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Baami González X, Tran JD, Sutherland DS. Versatile Nanoring Fabrication Assisted by Hole-mask Colloidal Lithography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35361-35371. [PMID: 38940634 PMCID: PMC11249014 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterials shaped as rings are interesting nanostructures with control of the materials properties at the nanoscale. Nanoring plasmonic resonators provide tunable optical resonances in the near-infrared with application in sensing. Fabrication of nanorings can be carried out via top-down approaches based on electron beam lithography with high control of the ring size parameters but at high cost. Alternatively, fabrication via self-assembly approaches has a higher speed/lower cost but at the cost of control of ring parameters. Current colloidal lithography approaches can provide nanoring fabrication over large areas but only of specific materials and a select set of rings (large ring diameters or small rings with ultrathin walls). We extend Hole-mask Colloidal Lithography to use ring shaped holes, allow the deposition of arbitrary materials, and allow the independent tuning of ring-wall thickness over a large range of values. We present a generic approach for the fabrication of nanorings formed from a range of materials including low cost (e.g., Cu, Al) and nonplasmonic (e.g., W) materials and with control of ring wall thickness and diameter allowing tuning of ring parameters and materials for applications in nanooptics and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Baami González
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jimmy Duc Tran
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Duncan S Sutherland
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Shokova MA, Bochenkov VE. Impact of Optical Cavity on Refractive Index Sensitivity of Gold Nanohole Arrays. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:1038. [PMID: 38131798 PMCID: PMC10741978 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Refractive index sensing based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a highly efficient label-free technique for biomolecular detection. The performance of this method is defined by the dielectric properties of a sensing layer and its structure. Nanohole arrays in thin metal films provide good refractive index sensitivity but often suffer from a large resonance linewidth, which limits their broad practical application in biosensorics. Coupling the broad plasmon modes to sharp resonances can reduce the peak widths, but at the same time it can also degrade the sensitivity. Here, we use Finite-Difference Time Domain simulations to study the factors affecting the sensing performance of gold-silica-gold optical cavities with nanohole arrays in the dielectric and top metal layers. We demonstrate that by tuning resonator size and inter-hole spacing, the performance of the biosensor can be optimized and the figure of merit of the order of 5-7 is reached.
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3
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Khateb H, Sørensen RS, Cramer K, Eklund AS, Kjems J, Meyer RL, Jungmann R, Sutherland DS. The Role of Nanoscale Distribution of Fibronectin in the Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus Studied by Protein Patterning and DNA-PAINT. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10392-10403. [PMID: 35801826 PMCID: PMC9330902 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a widespread and highly virulent pathogen that can cause superficial and invasive infections. Interactions between S. aureus surface receptors and the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin mediate the bacterial invasion of host cells and is implicated in the colonization of medical implant surfaces. In this study, we investigate the role of distribution of both fibronectin and cellular receptors on the adhesion of S. aureus to interfaces as a model for primary adhesion at tissue interfaces or biomaterials. We present fibronectin in patches of systematically varied size (100-1000 nm) in a background of protein and bacteria rejecting chemistry based on PLL-g-PEG and studied S. aureus adhesion under flow. We developed a single molecule imaging assay for localizing fibronectin binding receptors on the surface of S. aureus via the super-resolution DNA points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (DNA-PAINT) technique. Our results indicate that S. aureus adhesion to fibronectin biointerfaces is regulated by the size of available ligand patterns, with an adhesion threshold of 300 nm and larger. DNA-PAINT was used to visualize fibronectin binding receptor organization in situ at ∼7 nm localization precision and with a surface density of 38-46 μm-2, revealing that the engagement of two or more receptors is required for strong S. aureus adhesion to fibronectin biointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Khateb
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Rasmus S. Sørensen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Kimberly Cramer
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | | | - Jorgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus
University Aarhus
C 8000, Denmark
| | - Rikke L. Meyer
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig
Maximilian University, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Duncan S. Sutherland
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
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4
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Tiburski C, Nugroho FAA, Langhammer C. Optical Hydrogen Nanothermometry of Plasmonic Nanoparticles under Illumination. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6233-6243. [PMID: 35343680 PMCID: PMC9047005 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The temperature of nanoparticles is a critical parameter in applications that range from biology, to sensors, to photocatalysis. Yet, accurately determining the absolute temperature of nanoparticles is intrinsically difficult because traditional temperature probes likely deliver inaccurate results due to their large thermal mass compared to the nanoparticles. Here we present a hydrogen nanothermometry method that enables a noninvasive and direct measurement of absolute Pd nanoparticle temperature via the temperature dependence of the first-order phase transformation during Pd hydride formation. We apply it to accurately measure light-absorption-induced Pd nanoparticle heating at different irradiated powers with 1 °C resolution and to unravel the impact of nanoparticle density in an array on the obtained temperature. In a wider perspective, this work reports a noninvasive method for accurate temperature measurements at the nanoscale, which we predict will find application in, for example, nano-optics, nanolithography, and plasmon-mediated catalysis to distinguish thermal from electronic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tiburski
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ferry Anggoro Ardy Nugroho
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, De Boelelaan
1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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5
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Playing with sizes and shapes of colloidal particles via dry etching methods. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 299:102538. [PMID: 34906837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monolayers of self-assembled quasi-spherical colloidal particles are essential building blocks in the field of materials science and engineering. More typically, they are used as a template for the fabrication of nanostructures if they serve, for instance, as a mask for deposition of new material on the surface on which particles are assembled or for etching of the material underneath; in this case, they are removed afterwards. This is what occurs in colloidal or nanosphere lithography. In some other cases, they are not used as a sacrificial material but they are incorporated in the final structure because they are inherently interesting for their properties. Independently of their specific use and application, different strategies have been devised in order to modify size and shape of colloidal particles, so as to enrich the variety of attainable patterns and to tailor the properties of the final structures and materials. In this review, we will focus on one of the most widespread methods to shape spherical colloidal particles, i.e. dry etching techniques. We will follow the development of such approaches until recent days, so as to trace an extensive panorama of the diverse parameters that can be harnessed to achieve specific morphological changes and highlight the characteristic features of the variants of this method. We will finally discuss how particles modified via dry etching can be used for patterning or can be resuspended in solvents for very diverse applications.
