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Li NY, Vorrius B, Ge J, Qiao Z, Zhu S, Katarincic J, Chen Q. Matrilin-2 within a three-dimensional lysine-modified chitosan porous scaffold enhances Schwann cell migration and axonal outgrowth for peripheral nerve regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1142610. [PMID: 37223659 PMCID: PMC10201561 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1142610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Matrilin-2 is a key extracellular matrix protein involved in peripheral nerve regeneration. We sought to develop a biomimetic scaffold to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration by incorporating matrilin-2 within a chitosan-derived porous scaffold. We hypothesized that the use of such a novel biomaterial delivers microenvironmental cues to facilitate Schwann cell (SC) migration and enhance axonal outgrowth during peripheral nerve regeneration. Materials and Methods: The effect of matrilin-2 on SC migration was evaluated with agarose drop migration assay on matrilin-2 coated dishes. SC adhesion was determined with SCs cultured atop tissue culture dishes coated with matrilin-2. Various formulations of chitosan vs matrilin-2 in scaffold constructs were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the matrilin-2/chitosan scaffold on SC migration in the collagen conduits was determined by capillary migration assays. Neuronal adhesion and axonal outgrowth were evaluated with three-dimensional (3D) organotypic assay of dorsal root ganglions (DRG). DRG axonal outgrowth within the scaffolds was determined by immunofluorescence staining of neurofilaments. Results: Matrilin-2 induced SC migration and enhanced its adhesion. A formulation of 2% chitosan with matrilin-2 demonstrated an optimal 3D porous architecture for SC interaction. Matrilin-2/chitosan scaffold enabled SCs to migrate against gravity within conduits. Chemical modification of chitosan with lysine (K-chitosan) further improved DRG adhesion and axonal outgrowth than the matrilin-2/chitosan scaffold without lysine modification. Conclusion: We developed a matrilin-2/K-chitosan scaffold to mimic extracellular matrix cues and provide a porous matrix to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. Taking advantage of matrilin-2's capability to stimulate SC migration and adhesion, we formulated a porous matrilin-2/chitosan scaffold to support axongal outgrowth. Chemical modification of chitosan with lysine further improved matrilin-2 bioactivity in the 3D scaffold. The 3D porous matrilin-2/K-chitosan scaffolds have high potential for enhancing nerve repair by stimulating SC migration, neuronal adhesion, and axonal outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neill Y. Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Brandon Vorrius
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jonathan Ge
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Zhen Qiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Julia Katarincic
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Qian Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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2
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Ge D, O'Brien MJ, Savoie FH, Gimble JM, Wu X, Gilbert MH, Clark-Patterson GL, Schuster JD, Miller KS, Wang A, Myers L, You Z. Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells expressing doublecortin improve cartilage repair in rabbits and monkeys. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:82. [PMID: 34848747 PMCID: PMC8633050 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized cartilage lesions in early osteoarthritis and acute joint injuries are usually treated surgically to restore function and relieve pain. However, a persistent clinical challenge remains in how to repair the cartilage lesions. We expressed doublecortin (DCX) in human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) and engineered hASCs into cartilage tissues using an in vitro 96-well pellet culture system. The cartilage tissue constructs with and without DCX expression were implanted in the knee cartilage defects of rabbits (n = 42) and monkeys (n = 12). Cohorts of animals were euthanized at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery to evaluate the cartilage repair outcomes. We found that DCX expression in hASCs increased expression of growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) and matrilin 2 in the engineered cartilage tissues. The cartilage tissues with DCX expression significantly enhanced cartilage repair as assessed macroscopically and histologically at 6, 12, and 24 months after implantation in the rabbits and 24 months after implantation in the monkeys, compared to the cartilage tissues without DCX expression. These findings suggest that hASCs expressing DCX may be engineered into cartilage tissues that can be used to treat localized cartilage lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Ge
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Michael J O'Brien
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Felix H Savoie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- LaCell LLC and Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA, USA
- Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiying Wu
- LaCell LLC and Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Margaret H Gilbert
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Jason D Schuster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kristin S Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Leann Myers
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zongbing You
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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3
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Jonas A, Thiem S, Kuhlmann T, Wagener R, Aszodi A, Nowell C, Hagemeier K, Laverick L, Perreau V, Jokubaitis V, Emery B, Kilpatrick T, Butzkueven H, Gresle M. Axonally derived matrilin-2 induces proinflammatory responses that exacerbate autoimmune neuroinflammation. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:5042-56. [PMID: 25329699 DOI: 10.1172/jci71385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), inflammatory axonal injury is a major determinant of disability; however, the drivers of this injury are incompletely understood. Here, we used the EAE model and determined that the extracellular matrix protein matrilin-2 (MATN2) is an endogenous neuronal molecule that is regulated in association with inflammatory axonal injury. Compared with WT mice, mice harboring a deletion of Matn2 exhibited reduced disease severity and axon damage following induction of EAE. Evaluation of neuron-macrophage cocultures revealed that exogenous MATN2 specifically signals through TLR4 and directly induces expression of proinflammatory genes in macrophages, promoting axonal damage. Moreover, the MATN2-induced proinflammatory response was attenuated greatly in macrophages from Myd88 KO mice. Examination of brain sections from patients with MS revealed that MATN2 is expressed in lesions but not in normal-appearing white matter. Together, our results indicate that MATN2 is a deleterious endogenous neuroaxonal injury response signal that activates innate immune cells and could contribute to early axonal damage in CNS inflammatory diseases like MS.
