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Lenc T, Peter V, Hooper C, Keller PE, Burnham D, Nozaradan S. Infants show enhanced neural responses to musical meter frequencies beyond low-level features. Dev Sci 2023; 26:e13353. [PMID: 36415027 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Music listening often entails spontaneous perception and body movement to a periodic pulse-like meter. There is increasing evidence that this cross-cultural ability relates to neural processes that selectively enhance metric periodicities, even when these periodicities are not prominent in the acoustic stimulus. However, whether these neural processes emerge early in development remains largely unknown. Here, we recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG) of 20 healthy 5- to 6-month-old infants, while they were exposed to two rhythms known to induce the perception of meter consistently across Western adults. One rhythm contained prominent acoustic periodicities corresponding to the meter, whereas the other rhythm did not. Infants showed significantly enhanced representations of meter periodicities in their EEG responses to both rhythms. This effect is unlikely to reflect the tracking of salient acoustic features in the stimulus, as it was observed irrespective of the prominence of meter periodicities in the audio signals. Moreover, as previously observed in adults, the neural enhancement of meter was greater when the rhythm was delivered by low-pitched sounds. Together, these findings indicate that the endogenous enhancement of metric periodicities beyond low-level acoustic features is a neural property that is already present soon after birth. These high-level neural processes could set the stage for internal representations of musical meter that are critical for human movement coordination during rhythmic musical behavior. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: 5- to 6-month-old infants were presented with auditory rhythms that induce the perception of a periodic pulse-like meter in adults. Infants showed selective enhancement of EEG activity at meter-related frequencies irrespective of the prominence of these frequencies in the stimulus. Responses at meter-related frequencies were boosted when the rhythm was conveyed by bass sounds. High-level neural processes that transform rhythmic auditory stimuli into internal meter templates emerge early after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Lenc
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Varghese Peter
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Caitlin Hooper
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter E Keller
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Music in the Brain & Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Denis Burnham
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Canada
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2
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Lapenta OM, Keller PE, Nozaradan S, Varlet M. Spatial and temporal (non)binding of audiovisual rhythms in sensorimotor synchronisation. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:875-887. [PMID: 36788141 PMCID: PMC9985575 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Human movement synchronisation with moving objects strongly relies on visual input. However, auditory information also plays an important role, since real environments are intrinsically multimodal. We used electroencephalography (EEG) frequency tagging to investigate the selective neural processing and integration of visual and auditory information during motor tracking and tested the effects of spatial and temporal congruency between audiovisual modalities. EEG was recorded while participants tracked with their index finger a red flickering (rate fV = 15 Hz) dot oscillating horizontally on a screen. The simultaneous auditory stimulus was modulated in pitch (rate fA = 32 Hz) and lateralised between left and right audio channels to induce perception of a periodic displacement of the sound source. Audiovisual congruency was manipulated in terms of space in Experiment 1 (no motion, same direction or opposite direction), and timing in Experiment 2 (no delay, medium delay or large delay). For both experiments, significant EEG responses were elicited at fV and fA tagging frequencies. It was also hypothesised that intermodulation products corresponding to the nonlinear integration of visual and auditory stimuli at frequencies fV ± fA would be elicited, due to audiovisual integration, especially in Congruent conditions. However, these components were not observed. Moreover, synchronisation and EEG results were not influenced by congruency manipulations, which invites further exploration of the conditions which may modulate audiovisual processing and the motor tracking of moving objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Morgan Lapenta
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, Center for Investigation in Psychology, University of Minho, Rua da Universidade, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Peter E Keller
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sylvie Nozaradan
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Manuel Varlet
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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Varlet M, Nozaradan S, Schmidt RC, Keller PE. Neural tracking of visual periodic motion. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:1081-1097. [PMID: 36788113 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Periodicity is a fundamental property of biological systems, including human movement systems. Periodic movements support displacements of the body in the environment as well as interactions and communication between individuals. Here, we use electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the neural tracking of visual periodic motion, and more specifically, the relevance of spatiotemporal information contained at and between their turning points. We compared EEG responses to visual sinusoidal oscillations versus nonlinear Rayleigh oscillations, which are both typical of human movements. These oscillations contain the same spatiotemporal information at their turning points but differ between turning points, with Rayleigh oscillations having an earlier peak velocity, shown to increase an individual's capacity to produce accurately synchronized movements. EEG analyses highlighted the relevance of spatiotemporal information between the turning points by showing that the brain precisely tracks subtle differences in velocity profiles, as indicated by earlier EEG responses for Rayleigh oscillations. The results suggest that the brain is particularly responsive to velocity peaks in visual periodic motion, supporting their role in conveying behaviorally relevant timing information at a neurophysiological level. The results also suggest key functions of neural oscillations in the Alpha and Beta frequency bands, particularly in the right hemisphere. Together, these findings provide insights into the neural mechanisms underpinning the processing of visual periodic motion and the critical role of velocity peaks in enabling proficient visuomotor synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Varlet