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6
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Rossi S, Olsson O, Chen S, Shanker R, Banerjee D, Dahlin A, Jonsson MP. Dynamically Tuneable Reflective Structural Coloration with Electroactive Conducting Polymer Nanocavities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105004. [PMID: 34626028 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic control of structural colors across the visible spectrum with high brightness has proven to be a difficult challenge. Here, this is addressed with a tuneable reflective nano-optical cavity that uses an electroactive conducting polymer (poly(thieno[3,4-b]thiophene)) as spacer layer. Electrochemical doping and dedoping of the polymer spacer layer provides reversible tuning of the cavity's structural color throughout the entire visible range and beyond. Furthermore, the cavity provides high peak reflectance that varies only slightly between the reduced and oxidized states of the polymer. The results indicate that the polymer undergoes large reversible thickness changes upon redox tuning, aided by changes in optical properties and low visible absorption. The electroactive cavity concept may find particular use in reflective displays, by opening for tuneable monopixels that eliminate limitations in brightness of traditional subpixel-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rossi
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Oliver Olsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Shangzhi Chen
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Ravi Shanker
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Debashree Banerjee
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Andreas Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Magnus P Jonsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
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7
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Keil M, Wetzel AE, Wu K, Khomtchenko E, Urbankova J, Boisen A, Rindzevicius T, Bunea AI, Taboryski RJ. Large plasmonic color metasurfaces fabricated by super resolution deep UV lithography. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2236-2244. [PMID: 36133765 PMCID: PMC9419299 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00934b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate plasmonic color metasurfaces as large as ∼60 cm2 fabricated by deep UV projection lithography employing an innovative combination of resolution enhancement techniques. Briefly, in addition to the established off-axis dipole illumination, double- and cross-exposure resolution enhancement of lithography, we introduce a novel element, the inclusion of transparent assist features to the mask layout. With this approach, we demonstrate the fabrication of relief arrays having critical dimensions such as 159 nm nanopillars or 210 nm nanoholes with 300 nm pitches, which is near the theoretical resolution limit expressed by the Rayleigh criterion for the 248 nm lithography tool used in this work. The type of surface structure, i.e. nanopillar or nanohole, and their diameters can be tailored simply by changing the width of the assist features included in the mask layout. By coating the obtained nanopatterns with thin layers of either Au or Al, we observe color spectra originating from the phenomenon known as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). We demonstrate the generation of color palettes representing a broad spectral range of colors, and we employ finite element modelling to corroborate the measured LSPR fingerprint spectra. Most importantly, the ∼60 cm2 nanostructure arrays can be written in only a few minutes, which is a tremendous improvement compared to the more established techniques employed for fabricating similar structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Keil
- DTU Nanolab, National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark Ørsted Plads, Building 347 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark +45 45258101
| | - Alexandre Emmanuel Wetzel
- DTU Nanolab, National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark Ørsted Plads, Building 347 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark +45 45258101
| | - Kaiyu Wu
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Elena Khomtchenko
- DTU Nanolab, National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark Ørsted Plads, Building 347 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark +45 45258101
| | - Jitka Urbankova
- DTU Nanolab, National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark Ørsted Plads, Building 347 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark +45 45258101
| | - Anja Boisen
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Tomas Rindzevicius
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ada-Ioana Bunea
- DTU Nanolab, National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark Ørsted Plads, Building 347 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark +45 45258101
| | - Rafael J Taboryski
- DTU Nanolab, National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark Ørsted Plads, Building 347 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark +45 45258101
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8
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Sasaki Y, Hiroshige S, Takizawa M, Nishizawa Y, Uchihashi T, Minato H, Suzuki D. Non-close-packed arrangement of soft elastomer microspheres on solid substrates. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14562-14567. [PMID: 35423970 PMCID: PMC8697830 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike rigid microparticles, soft and deformable elastomer (rubber) microspheres were found to exhibit a non-close-packed arrangement on solid substrates after the evaporation of water from their dispersions. The microscopic observation revealed that individual microspheres are ordered in regular intervals at the air/water interface of a sessile droplet and remain fixed on the substrate without being affected by the capillary forces during evaporation due to their deformability. Moreover, using the Langmuir-Blodgett method, thin films of non-close-packed structures could be successfully generated over large areas. Our findings may potentially help to control the arranged structures of elastomer microspheres, which can be expected to improve the nano-science and technology for the precise control for e.g. surface patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Sasaki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Seina Hiroshige
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Masaya Takizawa
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchihashi
- Department of Physics, Structural Biology Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya Aichi 464-8602 Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Haruka Minato
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
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9
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Bochenkov VE, Lobanova EM, Shakhov AM, Astafiev AA, Bogdanov AM, Timoshenko VA, Bochenkova AV. Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence of EGFP on Short-Range Ordered Ag Nanohole Arrays. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122563. [PMID: 33419362 PMCID: PMC7767041 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence of organic molecules can be enhanced by plasmonic nanostructures through coupling to their locally amplified electromagnetic field, resulting in higher brightness and better photostability of fluorophores, which is particularly important for bioimaging applications involving fluorescent proteins as genetically encoded biomarkers. Here, we show that a hybrid bionanosystem comprised of a monolayer of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) covalently linked to optically thin Ag films with short-range ordered nanohole arrays can exhibit up to 6-fold increased brightness. The largest enhancement factor is observed for nanohole arrays with a propagating surface plasmon mode, tuned to overlap with both excitation and emission of EGFP. The fluorescence lifetime measurements in combination with FDTD simulations provide in-depth insight into the origin of the fluorescence enhancement, showing that the effect is due to the local amplification of the optical field near the edges of the nanoholes. Our results pave the way to improving the photophysical properties of hybrid bionanosystems based on fluorescent proteins at the interface with easily fabricated and tunable plasmonic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir E. Bochenkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.M.L.); (A.A.A.); (V.A.T.)
- Correspondence: (V.E.B.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Ekaterina M. Lobanova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.M.L.); (A.A.A.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Aleksander M. Shakhov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Artyom A. Astafiev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.M.L.); (A.A.A.); (V.A.T.)
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey M. Bogdanov
- Shemiakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vadim A. Timoshenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.M.L.); (A.A.A.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Anastasia V. Bochenkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.M.L.); (A.A.A.); (V.A.T.)
- Correspondence: (V.E.B.); (A.V.B.)
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10
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Pattern detection in colloidal assembly: A mosaic of analysis techniques. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 284:102252. [PMID: 32971396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the morphology, identification of patterns and quantification of order encountered in colloidal assemblies is essential for several reasons. First of all, it is useful to compare different self-assembly methods and assess the influence of different process parameters on the final colloidal pattern. In addition, casting light on the structures formed by colloidal particles can help to get better insight into colloidal interactions and understand phase transitions. Finally, the growing interest in colloidal assemblies in materials science for practical applications going from optoelectronics to biosensing imposes a thorough characterization of the morphology of colloidal assemblies because of the intimate relationship between morphology and physical properties (e.g. optical and mechanical) of a material. Several image analysis techniques developed to investigate images (acquired via scanning electron microscopy, digital video microscopy and other imaging methods) provide variegated and complementary information on the colloidal structures under scrutiny. However, understanding how to use such image analysis tools to get information on the characteristics of the colloidal assemblies may represent a non-trivial task, because it requires the combination of approaches drawn from diverse disciplines such as image processing, computational geometry and computational topology and their application to a primarily physico-chemical process. Moreover, the lack of a systematic description of such analysis tools makes it difficult to select the ones more suitable for the features of the colloidal assembly under examination. In this review we provide a methodical and extensive description of real-space image analysis tools by explaining their principles and their application to the investigation of two-dimensional colloidal assemblies with different morphological characteristics.
