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Herrero-Labrador R, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Vecino R, González-Arias C, Ausín K, Crespo I, Fernández Acosta FJ, Nieto-Estévez V, Román MJ, Perea G, Torres-Alemán I, Santamaría E, Vicario C. Brain IGF-I regulates LTP, spatial memory, and sexual dimorphic behavior. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201691. [PMID: 37463753 PMCID: PMC10355288 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) exerts multiple actions, yet the role of IGF-I from different sources is poorly understood. Here, we explored the functional and behavioral consequences of the conditional deletion of Igf-I in the nervous system (Igf-I Δ/Δ), and demonstrated that long-term potentiation was impaired in hippocampal slices. Moreover, Igf-I Δ/Δ mice showed spatial memory deficits in the Morris water maze, and the significant sex-dependent differences displayed by Igf-I Ctrl/Ctrl mice disappeared in Igf-I Δ/Δ mice in the open field and rota-rod tests. Brain Igf-I deletion disorganized the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (DG), and it modified the relative expressions of GAD and VGLUT1, which are preferentially localized to inhibitory and excitatory presynaptic terminals. Furthermore, Igf-I deletion altered protein modules involved in receptor trafficking, synaptic proteins, and proteins that functionally interact with estrogen and androgen metabolism. Our findings indicate that brain IGF-I is crucial for long-term potentiation, and that it is involved in the regulation of spatial memory and sexual dimorphic behaviors, possibly by maintaining the granule cell layer structure and the stability of synaptic-related protein modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Herrero-Labrador
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Vecino
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Karina Ausín
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Crespo
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- CES Cardenal Cisneros, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vanesa Nieto-Estévez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M José Román
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gertrudis Perea
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres-Alemán
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, and Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Vicario
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Alves AAC, da Costa RM, Fonseca LFS, Carvalheiro R, Ventura RV, Rosa GJDM, Albuquerque LG. A Random Forest-Based Genome-Wide Scan Reveals Fertility-Related Candidate Genes and Potential Inter-Chromosomal Epistatic Regions Associated With Age at First Calving in Nellore Cattle. Front Genet 2022; 13:834724. [PMID: 35692843 PMCID: PMC9178659 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.834724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to perform a genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) using the Random Forest (RF) approach for scanning candidate genes for age at first calving (AFC) in Nellore cattle. Additionally, potential epistatic effects were investigated using linear mixed models with pairwise interactions between all markers with high importance scores within the tree ensemble non-linear structure. Data from Nellore cattle were used, including records of animals born between 1984 and 2015 and raised in commercial herds located in different regions of Brazil. The estimated breeding values (EBV) were computed and used as the response variable in the genomic analyses. After quality control, the remaining number of animals and SNPs considered were 3,174 and 360,130, respectively. Five independent RF analyses were carried out, considering different initialization seeds. The importance score of each SNP was averaged across the independent RF analyses to rank the markers according to their predictive relevance. A total of 117 SNPs associated with AFC were identified, which spanned 10 autosomes (2, 3, 5, 10, 11, 17, 18, 21, 24, and 25). In total, 23 non-overlapping genomic regions embedded 262 candidate genes for AFC. Enrichment analysis and previous evidence in the literature revealed that many candidate genes annotated close to the lead SNPs have key roles in fertility, including embryo pre-implantation and development, embryonic viability, male germinal cell maturation, and pheromone recognition. Furthermore, some genomic regions previously associated with fertility and growth traits in Nellore cattle were also detected in the present study, reinforcing the effectiveness of RF for pre-screening candidate regions associated with complex traits. Complementary analyses revealed that many SNPs top-ranked in the RF-based GWAS did not present a strong marginal linear effect but are potentially involved in epistatic hotspots between genomic regions in different autosomes, remarkably in the BTAs 3, 5, 11, and 21. The reported results are expected to enhance the understanding of genetic mechanisms involved in the biological regulation of AFC in this cattle breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Antonio Carvalho Alves
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rebeka Magalhães da Costa
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fernanda Simielli Fonseca
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carvalheiro
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vieira Ventura
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Lucia Galvão Albuquerque
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
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3
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Lin JG, Lin SZ, Lin LH, Wu CC, Tsai WT, Harn HJ, Su LH, Ho WY, Hsieh CJ, Ho TJ. Effects of Moxibustion on the Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1: A Pilot Study. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:551-556. [PMID: 29692183 PMCID: PMC6038048 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717724795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Moxibustion (艾灸) is a traditional Chinese medicine therapy performed using Artemisia argyii. Zusanli (足三里, ST36) is an acupoint in the stomach meridian, long associated in ancient Chinese medical practices with the extension of life span when moxibustion is applied to it. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels after application of moxibustion to ST36. Four healthy men and women participated in this 28-day trial and were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A received moxibustion treatment from days 1 to 14, while group B received moxibustion treatment from days 15 to 28. Blood samples were taken 5 times during this study to measure serum IGF-1 (s-IGF-1) levels. The s-IGF-1 levels increased in both groups after 7 and 14 d of moxibustion therapy (group A: 11.02% [7 d] and 29.65% [14 d]; group B: 169.12% [7 d] and 274.85% [14 d]). After moxibustion therapy had been completed (day 14), s-IGF-1 levels continued to increase in group A (increases on day 21 and day 28 were 53.19% and 61.45%, respectively). There were no adverse events in either group. The s-IGF-1 levels were significantly raised in both groups after 7 and 14 d of moxibustion therapy. Moreover, once therapy had been completed, s-IGF-1 levels continued to increase in group A up to 14 d after the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaung-Geng Lin
- 1 School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang Shi, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- 2 Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Hwa Lin
- 3 Division of Chinese Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Liaoning Sheng, Tainan, Taiwan.,4 Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Liaoning Sheng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chang Wu