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.,School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Richard C Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter E Keller
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.,Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
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4
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Sauvé SA, Bolt ELW, Nozaradan S, Zendel BR. Aging effects on neural processing of rhythm and meter. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:848608. [PMID: 36118692 PMCID: PMC9475293 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.848608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When listening to musical rhythm, humans can perceive and move to beat-like metrical pulses. Recently, it has been hypothesized that meter perception is related to brain activity responding to the acoustic fluctuation of the rhythmic input, with selective enhancement of the brain response elicited at meter-related frequencies. In the current study, electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded while younger (<35) and older (>60) adults listened to rhythmic patterns presented at two different tempi while intermittently performing a tapping task. Despite significant hearing loss compared to younger adults, older adults showed preserved brain activity to the rhythms. However, age effects were observed in the distribution of amplitude across frequencies. Specifically, in contrast with younger adults, older adults showed relatively larger amplitude at the frequency corresponding to the rate of individual events making up the rhythms as compared to lower meter-related frequencies. This difference is compatible with larger N1-P2 potentials as generally observed in older adults in response to acoustic onsets, irrespective of meter perception. These larger low-level responses to sounds have been linked to processes by which age-related hearing loss would be compensated by cortical sensory mechanisms. Importantly, this low-level effect would be associated here with relatively reduced neural activity at lower frequencies corresponding to higher-level metrical grouping of the acoustic events, as compared to younger adults.
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Lapenta OM, Keller PE, Nozaradan S, Varlet M. Lateralised dynamic modulations of corticomuscular coherence associated with bimanual learning of rhythmic patterns. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6271. [PMID: 35428836 PMCID: PMC9012795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human movements are spontaneously attracted to auditory rhythms, triggering an automatic activation of the motor system, a central phenomenon to music perception and production. Cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) in the theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequencies has been used as an index of the synchronisation between cortical motor regions and the muscles. Here we investigated how learning to produce a bimanual rhythmic pattern composed of low- and high-pitch sounds affects CMC in the beta frequency band. Electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) from the left and right First Dorsal Interosseus and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis muscles were concurrently recorded during constant pressure on a force sensor held between the thumb and index finger while listening to the rhythmic pattern before and after a bimanual training session. During the training, participants learnt to produce the rhythmic pattern guided by visual cues by pressing the force sensors with their left or right hand to produce the low- and high-pitch sounds, respectively. Results revealed no changes after training in overall beta CMC or beta oscillation amplitude, nor in the correlation between the left and right sides for EEG and EMG separately. However, correlation analyses indicated that left- and right-hand beta EEG-EMG coherence were positively correlated over time before training but became uncorrelated after training. This suggests that learning to bimanually produce a rhythmic musical pattern reinforces lateralised and segregated cortico-muscular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Morgan Lapenta
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia. .,Center for Investigation in Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Peter E Keller
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Sylvie Nozaradan
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.,Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Manuel Varlet
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.,School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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Lenc T, Merchant H, Keller PE, Honing H, Varlet M, Nozaradan S. Mapping between sound, brain and behaviour: four-level framework for understanding rhythm processing in humans and non-human primates. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200325. [PMID: 34420381 PMCID: PMC8380981 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans perceive and spontaneously move to one or several levels of periodic pulses (a meter, for short) when listening to musical rhythm, even when the sensory input does not provide prominent periodic cues to their temporal location. Here, we review a multi-levelled framework to understanding how external rhythmic inputs are mapped onto internally represented metric pulses. This mapping is studied using an approach to quantify and directly compare representations of metric pulses in signals corresponding to sensory inputs, neural activity and behaviour (typically body movement). Based on this approach, recent empirical evidence can be drawn together into a conceptual framework that unpacks the phenomenon of meter into four levels. Each level highlights specific functional processes that critically enable and shape the mapping from sensory input to internal meter. We discuss the nature, constraints and neural substrates of these processes, starting with fundamental mechanisms investigated in macaque monkeys that enable basic forms of mapping between simple rhythmic stimuli and internally represented metric pulse. We propose that human evolution has gradually built a robust and flexible system upon these fundamental processes, allowing more complex levels of mapping to emerge in musical behaviours. This approach opens promising avenues to understand the many facets of rhythmic behaviours across individuals and species. This article is part of the theme issue 'Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Lenc
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Hugo Merchant
- Instituto de Neurobiologia, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Peter E. Keller
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Henkjan Honing
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), Institute for Logic, Language and Computation (ILLC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Varlet
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium