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4
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Doublecortin may play a role in defining chondrocyte phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6941-60. [PMID: 24758934 PMCID: PMC4013671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development of articular cartilage has not been well understood and the role of doublecortin (DCX) in determination of chondrocyte phenotype is unknown. Here, we use a DCX promoter-driven eGFP reporter mouse model to study the dynamic gene expression profiles in mouse embryonic handplates at E12.5 to E13.5 when the condensed mesenchymal cells differentiate into either endochondral chondrocytes or joint interzone cells. Illumina microarray analysis identified a variety of genes that were expressed differentially in the different regions of mouse handplate. The unique expression patterns of many genes were revealed. Cytl1 and 3110032G18RIK were highly expressed in the proximal region of E12.5 handplate and the carpal region of E13.5 handplate, whereas Olfr538, Kctd15, and Cited1 were highly expressed in the distal region of E12.5 and the metacarpal region of E13.5 handplates. There was an increasing gradient of Hrc expression in the proximal to distal direction in E13.5 handplate. Furthermore, when human DCX protein was expressed in human adipose stem cells, collagen II was decreased while aggrecan, matrilin 2, and GDF5 were increased during the 14-day pellet culture. These findings suggest that DCX may play a role in defining chondrocyte phenotype.
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Piróg KA, Katakura Y, Mironov A, Briggs MD. Mild myopathy is associated with COMP but not MATN3 mutations in mouse models of genetic skeletal diseases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82412. [PMID: 24312420 PMCID: PMC3842254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) are skeletal disorders resulting from mutations in COMP, matrilin-3 or collagen IX and are characterised by short-limbed dwarfism and premature osteoarthritis. Interestingly, recent reports suggest patients can also manifest with muscle weakness. Here we present a detailed analysis of two mouse models of the PSACH/MED disease spectrum; ΔD469 T3-COMP (PSACH) and V194D matrilin-3 (MED). In grip test experiments T3-COMP mice were weaker than wild-type littermates, whereas V194D mice behaved as controls, confirming that short-limbed dwarfism alone does not contribute to PSACH/MED-related muscle weakness. Muscles from T3-COMP mice showed an increase in centronuclear fibers at the myotendinous junction. T3-COMP tendons became more lax in cyclic testing and showed thicker collagen fibers when compared with wild-type tissue; matrilin-3 mutant tissues were indistinguishable from controls. This comprehensive study of the myopathy associated with PSACH/MED mutations enables a better understanding of the disease progression, confirms that it is genotype specific and that the limb weakness originates from muscle and tendon pathology rather than short-limbed dwarfism itself. Since some patients are primarily diagnosed with neuromuscular symptoms, this study will facilitate better awareness of the differential diagnoses that might be associated with the PSACH/MED spectrum and subsequent care of PSACH/MED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A. Piróg
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshihisa Katakura
- Division of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandr Mironov
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences and University of Manchester, Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Michael D. Briggs
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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6
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Klatt AR, Becker AKA, Neacsu CD, Paulsson M, Wagener R. The matrilins: Modulators of extracellular matrix assembly. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:320-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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7
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Wei X, Wu L, Ling J, Liu L, Liu S, Liu W, Li M, Xiao Y. Differentially expressed protein profile of human dental pulp cells in the early process of odontoblast-like differentiation in vitro. J Endod 2009; 34:1077-84. [PMID: 18718369 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp cells (DPCs) are capable of differentiating into odontoblasts that secrete reparative dentin after pulp injury. The molecular mechanisms governing reparative dentinogenesis are yet to be fully understood. Here we investigated the differential protein profile of human DPCs undergoing odontogenic induction for 7 days. Using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis coupled with matrix-assisted laser adsorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, 23 protein spots related to the early odontogenic differentiation were identified. These proteins included cytoskeleton proteins, nuclear proteins, cell membrane-bound molecules, proteins involved in matrix synthesis, and metabolic enzymes. The expression of four identified proteins, which were heteronuclear ribonuclear proteins C, annexin VI, collagen type VI, and matrilin-2, was confirmed by Western blot and real-time real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. This study generated a proteome reference map during odontoblast-like differentiation of human DPCs, which will be valuable to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms in odontoblast-like differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wei
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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8
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Pitsillides A, Ashhurst DE. A critical evaluation of specific aspects of joint development. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:2284-94. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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9