- 5 Division of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Tsai
- 5 Division of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- 6 Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hui Su
- 7 Department of Nursing, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Ho
- 8 Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan.,9 Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Che-Jui Hsieh
- 1 School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang Shi, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- 1 School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang Shi, Taichung, Taiwan.,3 Division of Chinese Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Liaoning Sheng, Tainan, Taiwan.,5 Division of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan
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Gomi K, Tang Y, Arbelaez V, Crystal RG, Walters MS. Endothelial Cell Mediated Promotion of Ciliated Cell Differentiation of Human Airway Basal Cells via Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Mediated Signaling. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:309-317. [PMID: 28050756 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human airway basal cells (BC) function as stem/progenitor cells of the human airway epithelium, capable of differentiating into ciliated and secretory cells during turnover and repair. The positioning of BC along the basement membrane allows for potential paracrine signaling from non-epithelial cells in the mesenchyme to regulate BC function. Based on the knowledge that interaction between the airway epithelium and mesenchyme is critical for proper maintenance of both tissues, and that endothelial cells (EC) can regulate multiple functions of BC, the present study was designed to help understand the role of BC and EC cross-talk in regulating BC stem/progenitor function. Using an in vitro co-culture system that mimics the in vivo physical separation of these cell types, we assessed the impact of primary lung microvascular EC on differentiation of primary BC into a mucociliated epithelium. The data demonstrate that co-culture of BC and lung microvasculature EC results in increased ciliated cell differentiation of BC via activation of insulin (INS) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) receptor (INSR and IGF1R) mediated signaling in BC. Consistent with this data, siRNA mediated knockdown of INSR and IGF1R in BC suppressed ciliated cell differentiation. Together these findings identify an important signaling pathway required for differentiation of BC into a ciliated cells and demonstrate the importance of BC-EC cross-talk in regulating normal airway epithelial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Gomi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yongjiang Tang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Vanessa Arbelaez
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Matthew S Walters
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 N. Research Parkway, Building 800, 4th Floor, Rm 410, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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5
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López IP, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Pais RS, Torrens R, Hoeflich A, Pichel JG. Involvement of Igf1r in Bronchiolar Epithelial Regeneration: Role during Repair Kinetics after Selective Club Cell Ablation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166388. [PMID: 27861515 PMCID: PMC5115747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of lung epithelium is vital for maintaining airway function and integrity. An imbalance between epithelial damage and repair is at the basis of numerous chronic lung diseases such as asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. IGF (Insulin-like Growth Factors) signaling has been associated with most of these respiratory pathologies, although their mechanisms of action in this tissue remain poorly understood. Expression profiles analyses of IGF system genes performed in mouse lung support their functional implication in pulmonary ontogeny. Immuno-localization revealed high expression levels of Igf1r (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor) in lung epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and smooth muscle. To further understand the role of Igf1r in pulmonary homeostasis, two distinct lung epithelial-specific Igf1r mutant mice were generated and studied. The lack of Igf1r disturbed airway epithelial differentiation in adult mice, and revealed enhanced proliferation and altered morphology in distal airway club cells. During recovery after naphthalene-induced club cell injury, the kinetics of terminal bronchiolar epithelium regeneration was hindered in Igf1r mutants, revealing increased proliferation and delayed differentiation of club and ciliated cells. Amid airway restoration, lungs of Igf1r deficient mice showed increased levels of Igf1, Insr, Igfbp3 and epithelial precursor markers, reduced amounts of Scgb1a1 protein, and alterations in IGF signaling mediators. These results support the role of Igf1r in controlling the kinetics of cell proliferation and differentiation during pulmonary airway epithelial regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Icíar P López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Rosete S Pais
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Raquel Torrens
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - José G Pichel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
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6
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Ahmed MK, Ye X, Taub PJ. Review of the Genetic Basis of Jaw Malformations. J Pediatr Genet 2016; 5:209-219. [PMID: 27895973 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic etiologies for congenital anomalies of the facial skeleton, namely, the maxilla and mandible, are important to understand and recognize. Malocclusions occur when there exist any significant deviation from what is considered a normal relationship between the upper jaw (maxilla) and the lower jaw (mandible). They may be the result of anomalies of the teeth alone, the bones alone, or both. A number of genes play a role in the facial skeletal development and are regulated by a host of additional regulatory molecules. As such, numerous craniofacial syndromes specifically affect the development of the jaws. The following review discusses several genetic anomalies that specifically affect the bones of the craniofacial skeleton and lead to malocclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairaj K Ahmed
- Department of Dentistry/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Xiaoqian Ye
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Peter J Taub
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
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Nieto-Estévez V, Oueslati-Morales CO, Li L, Pickel J, Morales AV, Vicario-Abejón C. Brain Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Directs the Transition from Stem Cells to Mature Neurons During Postnatal/Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2194-209. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Nieto-Estévez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos O. Oueslati-Morales
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
| | - Lingling Li
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
| | - James Pickel
- Transgenic Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Aixa V. Morales
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
| | - Carlos Vicario-Abejón