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7
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Abstract
The extent of high-level perceptual processing during sleep remains controversial. In wakefulness, perception of periodicities supports the emergence of high-order representations such as the pulse-like meter perceived while listening to music. Electroencephalography (EEG) frequency-tagged responses elicited at envelope frequencies of musical rhythms have been shown to provide a neural representation of rhythm processing. Specifically, responses at frequencies corresponding to the perceived meter are enhanced over responses at meter-unrelated frequencies. This selective enhancement must rely on higher-level perceptual processes, as it occurs even in irregular (i.e., syncopated) rhythms where meter frequencies are not prominent input features, thus ruling out acoustic confounds. We recorded EEG while presenting a regular (unsyncopated) and an irregular (syncopated) rhythm across sleep stages and wakefulness. Our results show that frequency-tagged responses at meter-related frequencies of the rhythms were selectively enhanced during wakefulness but attenuated across sleep states. Most importantly, this selective attenuation occurred even in response to the irregular rhythm, where meter-related frequencies were not prominent in the stimulus, thus suggesting that neural processes selectively enhancing meter-related frequencies during wakefulness are weakened during rapid eye movement (REM) and further suppressed in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. These results indicate preserved processing of low-level acoustic properties but limited higher-order processing of auditory rhythms during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Sifuentes-Ortega
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences, and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tomas Lenc
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences, and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Chang A, Bedoin N, Canette LH, Nozaradan S, Thompson D, Corneyllie A, Tillmann B, Trainor LJ. Atypical beta power fluctuation while listening to an isochronous sequence in dyslexia. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2384-2390. [PMID: 34454265 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Developmental dyslexia is a reading disorder that features difficulties in perceiving and tracking rhythmic regularities in auditory streams, such as speech and music. Studies on typical healthy participants have shown that power fluctuations of neural oscillations in beta band (15-25 Hz) reflect an essential mechanism for tracking rhythm or entrainment and relate to predictive timing and attentional processes. Here we investigated whether adults with dyslexia have atypical beta power fluctuation. METHODS The electroencephalographic activities of individuals with dyslexia (n = 13) and typical control participants (n = 13) were measured while they passively listened to an isochronous tone sequence (2 Hz presentation rate). The time-frequency neural activities generated from auditory cortices were analyzed. RESULTS The phase of beta power fluctuation at the 2 Hz stimulus presentation rate differed and appeared opposite between individuals with dyslexia and controls. CONCLUSIONS Atypical beta power fluctuation might reflect deficits in perceiving and tracking auditory rhythm in dyslexia. SIGNIFICANCE These findings extend our understanding of atypical neural activities for tracking rhythm in dyslexia and could inspire novel methods to objectively measure the benefits of training, and predict potential benefit of auditory rhythmic rehabilitation programs on an individual basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chang
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bedoin
- CNRS, UMR5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, IMPACT Team, Bron, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; University Lyon 2, Bron, France
| | - Laure-Helene Canette
- University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; CNRS, UMR5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Auditory Cognition and Psychoacoustics Team, Bron, France
| | - Sylvie Nozaradan
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier 53, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, 1200, Belgium
| | - Dave Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; McMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Alexandra Corneyllie
- University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; CNRS, UMR5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Auditory Cognition and Psychoacoustics Team, Bron, France
| | - Barbara Tillmann
- University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; CNRS, UMR5292, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Auditory Cognition and Psychoacoustics Team, Bron, France.
| | - Laurel J Trainor
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; McMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada.
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Varlet M, Nozaradan S, Trainor L, Keller PE. Dynamic Modulation of Beta Band Cortico-Muscular Coupling Induced by Audio-Visual Rhythms. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 1:tgaa043. [PMID: 34296112 PMCID: PMC8263089 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human movements often spontaneously fall into synchrony with auditory and visual environmental rhythms. Related behavioral studies have shown that motor responses are automatically and unintentionally coupled with external rhythmic stimuli. However, the neurophysiological processes underlying such motor entrainment remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated with electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) the modulation of neural and muscular activity induced by periodic audio and/or visual sequences. The sequences were presented at either 1 or 2 Hz, while participants maintained constant finger pressure on a force sensor. The results revealed that although there was no change of amplitude in participants' EMG in response to the sequences, the synchronization between EMG and EEG recorded over motor areas in the beta (12-40 Hz) frequency band was dynamically modulated, with maximal coherence occurring about 100 ms before each stimulus. These modulations in beta EEG-EMG motor coherence were found for the 2-Hz audio-visual sequences, confirming at a neurophysiological level the enhancement of motor entrainment with multimodal rhythms that fall within preferred perceptual and movement frequency ranges. Our findings identify beta band cortico-muscular coupling as a potential underlying mechanism of motor entrainment, further elucidating the nature of the link between sensory and motor systems in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Varlet
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Sylvie Nozaradan
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Laurel Trainor
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter E Keller
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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10