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Expression of Matrilin-2 in Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2008; 14:15-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-008-9005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Pääkkönen V, Vuoristo JT, Salo T, Tjäderhane L. Comparative gene expression profile analysis between native human odontoblasts and pulp tissue. Int Endod J 2007; 41:117-27. [PMID: 18005044 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To undertake a large-scale analysis of the expression profiles of native human pulp tissue and odontoblasts, and search for genes expressed only in odontoblasts. METHODOLOGY Microarray was performed to pooled pulp and odontoblasts of native human third molars and to pooled +/- TGF-beta1 cultured pulps and odontoblasts (137 teeth). The repeatability of microarray analysis was estimated by comparing the experimental pulp samples with expression profiles of two pulp samples downloaded from the GEO database. The genes expressed only in the experimental pulp samples or in odontoblasts were divided into categories, and the expression of selected odontoblast-specific genes of extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and biogenesis category was confirmed with RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS A 85.3% repeatability was observed between pulp microarrays, demonstrating the high reliability of the technique. Overall 1595 probe sets were positive only in pulp and 904 only in odontoblasts. Sixteen expressed sequence tags (ESTs), which represent transcribed sequences encoding possibly unknown genes, were detected only in odontoblasts; two consistently expressed in all odontoblast samples. Matrilin 4 (MATN4) was the only ECM biogenesis and organization related gene detected in odontoblasts but not in pulp by microarray and RT-PCR. MATN4 protein expression only in odontoblasts was confirmed by Western blot. CONCLUSIONS Pulp tissue and odontoblast gene expression profiling provides basic data for further, more detailed protein analysis. In addition, MATN4 and the two ESTs could serve as an odontoblast differentiation marker, e.g. in odontoblast stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pääkkönen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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11
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Zhang Y, Ryan JA, Di Cesare PE, Liu J, Walsh CA, You Z. Doublecortin is expressed in articular chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 363:694-700. [PMID: 17897623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage and cartilage in the embryonic cartilaginous anlagen and growth plates are both hyaline cartilages. In this study, we found that doublecortin (DCX) was expressed in articular chondrocytes but not in chondrocytes from the cartilaginous anlagen or growth plates. DCX was expressed by the cells in the chondrogenous layers but not intermediate layer of joint interzone. Furthermore, the synovium and cruciate ligaments were DCX-negative. DCX-positive chondrocytes were very rare in tissue engineered cartilage derived from in vitro pellet culture of rat chondrosarcoma, ATDC5, and C3H10T1/2 cells. However, the new hyaline cartilage formed in rabbit knee defect contained mostly DCX-positive chondrocytes. Our results demonstrate that DCX can be used as a marker to distinguish articular chondrocytes from other chondrocytes and to evaluate the quality of tissue engineered or regenerated cartilage in terms of their "articular" or "non-articular" nature.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Animals
- Biomarkers/analysis
- Blotting, Western
- Cartilage, Articular/cytology
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cattle
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Chondrocytes/cytology
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- Doublecortin Domain Proteins
- Doublecortin Protein
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rabbits
- Rats
- Tissue Engineering
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Lawrence Ellison Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, 4635 Second Avenue, Room 2000, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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12
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Leighton MP, Nundlall S, Starborg T, Meadows RS, Suleman F, Knowles L, Wagener R, Thornton DJ, Kadler KE, Boot-Handford RP, Briggs MD. Decreased chondrocyte proliferation and dysregulated apoptosis in the cartilage growth plate are key features of a murine model of epiphyseal dysplasia caused by a matn3 mutation. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:1728-41. [PMID: 17517694 PMCID: PMC2674230 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption to endochondral ossification leads to delayed and irregular bone formation and can result in a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders known as the chondrodysplasias. One such disorder, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED), is characterized by mild dwarfism and early-onset osteoarthritis and can result from mutations in the gene encoding matrilin-3 (MATN3). To determine the disease mechanisms that underpin the pathophysiology of MED we generated a murine model of epiphyseal dysplasia by knocking-in a matn3 mutation. Mice that are homozygous for the mutation develop a progressive dysplasia and have short-limbed dwarfism that is consistent in severity with the relevant human phenotype. Mutant matrilin-3 is retained within the rough endoplasmic reticulum of chondrocytes and is associated with an unfolded protein response. Eventually, there is reduced proliferation and spatially dysregulated apoptosis of chondrocytes in the cartilage growth plate, which is likely to be the cause of disrupted linear bone growth and the resulting short-limbed dwarfism in the mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Leighton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Seema Nundlall
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Tobias Starborg
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Roger S. Meadows
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Farhana Suleman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lynette Knowles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - David J. Thornton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Karl E. Kadler
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Raymond P. Boot-Handford
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michael D. Briggs
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 1612755642; Fax: +44 1612755082;
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13