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
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8
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Nieto-Estévez V, Defterali Ç, Vicario-Abejón C. IGF-I: A Key Growth Factor that Regulates Neurogenesis and Synaptogenesis from Embryonic to Adult Stages of the Brain. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:52. [PMID: 26941597 PMCID: PMC4763060 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of neurons in the adult mammalian brain requires the activation of quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs). This activation and the sequential steps of neuron formation from NSCs are regulated by a number of stimuli, which include growth factors. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) exert pleiotropic effects, regulating multiple cellular processes depending on their concentration, cell type, and the developmental stage of the animal. Although IGF-I expression is relatively high in the embryonic brain its levels drop sharply in the adult brain except in neurogenic regions, i.e., the hippocampus (HP) and the subventricular zone-olfactory bulb (SVZ-OB). By contrast, the expression of IGF-IR remains relatively high in the brain irrespective of the age of the animal. Evidence indicates that IGF-I influences NSC proliferation and differentiation into neurons and glia as well as neuronal maturation including synapse formation. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that IGF-I not only promote adult neurogenesis by regulating NSC number and differentiation but also by influencing neuronal positioning and migration as described during SVZ-OB neurogenesis. In this article we will revise and discuss the actions reported for IGF-I signaling in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models, focusing on the maintenance and proliferation of NSCs/progenitors, neurogenesis, and neuron integration in synaptic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Nieto-Estévez
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto CajalMadrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
| | - Çağla Defterali
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto CajalMadrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vicario-Abejón
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto CajalMadrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
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9
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Differential organ phenotypes after postnatal Igf1r gene conditional deletion induced by tamoxifen in UBC-CreERT2; Igf1r fl/fl double transgenic mice. Transgenic Res 2014; 24:279-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-014-9837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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McGillick EV, Morrison JL, McMillen IC, Orgeig S. Intrafetal glucose infusion alters glucocorticoid signaling and reduces surfactant protein mRNA expression in the lung of the late-gestation sheep fetus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R538-45. [PMID: 24990855 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00053.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Increased circulating fetal glucose and insulin concentrations are potential inhibitors of fetal lung maturation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in infants of diabetic mothers. In this study, we examined the effect of intrafetal glucose infusion on mRNA expression of glucose transporters, insulin-like growth factor signaling, glucocorticoid regulatory genes, and surfactant proteins in the lung of the late-gestation sheep fetus. The numerical density of the cells responsible for producing surfactant was determined using immunohistochemistry. Glucose infusion for 10 days did not affect mRNA expression of glucose transporters or IGFs but did decrease IGF-1R expression. There was reduced mRNA expression of the glucocorticoid-converting enzyme HSD11B-1 and the glucocorticoid receptor, potentially reducing glucocorticoid responsiveness in the fetal lung. Furthermore, surfactant protein (SFTP) mRNA expression was reduced in the lung following glucose infusion, while the number of SFTP-B-positive cells remained unchanged. These findings suggest the presence of a glucocorticoid-mediated mechanism regulating delayed maturation of the surfactant system in the sheep fetus following glucose infusion and provide evidence for the link between abnormal glycemic control during pregnancy and the increased risk of RDS in infants of uncontrolled diabetic mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin V McGillick
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and Molecular and Evolutionary Physiology of the Lung Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - I Caroline McMillen
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Sandra Orgeig
- Molecular and Evolutionary Physiology of the Lung Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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11
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Pais RS, Moreno-Barriuso N, Hernández-Porras I, López IP, De Las Rivas J, Pichel JG. Transcriptome analysis in prenatal IGF1-deficient mice identifies molecular pathways and target genes involved in distal lung differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83028. [PMID: 24391734 PMCID: PMC3877002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) is a multifunctional regulator of somatic growth and development throughout evolution. IGF1 signaling through IGF type 1 receptor (IGF1R) controls cell proliferation, survival and differentiation in multiple cell types. IGF1 deficiency in mice disrupts lung morphogenesis, causing altered prenatal pulmonary alveologenesis. Nevertheless, little is known about the cellular and molecular basis of IGF1 activity during lung development. Methods/Principal Findings Prenatal Igf1−/− mutant mice with a C57Bl/6J genetic background displayed severe disproportional lung hypoplasia, leading to lethal neonatal respiratory distress. Immuno-histological analysis of their lungs showed a thickened mesenchyme, alterations in extracellular matrix deposition, thinner smooth muscles and dilated blood vessels, which indicated immature and delayed distal pulmonary organogenesis. Transcriptomic analysis of Igf1−/− E18.5 lungs using RNA microarrays identified deregulated genes related to vascularization, morphogenesis and cellular growth, and to MAP-kinase, Wnt and cell-adhesion pathways. Up-regulation of immunity-related genes was verified by an increase in inflammatory markers. Increased expression of Nfib and reduced expression of Klf2, Egr1 and Ctgf regulatory proteins as well as activation of ERK2 MAP-kinase were corroborated by Western blot. Among IGF-system genes only IGFBP2 revealed a reduction in mRNA expression in mutant lungs. Immuno-staining patterns for IGF1R and IGF2, similar in both genotypes, correlated to alterations found in specific cell compartments of Igf1−/− lungs. IGF1 addition to Igf1−/− embryonic lungs cultured ex vivo increased airway septa remodeling and distal epithelium maturation, processes accompanied by up-regulation of Nfib and Klf2 transcription factors and Cyr61 matricellular protein. Conclusions/Significance We demonstrated the functional tissue specific implication of IGF1 on fetal lung development in mice. Results revealed novel target genes and gene networks mediators of IGF1 action on pulmonary cellular proliferation, differentiation, adhesion and immunity, and on vascular and distal epithelium maturation during prenatal lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosete Sofía Pais
