160524 DOI: 10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the cerebral cortex has been implicated in the control of swallowing, the functional organization of the human cortical swallowing representation has not been fully documented. Therefore, the present study determined the cortical representation of swallowing in fourteen healthy right-handed female subjects using single-event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Subjects were scanned during three swallowing activation tasks: a naïve saliva swallow, a voluntary saliva swallow, and a water bolus swallow. Swallow-related laryngeal movement was recorded simultaneously from the output of a bellows positioned over the thyroid cartilage. Statistical maps were generated by computing the difference between the magnitude of the voxel time course during 1) a single swallowing trial and 2) the corresponding control period. Automatic and volitional swallowing produced activation within several common cortical regions, the most prominent and consistent being located within the lateral precentral gyrus, lateral postcentral gyrus, and right insula. Activation foci within the superior temporal gyrus, middle and inferior frontal gyri, and frontal operculum also were identified for all swallowing tasks. In contrast, activation of the caudal anterior cingulate cortex was significantly more likely in association with the voluntary saliva swallow and water bolus swallow than the naïve swallow. These findings support the view that, in addition to known brain stem areas, human swallowing is represented within a number of spatially and functionally distinct cortical loci which may participate differentially in the regulation of swallowing. Activation of the insula was significantly lateralized to the right hemisphere for the voluntary saliva swallow, suggesting a functional hemispheric dominance of the insula for the processing of swallowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Martin
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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Bai O, Nakamura M, Shibasaki H. Assistant force compensation for hand movement of patients by using exogenous signals and/or neurophysiological signals. ARTIFICIAL LIFE AND ROBOTICS 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02481179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kunieda T, Ikeda A, Ohara S, Yazawa S, Nagamine T, Taki W, Hashimoto N, Shibasaki H. Different activation of presupplementary motor area, supplementary motor area proper, and primary sensorimotor area, depending on the movement repetition rate in humans. Exp Brain Res 2000; 135:163-72. [PMID: 11131500 DOI: 10.1007/s002210000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to clarify the functional role of the supplementary motor area (SMA) and its rostral part (pre-SMA) in relation to the rate of repetitive finger movements, we recorded movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) directly from the surface of the mesial frontal lobe by using subdural electrode grids implanted in four patients with intractable partial epilepsy. Two subregions in the SMA were identified based on the anatomical location and the different response to cortical stimulation. In three of the four subjects, we also recorded MRCPs from the surface of the lateral convexity covering the primary sensorimotor areas (SI-MI), which were defined by cortical stimulation and SEP recording. The subjects extended the middle finger or opposed the thumb against other fingers of the same hand at a self-paced rate of 0.2 Hz (slow) and 2 Hz (rapid), each in separate sessions. As a result, pre-and postmovement potentials were clearly seen at the SI-MI in both slow- and rapid-rate movements. By contrast, in the SMA, especially in the pre-SMA, premovement potentials were not seen and postmovement potentials were seldom seen in the rapid rate movement. In the slow-rate condition, pre- and postmovement potentials were clearly seen in both the pre-SMA and the SMA proper. In conclusion, the SMA, especially the pre-SMA, is less activated electrophysiologically in the rapid-rate movements, while the SI-MI remains active regardless of the movement rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kunieda
- Department of Brain Pathophysiology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Japan
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