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Alemi R, Nozaradan S, Lehmann A. Free-Field Cortical Steady-State Evoked Potentials in Cochlear Implant Users. Brain Topogr 2021; 34:664-680. [PMID: 34185222 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-021-00860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Auditory steady-state evoked potentials (SS-EPs) are phase-locked neural responses to periodic stimuli, believed to reflect specific neural generators. As an objective measure, steady-state responses have been used in different clinical settings, including measuring hearing thresholds of normal and hearing-impaired subjects. Recent studies are in favor of recording these responses as a part of the cochlear implant (CI) device-fitting procedure. Considering these potential benefits, the goals of the present study were to assess the feasibility of recording free-field SS-EPs in CI users and to compare their characteristics between CI users and controls. By taking advantage of a recently developed dual-frequency tagging method, we attempted to record subcortical and cortical SS-EPs from adult CI users and controls and measured reliable subcortical and cortical SS-EPs in the control group. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to remove CI stimulation artifacts, yet subcortical responses of several CIs were heavily contaminated by these artifacts. Consequently, only cortical SS-EPs were compared between groups, which were found to be larger in the controls. The lower cortical SS-EPs' amplitude in CI users might indicate a reduction in neural synchrony evoked by the modulation rate of the auditory input across different neural assemblies in the auditory pathway. The brain topographies of cortical auditory SS-EPs, the time course of cortical responses, and the reconstructed cortical maps were highly similar between groups, confirming their neural origin and possibility to obtain such responses also in CI recipients. As for subcortical SS-EPs, our results highlight a need for sophisticated denoising algorithms to pinpoint and remove artifactual components from the biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Alemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Centre for Research On Brain, Language & Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Canada.
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music & Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Lehmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Research On Brain, Language & Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music & Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, QC, Canada
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11
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Nijhuis P, Keller PE, Nozaradan S, Varlet M. Dynamic modulation of cortico-muscular coupling during real and imagined sensorimotor synchronisation. Neuroimage 2021; 238:118209. [PMID: 34051354 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
People have a natural and intrinsic ability to coordinate body movements with rhythms surrounding them, known as sensorimotor synchronisation. This can be observed in daily environments, when dancing or singing along with music, or spontaneously walking, talking or applauding in synchrony with one another. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying accurately synchronised movement with selected rhythms in the environment remain unclear. Here we studied real and imagined sensorimotor synchronisation with interleaved auditory and visual rhythms using cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) to better understand the processes underlying the preparation and execution of synchronised movement. Electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG) from the finger flexors, and continuous force signals were recorded in 20 participants during tapping and imagined tapping with discrete stimulus sequences consisting of alternating auditory beeps and visual flashes. The results show that the synchronisation between cortical and muscular activity in the beta (14-38 Hz) frequency band becomes time-locked to the taps executed in synchrony with the visual and auditory stimuli. Dynamic modulation in CMC also occurred when participants imagined tapping with the visual stimuli, but with lower amplitude and a different temporal profile compared to real tapping. These results suggest that CMC does not only reflect changes related to the production of the synchronised movement, but also to its preparation, which appears heightened under higher attentional demands imposed when synchronising with the visual stimuli. These findings highlight a critical role of beta band neural oscillations in the cortical-muscular coupling underlying sensorimotor synchronisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patti Nijhuis
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Peter E Keller
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience (Ions), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Manuel Varlet
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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Bouvet CJ, Bardy BG, Keller PE, Dalla Bella S, Nozaradan S, Varlet M. Accent-induced Modulation of Neural and Movement Patterns during Spontaneous Synchronization to Auditory Rhythms. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:2260-2271. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Human rhythmic movements spontaneously synchronize with auditory rhythms at various frequency ratios. The emergence of more complex relationships—for instance, frequency ratios of 1:2 and 1:3—is enhanced by adding a congruent accentuation pattern (binary for 1:2 and ternary for 1:3), resulting in a 1:1 movement–accentuation relationship. However, this benefit of accentuation on movement synchronization appears to be stronger for the ternary pattern than for the binary pattern. Here, we investigated whether this difference in accent-induced movement synchronization may be related to a difference in the neural tracking of these accentuation profiles. Accented and control unaccented auditory sequences were presented to participants who concurrently produced finger taps at their preferred frequency, and spontaneous movement synchronization was measured. EEG was recorded during passive listening to each auditory sequence. The results revealed that enhanced movement synchronization with ternary accentuation was accompanied by enhanced neural tracking of this pattern. Larger EEG responses at the accentuation frequency were found for the ternary pattern compared with the binary pattern. Moreover, the amplitude of accent-induced EEG responses was positively correlated with the magnitude of accent-induced movement synchronization across participants. Altogether, these findings show that the dynamics of spontaneous auditory–motor synchronization is strongly driven by the multi-time-scale sensory processing of auditory rhythms, highlighting the importance of considering neural responses to rhythmic sequences for understanding and enhancing synchronization performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simone Dalla Bella