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Kanbe K, Yang X, Wei L, Sun C, Chen Q. Pericellular matrilins regulate activation of chondrocytes by cyclic load-induced matrix deformation. J Bone Miner Res 2007; 22:318-28. [PMID: 17129169 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.061104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pericellular matrix is at the ideal location to be involved in transmitting mechanical signals from the microenvironment to a cell. We found that changes of the content of matrilins that link various pericellular molecules surrounding chondrocytes affect mechanical stimulation of chondrocyte proliferation and gene expression. Thus, pericellular matrilins may play a role in chondrocyte mechanotransduction. INTRODUCTION Chondrocytes reside in a capsule of pericellular matrix (chondron), which has been hypothesized to play a critical role in transducing mechanical signals to the cell. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the levels of matrilin (MATN)-1 and -3, major components of the chondrocyte pericellular matrix network, regulate activation of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation by cyclic load-induced matrix deformation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Functional matrilins were decreased by expressing a dominant negative mini-MATN in primary chondrocytes or by using MATN1-null chondrocytes. The abundance of matrilins was also increased by expressing a wildtype MATN1 or MATN3 in chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were cultured in a 3D sponge subjected to cyclic deformation at 1 Hz. Chondrocyte gene expression was quantified by real-time RT-PCR and by Western blot analysis. Matrilin pericellular matrix assembly was examined by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Elimination of functional matrilins from pericellular matrix abrogated mechanical activation of Indian hedgehog signaling and abolished mechanical stimulation of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Excessive or reduced matrilin content decreased mechanical response of chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Normal content of matrilins is essential to optimal activation of chondrocytes by mechanical signals. Our data suggest that the sensitivity of chondrocytes to the changes in the microenvironment can be adjusted by altering the content of matrilins in pericellular matrix. This finding supports a critical role of pericellular matrix in chondrocyte mechano-transduction and has important implications in cartilage tissue engineering and mechanical adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Kanbe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University/Medical Center East, Japan
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14
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van der Weyden L, Wei L, Luo J, Yang X, Birk DE, Adams DJ, Bradley A, Chen Q. Functional knockout of the matrilin-3 gene causes premature chondrocyte maturation to hypertrophy and increases bone mineral density and osteoarthritis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 169:515-27. [PMID: 16877353 PMCID: PMC1698783 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding matrilin-3 (MATN3), a noncollagenous extracellular matrix protein, have been reported in a variety of skeletal diseases, including multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, which is characterized by irregular ossification of the epiphyses and early-onset osteoarthritis, spondylo-epimetaphyseal dysplasia, and idiopathic hand osteoarthritis. To assess the role of matrilin-3 in the pathogenesis of these diseases, we generated Matn3 functional knockout mice using embryonic stem cell technology. In the embryonic growth plate of the developing long bones, Matn3 null chondrocytes prematurely became prehypertrophic and hypertrophic, forming an expanded zone of hypertrophy. This expansion was attenuated during the perinatal period, and Matn3 homozygous null mice were viable and showed no gross skeletal malformations at birth. However, by 18 weeks of age, Matn3 null mice had a significantly higher total body bone mineral density than Matn1 null mice or wild-type littermates. Aged Matn3 null mice were much more predisposed to develop severe osteoarthritis than their wild-type littermates. Here, we show that matrilin-3 plays a role in modulating chondrocyte differentiation during embryonic development, in controlling bone mineral density in adulthood, and in preventing osteoarthritis during aging. The lack of Matn3 does not lead to postnatal chondrodysplasia but accounts for higher incidence of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise van der Weyden
- Mouse Genomics Lab, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Bilchick KC, Saha SK, Mikolajczyk E, Cope L, Ferguson WJ, Yu W, Girouard S, Kass DA. Differential regional gene expression from cardiac dyssynchrony induced by chronic right ventricular free wall pacing in the mouse. Physiol Genomics 2006; 26:109-15. [PMID: 16670254 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00281.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Routine clinical right ventricular pacing generates left ventricular dyssynchrony manifested by early septal shortening followed by late lateral contraction, which, in turn, reciprocally stretches the septum. Dyssynchrony is disadvantageous to cardiac mechanoenergetics and worsens clinical prognosis, yet little is known about its molecular consequences. Here, we report the influence of cardiac dyssynchrony on regional cardiac gene expression in mice. Mice were implanted with a custom-designed miniature cardiac pacemaker and subjected to 1-wk overdrive right ventricular free wall pacing (720 beats/min, baseline heart rate 520-620 beats/min) to generate dyssynchrony (pacemaker: 3-V lithium battery, rate programmable, 1.5 g, bipolar lead). Electrical capture was confirmed by pulsed-wave Doppler and dyssynchrony by echocardiography. Gene expression from the left ventricular septal and lateral wall myocardium was assessed by microarray (dual-dye method, Agilent) using oligonucleotide probes and dye swap. Identical analysis was applied to four synchronously contracting controls. Of the 22,000 genes surveyed, only 18 genes displayed significant (P < 0.01) differential expression between septal/lateral walls >1.5 times that in synchronous controls. Gene changes were confirmed by quantitative PCR with excellent correlations. Most of the genes (n = 16) showed greater septal expression. Of particular interest were seven genes coding proteins involved with stretch responses, matrix remodeling, stem cell differentiation to myocyte lineage, and Purkinje fiber differentiation. One week of iatrogenic cardiac dyssynchrony triggered regional differential expression in relatively few select genes. Such analysis using a murine implantable pacemaker should facilitate molecular studies of cardiac dyssynchrony and help elucidate novel mechanisms by which stress/stretch stimuli due to dyssynchrony impact the normal and failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Bilchick
