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Assunção LS, Ribeiro CDF, de Souza CO, Danielski R, Kumari S, Nunes IL, Shahidi F. Nanoencapsulation of hybrid crude palm oil Unaué HIE OxG with jackfruit by-products as encapsulants: A study of cellular antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells. Food Chem 2024; 448:139009. [PMID: 38522297 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid crude palm oil (HCPO) HIE OxG is notable for its abundance of carotenoids, tocopherols, and tocotrienols. Investigating cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and the non-cytotoxicity of oil nanoparticles is crucial for understanding the behavior of these phytochemicals in biological systems and ensuring the safety of products. Nanoparticles of HCPO, encapsulated with jackfruit by-products were produced and characterized for CAA and cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells. The nanoparticles exhibited nanoscale diameters (<250 nm), uniform distribution and stability (polydispersity index < 0.25; zeta potential JSF-NP -12.46 ± 0.15 mV and JAF-NP -13.73 ± 1.28 mV). JSF-NP and JAF-NP demonstrated superior CAA compared to the free HCPO across all concentrations, without inducing cytotoxic effects on differentiated Caco-2 cells. This study underscores the importance of investigating the CAA of edible oil nanoparticles, with non-cytotoxicity indicating biological safety and the potential to safeguard intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, JSF-NP and JAF-NP emerge as promising delivery systems for future HCPO applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Santos Assunção
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia CEP: 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Camila Duarte Ferreira Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia CEP: 40170-115, Brazil; Nutrition School, Federal University of Bahia, Basílio da Gama Street, -w/n-Campus Canela, Salvador, Bahia 40110-907, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia CEP: 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Renan Danielski
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Sarika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Itaciara Larroza Nunes
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Admar Gonzaga Highway, 1346, Itacorubi, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88034-000, Brazil
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada.
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Huang J, Li MT, Shen AQ, Wan X, Liu XQ, Li YZ, Yang QQ, Zhang BB. The mechanistic study of adding polyunsaturated fatty acid to promote triterpenoids production in submerged fermentation of Sanghuangporus baumii. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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3
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Effects of chain length and saturation of triglycerides on cellular antioxidant activity of vegetable oil emulsions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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4
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Lou H, Li H, Wei T, Chen Q. Stimulatory Effects of Oleci Acid and Fungal Elicitor on Betulinic Acid Production by Submerged Cultivation of Medicinal Mushroom Inonotus obliquus. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040266. [PMID: 33807450 PMCID: PMC8066064 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the novel strategy of oleic acid and fungal elicitor (made from Aspergillus niger) to elicit betulinic acid biosynthesis in medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus, we conduct the stimulatory effects investigation for synthesizing betulinic acid from betulin. HPLC results indicated oleic acid and fungal elicitor were effective stimulators. The supplementation of 1.0 g/L oleic acid led to the highest increase of betulinic acid either in dry mycelia or fermentation broth by 2-fold of the control. Fungal elicitor at 45 mg/L markedly increases mycelia growth by 146.0% and enhance intracellular betulinic acid accumulation by 429.5% as compared to the controls. Quantification of transcription levels determined that oleic acid, fungal elicitor and their combinations could induce the expressions of key genes involved in betulinic acid biosynthesis, such as HMG-CoA reductase and squalene synthase. These findings indicated that oleic acid and fungal elicitor could enhance betulinic acid metabolism by up-regulating key genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qihe Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-86984316
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Huang J, Wang K, Zuo S, Chen L, Ding Z, El-shazly M, Zhang BB. Unsaturated fatty acid promotes the production of triterpenoids in submerged fermentation of Sanghuangporus baumii. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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6
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Lu M, Zhang T, Jiang Z, Guo Y, Qiu F, Liu R, Zhang L, Chang M, Liu R, Jin Q, Wang X. Physical properties and cellular antioxidant activity of vegetable oil emulsions with different chain lengths and saturation of triglycerides. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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7
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Evaluation of cytotoxicity of nanolipid carriers with structured Buriti oil in the Caco-2 and HepG2 cell lines. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1105-1118. [PMID: 32076836 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Buriti oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids and tocopherols and it is used for the treatment of various diseases. One strategy to restructure the triglycerides is enzymatic interesterification and nanocarriers have been employed to improve the solubility, bioavailability and stability of active compounds. This work aims to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of this structured oil in nanoemulsions and nanostructured lipid carriers to expand the applicability of the crude oil. None of the samples had a cytotoxic effect on Caco-2 and HepG2 cell lines at the concentrations tested. Structured lipids acted protecting against oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Additionally, no consumption of glutathione has been observed in both cells, and the compounds present in buriti oil are possibly acting as antioxidants. Thus, nanoparticles prepared with interesterified buriti oil had low cytotoxicity and high oxidative stability, with great potential for future applications.