- Université Montpellier
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Canada
- University of Montreal
- University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw
| | - Sylvie Nozaradan
- Western Sydney University
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Canada
- Université Catholique de Louvain
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13
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Lenc T, Keller PE, Varlet M, Nozaradan S. Neural and Behavioral Evidence for Frequency-Selective Context Effects in Rhythm Processing in Humans. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa037. [PMID: 34296106 PMCID: PMC8152888 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
When listening to music, people often perceive and move along with a periodic meter. However, the dynamics of mapping between meter perception and the acoustic cues to meter periodicities in the sensory input remain largely unknown. To capture these dynamics, we recorded the electroencephalography while nonmusician and musician participants listened to nonrepeating rhythmic sequences, where acoustic cues to meter frequencies either gradually decreased (from regular to degraded) or increased (from degraded to regular). The results revealed greater neural activity selectively elicited at meter frequencies when the sequence gradually changed from regular to degraded compared with the opposite. Importantly, this effect was unlikely to arise from overall gain, or low-level auditory processing, as revealed by physiological modeling. Moreover, the context effect was more pronounced in nonmusicians, who also demonstrated facilitated sensory-motor synchronization with the meter for sequences that started as regular. In contrast, musicians showed weaker effects of recent context in their neural responses and robust ability to move along with the meter irrespective of stimulus degradation. Together, our results demonstrate that brain activity elicited by rhythm does not only reflect passive tracking of stimulus features, but represents continuous integration of sensory input with recent context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Lenc
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour, and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Peter E Keller
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour, and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Manuel Varlet
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour, and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Sylvie Nozaradan
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour, and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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14
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Varlet M, Nozaradan S, Nijhuis P, Keller PE. Neural tracking and integration of ‘self’ and ‘other’ in improvised interpersonal coordination. Neuroimage 2020; 206:116303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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15
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Nozaradan S. The neuroscience of musical entrainment:
insights from EEG frequency-tagging. Front Neurosci 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fnins.2019.96.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Nozaradan S, Schönwiesner M, Keller PE, Lenc T, Lehmann A. Neural bases of rhythmic entrainment in humans: critical transformation between cortical and lower-level representations of auditory rhythm. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:321-332. [PMID: 29356161 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous ability to entrain to meter periodicities is central to music perception and production across cultures. There is increasing evidence that this ability involves selective neural responses to meter-related frequencies. This phenomenon has been observed in the human auditory cortex, yet it could be the product of evolutionarily older lower-level properties of brainstem auditory neurons, as suggested by recent recordings from rodent midbrain. We addressed this question by taking advantage of a new method to simultaneously record human EEG activity originating from cortical and lower-level sources, in the form of slow (< 20 Hz) and fast (> 150 Hz) responses to auditory rhythms. Cortical responses showed increased amplitudes at meter-related frequencies compared to meter-unrelated frequencies, regardless of the prominence of the meter-related frequencies in the modulation spectrum of the rhythmic inputs. In contrast, frequency-following responses showed increased amplitudes at meter-related frequencies only in rhythms with prominent meter-related frequencies in the input but not for a more complex rhythm requiring more endogenous generation of the meter. This interaction with rhythm complexity suggests that the selective enhancement of meter-related frequencies does not fully rely on subcortical auditory properties, but is critically shaped at the cortical level, possibly through functional connections between the auditory cortex and other, movement-related, brain structures. This process of temporal selection would thus enable endogenous and motor entrainment to emerge with substantial flexibility and invariance with respect to the rhythmic input in humans in contrast with non-human animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Nozaradan
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.,Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Louvain, Belgium.,International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Schönwiesner
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter E Keller
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Tomas Lenc
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Alexandre Lehmann
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Otolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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17
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Nozaradan S, Keller PE, Rossion B, Mouraux A. EEG Frequency-Tagging and Input-Output Comparison in Rhythm Perception. Brain Topogr 2017; 31:153-160. [PMID: 29127530 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-017-0605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The combination of frequency-tagging with electroencephalography (EEG) has recently proved fruitful for understanding the perception of beat and meter in musical rhythm, a common behavior shared by humans of all cultures. EEG frequency-tagging allows the objective measurement of input-output transforms to investigate beat perception, its modulation by exogenous and endogenous factors, development, and neural basis. Recent doubt has been raised about the validity of comparing frequency-domain representations of auditory rhythmic stimuli and corresponding EEG responses, assuming that it implies a one-to-one mapping between the envelope of the rhythmic input and the neural output, and that it neglects the sensitivity of frequency-domain representations to acoustic features making up the rhythms. Here we argue that these elements actually reinforce the strengths of the approach. The obvious fact that acoustic features influence the frequency spectrum of the sound envelope precisely justifies taking into consideration the sounds used to generate a beat percept for interpreting neural responses to auditory rhythms. Most importantly, the many-to-one relationship between rhythmic input and perceived beat actually validates an approach that objectively measures the input-output transforms underlying the perceptual categorization of rhythmic inputs. Hence, provided that a number of potential pitfalls and fallacies are avoided, EEG frequency-tagging to study input-output relationships appears valuable for understanding rhythm perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Nozaradan