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Ko YP, Kobbe B, Paulsson M, Wagener R. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) matrilins: shared and divergent characteristics with their mammalian counterparts. Biochem J 2005; 386:367-79. [PMID: 15588228 PMCID: PMC1134802 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned the cDNAs of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) members of the matrilin family of extracellular adaptor proteins. In contrast to mammals, no orthologue of matrilin-2 was found in zebrafish, either by RT (reverse-transcriptase) PCR using degenerated primers or by screening the databases (Ensembl and NCBI); however, two forms of matrilin-3, matrilin-3a and -3b, were present. The identity with the mammalian matrilins is from more than 70% for the VWA (von Willebrand factor A)-like domains to only 28% for the coiled-coil domains of matrilin-3a and -3b. In all zebrafish matrilins we found a greater variety of splice variants than in mammals, with splicing mainly affecting the number of EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like repeats. The exon-intron organization is nearly identical with that of mammals, and also the characteristic AT-AC intron interrupting the exons coding for the coiled-coil domain is conserved. In the matrilin-3b gene a unique exon codes for a proline- and serine/threonine-rich domain, possibly having mucin-like properties. The matrilin-1 and -3a genes were mapped to chromosome 19 and 20 respectively by the radiation hybrid method. The temporal and spatial expression of zebrafish matrilins is similar to that seen in the mouse. Zebrafish matrilin-4 is highly expressed as early as 24 hpf (h post fertilization), whereas the other matrilins show peak expression at 72 hpf. By immunostaining of whole mounts and sections, we found that matrilin-1 and -3a show predominantly skeletal staining, whereas matrilin-4 is more widespread, with the protein also being present in loose connective tissues and epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Ko
- *Centre for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Kobbe
- *Centre for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mats Paulsson
- *Centre for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
- †Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Raimund Wagener
- *Centre for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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17
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Wagener R, Ehlen HWA, Ko YP, Kobbe B, Mann HH, Sengle G, Paulsson M. The matrilins--adaptor proteins in the extracellular matrix. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:3323-9. [PMID: 15943978 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The matrilins form a four-member family of modular, multisubunit matrix proteins, which are expressed in cartilage but also in many other forms of extracellular matrix. They participate in the formation of fibrillar or filamentous structures and are often associated with collagens. It appears that they mediate interactions between collagen-containing fibrils and other matrix constituents, such as aggrecan. This adaptor function may be modulated by physiological proteolysis that causes the loss of single subunits and thereby a decrease in binding avidity. Attempts to study matrilin function by gene inactivation in mouse have been frustrating and so far not yielded pronounced phenotypes, presumably because of the extensive redundancy within the family allowing compensation by one family member for another. However, mutations in matrilin-3 in humans cause different forms of chondrodysplasias and perhaps also hand osteoarthritis. As loss of matrilin-3 is not critical in mouse, these phenotypes are likely to be caused by dominant negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Wagener
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
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18
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Korpos E, Molnár A, Papp P, Kiss I, Orosz L, Deák F. Expression pattern of matrilins and other extracellular matrix proteins characterize distinct stages of cell differentiation during antler development. Matrix Biol 2005; 24:124-35. [PMID: 15890263 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2004] [Revised: 01/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deer antler regeneration is a uniquely intense and complex process, which involves chondrogenic and intramembranous ossification. Cell differentiation in the developing antler of red deer, Cervus elaphus, was characterized with extracellular matrix markers. Expression of the four matrilin genes was monitored by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization and compared to cartilage markers collagen II and cartilage link protein, the bone component collagen I, and the endothelial basement membrane constituent laminin. The mesenchyme layer at the very tip of the velvet antler was enriched in link protein, indicative of the role of hyaluronan in apical morphogenesis. Matrilin-2, formerly described as a component of hard and soft connective tissue matrices, was identified here also as a marker of cells with high differentiation potential: it is expressed predominantly by mesenchyme cells, prechondrocytes and preosteoblasts. In addition to matrilin-3, documented as a component of the bony extracellular matrix, expression of the other three matrilin genes was observed in osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts. A layer of presumed osteoprogenitor cells, which surrounded the perivascular channels, expressed all four matrilins and collagen I. As a consequence, all four matrilins, including matrilin-1, previously detected in the skeleton only in cartilage, were found associated to collagen I-rich structures in a thin layer bordering the columns of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Cells with similar morphology and expression pattern were identified in the periosteum. Altogether all cell types of the chondrogenic and osteogenic lineage that expressed the four matrilins were in a separate study [Faucheux, C., Nicholls, B.M., Allen, S., Danks, J.A, Horton, M.A., Price, J.S., 2004. Recapitulation of the parathyroid hormone-related peptide-Indian hedgehog pathway in the regenerating deer antler. Dev. Dyn. 231, 88-97] positive for parathyroid hormone-related peptide and its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Korpos