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja, Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Nuria Moreno-Barriuso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer - Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernández-Porras
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer - Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Icíar Paula López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja, Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer - Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José García Pichel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja, Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
- * E-mail:
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12
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Tremblay Y, Provost PR. Major enzymes controlling the androgenic pressure in the developing lung. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:93-8. [PMID: 23542660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A sex difference is observed in the incidence and morbidity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the neonate and in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The involvement of androgens is well evidenced in RDS and it is suspected in BPD. Interestingly, the developing lung is not an inert tissue just exposed to circulating androgens, but is rather an active androgen metabolizing tissue, expressing enzymes involved in both androgen synthesis and inactivation. The present review focuses on the major enzymes involved in androgen metabolism within the developing lung. Testosterone synthesis and inactivation by AKR1C3/Akr1c6 (human/mouse 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) type 5) and HSD17B2 (17β-HSD type 2), respectively, play an important role in the developing lung. Akr1c14 (3α-HSD) shows a strong increase in expression according to developmental time. The canalicular stage of lung development corresponding to the surge of surfactant lipid synthesis, which is linked to RDS, as well as saccularization/alveolarization, which are linked to BPD, are covered by this review for the mouse and human species. The androgen metabolizing enzymes expressed within the developing lung can become potential pharmaceutical targets in the objective of accelerating lung maturation by specific treatments. The classic deleterious effects of androgens on lung maturation and the surge of surfactant synthesis in males are well known. Conversely, androgens also have positive impacts on the development of both male and female lungs. Steroidogenic enzymes are key regulators of these positive effects. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'CSR 2013'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Tremblay
- Reproduction Axis, Perinatal and Child Health, Rm T-1-49, CHUQ Research Center, Canada; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
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13
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Epaud R, Aubey F, Xu J, Chaker Z, Clemessy M, Dautin A, Ahamed K, Bonora M, Hoyeau N, Fléjou JF, Mailleux A, Clement A, Henrion-Caude A, Holzenberger M. Knockout of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor impairs distal lung morphogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48071. [PMID: 23139760 PMCID: PMC3491012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and -II) are pleiotropic regulators of somatic growth and development in vertebrate species. Endocrine and paracrine effects of both hormones are mediated by a common IGF type 1 receptor (IGF-1R). Lethal respiratory failure in neonatal IGF-1R knockout mice suggested a particular role for this receptor in pulmonary development, and we therefore investigated the consequences of IGF-1R inactivation in lung tissue. Methods and Findings We first generated compound heterozygous mutant mice harboring a hypomorphic (Igf1rneo) and a null (Igf1r−) allele. These IGF-1Rneo/− mice express only 22% of normal IGF-1R levels and are viable. In adult IGF-1Rneo/− mice, we assessed lung morphology and respiratory physiology and found normal histomorphometric characteristics and normal breathing response to hypercapnia. We then generated homozygous IGF-1R knockout mutants (IGF-1R−/−) and analyzed their lung development during late gestation using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical methods. IGF-1R−/− embryos displayed severe lung hypoplasia and markedly underdeveloped diaphragms, leading to lethal neonatal respiratory distress. Importantly, IGF-1R−/− lungs from late gestation embryos were four times smaller than control lungs and showed markedly thickened intersaccular mesenchyme, indicating strongly delayed lung maturation. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were significantly increased in IGF-1R−/− lung tissue as compared with IGF-1R+/+ controls. Immunohistochemistry using pro-SP-C, NKX2-1, CD31 and vWF as markers revealed a delay in cell differentiation and arrest in the canalicular stage of prenatal respiratory organ development in IGF-1R−/− mutant mice. Conclusions/Significance We found that low levels of IGF-1R were sufficient to ensure normal lung development in mice. In contrast, complete absence of IGF-1R significantly delayed end-gestational lung maturation. Results indicate that IGF-1R plays essential roles in cell proliferation and timing of cell differentiation during fetal lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Epaud
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- INSERM U955, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Flore Aubey
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Jie Xu
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Zayna Chaker
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Maud Clemessy
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Dautin
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Karmène Ahamed
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Monique Bonora
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Hoyeau
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Fléjou
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | - Annick Clement
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Henrion-Caude
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 781, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Martin Holzenberger
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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14
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Nogueira-Silva C, Piairo P, Carvalho-Dias E, Peixoto FO, Moura RS, Correia-Pinto J. Leukemia inhibitory factor in rat fetal lung development: expression and functional studies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30517. [PMID: 22291973 PMCID: PMC3264589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are members of the family of the glycoprotein 130 (gp130)-type cytokines. These cytokines share gp130 as a common signal transducer, which explains why they show some functional redundancy. Recently, it was demonstrated that IL-6 promotes fetal lung branching. Additionally, LIF has been implicated in developmental processes of some branching organs. Thus, in this study LIF expression pattern and its effects on fetal rat lung morphogenesis were assessed. Methodology/Principal Findings LIF and its subunit receptor LIFRα expression levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot in fetal rat lungs of different gestational ages, ranging from 13.5 to 21.5 days post-conception. Throughout all gestational ages studied, LIF was constitutively expressed in pulmonary epithelium, whereas LIFRα was first mainly expressed in the mesenchyme, but after pseudoglandular stage it was also observed in epithelial cells. These results point to a LIF epithelium-mesenchyme cross-talk, which is known to be important for lung branching process. Regarding functional studies, fetal lung explants were cultured with increasing doses of LIF or LIF neutralizing antibodies during 4 days. MAPK, AKT, and STAT3 phosphorylation in the treated lung explants was analyzed. LIF supplementation significantly inhibited lung growth in spite of an increase in p44/42 phosphorylation. On the other hand, LIF inhibition significantly stimulated lung growth via p38 and Akt pathways. Conclusions/Significance The present study describes that LIF and its subunit receptor LIFRα are constitutively expressed during fetal lung development and that they have an inhibitory physiological role on fetal lung branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nogueira-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulina Piairo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Carvalho-Dias