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development (WSU), Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Institute of Neuroscience (Ions), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium. .,International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (Brams), Montreal, QC, Canada. .,MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
| | - Peter E Keller
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development (WSU), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruno Rossion
- Institute of Neuroscience (Ions), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Neurology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - André Mouraux
- Institute of Neuroscience (Ions), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Nozaradan S, Schwartze M, Obermeier C, Kotz SA. Specific contributions of basal ganglia and cerebellum to the neural tracking of rhythm. Cortex 2017; 95:156-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Nozaradan S, Mouraux A, Cousineau M. Frequency tagging to track the neural processing of contrast in fast, continuous sound sequences. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:243-253. [PMID: 28381494 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00971.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The human auditory system presents a remarkable ability to detect rapid changes in fast, continuous acoustic sequences, as best illustrated in speech and music. However, the neural processing of rapid auditory contrast remains largely unclear, probably due to the lack of methods to objectively dissociate the response components specifically related to the contrast from the other components in response to the sequence of fast continuous sounds. To overcome this issue, we tested a novel use of the frequency-tagging approach allowing contrast-specific neural responses to be tracked based on their expected frequencies. The EEG was recorded while participants listened to 40-s sequences of sounds presented at 8Hz. A tone or interaural time contrast was embedded every fifth sound (AAAAB), such that a response observed in the EEG at exactly 8 Hz/5 (1.6 Hz) or harmonics should be the signature of contrast processing by neural populations. Contrast-related responses were successfully identified, even in the case of very fine contrasts. Moreover, analysis of the time course of the responses revealed a stable amplitude over repetitions of the AAAAB patterns in the sequence, except for the response to perceptually salient contrasts that showed a buildup and decay across repetitions of the sounds. Overall, this new combination of frequency-tagging with an oddball design provides a valuable complement to the classic, transient, evoked potentials approach, especially in the context of rapid auditory information. Specifically, we provide objective evidence on the neural processing of contrast embedded in fast, continuous sound sequences.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recent theories suggest that the basis of neurodevelopmental auditory disorders such as dyslexia might be an impaired processing of fast auditory changes, highlighting how the encoding of rapid acoustic information is critical for auditory communication. Here, we present a novel electrophysiological approach to capture in humans neural markers of contrasts in fast continuous tone sequences. Contrast-specific responses were successfully identified, even for very fine contrasts, providing direct insight on the encoding of rapid auditory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; .,MARCS Institute for Brain, Behavior, and Development, Sydney, Australia; and.,International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (Brams), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Mouraux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marion Cousineau
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (Brams), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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20
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Lenc T, Keller P, Varlet M, Nozaradan S. Effect of tone frequency on neural processing of rhythms: Superior role of bass. Front Hum Neurosci 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2017.224.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Nozaradan S, Keller P, Lehmann A, Lenc T, Schönwiesner M. Enhanced representation of musical meter in cortical versus lower-level auditory activity. Front Hum Neurosci 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2017.224.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Derosiere G, Klein PA, Nozaradan S, Mouraux A, Zénon A, Duque J. Impact of conflict expectation on selective attention and action selection processes during motor decisions: an EEG study. Front Neurosci 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fnins.2017.94.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Nozaradan S, Mouraux A, Jonas J, Colnat-Coulbois S, Rossion B, Maillard L. Intracerebral evidence of rhythm transform in the human auditory cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:2389-2404. [PMID: 27990557 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Musical entrainment is shared by all human cultures and the perception of a periodic beat is a cornerstone of this entrainment behavior. Here, we investigated whether beat perception might have its roots in the earliest stages of auditory cortical processing. Local field potentials were recorded from 8 patients implanted with depth-electrodes in Heschl's gyrus and the planum temporale (55 recording sites in total), usually considered as human primary and secondary auditory cortices. Using a frequency-tagging approach, we show that both low-frequency (<30 Hz) and high-frequency (>30 Hz) neural activities in these structures faithfully track auditory rhythms through frequency-locking to the rhythm envelope. A selective gain in amplitude of the response frequency-locked to the beat frequency was observed for the low-frequency activities but not for the high-frequency activities, and was sharper in the planum temporale, especially for the more challenging syncopated rhythm. Hence, this gain process is not systematic in all activities produced in these areas and depends on the complexity of the rhythmic input. Moreover, this gain was disrupted when the rhythm was presented at fast speed, revealing low-pass response properties which could account for the propensity to perceive a beat only within the musical tempo range. Together, these observations show that, even though part of these neural transforms of rhythms could already take place in subcortical auditory processes, the earliest auditory cortical processes shape the neural representation of rhythmic inputs in favor of the emergence of a periodic beat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience (Ions), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 53, Avenue Mounier, UCL 53.75, 1200, Brussels, Belgium. .,The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2214, Australia. .,International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (Brams), Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - André Mouraux