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O.Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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19
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Mátés L, Nicolae C, Mörgelin M, Deák F, Kiss I, Aszódi A. Mice lacking the extracellular matrix adaptor protein matrilin-2 develop without obvious abnormalities. Matrix Biol 2005; 23:195-204. [PMID: 15296947 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2004.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2004] [Revised: 04/28/2004] [Accepted: 05/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Matrilins are putative adaptor proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) which can form both collagen-dependent and collagen-independent filamentous networks. While all known matrilins (matrilin-1, -2, -3, and -4) are expressed in cartilage, only matrilin-2 and matrilin-4 are abundant in non-skeletal tissues. To clarify the biological role of matrilin-2, we have developed a matrilin-2-deficient mouse strain. Matrilin-2 null mice show no gross abnormalities during embryonic or adult development, are fertile, and have a normal lifespan. Histological and ultrastructural analyses indicate apparently normal structure of all organs and tissues where matrilin-2 is expressed. Although matrilin-2 co-localizes with matrilin-4 in many tissues, Northern hybridization, semiquantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and biochemical analysis reveal no significant alteration in the steady-state level of matrilin-4 expression in homozygous mutant mice. Immunostaining of wild-type and mutant skin samples indicate no detectable differences in the expression and deposition of matrilin-2 binding partners including collagen I, laminin-nidogen complexes, fibrillin-2 and fibronectin. In addition, electron microscopy reveals an intact basement membrane at the epidermal-dermal junction and normal organization of the dermal collagen fibrils in mutant skin. These data suggest that either matrilin-2 and matrilin-2-mediated matrix-matrix interactions are dispensable for proper ECM assembly and function, or that they are efficiently compensated by other matrix components including wild-type levels of matrilin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos Mátés
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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20
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Karcagi I, Rauch T, Hiripi L, Rentsendorj O, Nagy A, Bõsze Z, Kiss I. Functional analysis of the regulatory regions of the matrilin-1 gene in transgenic mice reveals modular arrangement of tissue-specific control elements. Matrix Biol 2004; 22:605-18. [PMID: 15062854 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2003.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2003] [Revised: 11/17/2003] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Matrilin-1 is a non-collagenous protein, which functions in the organization of the extracellular matrix by forming collagen-dependent and -independent filamentous networks. It is secreted primarily by chondrocytes in a characteristic spatial, temporal and developmental stage-specific pattern during skeletogenesis. As a first step to define the tissue- and site-specific regulatory regions of the chicken matrilin-1 gene in vivo, we generated transgenic mice harboring various promoter and intronic fragments fused to the LacZ reporter gene. Histological analysis of the transgene expression pattern during ontogenic development revealed specific X-gal staining in most primordial elements of endochondral bones of transgenic mouse lines carrying either the long promoter between -2011 and +67 or the intronic fragment with a short promoter between -338 and +1819. The cartilage-specific activity of the latter transgene, however, was accompanied with variable ectopic expression pattern in neural and other tissues depending on the site of integration. The presence of both promoter upstream and intronic elements was necessary for the high level transgene activity in all chondrogenic tissues and for the extraskeletal transgene expression pattern resembling the most to that of the chicken matrilin-1 gene, e.g. expression in the eye, and lack of expression in the diminishing notochord and nucleus pulposus. The activity of the transgenes was restricted to the columnar proliferating and pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes visualized by BrdU incorporation and distribution of phosphorylated Sox9, respectively. DNA elements between -2011 and -338 also mediated ectopic LacZ expression in cells of neural crest origin. These results suggest that an interplay of modularly arranged cartilage- and neural crest-specific DNA elements control the expression of the matrilin-1 gene. The dispersal of cartilage-specific elements in the promoter upstream and intronic regions shows similarity to the transcriptional regulation of the Col11a2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Karcagi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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21
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Mäkitie O, Mortier GR, Czarny-Ratajczak M, Wright MJ, Suri M, Rogala P, Freund M, Jackson GC, Jakkula E, Ala-Kokko L, Briggs MD, Cole WG. Clinical and radiographic findings in multiple epiphyseal dysplasia caused by MATN3 mutations: Description of 12 patients. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 125A:278-84. [PMID: 14994237 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is characterized by pain and stiffness in joints and delayed and irregular ossification of epiphyses. Causative mutations have been recognized in six different genes. We have identified disease-causing mutations in the gene encoding matrilin-3, an extracellular matrix protein, in seven families with autosomal dominant MED. Review of the clinical and radiographic features in 12 of the affected family members shows a uniform pattern of skeletal anomalies in all patients with considerable degree of variability in severity, both between and within families. The characteristic clinical findings are onset of symptoms in early childhood with predominance of knee and hip related complaints, normal stature, and early-onset osteoarthritis. Radiographs show small and irregular epiphyses and mild metaphyseal irregularities and striations, especially at the knees and hips and mild spinal changes. Despite overlap, both clinically and radiographically, with other forms of MED, the described features may help to differentiate this particular form from other entities within the MED spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Mäkitie