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Urology, Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca O. Peixoto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rute S. Moura
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia-Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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15
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Warburton D, El-Hashash A, Carraro G, Tiozzo C, Sala F, Rogers O, De Langhe S, Kemp PJ, Riccardi D, Torday J, Bellusci S, Shi W, Lubkin SR, Jesudason E. Lung organogenesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2010; 90:73-158. [PMID: 20691848 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(10)90003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Developmental lung biology is a field that has the potential for significant human impact: lung disease at the extremes of age continues to cause major morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding how the lung develops holds the promise that investigators can use this knowledge to aid lung repair and regeneration. In the decade since the "molecular embryology" of the lung was first comprehensively reviewed, new challenges have emerged-and it is on these that we focus the current review. Firstly, there is a critical need to understand the progenitor cell biology of the lung in order to exploit the potential of stem cells for the treatment of lung disease. Secondly, the current familiar descriptions of lung morphogenesis governed by growth and transcription factors need to be elaborated upon with the reinclusion and reconsideration of other factors, such as mechanics, in lung growth. Thirdly, efforts to parse the finer detail of lung bud signaling may need to be combined with broader consideration of overarching mechanisms that may be therapeutically easier to target: in this arena, we advance the proposal that looking at the lung in general (and branching in particular) in terms of clocks may yield unexpected benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Warburton
- The Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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16
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Hurtado-Chong A, Yusta-Boyo MJ, Vergaño-Vera E, Bulfone A, de Pablo F, Vicario-Abejón C. IGF-I promotes neuronal migration and positioning in the olfactory bulb and the exit of neuroblasts from the subventricular zone. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 30:742-55. [PMID: 19712103 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) supports neuronal and glial differentiation in the CNS, it is largely unknown whether IGF-I also influences neuronal migration and positioning. We show here that the pattern of olfactory bulb (OB) layering is altered in Igf-I (-/-) mice. In these animals, Tbr1(+)-glutamatergic neurons are misplaced in the mitral cell layer (ML) and the external plexiform layer (EPL). In addition, there are fewer interneurons in the glomerular layer and the EPL of the Igf-I (-/-) mice, and fewer newborn neurons are incorporated into the OB from the forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ). Indeed, neuroblasts accumulate in the postnatal/adult SVZ of Igf-I (-/-) mice. Significantly, the positioning of Tbr1(+)-cells in a primitive ML is stimulated by IGF-I in cultured embryonic OB slices, an effect that is partially repressed by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. In OB cell cultures, IGF-I increases the phosphorylation of disabled1 (P-Dab1), an adaptor protein that is a target of Src family kinases (SFK) in the reelin signalling pathway, whereas reduced P-Dab1 levels were found in Igf-I (-/-) mice. Neuroblast migration from the rostral migratory stream (RMS) explants of postnatal Igf-I (-/-) was similar to that from Igf-I (+/+) explants. However, cell migration was significantly enhanced by IGF-I added to the explants, an effect that was repressed by PI3K and SFK inhibitors. These findings suggest that IGF-I promotes neuronal positioning in the OB and support a role for IGF-I in stimulating neuroblast exit from the SVZ into the RMS, thereby promoting the incorporation of newly formed neurons into the OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahí Hurtado-Chong
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Bellinger DL, Lubahn C, Lorton D. Maternal and early life stress effects on immune function: relevance to immunotoxicology. J Immunotoxicol 2009; 5:419-44. [PMID: 19404876 DOI: 10.1080/15476910802483415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is triggered by a variety of unexpected environmental stimuli, such as aggressive behavior, fear, forced physical activity, sudden environmental changes, social isolation or pathological conditions. Stressful experiences during very early life (particularly, maternal stress during fetal ontogeny) can permanently alter the responsiveness of the nervous system, an effect called programming or imprinting. Programming affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, brain neurotransmitter systems, sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and the cognitive abilities of the offspring, which can alter neural regulation of immune function. Prenatal or early life stress may contribute to the maladaptive immune responses to stress that occur later in life. This review focuses on the effect of maternal and early life stress on immune function in the offspring across life span. It highlights potential mechanisms by which prenatal stress impacts immune functions over life span. The literature discussed in this review suggests that psychosocial stress during pre- and early postnatal life may increase the vulnerability of infants to the effects of immunotoxicants or immune-mediated diseases, with long-term consequences. Neural-immune interactions may provide an indirect route through which immunotoxicants affect the developing immune system. A developmental approach to understanding how immunotoxicants interact with maternal and early life stress-induced changes in immunity is needed, because as the body changes physiologically across life span so do the effects of stress and immunotoxicants. In early and late life, the immune system is more vulnerable to the effects of stress. Stress can mimic the effects of aging and exacerbate age-related changes in immune function. This is important because immune dysregulation in the elderly is more frequently and seriously associated with clinical impairment and death. Aging, exposure to teratogens, and psychological stress interact to increase vulnerability and put the elderly at the greatest risk for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L Bellinger
- Department of Human Anatomy and Pathology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92352, USA.