- Institute of Neuroscience (Ions), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 53, Avenue Mounier, UCL 53.75, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Jonas
- Institute of Neuroscience (Ions), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 53, Avenue Mounier, UCL 53.75, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.,Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, 54035, Nancy, France.,CRAN UMR 7039 CNRS Université de Lorraine, 54035, Nancy, France
| | - Sophie Colnat-Coulbois
- Neurosurgery Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, 54035, Nancy, France
| | - Bruno Rossion
- Institute of Neuroscience (Ions), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 53, Avenue Mounier, UCL 53.75, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.,Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, 54035, Nancy, France.,Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Louis Maillard
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, 54035, Nancy, France.,CRAN UMR 7039 CNRS Université de Lorraine, 54035, Nancy, France
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24
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Cirelli LK, Spinelli C, Nozaradan S, Trainor LJ. Measuring Neural Entrainment to Beat and Meter in Infants: Effects of Music Background. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:229. [PMID: 27252619 PMCID: PMC4877507 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caregivers often engage in musical interactions with their infants. For example, parents across cultures sing lullabies and playsongs to their infants from birth. Behavioral studies indicate that infants not only extract beat information, but also group these beats into metrical hierarchies by as early as 6 months of age. However, it is not known how this is accomplished in the infant brain. An EEG frequency-tagging approach has been used successfully with adults to measure neural entrainment to auditory rhythms. The current study is the first to use this technique with infants in order to investigate how infants' brains encode rhythms. Furthermore, we examine how infant and parent music background is associated with individual differences in rhythm encoding. In Experiment 1, EEG was recorded while 7-month-old infants listened to an ambiguous rhythmic pattern that could be perceived to be in two different meters. In Experiment 2, EEG was recorded while 15-month-old infants listened to a rhythmic pattern with an unambiguous meter. In both age groups, information about music background (parent music training, infant music classes, hours of music listening) was collected. Both age groups showed clear EEG responses frequency-locked to the rhythms, at frequencies corresponding to both beat and meter. For the younger infants (Experiment 1), the amplitudes at duple meter frequencies were selectively enhanced for infants enrolled in music classes compared to those who had not engaged in such classes. For the older infants (Experiment 2), amplitudes at beat and meter frequencies were larger for infants with musically-trained compared to musically-untrained parents. These results suggest that the frequency-tagging method is sensitive to individual differences in beat and meter processing in infancy and could be used to track developmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Cirelli
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christina Spinelli
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvie Nozaradan
- MARCS Institute, Western Sydney UniversityMilperra, NSW, Australia; Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; BRAMS, Université de MontréalOutremont, QC, Canada
| | - Laurel J Trainor
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster UniversityHamilton, ON, Canada; McMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster UniversityHamilton, ON, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest HospitalToronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Nozaradan S, Peretz I, Keller PE. Individual Differences in Rhythmic Cortical Entrainment Correlate with Predictive Behavior in Sensorimotor Synchronization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20612. [PMID: 26847160 PMCID: PMC4742877 DOI: 10.1038/srep20612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aims at characterizing the mechanisms that allow humans to entrain the mind and body to incoming rhythmic sensory inputs in real time. We addressed this unresolved issue by examining the relationship between covert neural processes and overt behavior in the context of musical rhythm. We measured temporal prediction abilities, sensorimotor synchronization accuracy and neural entrainment to auditory rhythms as captured using an EEG frequency-tagging approach. Importantly, movement synchronization accuracy with a rhythmic beat could be explained by the amplitude of neural activity selectively locked with the beat period when listening to the rhythmic inputs. Furthermore, stronger endogenous neural entrainment at the beat frequency was associated with superior temporal prediction abilities. Together, these results reveal a direct link between cortical and behavioral measures of rhythmic entrainment, thus providing evidence that frequency-tagged brain activity has functional relevance for beat perception and synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience (Ions), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Peretz
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Peter E. Keller
- The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Music Cognition & Action Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