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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22
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Szabó E, Lódi C, Korpos E, Batmunkh E, Rottenberger Z, Deák F, Kiss I, Tokés AM, Lotz G, László V, Kiss A, Schaff Z, Nagy P. Comparative genetics and evolution of annexin A13 as the founder gene of vertebrate annexins. Mol Biol Evol 2002; 26:554-60. [PMID: 17513098 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A13 (ANXA13) is believed to be the original founder gene of the 12-member vertebrate annexin A family, and it has acquired an intestine-specific expression associated with a highly differentiated intracellular transport function. Molecular characterization of this subfamily in a range of vertebrate species was undertaken to assess coding region conservation, gene organization, chromosomal linkage, and phylogenetic relationships relevant to its progenitor role in the structure-function evolution of the annexin gene superfamily. Protein diagnostic features peculiar to this subfamily include an alternate isoform containing a KGD motif, an elevated basic amino acid content with polyhistidine expansion in the 5'-translated region, and the conservation of 15% core tetrad residues specific to annexin A13 members. The 12 coding exons comprising the 58-kb human ANXA13 gene were deduced from BAC clone sequencing, whereas internal repetitive elements and neighboring genes in chromosome 8q24.12 were identified by contig analysis of the draft sequence from the human genome project. A unique exon splicing pattern in the annexin A13 gene was corroborated by coanalysis of mouse, rat, zebrafish, and pufferfish genomic DNA and determined to be the most distinct of all vertebrate annexins. The putative promoter region was identified by phylogenetic footprinting of potential binding sites for intestine-specific transcription factors. Mouse annexin A13 cDNA was used to map the gene to an orthologous linkage group in mouse chromosome 15 (between Sdc2 and Myc by backcross analysis), and the zebrafish cDNA permitted its localization to linkage group 24. Comparative analysis of annexin A13 from nine species traced this gene's speciation history and assessed coding region variation, whereas phylogenetic analysis showed it to be the deepest-branching vertebrate annexin, and computational analysis estimated the gene age and divergence rate. The unique, conserved aspects of annexin A13 primary structure, gene organization, and genetic maps identify it as the probable common ancestor of all vertebrate annexins, beginning with the sequential duplication to annexins A7 and A11 approximately 700 MYA, before the emergence of chordates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Szabó
- 2nd Institute of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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23
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Frank S, Schulthess T, Landwehr R, Lustig A, Mini T, Jenö P, Engel J, Kammerer RA. Characterization of the matrilin coiled-coil domains reveals seven novel isoforms. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:19071-9. [PMID: 11896063 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m202146200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrilins constitute a family of four oligomeric extracellular proteins that are involved in the development and homeostasis of cartilage and bone. To reveal their homo- and heterotypic oligomerization propensities, we analyzed the four human matrilin coiled-coil domains by biochemical and biophysical methods. These studies not only confirmed the homo- and heterotypic oligomerization states reported for the full-length proteins but revealed seven novel matrilin isoforms. Specific heterotrimeric interactions of variable chain stoichiometries were observed between matrilin-1 and matrilin-2, matrilin-1 and matrilin-4, and matrilin-2 and matrilin-4. In addition, matrilin-1 formed two different specific heterotetramers with matrilin-3. Interestingly, a distinct heterotrimer consisting of three different chains was formed between matrilin-1, matrilin-2, and matrilin-4. No interactions, however, were observed between matrilin-2 and matrilin-3 or between matrilin-3 and matrilin-4. Both homo- and heterotypic oligomers folded into parallel disulfide-linked structures, although coiled-coil formation was not dependent on disulfide bridge formation. Our results indicate that the heterotypic preferences seen for the matrilin coiled-coil domains are the result of the packing of the hydrophobic core rather than ionic interactions. Mass spectrometry revealed that the concentrations of the individual chains statistically determined the stoichiometry of the heteromers, suggesting that formation of the different matrillin chain combinations is controlled by expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Frank
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Briggs MD, Chapman KL. Pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: mutation review, molecular interactions, and genotype to phenotype correlations. Hum Mutat 2002; 19:465-78. [PMID: 11968079 DOI: 10.1002/humu.10066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) constitute a bone dysplasia family, which is both genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous. The disease spectrum ranges from mild MED, which manifests with pain and stiffness in the joints and delayed and irregular ossification of the epiphyses, to the more severe PSACH, which is characterized by marked short stature, deformity of the legs, and ligamentous laxity. PSACH is almost exclusively caused by mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) whereas various forms of MED are caused by mutations in the genes encoding COMP, type IX collagen (COL9A1, COL9A2, and COL9A3), matrilin-3 (MATN3), and solute carrier member 26, member 2 gene (SLC26A2). In this review we discuss specific disease-causing mutations and the clustering of these mutations in functionally and structurally important regions of the respective gene products, genotype to phenotype correlations, and the diagnostic relevance of mutation screening in these osteochondrodysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Briggs