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11
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Cesaria M, Taurino A, Manera MG, Rella R. Short-range ordered 2D nanoholes: lattice-model and novel insight into the impact of coordination geometry and packing on their propagating-mode transmittance features. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4133-4146. [PMID: 36132775 PMCID: PMC9418837 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optically thin perforated gold films, fabricated using template colloidal masks self-assembled by following an elsewhere described simplified colloidal lithography protocol, are presented and discussed with the aim to develop a theory of short-range ordered nanoholes without straightforwardly extending concepts strictly related to periodic nanoholes. By Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of the evolution of nanohole short-range ordering and spatial coordination geometry under increasing interhole average spacing (d NN), unprecedented differences in the spectroscopic response are pointed out with respect to periodic systems. First, the dependence of the wavelength of a propagating plasmon mode on d NN is demonstrated to deviate from the linear relationship predicted by the grating-coupling picture developed for periodic arrays. Second, d NN cannot be straightforwardly interpreted as the counterpart of the lattice constant of periodic nanoholes, which demands to introduce a conceptually more rigorous periodicity-like length-scale. Once the impact of these findings on setting the operating parameters of a nanohole distribution is demonstrated, they are related, experimentally and by using a theoretical model developed by the authors, to the changes of the local coordination geometry (from quasi-hexagonal to quasi-square packing through mixed hexagonal-square coordination) induced by varying d NN over a wide interval. Autocorrelation analysis of SEM images is exploited to estimate a short-range periodicity-like length-scale, as a conceptual advance for laying the foundation of the concept of short-range ordered nanohole lattices and for deeper insight into the spectral response. As discussion is based on realistic, rather than simulated, evolution of colloidal arrangements, the formulated interpretative model accounts for realistic effects impacting transmission resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Cesaria
- IMM-CNR Lecce, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems Campus Ecotekne, prov. le per Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Antonietta Taurino
- IMM-CNR Lecce, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems Campus Ecotekne, prov. le per Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Manera
- IMM-CNR Lecce, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems Campus Ecotekne, prov. le per Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Roberto Rella
- IMM-CNR Lecce, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems Campus Ecotekne, prov. le per Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
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12
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Michieli N, Balasa IG, Kalinic B, Cesca T, Mattei G. Optimal geometry for plasmonic sensing with non-interacting Au nanodisk arrays. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3304-3315. [PMID: 36134286 PMCID: PMC9419756 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Combining finite elements method electrodynamic simulations and cost-effective and scalable nanofabrication techniques, we carried out a systematic investigation and optimization of the sensing properties of non-interacting gold nanodisk arrays. Such plasmonic nanoarchitectures offer a very effective platform for fast and simple, label-free, optical bio- and chemical-sensing. We varied their main geometrical parameters (diameter and height) to monitor the plasmonic resonance position and to find the configurations that maximize the sensitivity to small layers of an analyte (local sensitivity) or to the variation of the refractive index of an embedding medium (bulk sensitivity). The spectral position of the plasmonic resonance can be tuned over a wide range from the visible to the near-IR region (500-1300 nm) and state-of-the-art performances can be obtained using the optimized nanodisks; we obtained local and bulk sensitivities of S 0 = 11.9 RIU-1 and S bulk = 662 nm RIU-1, respectively. Moreover, the results of the simulations are compared with the performances of experimentally synthesized non-interacting Au nanodisk arrays fabricated by combining sparse colloidal lithography and hollow mask lithography, with the parameters obtained by the sensitivity numerical optimization. An excellent agreement between the experimental and the simulated results is demonstrated, confirming that the optimization performed with the simulations is directly applicable to nanosensors realized with cost-effective methods, due to the quite large stability basin around the maximum sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Michieli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Ionut Gabriel Balasa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Boris Kalinic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Tiziana Cesca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Giovanni Mattei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, NanoStructures Group, University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 I-35131 Padova Italy
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13
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Schmudde M, Grunewald C, Risse T, Graf C. Controlling the Interparticular Distances of Extended Non-Close-Packed Colloidal Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4827-4834. [PMID: 32281382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A versatile method for the preparation extended, well-ordered, non-close-packed monolayers of silica nanoparticles (137 ± 4 nm diameter) with adjustable interparticle distances is presented, which is based on a simple self-assembly procedure using aqueous dispersion with different ionic strengths. It is shown that these structures can be successfully transferred to air without suffering from aggregation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to characterize the structures after transfer into the atmosphere. These investigations were combined with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) experiments to follow the self-assembly process in solution. The nearest-neighbor distance distribution reveals a monotonous decrease of the average nearest-neighbor distance from 290 to 200 nm with increasing ionic strength from 0.05 to 1 mM, which indicates an increased shielding of the electrostatic interaction with increasing ionic strength. The observed saturation coverages for all studied ionic strengths are well explained with an effective hard-sphere model in which the saturation coverage is limited by Coulomb repulsion. However, at ionic strengths above 1 mM, significant amounts of aggregates are found in the dried samples, suggesting that the observed aggregates at high ionic strengths are formed during the drying process caused by capillary forces between the particles. Tuning the barrier for lateral diffusion, e.g., by changing the surface morphology or functionalization of the particles will offer a route to further extend the range of particle distances. The present approach can be easily expanded to a broad range of colloidal materials on surfaces, while it only requires low-cost laboratory equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Schmudde
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Grunewald
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Risse
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Graf
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Shrestha S, Wang B, Dutta P. Nanoparticle processing: Understanding and controlling aggregation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 279:102162. [PMID: 32334131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly defined as particles with size <100 nm and are currently of considerable technological and academic interest, since they are often the starting materials for nanotechnology. Novel properties develop as a bulk material is reduced to nanodimensions and is reflected in new chemistry, physics and biology. With reduction in size, a greater function of the atoms is at the surface, and promote different interaction with its environment, as compared to the bulk material. In addition, the reduction in size alters the electronic structure of the material, resulting in novel quantum effects. Size also influences mobility, primarily controlled by Brownian motion for NPs, and relevant in biological and environmental processes. However, the small size also leads to high surface energy, and NPs tend to aggregate, thereby lowering the surface energy. In all applications, the uncontrolled aggregation of NPs can have negative effects and needs to be avoided. There are however examples of controlled aggregation of NPs which give rise to novel effects. This review article is focused on the NP features that influences aggregation. Common strategies for synthesis of NPs from the gas and liquid phases are discussed with emphasis on aggregation during and after synthesis. The theory involving Van der Waals attractive force and electrical repulsive force as the controlling features of the stability of NPs is discussed, followed by examples of how repulsive and attractive forces can be manipulated experimentally to control NP aggregation. In some applications, NPs prepared by liquid methods need to be isolated for further applications. The process of solvent removal introduces new forces such as capillary forces that promote aggregation, in many cases, irreversibly. Strategies for controlling aggregation upon drying are discussed. There are also many methods for redispersing aggregated NPs, which involve mechanical forces, as well as manipulating capillary forces and surface characteristics. We conclude this review with a discussion of aggregation relevant real-world applications of NPs. This review should be relevant for scientists and technologists interested in NPs, since emphasis has been on the practical aspects of NP-based technology, and especially, strategies relevant to controlling NP aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Shrestha
- ZeoVation, 1275 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212, United States of America
| | - Bo Wang
- ZeoVation, 1275 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212, United States of America
| | - Prabir Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America.
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15
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Knoll W, Azzaroni O, Duran H, Kunze-Liebhäuser J, Lau KHA, Reimhult E, Yameen B. Nanoporous thin films in optical waveguide spectroscopy for chemical analytics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3299-3315. [PMID: 32107572 PMCID: PMC7214501 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopy with planar optical waveguides is still an active field of research for the quantitative analysis of various supramolecular surface architectures and processes, and for applications in integrated optical chip communication, direct chemical sensing, etc. In this contribution, we summarize some recent development in optical waveguide spectroscopy using nanoporous thin films as the planar substrates that can guide the light just as well as bulk thin films. This is because the nanoporosity is at a spacial length-scale that is far below the wavelength of the guided light; hence, it does not lead to an enhanced scattering or additional losses of the optical guided modes. The pores have mainly two effects: they generate an enormous inner surface (up to a factor of 100 higher than the mere geometric dimensions of the planar substrate) and they allow for the exchange of material and charges between the two sides of the solid thin film. We demonstrate this for several different scenarios including anodized aluminum oxide layers for the ultrasensitive determination of the refractive index of fluids, or the label-free detection of small analytes binding from the pore inner volume to receptors immobilized on the pore surface. Using a thin film of Ti metal for the anodization results in a nanotube array offering an even further enhanced inner surface and the possibility to apply electrical potentials via the resulting TiO2 semiconducting waveguide structure. Nanoporous substrates fabricated from SiNx thin films by colloid lithography, or made from SiO2 by e-beam lithography, will be presented as examples where the porosity is used to allow for the passage of ions in the case of tethered lipid bilayer membranes fused on top of the light-guiding layer, or the transport of protons through membranes used in fuel cell applications. The final example that we present concerns the replication of the nanopore structure by polymers in a process that leads to a nanorod array that is equally well suited to guide the light as the mold; however, it opens a totally new field for integrated optics formats for direct chemical and biomedical sensing with an extension to even molecularly imprinted structures. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Knoll
- Competence Centre for Electrochemical Surface Technology, 2700, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Competence Centre for Electrochemical Surface Technology, 2700, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de LaPlata - CONICET, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hatice Duran
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Julia Kunze-Liebhäuser
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - King Hang Aaron Lau
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Basit Yameen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, 54762, Pakistan
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16
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Zeuthen CM, Shahrokhtash A, Sutherland DS. Nanoparticle Adsorption on Antifouling Polymer Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14879-14889. [PMID: 31635462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brushes have been widely used to functionalize surfaces and provide antifouling capabilities against proteins and cells. Many efforts have focused on methods for functionalization of antifouling polymer brush surfaces for interactions with specific cells, proteins, and bacteria, but none have focused on immobilizing nanoparticles (NPs) on these surfaces. This article demonstrates that both pristine NPs and protein-coated NPs can adsorb onto well-functioning antifouling polymer brush coatings formed from poly-l-lysine-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) and methoxy PEG-thiol. The role of ionic strength in solution, substrate surface material, and NP surface charge in the interaction was investigated to explore the forces behind the interaction. The adsorption of different types of NPs onto the surface was studied, determining that polystyrene, gold, carbon black, and silica particles can adsorb onto PLL-g-PEG. We show that the approach can be applied in, and studied by, both surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence imaging and suggest its application as a means to study NP-protein interactions, such as the protein corona. NPs self-assembled at antifouling polymer brush surfaces provide a novel platform for both scientific studies and applications in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Zeuthen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds vej 14 , 8200 Aarhus N , Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research , Niels Jensens Vej 2 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Ali Shahrokhtash
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds vej 14 , 8200 Aarhus N , Denmark
| | - Duncan S Sutherland
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center , Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds vej 14 , 8200 Aarhus N , Denmark
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17
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Kolmychek IA, Mamonov EA, Bochenkov VE, Murzina TV. Second-harmonic generation in gold crescent- and comma-like nanostructures. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:5473-5476. [PMID: 31730086 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic metal nanostructures reveal unique optical properties providing new optical effects. Here we study experimentally the nonlinear-optical response of planar arrays of gold comma-like and crescent-like nanostructures made by colloidal lithography. We show that anisotropy of the nonlinear-optical response is defined not only by the shape of the particles, but also by the relative phase of second-order susceptibility components, which are found to be spectrally sensitive. High values of circular dichroism in the second-harmonic generation response up to 70% are observed in comma-like nanostructures.