The ability to perceive a regular beat in music and synchronize to this beat is a widespread human skill. Fundamental to musical behaviour, beat and meter refer to the perception of periodicities while listening to musical rhythms and often involve spontaneous entrainment to move on these periodicities. Here, we present a novel experimental approach inspired by the frequency-tagging approach to understand the perception and production of rhythmic inputs. This approach is illustrated here by recording the human electroencephalogram responses at beat and meter frequencies elicited in various contexts: mental imagery of meter, spontaneous induction of a beat from rhythmic patterns, multisensory integration and sensorimotor synchronization. Collectively, our observations support the view that entrainment and resonance phenomena subtend the processing of musical rhythms in the human brain. More generally, they highlight the potential of this approach to help us understand the link between the phenomenology of musical beat and meter and the bias towards periodicities arising under certain circumstances in the nervous system. Entrainment to music provides a highly valuable framework to explore general entrainment mechanisms as embodied in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience (Ions), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 53, Avenue Mounier-UCL 53.75, Bruxelles 1200, Belgium International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Canada H3C 3J7
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27
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Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that motor routines dynamically shape the processing of sensory inflow (e.g., when hand movements are used to feel a texture or identify an object). In the present research, we captured the shaping of auditory perception by movement in humans by taking advantage of a specific context: music. Participants listened to a repeated rhythmical sequence before and after moving their bodies to this rhythm in a specific meter. We found that the brain responses to the rhythm (as recorded with electroencephalography) after body movement were significantly enhanced at frequencies related to the meter to which the participants had moved. These results provide evidence that body movement can selectively shape the subsequent internal representation of auditory rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Chemin
- Institute of Neuroscience, System and Cognition Department, Université Catholique de Louvain
| | - André Mouraux
- Institute of Neuroscience, System and Cognition Department, Université Catholique de Louvain
| | - Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience, System and Cognition Department, Université Catholique de Louvain International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research, Montreal, Canada
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28
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Nozaradan S, Zerouali Y, Peretz I, Mouraux A. Capturing with EEG the neural entrainment and coupling underlying sensorimotor synchronization to the beat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:736-47. [PMID: 24108804 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Synchronizing movements with rhythmic inputs requires tight coupling of sensory and motor neural processes. Here, using a novel approach based on the recording of steady-state-evoked potentials (SS-EPs), we examine how distant brain areas supporting these processes coordinate their dynamics. The electroencephalogram was recorded while subjects listened to a 2.4-Hz auditory beat and tapped their hand on every second beat. When subjects tapped to the beat, the EEG was characterized by a 2.4-Hz SS-EP compatible with beat-related entrainment and a 1.2-Hz SS-EP compatible with movement-related entrainment, based on the results of source analysis. Most importantly, when compared with passive listening of the beat, we found evidence suggesting an interaction between sensory- and motor-related activities when subjects tapped to the beat, in the form of (1) additional SS-EP appearing at 3.6 Hz, compatible with a nonlinear product of sensorimotor integration; (2) phase coupling of beat- and movement-related activities; and (3) selective enhancement of beat-related activities over the hemisphere contralateral to the tapping, suggesting a top-down effect of movement-related activities on auditory beat processing. Taken together, our results are compatible with the view that rhythmic sensorimotor synchronization is supported by a dynamic coupling of sensory and motor related activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Younes Zerouali
- Ecole de Technologie Supérieure, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Peretz
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - André Mouraux
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
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29
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Nozaradan S, Peretz I, Mouraux A. Steady-state evoked potentials as an index of multisensory temporal binding. Neuroimage 2011; 60:21-8. [PMID: 22155324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal congruency promotes perceptual binding of multisensory inputs. Here, we used EEG frequency-tagging to track cortical activities elicited by auditory and visual inputs separately, in the form of steady-state evoked potentials (SS-EPs). We tested whether SS-EPs could reveal a dynamic coupling of cortical activities related to the binding of auditory and visual inputs conveying synchronous vs. non-synchronous temporal periodicities, or beats. The temporally congruent audiovisual condition elicited markedly enhanced auditory and visual SS-EPs, as compared to the incongruent condition. Furthermore, an increased inter-trial phase coherence of both SS-EPs was observed in that condition. Taken together, these observations indicate that temporal congruency enhances the processing of multisensory inputs at sensory-specific stages of cortical processing, possibly through a dynamic binding by synchrony of the elicited activities and/or improved dynamic attending. Moreover, we show that EEG frequency-tagging with SS-EPs constitutes an effective tool to explore the neural dynamics of multisensory integration in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience (Ions), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
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Abstract
The timing of an upcoming event depends on two factors: its temporal position, proximal or distal with respect to the present moment, and the unavoidable stochastic variability around this temporal position. We searched for a general mechanism that could describe how these two factors influence the anticipation of an upcoming event in an oculomotor task. Monkeys were trained to pursue a moving target with their eyes. During a delay period inserted before target motion onset, anticipatory pursuit responses were frequently observed. We found that anticipatory movements were altered by the temporal position of the target. Increasing the timing uncertainty associated with the stimulus resulted in an increase in the width of the latency distribution of anticipatory pursuit. These results show that monkeys relied on an estimation of the changing probability of target motion onset as time elapsed during the delay to decide when to initiate an anticipatory smooth eye movement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philippe Lefèvre
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie and
- Center for Systems Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marcus Missal
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie and
- Center for Systems Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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