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18
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Bobola N, Engist B. IGFBP5 is a potential regulator of craniofacial skeletogenesis. Genesis 2008; 46:52-9. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Rodriguez S, Sickles HM, Deleonardis C, Alcaraz A, Gridley T, Lin DM. Notch2 is required for maintaining sustentacular cell function in the adult mouse main olfactory epithelium. Dev Biol 2007; 314:40-58. [PMID: 18155189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Notch receptors are expressed in neurons and glia in the adult nervous system, but why this expression persists is not well-understood. Here we examine the role of the Notch pathway in the postnatal mouse main olfactory system, and show evidence consistent with a model where Notch2 is required for maintaining sustentacular cell function. In the absence of Notch2, the laminar nature of these glial-like cells is disrupted. Hes1, Hey1, and Six1, which are downstream effectors of the Notch pathway, are down-regulated, and cytochrome P450 and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression by sustentacular cells is reduced. Functional levels of GST activity are also reduced. These disruptions are associated with increased olfactory sensory neuron degeneration. Surprisingly, expression of Notch3 is also down-regulated. This suggests the existence of a feedback loop where expression of Notch3 is initially independent of Notch2, but requires Notch2 for maintained expression. While the Notch pathway has previously been shown to be important for promoting gliogenesis during development, this is the first demonstration that the persistent expression of Notch receptors is required for maintaining glial function in adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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20
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Nagata K, Masumoto K, Uesugi T, Yamamoto S, Yoshizaki K, Fukumoto S, Nonaka K, Taguchi T. Effect of insulin-like-growth factor and its receptors regarding lung development in fetal mice. Pediatr Surg Int 2007; 23:953-9. [PMID: 17653731 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-007-1977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), both mortality and morbidity are mainly caused by pulmonary hypoplasia and persistent pulmonary hypertension. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are one of the growth factors that may play an important role in the fetal lung development. Elucidating the roles of these growth factors regarding fetal lung development would thus provide new insight regarding the optimal therapy for CDH patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of IGFs in the fetal lung development. The mRNA expression of IGFs and its receptors was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR from embryonic day (E) 11.5 to E18.5 mice. In addition, the lungs dissected from the E17.5 mice were divided into the following three groups; lungs cultured only in the serum-free medium (group I n = 5), lungs cultured in medium containing either IGF-I (group II n = 5), or IGF-II (group III n = 5). All cultures were investigated by immunohistochemistry, using the antibodies of thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1, prosurfactant protein (proSp)-C, alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The mRNA expression level of both IGF-I and IGF-II was higher during the earlier stage than that of later stage. In contrast, the mRNA expression of both IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and IGF-II receptor (IGF-IIR) was higher from the E17.5 to E18.5 than that at any other stage. The number of positive cells for TTF-1, proSp-C, alpha-SMA and PCNA increased more in both groups II and III than in group I. Based on our findings, IGFs are suggested to induce alveolar and vascular maturation in the late stages of fetal lung development. Therefore, the administration of IGFs to the fetal CDH lung may thus be able to effectively improve the symptoms of hypoplastic lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Nagata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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21
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Otaegi G, Yusta-Boyo MJ, Vergaño-Vera E, Méndez-Gómez HR, Carrera AC, Abad JL, González M, de la Rosa EJ, Vicario-Abejón C, de Pablo F. Modulation of the PI 3-kinase-Akt signalling pathway by IGF-I and PTEN regulates the differentiation of neural stem/precursor cells. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:2739-48. [PMID: 16787946 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells depend on insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) for differentiation. We analysed how activation and inhibition of the PI 3-kinase-Akt signalling affects the number and differentiation of mouse olfactory bulb stem cells (OBSCs). Stimulation of the pathway with insulin and/or IGF-I, led to an increase in Akt phosphorylated on residues Ser473 and Thr308 (P-Akt(Ser473) and P-Akt(Thr308), respectively) in proliferating OBSCs, and in differentiating cells. Conversely, P-Akt(Ser473) levels decreased by 50% in the OB of embryonic day 16.5-18.5 IGF-I knockout mouse embryos. Overexpression of PTEN, a negative regulator of the PI 3-kinase pathway, caused a reduction in the basal levels of P-Akt(Ser473) and P-Akt(Thr308) and a minor reduction in IGF-I-stimulated P-Akt(Ser473). Although PTEN overexpression decreased the proportion of neurons and astrocytes in the absence of insulin/IGF-I, it did not alter the proliferation or survival of OBSCs. Accordingly, overexpression of a catalytically inactive PTEN mutant promoted OBSCs differentiation. Inhibition of PI 3-kinase by LY294002 produced strong and moderate reductions in IGF-I-stimulated P-Akt(Ser473) and P-Akt(Thr308), respectively. Consequently, LY294002 reduced the proliferation of OBSCs and the number of neurons and astrocytes, and also augmented cell death. These findings indicate that OBSC differentiation is more sensitive to lower basal levels of P-Akt than proliferation or death. By regulating P-Akt levels in opposite ways, IGF-I and PTEN contribute to the fine control of neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaizka Otaegi
- Group of Growth Factors in Vertebrate Development, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
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22