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18
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Lebovka NI, Vygornitskii NV, Tarasevich YY. Relaxation in two-dimensional suspensions of rods as driven by Brownian diffusion. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:042139. [PMID: 31770898 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.042139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Relaxation in a two-dimensional suspensions containing rods was studied by using dynamic Monte Carlo simulations. An off-lattice model with continuous positional and orientational degrees of freedom was considered. The initial state was produced by using a random sequential adsorption model. During the relaxation, the rods underwent translational and rotational Brownian motions. The simulations were run at different values of number density ρ (the number of rods per unit area) and of the initial orientation order parameter S_{i}. The rods were assumed to have core-shell structures. The evolutions of both the connectivity and the order parameter have revealed different relaxation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai I Lebovka
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Disperse Minerals, F. D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
- Department of Physics, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine
| | - Nikolai V Vygornitskii
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Disperse Minerals, F. D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
| | - Yuri Yu Tarasevich
- Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling, Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan, 414056, Russia
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19
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Liu S, Arce AS, Nilsson S, Albinsson D, Hellberg L, Alekseeva S, Langhammer C. In Situ Plasmonic Nanospectroscopy of the CO Oxidation Reaction over Single Pt Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6090-6100. [PMID: 31091069 PMCID: PMC6566494 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing quest to develop single-particle methods for the in situ study of heterogeneous catalysts is driven by the fact that heterogeneity in terms of size, shape, grain structure, and composition is a general feature among nanoparticles in an ensemble. This heterogeneity hampers the generation of a deeper understanding for how these parameters affect catalytic properties. Here we present a solution that in a single benchtop experimental setup combines single-particle plasmonic nanospectroscopy with mass spectrometry for gas phase catalysis under reaction conditions at high temperature. We measure changes in the surface state of polycrystalline platinum model catalyst particles in the 70 nm size range and the corresponding bistable kinetics during the carbon monoxide oxidation reaction via the peak shift of the dark-field scattering spectrum of a closely adjacent plasmonic nanoantenna sensor and compare these changes with the total reaction rate measured by the mass spectrometer from an ensemble of nominally identical particles. We find that the reaction kinetics of simultaneously measured individual Pt model catalysts are dictated by the grain structure and that the superposition of the individual nanoparticle response can account for the significant broadening observed in the corresponding nanoparticle ensemble data. In a wider perspective our work enables in situ plasmonic nanospectroscopy in controlled gas environments at high temperature to investigate the role of the surface state on transition metal catalysts during reaction and of processes such as alloying or surface segregation in situ at the single-nanoparticle level for model catalysts in the few tens to hundreds of nanometer size range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Liu
- Department of Physics, Chalmers
University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Arturo Susarrey Arce
- Department of Physics, Chalmers
University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sara Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers
University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - David Albinsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers
University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lars Hellberg
- Department of Physics, Chalmers
University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Svetlana Alekseeva
- Department of Physics, Chalmers
University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department of Physics, Chalmers
University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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20
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Cesaria M, Taurino A, Manera MG, Minunni M, Scarano S, Rella R. Gold nanoholes fabricated by colloidal lithography: novel insights into nanofabrication, short-range correlation and optical properties. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8416-8432. [PMID: 30985849 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal lithography is widely used as a low cost and large-area deposition approach, alternative to the conventional small-area expensive lithographic techniques, for the fabrication of short-range ordered sub-wavelength metallic nanostructures. This paper contributes to the understanding of the impact of the fabrication protocol of a colloidal mask on the optical and sensing properties of short range-ordered nanohole (NH) distributions fabricated by colloidal lithography in optically thin (20 nm thick) gold films. We consider polystyrene nanospheres (PS-NSPs) with a nominal diameter of 80 nm, electrostatically adsorbed from a salt-free colloidal solution onto a polydiallyldimethylammonium (PDDA) countercharged monolayer. By avoiding the conventional polyelectrolyte multilayer and based on the interplay between the deposition times of both PDDA and PS-NSPs, we demonstrate effective simplification of the commonly applied deposition protocol and effective tuning of the NH-to-NH spacing (dNN) with negligible agglomeration. Comparison with NH samples prepared by salt-containing colloidal solutions points out the negative impact of salt addition on the optical properties. The effective tuning of dNN obtained by our protocol demonstrates highly correlated disorder under unsaturated adsorption and allows a discussion on the analogies of the optical response between long- and short- range ordered NH systems, which is a still debated topic. By Fast Fourier Transform of autocorrelation images of scanning electron microscopy micrographs we demonstrate quantitatively, rather than in principle, the correspondence between an inherent ordering length-scale and dNN. As optical transducers for detecting refractive index changes, our samples exhibit significant bulk sensitivity (∼309 nm RIU-1) in the framework of short range ordered NH systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Cesaria
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, IMM-CNR, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
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21
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Chen Y, Shi D, Chen Y, Chen X, Gao J, Zhao N, Wong CP. A Facile, Low-Cost Plasma Etching Method for Achieving Size Controlled Non-Close-Packed Monolayer Arrays of Polystyrene Nano-Spheres. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040605. [PMID: 31013724 PMCID: PMC6523458 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer nano-sphere arrays attract great research interest as they can be used as templates to fabricate various nano-structures. Plasma etching, and in particular high-frequency plasma etching, is the most commonly used method to obtain non-close-packed monolayer arrays. However, the method is still limited in terms of cost and efficiency. In this study, we demonstrate that a low frequency (40 kHz) plasma etching system can be used to fabricate non-close-packed monolayer arrays of polystyrene (PS) nano-spheres with smooth surfaces and that the etching rate is nearly doubled compared to that of the high-frequency systems. The study reveals that the low-frequency plasma etching process is dominated by a thermal evaporation etching mechanism, which is different from the atom-scale dissociation mechanism that underlines the high-frequency plasma etching. It is found that the polystyrene nano-sphere size can be precisely controlled by either adjusting the etching time or power. Through introducing oxygen as the assisting gas in the low frequency plasma etching system, we achieved a coalesced polystyrene nano-sphere array and used it as a template for metal-assisted chemical etching. We demonstrate that the method can significantly improve the aspect ratio of the silicon nanowires to over 200 due to the improved flexure rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- School of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Dachuang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Microelectronic Manufacturing Technology & Equipment of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ni Zhao
- School of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ching-Ping Wong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Microelectronic Manufacturing Technology & Equipment of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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22
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Yu H, Man T, Ji W, Shi L, Wu C, Pei H, Zhang C. Controllable self-assembly of parallel gold nanorod clusters by DNA origami. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Lewis DJ, Gabrys PA, Macfarlane RJ. DNA-Directed Non-Langmuir Deposition of Programmable Atom Equivalents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:14842-14850. [PMID: 30169041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Particle assembly at interfaces via programmed DNA interactions allows for independent modification of both nanoparticle-surface interaction strength and the magnitude of interparticle repulsion. Together, these factors allow for modification of the deposited thin film morphology via alterations in DNA binding sequence. Importantly, both Langmuir and random sequential adsorption models yield insights into the thermodynamics of deposition but cannot fully explain particle coverage as a function of all relevant variables, indicating that the particle deposition mechanism for DNA-grafted colloids is more complex than prior adsorption phenomena. Here, it is shown that these deviations from standard behavior arise from the fact that each nanoparticle is attached to the surface via multiple weak DNA duplex interactions, enabling diffusion of adsorbed colloids across the substrate. Thus, surface migration of individual particles causes reorganization of the deposited monolayer, leading to the unusual behavior of coverage increasing at elevated temperatures that are just below the particle desorption temperature. The programmability of DNA-directed particle deposition therefore allows for precise control over the morphology of monolayer films, as well as the ability to generate crystalline materials with controllable surface roughness and grain size through layer-by-layer growth. The increased control over thin film morphology potentially enables tailoring of mechanical and optical properties and holds promise for use in a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Lewis