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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25
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Abstract
The matrilins are a recently discovered family of non-collagenous extracellular matrix proteins. During embryogenesis, all matrilins are expressed in skeletal tissues. Additionally, matrilin-2 and -4 are expressed in the dermis and in connective tissues of internal organs, e.g. of the lung and kidney. After birth, the expression of matrilin-1 and -3 remains specific for cartilage and bone whereas matrilin-2 and -4 display a broader tissue distribution and could be detected in epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue as well as in loose and dense connective tissue. In epiphyseal cartilage of growing long bones, matrilin-1 and -3 are present in all cartilage regions, in contrast to matrilin-2, which is expressed in the proliferative and the upper hypertrophic zones. Similarly matrilin-4 was detected all over the epiphyseal cartilage, with the weakest expression in the hypertrophic zone. Although it was shown that matrilin-1 and -3 can form hetero-oligomers and are often co-localized in tissue, clear differences in their spatial distribution could be demonstrated by double-immunolabelling. During joint development matrilin-2 and matrilin-4 are present at the developing joint surface, while in articular cartilage of 6-week-old mice all matrilins are only weakly expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas R Klatt
- Institute for Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
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26
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Pullig O, Weseloh G, Klatt AR, Wagener R, Swoboda B. Matrilin-3 in human articular cartilage: increased expression in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2002; 10:253-63. [PMID: 11950247 DOI: 10.1053/joca.2001.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Matrilin-3 is a member of the recently described matrilin family of extracellular matrix proteins containing von Willebrand factor A-like domains. The matrilin-3 subunit can form homo-tetramers as well as hetero-oligomers together with subunits of matrilin-1 (cartilage matrix protein). It has a restricted tissue distribution and is strongly expressed in growing skeletal tissues. Detailed information on expression and distribution of extracellular matrix proteins is important to understand cartilage function in health and in disease like osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Normal and osteoarthritic cartilage were systematically analysed for matrilin-3 expression, using immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, in situ hybridization, and quantitative PCR. RESULTS Our results indicate that matrilin-3 is a mandatory component of mature articular cartilage with its expression being restricted to chondrocytes from the tangential zone and the upper middle cartilage zone. Osteoarthritic cartilage samples with only moderate morphological osteoarthritic degenerations have elevated levels of matrilin-3 mRNA. In parallel, we found an increased deposition of matrilin-3 protein in the cartilage matrix. Matrilin-3 staining was diffusely distributed in the cartilage matrix, with no cellular staining being detectable. In cartilage samples with minor osteoarthritic lesions, matrilin-3 deposition was restricted to the middle zone and to the upper deep zone. A strong correlation was found between enhanced matrilin-3 gene and protein expression and the extent of tissue damage. Sections with severe osteoarthritic degeneration showed the highest amount of matrilin-3 mRNA, strong signals in in situ hybridization, and prominent protein deposition in the middle and deep cartilage zone. CONCLUSION We conclude that matrilin-3 is an integral component of human articular cartilage matrix and that the enhanced expression of matrilin-3 in OA may be a cellular response to the modified microenvironment in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Pullig
- Division of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Rathsberger Str. 57, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- D Segat
- Institute for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
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28
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Klatt AR, Nitsche DP, Kobbe B, Macht M, Paulsson M, Wagener R. Molecular structure, processing, and tissue distribution of matrilin-4. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:17267-75. [PMID: 11279097 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100587200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrilin-4 is the most recently identified member of the matrilin family of von Willebrand factor A-like domain containing extracellular matrix adapter proteins. Full-length matrilin-4 was expressed in 293-EBNA cells, purified using affinity tags, and subjected to biochemical characterization. The largest oligomeric form of recombinantly expressed full-length matrilin-4 is a trimer as shown by electron microscopy, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. Proteolytically processed matrilin-4 species were also detected. The cleavage occurs in the short linker region between the second von Willebrand factor A-like domain and the coiled-coil domain leading to the release of large fragments and the formation of dimers and monomers of intact subunits still containing a trimeric coiled-coil. In immunoblots of calvaria extracts similar degradation products could be detected, indicating that a related proteolytic processing occurs in vivo. Matrilin-4 was first observed at day 7.5 post-coitum in mouse embryos. Affinity-purified antibodies detect a broad expression in dense and loose connective tissue, bone, cartilage, central and peripheral nervous systems and in association with basement membranes. In the matrix formed by cultured primary embryonic fibroblasts, matrilin-4 is found in a filamentous network connecting individual cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Klatt
- Institute for Biochemistry and the Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne Service Laboratory, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
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