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Karrow NA. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system during inflammation and altered programming of the neuroendocrine-immune axis during fetal and neonatal development: lessons learned from the model inflammagen, lipopolysaccharide. Brain Behav Immun 2006; 20:144-58. [PMID: 16023324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Revised: 05/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) are both activated during inflammation as an elaborate multi-directional communication pathway designed to restore homeostasis, in part, by regulating the inflammatory and subsequent immune response. During fetal and neonatal development programming of the HPAA, ANS and possibly the immune system is influenced by signals from the surrounding environment, as part of an adaptive mechanism to enhance the survival of the offspring. It is currently hypothesized that if this programming is either misguided, or the individual's environment is drastically altered such that neuroendocrine programming becomes maladaptive, it may contribute to the pathogenesis of certain diseases. Current research, suggests that exposure to inflammatory signals during critical windows of early life development may influence the programming of various genes within the neuroendocrine-immune axis. This review will provide, (1) an overview of the HPAA and ANS pathways that are activated during inflammation, highlighting studies that have used lipopolysaccharide as a model inflammagen and, (2) evidence to support the hypothesis that inflammatory stress during fetal and neonatal development can alter programming of the neuroendocrine-immune axis, influencing stress and immune responsiveness, and possibly disease resistance later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Karrow
- Centre for the Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ont., Canada, N1G 2W1.
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23
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Moreno-Barriuso N, López-Malpartida AV, de Pablo F, Pichel JG. Alterations in alveolar epithelium differentiation and vasculogenesis in lungs of LIF/IGF-I double deficient embryos. Dev Dyn 2006; 235:2040-50. [PMID: 16691571 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on double deficient mice for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) reported that they died of respiratory failure, with abnormal lung histology and altered expression of pulmonary markers. Here we analyzed prenatal Lif/Igf-I double mutant mouse embryos to characterize LIF and IGF-I cooperative roles in distal lung epithelium and vascular maturation. Lungs of IGF-I-deficient embryos displayed a higher proportion of type II pneumocytes, less differentiated type I pneumocytes, and failure in alveolar capillary remodeling compared to wild type and LIF-deficient mice. Lif/Igf-I double knockout lungs showed aggravated pulmonary hypoplasia, lower airway volume, increased proliferation, and elevated levels of ERK1/2 activation. In addition, their alveoli were collapsed and lined by type II cells. The differentiation of type I cells barely occurred and capillaries remained in the abundant mesenchyme. These results indicate that LIF collaborates with IGF-I in lung alveolar epithelium and vascular maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Moreno-Barriuso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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24
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Zhao C, Meng A. Sp1-like transcription factors are regulators of embryonic development in vertebrates. Dev Growth Differ 2005; 47:201-11. [PMID: 15921495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2005.00797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sp1-like family is an expanding transcription factor family. Members of this family bind to the GC-box or GT-box elements in the promoter/enhancers and regulate the expression of the target genes. Currently, this family consists of at least nine members, which may act as a transactivator or a repressor on target promoters. Sp1-like transcription factors are expressed during development of vertebrate embryos in ubiquitous or tissue-specific manners and play various roles in embryonic development. This review mainly summarises their expression patterns and functions during vertebrate embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengtian Zhao
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Fouladi-Nashta AA, Jones CJP, Nijjar N, Mohamet L, Smith A, Chambers I, Kimber SJ. Characterization of the uterine phenotype during the peri-implantation period for LIF-null, MF1 strain mice. Dev Biol 2005; 281:1-21. [PMID: 15848385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Revised: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor plays a major role in the uterus and in its absence embryos fail to implant. Our knowledge of the targets for LIF and the consequences of its absence is still very incomplete. In this study, we have examined the ultrastructure of the potential implantation site in LIF-null MF1 female mice compared to that of wild type animals. We also compared expression of proteins associated with implantation in luminal epithelium and stroma. Luminal epithelial cells (LE) of null animals failed to develop apical pinopods, had increased glycocalyx, and retained a columnar shape during the peri-implantation period. Stromal cells of LIF-null animals showed no evidence of decidual giant cell formation even by day 6 of pregnancy. A number of proteins normally expressed in decidualizing stroma did not increase in abundance in the LIF-null animals including desmin, tenascin, Cox-2, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and -7, and Hoxa-10. In wild type animals, the IL-6 family member Oncostatin M (OSM) was found to be transiently expressed in the luminal epithelium on late day 4 and then in the stroma at the attachment site on days 5-6 of pregnancy, with a similar but not identical pattern to that of Cox-2. In the LIF-null animals, no OSM protein was detected in either LE or stroma adjacent to the embryo, indicating that expression requires uterine LIF in addition to a blastocyst signal. Fucosylated epitopes: the H-type-1 antigen and those recognized by lectins from Ulex europaeus-1 and Tetragonolobus purpureus were enhanced on apical LE on day 4 of pregnancy. H-type-1 antigen remained higher on day 5, and was not reduced even by day 6 in contrast to wild type uterus. These data point to a profound disturbance of normal luminal epithelial and stromal differentiation during early pregnancy in LIF-nulls. On this background, we also obtained less than a Mendelian ratio of null offspring suggesting developmental failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Fouladi-Nashta