- Draper , 555 Technology Square , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Paul A Gabrys
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Robert J Macfarlane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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24
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Bochenkov VE, Sutherland DS. Chiral plasmonic nanocrescents: large-area fabrication and optical properties. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:27101-27108. [PMID: 30469784 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.027101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Large-area arrays of substrate-supported plasmonic gold crescents are fabricated by using the new colloidal lithography technique, which is based on an in situ-deposited silica resistance layer. The method provides the means to control the particles' asymmetry just by changing the mutual deposition angle of gold and silica. Asymmetric crescent structures exhibit a pronounced circular dichroism in near-infrared region, with the chiral asymmetry factor reaching 0.2. According to the simulation, the optical chirality enhancement reaches between one and two orders of magnitude and is localized near the crescents' tips.
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25
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Yang J, Zhang M, Lan X, Weng X, Shu Q, Wang R, Qiu F, Wang C, Yang Y. Controllable Fabrication of Non-Close-Packed Colloidal Nanoparticle Arrays by Ion Beam Etching. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:177. [PMID: 29892834 PMCID: PMC5995763 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) nanoparticle films with non-close-packed arrays were prepared by using ion beam etching technology. The effects of etching time, beam current, and voltage on the size reduction of PS particles were well investigated. A slow etching rate, about 9.2 nm/min, is obtained for the nanospheres with the diameter of 100 nm. The rate does not maintain constant with increasing the etching time. This may result from the thermal energy accumulated gradually in a long-time bombardment of ion beam. The etching rate increases nonlinearly with the increase of beam current, while it increases firstly then reach its saturation with the increase of beam voltage. The diameter of PS nanoparticles can be controlled in the range from 34 to 88 nm. Based on the non-close-packed arrays of PS nanoparticles, the ordered silicon (Si) nanopillars with their average diameter of 54 nm are fabricated by employing metal-assisted chemical etching technique. Our results pave an effective way to fabricate the ordered nanostructures with the size less than 100 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Energy Research, Yunnan University, Cuihu North Road 2, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan Province China
| | - Mingling Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Xu Lan
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Xiaokang Weng
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Qijiang Shu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Energy Research, Yunnan University, Cuihu North Road 2, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan Province China
| | - Rongfei Wang
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Energy Research, Yunnan University, Cuihu North Road 2, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan Province China
| | - Feng Qiu
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Energy Research, Yunnan University, Cuihu North Road 2, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan Province China
| | - Chong Wang
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Energy Research, Yunnan University, Cuihu North Road 2, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan Province China
| | - Yu Yang
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Energy Research, Yunnan University, Cuihu North Road 2, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan Province China
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26
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Rizzato S, Primiceri E, Monteduro AG, Colombelli A, Leo A, Manera MG, Rella R, Maruccio G. Interaction-tailored organization of large-area colloidal assemblies. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:1582-1593. [PMID: 29977692 PMCID: PMC6009375 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal lithography is an innovative fabrication technique employing spherical, nanoscale crystals as a lithographic mask for the low cost realization of nanoscale patterning. The features of the resulting nanostructures are related to the particle size, deposition conditions and interactions involved. In this work, we studied the absorption of polystyrene spheres onto a substrate and discuss the effect of particle-substrate and particle-particle interactions on their organization. Depending on the nature and the strength of the interactions acting in the colloidal film formation, two different strategies were developed in order to control the number of particles on the surface and the interparticle distance, namely changing the salt concentration and absorption time in the particle solution. These approaches enabled the realization of large area (≈cm2) patterning of nanoscale holes (nanoholes) and nanoscale disks (nanodisks) of different sizes and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rizzato
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Primiceri
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anna Grazia Monteduro
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte (Bari), Italy
| | | | - Angelo Leo
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Rella
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, IMM-CNR, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
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Chan LW, Morse DE, Gordon MJ. Moth eye-inspired anti-reflective surfaces for improved IR optical systems & visible LEDs fabricated with colloidal lithography and etching. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2018; 13:041001. [PMID: 29547135 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/aab738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Near- and sub-wavelength photonic structures are used by numerous organisms (e.g. insects, cephalopods, fish, birds) to create vivid and often dynamically-tunable colors, as well as create, manipulate, or capture light for vision, communication, crypsis, photosynthesis, and defense. This review introduces the physics of moth eye (ME)-like, biomimetic nanostructures and discusses their application to reduce optical losses and improve efficiency of various optoelectronic devices, including photodetectors, photovoltaics, imagers, and light emitting diodes. Light-matter interactions at structured and heterogeneous surfaces over different length scales are discussed, as are the various methods used to create ME-inspired surfaces. Special interest is placed on a simple, scalable, and tunable method, namely colloidal lithography with plasma dry etching, to fabricate ME-inspired nanostructures in a vast suite of materials. Anti-reflective surfaces and coatings for IR devices and enhancing light extraction from visible light emitting diodes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley W Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5080, United States of America
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28
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Chen Z, Bachhuka A, Wei F, Wang X, Liu G, Vasilev K, Xiao Y. Nanotopography-based strategy for the precise manipulation of osteoimmunomodulation in bone regeneration. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:18129-18152. [PMID: 29143002 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells play vital roles in regulating bone dynamics. Successful bone regeneration requires a favourable osteo-immune environment. The high plasticity and diversity of immune cells make it possible to manipulate the osteo-immune response of immune cells, thus modulating the osteoimmune environment and regulating bone regeneration. With the advancement in nanotechnology, nanotopographies with different controlled surface properties can be fabricated. On tuning the surface properties, the osteo-immune response can be precisely modulated. This highly tunable characteristic and immunomodulatory effects make nanotopography a promising strategy to precisely manipulate osteoimmunomdulation for bone tissue engineering applications. This review first summarises the effects of the immune response during bone healing to show the importance of regulating the immune response for the bone response. The plasticity of immune cells is then reviewed to provide rationales for manipulation of the osteoimmune response. Subsequently, we highlight the current types of nanotopographies applied in bone biomaterials and their fabrication techniques, and explain how these nanotopographies modulate the immune response and the possible underlying mechanisms. The effects of immune cells on nanotopography-mediated osteogenesis are emphasized, and we propose the concept of "nano-osteoimmunomodulation" to provide a valuable strategy for the development of nanotopographies with osteoimmunomodulatory properties that can precisely regulate bone dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetao Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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29
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Ulmeanu M, Harniman RL, Petkov P, Ashfold MNR. Modifying the Morphology of Silicon Surfaces by Laser Induced Liquid Assisted Colloidal Lithography. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:ma10111306. [PMID: 29135967 PMCID: PMC5706253 DOI: 10.3390/ma10111306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Single, or isolated small arrays of, spherical silica colloidal particles (with refractive index ncolloid = 1.47 and radius R = 350 nm or 1.5 μm) were placed on a silicon substrate and immersed in carbon tetrachloride (nliquid = 1.48) or toluene (nliquid = 1.52). Areas of the sample were then exposed to a single laser pulse (8 ps duration, wavelength λ = 355 nm), and the spatial intensity modulation of the near field in the vicinity of the particles revealed via the resulting patterning of the substrate surface. In this regime, ncolloid < nliquid and the near-field optical intensification is concentrated at and beyond the edge of the particle. Detailed experimental characterization of the irradiated Si surface using atomic force microscopy reveals contrasting topographies. The same optical behavior is observed with both liquids, i.e., the incident laser light diverges on interaction with the colloidal particle, but the resulting interaction with the substrate is liquid dependent. Topographic analysis indicates localized ablation and patterning of the Si substrate when using toluene, whereas the patterning induced under carbon tetrachloride is on a larger scale and extends well below the original substrate surface-hinting at a laser induced photochemical contribution to the surface patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petko Petkov
- Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK.