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, 3.239 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Provost PR, Simard M, Tremblay Y. A link between lung androgen metabolism and the emergence of mature epithelial type II cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170:296-305. [PMID: 15117747 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200312-1680oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung maturation is delayed in male fetuses compared with female fetuses, which has been attributed to higher levels of androgens in the male lung. Our previous studies demonstrated that the genes encoding for the 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) type 5 (androstenedione --> testosterone) and type 2 (the opposite reaction) are expressed in human epithelial type II (PTII)-like A549 cells and in human lung fibroblasts, respectively. Here, we aim to explain the physiological relevance of androgen synthesis by PTII cells. We showed that both 17 beta-HSD type 2 and type 5 genes are upregulated in correlation with the emergence of mature PTII cells in both male and female developing lungs of the mouse. In contrast, the androgen receptor gene is expressed equally in both sexes with no temporal regulation. We conclude that the expression profile of the 17 beta-HSD type 5 gene does not explain the presence of higher levels of androgen in the male fetal lung, but that androgen synthesis must be a normal feature of mature PTII cells for both sexes. The production of androgens after the emergence of mature PTII cells should negatively regulate PTII cell maturation and, thus, a role for androgens in cell reprogramming is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre R Provost
- Laboratory of Ontogeny and Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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Fernández-Moreno C, Pichel JG, Chesnokova V, De Pablo F. Increased leptin and white adipose tissue hypoplasia are sexually dimorphic in Lif null/Igf-I haploinsufficient mice. FEBS Lett 2004; 557:64-8. [PMID: 14741342 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed cooperation of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) during development. Mice doubly deficient in LIF and IGF-I died at birth. We now analyze the possible combined influence of both factors on postnatal growth. The haploinsufficiency of the Igf-I gene on a Lif null background caused a marked reduction in body mass index and white adipose tissue only in female mice. These animals had increased leptin, increased serum IGF-I and apparent substitution of white adipose tissue by brown adipose tissue. The complex interrelationships between LIF and IGF-I in regulating weight thus involve sexually dimorphic effects on adipose tissue differentiation and circulating leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fernández-Moreno
- Group of Growth Factors in Vertebrate Development, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cienti;ficas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maetzu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Varela-Nieto I, de la Rosa EJ, Valenciano AI, León Y. Cell death in the nervous system: lessons from insulin and insulin-like growth factors. Mol Neurobiol 2003; 28:23-50. [PMID: 14514984 DOI: 10.1385/mn:28:1:23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2002] [Accepted: 02/28/2003] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is an essential process for proper neural development. Cell death, with its similar regulatory and executory mechanisms, also contributes to the origin or progression of many or even all neurodegenerative diseases. An understanding of the mechanisms that regulate cell death during neural development may provide new targets and tools to prevent neurodegeneration. Many studies that have focused mainly on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), have shown that insulin-related growth factors are widely expressed in the developing and adult nervous system, and positively modulate a number of processes during neural development, as well as in adult neuronal and glial physiology. These factors also show neuroprotective effects following neural damage. Although some specific actions have been demonstrated to be anti-apoptotic, we propose that a broad neuroprotective role is the foundation for many of the observed functions of the insulin-related growth factors, whose therapeutical potential for nervous system disorders may be greater than currently accepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Locally born olfactory bulb stem cells proliferate in response to insulin-related factors and require endogenous insulin-like growth factor-I for differentiation into neurons and glia. J Neurosci 2003. [PMID: 12574418 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00895.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
After late embryogenesis, new neurons are continuously added to the olfactory bulb (OB) from stem cells located in the forebrain subventricular zone. Nonetheless, stem cells have not been described within the embryonic olfactory bulb. Here we report the isolation of local olfactory bulb stem cells from the embryonic day 12.5-14.5 mouse embryo. These cells were 99.2% nestin positive and proliferated extensively in culture to at least 150 cell doublings. Clonal analysis demonstrated that neurons (TuJ1(+)), astrocytes (GFAP(+)), and oligodendrocytes (O4(+)) could be generated from single-plated cells, indicating that they are multipotent. At least 90% of proliferating cells expressed insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), (pro)insulin, and their cognate receptors; these growth factors collaborated with fibroblast growth factor-2 plus epidermal growth factor (EGF) to promote stem cell proliferation and sphere formation. Cells from Igf-I(-)/- mice, however, proliferated as extensively as did Igf-I(+/+) cells. Differentiation and survival of stem cell-generated neurons and glia showed strong dependence on exogenous IGF-I, but oligodendrocyte differentiation also required insulin at low concentration. Furthermore, the percentages of stem cell-generated neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes were markedly lower in the cultures prepared from the Igf-I(-)/- mice compared with those of Igf-I(+/+). Concordantly, lack of IGF-I resulted in abnormal formation of the olfactory bulb mitral cell layer and altered radial glia morphology. These results support the presence within the embryonic mouse olfactory bulb of stem cells with specific requirements for insulin-related growth factors for proliferation or differentiation. They demonstrate that IGF-I is an endogenous factor regulating the differentiation of stem and other precursor cells within the olfactory bulb.
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