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK.
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30
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Demeter A, Tiron V, Lupu N, Stoian G, Sirghi L. Plasma sputtering depositions with colloidal masks for fabrication of nanostructured surfaces with enhanced photocatalytic activity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:255302. [PMID: 28471756 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Titanium oxide/silicon oxide (TiO2/SiO2) 2D patterns were obtained by magnetron sputtering depositions of Ti on close-packed and size-reduced colloidal masks on Si and quartz substrates, followed by mask lift-off and ending with thermal oxidation. The physical processes involved in growing 2D Ti patterns and their oxidation are analyzed. For the magnetron sputtering deposition, two regimes are considered: the low-pressure regime when the flux of sputtered atoms is anisotropic, and the high-pressure regime, when the flux of sputtered atoms is isotropic due to frequent collisions. Moreover, magnetron sputtering operation modes, such as dc sputtering and high power impulse sputtering, are compared. The changes in pattern size and morphology determined by the oxidation of the Ti patterns and Si substrate are analyzed. The hydrophilicity induced by UV-light irradiation and the visible-light photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of the methylene blue of the fabricated TiO2/SiO2 patterns were considerably higher when compared to the performances of uniform TiO2 films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Demeter
- Iasi Plasma Advanced Research Center (IPARC), Faculty of Physics, 'Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iasi, Iasi-700506, Romania
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31
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Malekian B, Xiong K, Emilsson G, Andersson J, Fager C, Olsson E, Larsson-Langhammer EM, Dahlin AB. Fabrication and Characterization of Plasmonic Nanopores with Cavities in the Solid Support. SENSORS 2017. [PMID: 28632153 PMCID: PMC5492491 DOI: 10.3390/s17061444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures are widely used for various sensing applications by monitoring changes in refractive index through optical spectroscopy or as substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. However, in most practical situations conventional surface plasmon resonance is preferred for biomolecular interaction analysis because of its high resolution in surface coverage and the simple single-material planar interface. Still, plasmonic nanostructures may find unique sensing applications, for instance when the nanoscale geometry itself is of interest. This calls for new methods to prepare nanoscale particles and cavities with controllable dimensions and curvature. In this work, we present two types of plasmonic nanopores where the solid support underneath a nanohole array has been etched, thereby creating cavities denoted as ‘nanowells’ or ‘nanocaves’ depending on the degree of anisotropy (dry or wet etch). The refractometric sensitivity is shown to be enhanced upon removing the solid support because of an increased probing volume and a shift of the asymmetric plasmonic field towards the liquid side of the finite gold film. Furthermore, the structures exhibit different spectral changes upon binding inside the cavities compared to the gold surface, which means that the structures can be used for location-specific detection. Other sensing applications are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Malekian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kunli Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gustav Emilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jenny Andersson
- Insplorion AB, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8A, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Fager
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eva Olsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Andreas B Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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32
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Kamp CJ, Perez Garza HH, Fredriksson H, Kasemo B, Andersson B, Skoglundh M. Nanofabricated Catalyst Particles for the Investigation of Catalytic Carbon Oxidation by Oxygen Spillover. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4903-4912. [PMID: 28426229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic oxidation of carbon by molecular oxygen was studied using C/Pt, Pt/C, Pt/Al2O3/C, Pt/CeO2/C, Al2O3/C, and CeO2/C model samples prepared by hole-mask colloidal lithography. By this technique, the degree of contact between platinum and carbon was controlled with high precision. The oxidation of carbon was monitored using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that Pt in direct contact with carbon catalyzes the oxidation of carbon by spillover of dissociated oxygen from Pt to carbon. By physically separating Pt and carbon with a 10 nm thin spacer layer of Al2O3, the oxygen spillover was entirely blocked. However, through a corresponding spacer layer of CeO2, carbon oxidation was still observed, either by oxygen spillover from Pt to carbon or directly dissociated on the ceria, although at a slower rate compared to the case with no spacer layer between Pt and carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Justin Kamp
- Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 58 Gothenburg Sweden
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hector Hugo Perez Garza
- Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 58 Gothenburg Sweden
- Delft University of Technology , 2628 CD Delft, Netherlands
| | - Hans Fredriksson
- Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 58 Gothenburg Sweden
- Eindhoven University of Technology , 5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Bengt Kasemo
- Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 58 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Bengt Andersson
- Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 58 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Magnus Skoglundh
- Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 58 Gothenburg Sweden
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33
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The influence of controlled surface nanotopography on the early biological events of osseointegration. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:559-571. [PMID: 28232253 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The early cell and tissue interactions with nanopatterned titanium implants are insufficiently described in vivo. A limitation has been to transfer a pre-determined, well-controlled nanotopography to 3D titanium implants, without affecting other surface parameters, including surface microtopography and chemistry. This in vivo study aimed to investigate the early cellular and molecular events at the bone interface with screw-shaped titanium implants superimposed with controlled nanotopography. Polished and machined titanium implants were firstly patterned with 75-nm semispherical protrusions. Polished and machined implants without nano-patterns were designated as controls. Thereafter, all nanopatterned and control implants were sputter-coated with a 30nm titanium layer to unify the surface chemistry. The implants were inserted in rat tibiae and samples were harvested after 12h, 1d and 3d. In one group, the implants were unscrewed and the implant-adherent cells were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In another group, implants with surrounding bone were harvested en bloc for histology and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that nanotopography downregulated the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), at 1d, and triggered the expression of osteocalcin (OC) at 3d. This was in parallel with a relatively lower number of recruited CD68-positive macrophages in the tissue surrounding the nanopatterned implants. Moreover, a higher proportion of newly formed osteoid and woven bone was found at the nanopatterned implants at 3d. It is concluded that nanotopography, per se, attenuates the inflammatory process and enhances the osteogenic response during the early phase of osseointegration. This nanotopography-induced effect appeared to be independent of the underlying microscale topography. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study provides a first line of evidence that pre-determined nanopatterns on clinically relevant, screw-shaped, titanium implants can be recognized by cells in the complex in vivo environment. Until now, most of the knowledge relating to cell interactions with nanopatterned surfaces has been acquired from in vitro studies involving mostly two-dimensional nanopatterned surfaces of varying chemical composition. We have managed to superimpose pre-determined nanoscale topography on polished and micro-rough, screw-shaped, implants, without changes in the microscale topography or chemistry. This was achieved by colloidal lithography in combination with a thin titanium film coating on top of both nanopatterned and control implants. The early events of osseointegration were evaluated at the bone interface to these implants. The results revealed that nanotopography, as such, elicits downregulatory effects on the early recruitment and activity of inflammatory cells while enhancing osteogenic activity and woven bone formation.
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34
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Kandil SM, Eshrah IA, El Babli IS, Badawi AH. Plasmon hybridization in split ring nanosandwich for refractive index sensing- Numerical Investigation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:30201-30214. [PMID: 28059296 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a numerical investigation of a new nanosandwich structure suitable for use in refractive index sensing is presented. The split ring nanosandwich consists of a stack of two gold split rings separated by a SiO2 disk spacer where the gaps in the upper and lower split rings are in perpendicular axes. The optical properties of the structure are described using the plasmon hybridization picture. This structure shows a high tunability of the optical response due to its strong hybridized modes. Its sensitivity is explored as a function of its dimensions showing strong field enhancement and high refractive index sensitivity reaching 3024 nm/RIU and FOM of 1.4.
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35
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Bähler PT, Zanini M, Morgese G, Benetti EM, Isa L. Immobilization of Colloidal Monolayers at Fluid⁻Fluid Interfaces. Gels 2016; 2:E19. [PMID: 30674151 PMCID: PMC6318634 DOI: 10.3390/gels2030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monolayers of colloidal particles trapped at an interface between two immiscible fluids play a pivotal role in many applications and act as essential models in fundamental studies. One of the main advantages of these systems is that non-close packed monolayers with tunable inter-particle spacing can be formed, as required, for instance, in surface patterning and sensing applications. At the same time, the immobilization of particles locked into desired structures to be transferred to solid substrates remains challenging. Here, we describe three different strategies to immobilize monolayers of polystyrene microparticles at water⁻decane interfaces. The first route is based on the leaking of polystyrene oligomers from the particles themselves, which leads to the formation of a rigid interfacial film. The other two rely on in situ interfacial polymerization routes that embed the particles into a polymer membrane. By tracking the motion of the colloids at the interface, we can follow in real-time the formation of the polymer membranes and we interestingly find that the onset of the polymerization reaction is accompanied by an increase in particle mobility determined by Marangoni flows at the interface. These results pave the way for future developments in the realization of thin tailored composite polymer-particle membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Bähler
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prleog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michele Zanini
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prleog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Giulia Morgese
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prleog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prleog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prleog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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36
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Bøggild T, Runager K, Sutherland DS. Nanopattern Gradients for Cell Studies Fabricated Using Hole-Mask Colloidal Lithography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14975-14979. [PMID: 27245371 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Culturing cells on gradient nanopatterns provides a useful tool to explore cellular adhesion to mimics of the extracellular matrix or screen for cellular responses to nanopatterns. A method is presented to fabricate complex gradient protein patterns based on hole-mask colloidal lithography, which can generate nanopatterns in multiple materials and of multiple shapes. Gradients of gold structures were functionalized to form gradients of protein nanopatterns of different shapes (bars, dot pairs, and rings), where a key parameter was systematically varied in each gradient. Cells were grown on vitronectin nanopatterns, showing differential adhesion (spread area/focal adhesion size) along the gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Bøggild
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Runager
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Duncan S Sutherland
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
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Massiot I, Trompoukis C, Lodewijks K, Depauw V, Dmitriev A. Highly conformal fabrication of nanopatterns on non-planar surfaces. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:11461-11466. [PMID: 27193504 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00749j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
While the number of techniques for patterning materials at the nanoscale exponentially increases, only a handful of methods approach the conformal patterning of strongly non-planar surfaces. Here, using the direct surface self-assembly of colloids by electrostatics, we produce highly conformal bottom-up nanopatterns with a short-range order. We illustrate the potential of this approach by devising functional nanopatterns on highly non-planar substrates such as pyramid-textured silicon substrates and inherently rough polycrystalline films. We further produce functionalized polycrystalline thin-film silicon solar cells with enhanced optical performance. The perspective presented here to pattern essentially any surface at the nanoscale, in particular surfaces with high inherent roughness or with microscale features, opens new possibilities in a wide range of advanced technologies from affordable photovoltaics and optoelectronics to cellular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Massiot
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | - Kristof Lodewijks
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | - Alexandre Dmitriev
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Göteborg, Sweden. and Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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38
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Goiriena-Goikoetxea M, García-Arribas A, Rouco M, Svalov AV, Barandiaran JM. High-yield fabrication of 60 nm Permalloy nanodiscs in well-defined magnetic vortex state for biomedical applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:175302. [PMID: 26984933 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/17/175302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Permalloy disc structures in magnetic vortex state constitute a promising new type of magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications. They present high saturation magnetisation and lack of remanence, which ease the remote manipulation of the particles by magnetic fields and avoid the problem of agglomeration, respectively. Importantly, they are also endowed with the capability of low-frequency magneto-mechanical actuation. This effect has already been shown to produce cancer cell destruction using functionalized discs, about 1 μm in diameter, attached to the cell membrane. Here, Permalloy nanodiscs down to 60 nm in diameter are obtained by hole-mask colloidal lithography, which is proved to be a cost-effective method for the uniform patterning of large substrate areas, with a high production yield of nanostructures. The characterisation of the magnetic behaviour of the nanodiscs, complemented with micromagnetic simulations, confirms that they present a very well defined magnetic vortex configuration, unprecedented, to our knowledge, for nanostructures of this size prepared by a high-yield method. The successful detachment of the gold-covered nanodiscs from the substrate is also demonstrated by the use of sacrificial layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goiriena-Goikoetxea
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, (BCMaterials), Parque Tecnológico Bizkaia, Building 500, Derio, Spain
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39
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Xiong K, Emilsson G, Dahlin AB. Biosensing using plasmonic nanohole arrays with small, homogenous and tunable aperture diameters. Analyst 2016; 141:3803-10. [PMID: 26867475 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00046k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanohole arrays are widely used for optical label-free molecular detection. An important factor for many applications is the diameter of the apertures. So far nanohole arrays with controllable diameters below 100 nm have not been demonstrated and it has not been systematically investigated how the diameter influences the optical properties. In this work we fine-tune the diameter in short range ordered nanohole arrays down to 50 nm. The experimental far field spectra show how the wavelength of maximum extinction remains unaffected while the transmission maximum blue shifts with smaller diameters. The near field is visualized by numerical simulations, showing a homogenous enhancement throughout the cylindrical void at the transmission maximum for diameters between 50 and 100 nm. For diameters below 50 nm plasmon excitation is no longer possible experimentally or by simulations. Further, we investigate the refractive index sensing capabilities of the smaller holes. As the diameter was reduced, the sensitivity in terms of resonance shift with bulk liquid refractive index was found to be unaltered. However, for the transmission maximum the sensitivity becomes more strongly localized to the hole interior. By directing molecular binding to the bottom of the holes we demonstrate how smaller holes enhance the sensitivity in terms of signal per molecule. A real-time detection limit well below one protein per nanohole is demonstrated. The smaller plasmonic nanoholes should be suitable for studies of molecules confined in small volumes and as mimics of biological nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunli Xiong
- Dept. of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Techology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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40
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Understanding adsorption behavior of silica nanoparticles over a cellulose surface in an aqueous medium. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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41
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Trompoukis C, Massiot I, Depauw V, El Daif O, Lee K, Dmitriev A, Gordon I, Mertens R, Poortmans J. Disordered nanostructures by hole-mask colloidal lithography for advanced light trapping in silicon solar cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:A191-A201. [PMID: 26832573 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.00a191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of disordered nanostructures by combining colloidal lithography and silicon etching. We show good control of the short-range ordered colloidal pattern for a wide range of bead sizes from 170 to 850 nm. The inter-particle spacing follows a Gaussian distribution with the average distance between two neighboring beads (center to center) being approximately twice their diameter, thus enabling the nanopatterning with dimensions relevant to the light wavelength scale. The disordered nanostructures result in a lower integrated reflectance (8.1%) than state-of-the-art random pyramid texturing (11.7%) when fabricated on 700 µm thick wafers. When integrated in a 1.1 µm thin crystalline silicon slab, the absorption is enhanced from 24.0% up to 64.3%. The broadening of resonant modes present for the disordered nanopattern offers a more broadband light confinement compared to a periodic nanopattern. Owing to its simplicity, versatility and the degrees of freedom it offers, this potentially low-cost bottom-up nanopatterning process opens perspectives towards the integration of advanced light-trapping schemes in thin solar cells.
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Elnathan R, Isa L, Brodoceanu D, Nelson A, Harding FJ, Delalat B, Kraus T, Voelcker NH. Versatile Particle-Based Route to Engineer Vertically Aligned Silicon Nanowire Arrays and Nanoscale Pores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:23717-23724. [PMID: 26428032 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Control over particle self-assembly is a prerequisite for the colloidal templating of lithographical etching masks to define nanostructures. This work integrates and combines for the first time bottom-up and top-down approaches, namely, particle self-assembly at liquid-liquid interfaces and metal-assisted chemical etching, to generate vertically aligned silicon nanowire (VA-SiNW) arrays and, alternatively, arrays of nanoscale pores in a silicon wafer. Of particular importance, and in contrast to current techniques, including conventional colloidal lithography, this approach provides excellent control over the nanowire or pore etching site locations and decouples nanowire or pore diameter and spacing. The spacing between pores or nanowires is tuned by adjusting the specific area of the particles at the liquid-liquid interface before deposition. Hence, the process enables fast and low-cost fabrication of ordered nanostructures in silicon and can be easily scaled up. We demonstrate that the fabricated VA-SiNW arrays can be used as in vitro transfection platforms for transfecting human primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roey Elnathan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Brodoceanu
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Adrienne Nelson
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frances J Harding
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Bahman Delalat
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Vogel N, Retsch M, Fustin CA, del Campo A, Jonas U. Advances in Colloidal Assembly: The Design of Structure and Hierarchy in Two and Three Dimensions. Chem Rev 2015; 115:6265-311. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400081d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vogel
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse
4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence - Engineering of Advanced Materials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Retsch
- Physical
Chemistry 1 - Polymer Systems, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße
30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Charles-André Fustin
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio- and Soft Matter
Division (BSMA), Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis
Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Aranzazu del Campo
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Macromolecular
Chemistry, Cμ - The Research Center for Micro- and Nanochemistry
and Engineering, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
- Bio-Organic Materials Chemistry Laboratory (BOMCLab), Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Pla-Roca M, Isa L, Kumar K, Reimhult E. Selective (bio)functionalization of solid-state nanopores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:6030-5. [PMID: 25761465 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to selectively (bio)functionalize nanoscale features with the same materials chemistry. It was successfully combined with nanosphere lithography to fabricate and functionalize solid-state nanopores with PEG-brushes, supported lipid membranes, and functional proteins over large areas. The method is inexpensive, can be performed without specialized equipment, and can be applied to both topographic and planar surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateu Pla-Roca
- †Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Isa
- †Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karthik Kumar
- †Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik Reimhult
- †Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- ∥Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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45
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Schmidt TM, Frederiksen M, Bochenkov V, Sutherland DS. Exploring plasmonic coupling in hole-cap arrays. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:1-10. [PMID: 25671146 PMCID: PMC4311723 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The plasmonic coupling between gold caps and holes in thin films was investigated experimentally and through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations. Sparse colloidal lithography combined with a novel thermal treatment was used to control the vertical spacing between caps and hole arrays and compared to separated arrays of holes or caps. Optical spectroscopy and FDTD simulations reveal strong coupling between the gold caps and both Bloch Wave-surface plasmon polariton (BW-SPP) modes and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-type resonances in hole arrays when they are in close proximity. The interesting and complex coupling between caps and hole arrays reveals the details of the field distribution for these simple to fabricate structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Schmidt
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maj Frederiksen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Bochenkov
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Duncan S Sutherland
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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46
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Ali S, Tian W, Ali N, Shi L, Kong J, Ali N. Polymer melt flow through nanochannels: from theory and fabrication to application. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This short review presents the theory, fabrication, and application of polymer melts through nanochannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Ali
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Wei Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Nisar Ali
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Lingxiao Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Jie Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Nazakat Ali
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
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Lotito V, Zambelli T. Self-assembly and nanosphere lithography for large-area plasmonic patterns on graphene. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 447:202-10. [PMID: 25432446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic structures on graphene can tailor its optical properties, which is essential for sensing and optoelectronic applications, e.g. for the enhancement of photoresponsivity of graphene photodetectors. Control over their structural and, hence, spectral properties can be attained by using electron beam lithography, which is not a viable solution for the definition of patterns over large areas. For the fabrication of large-area plasmonic nanostructures, we propose to use self-assembled monolayers of nanospheres as a mask for metal evaporation and etching processes. An optimized approach based on self-assembly at air/water interface with a properly designed apparatus allows the attainment of monolayers of hexagonally closely packed patterns with high long-range order and large area coverage; special strategies are devised in order to protect graphene against damage resulting from surface treatment and further processing steps such as reactive ion etching, which could potentially impair graphene properties. Therefore we demonstrate that nanosphere lithography is a cost-effective solution to create plasmonic patterns on graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lotito
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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48
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Akinoglu EM, Morfa AJ, Giersig M. Understanding anisotropic plasma etching of two-dimensional polystyrene opals for advanced materials fabrication. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:12354-12361. [PMID: 24580644 DOI: 10.1021/la500003u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic deformation of polystyrene particles in an oxygenated (O2/Ar) plasma is observed for radio frequency (rf) plasma and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). A facile model based on a ratio of completely isotropic and completely anisotropic etching is presented to describe the anisotropy of the etching process and is implemented to determine the height of the spheroid-shaped polystyrene particles. In our systems, we find the plasma etching to be 54% isotropic in the rf plasma and 79% isotropic in the ICP. With this model, the maximum material deposition thickness for nanofabrication with plasma-etched nanosphere lithography or colloid lithography can be predicted. Moreover, the etching of polystyrene particles in an oxygenated plasma is investigated versus the etching time, gas flow, gas composition, temperature, substrate material, and particle size. The results of this study allow precise shape tuning during the fabrication of nanostructured surfaces with size-dependent properties for bionic, medical, and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eser M Akinoglu
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin, Germany
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49
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Sannomiya T, Junesch J, Hosokawa F, Nagayama K, Arai Y, Kayama Y. Multi-pore carbon phase plate for phase-contrast transmission electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2014; 146:91-6. [PMID: 25129640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new fabrication method of carbon based phase plates for phase-contrast transmission electron microscopy is presented. This method utilizes colloidal masks to produce pores as well as disks on thin carbon membranes for phase modulation. Since no serial process is involved, carbon phase plate membranes containing hundreds of pores can be mass-produced on a large scale, which allows "disposal" of contaminated or degraded phase modulating objects after use. Due to the spherical shape of the mask colloid particles, the produced pores are perfectly circular. The pore size and distribution can be easily tuned by the mask colloid size and deposition condition. By using the stencil method, disk type phase plates can also be fabricated on a pore type phase plate. Both pore and disk type phase plates were tested by measuring amorphous samples and confirmed to convert the sinus phase contrast transfer function to the cosine shape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kuniaki Nagayama
- National Institute of Physiological Science, Aichi, Japan; Sokendai, Kanagawa, Japan
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50
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Michna A, Adamczyk Z, Kubiak K, Jamroży K. Formation of PDADMAC monolayers evaluated in situ by QCM and streaming potential measurements. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 428:170-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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