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Wu P, Huang Z, Shan J, Luo Z, Zhang N, Yin S, Shen C, Xing R, Mei W, Xiao Y, Xu B, Mao J, Wang P. Interventional effects of the direct application of "Sanse powder" on knee osteoarthritis in rats as determined from lipidomics via UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS. Chin Med 2020; 15:9. [PMID: 31998403 PMCID: PMC6979340 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-0290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous clinical evidence suggested that the direct application of "Sanse powder" the main ingredient of "Yiceng" might represent an alternative treatment for knee osteoarthritis. However, the mechanism underlying its effect is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the effect of direct "Sanse powder" application for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in rats by using lipidomics. METHODS KOA rats were established by cutting the anterior cruciate ligament, and the cold pain threshold and mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of seven rats from each group were measured before modelling (0 days) and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after modelling. Histopathological evaluation of the synovial tissue was performed by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining after modelling for 28 days. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), pro-interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) proteins in synovial tissue were measured by western blot, and the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in synovial tissue were measured using Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in rat serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Serum lipid profiles were obtained by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS). RESULTS The results confirmed that the direct application of "Sanse powder" had a significant protective effect against KOA in rats. Treatment with "Sanse powder" not only attenuated synovial tissue inflammation but also increased the levels of the cold pain threshold and MWT. In addition, the lipidomics results showed that the levels of diacylglycerol (DAG), triacylglycerols (TAGs), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylcholine (PC), fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were restored almost to control levels following treatment. CONCLUSIONS Lipidomics provides a better understanding of the actions of direct application "Sanse powder" therapy for KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Zhengquan Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Zichen Luo
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Nongshan Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Songjiang Yin
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Cunsi Shen
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Runlin Xing
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Wei Mei
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yancheng Xiao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Bo Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Jun Mao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Peimin Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
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9
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Else PL. The highly unnatural fatty acid profile of cells in culture. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 77:101017. [PMID: 31809755 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid profile of cells in culture are unlike those of natural cells with twice the monounsaturated (MUFA) and half the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) level (Mol%). This is not due to cell lines primarily being derived from cancers but is due to limited access to lipid and an inability to make PUFA de novo as vertebrate cells. Classic culture methods use media with 10% serum (the only exogenous source of lipid). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), the serum of choice has a low level of lipid and cholesterol compared to other sera and at 10% of media provides 2-3% of the fatty acid and cholesterol, 1% of the PUFA and 0.3% of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid (18:2n-6) available to cells in the body. Since vertebrate cell lines cannot make PUFA they synthesise MUFA, offsetting their PUFA deficit and reducing their fatty acid diversity. Stem and primary cells in culture appear to be similarly affected, with a rapid loss of their natural fatty acid compositions. The unnatural lipid composition of cells in culture has substantial implications for examining natural stems cell in culture, and for investigations of cellular mechanisms using cell lines based on the pervasive influence of fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Else
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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de Oliveira RB, Matheus VA, Canuto LP, De Sant'ana A, Collares-Buzato CB. Time-dependent alteration to the tight junction structure of distal intestinal epithelia in type 2 prediabetic mice. Life Sci 2019; 238:116971. [PMID: 31634462 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM High-fat diet (HFD) intake has been associated with changes in intestinal microbiota composition, increased intestinal permeability, and onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this work was twofold: 1) to investigate the structural and functional alterations of the tight junction (TJ)-mediated intestinal epithelial barrier of ileum and colon, that concentrate most of the microbiota, after exposure to a HFD for 15, 30 and 60 days, and 2) to assess the effect of in vitro exposure to free fatty acids (FFAs), one of the components of HFD, on paracellular barrier of colon-derived Caco-2 cells. METHODS/KEY FINDINGS HFD exposure induced progressive metabolic changes in male mice that culminated in prediabetes after 60d. Morphological analysis of ileum and colon mucosa showed no signs of epithelial rupture or local inflammation but changes in the junctional content/distribution and/or cellular content of TJ-associated proteins (claudins-1, -2, -3, and occludin) in intestinal epithelia were seen mainly after a prediabetes state has been established. This impairment in TJ structure was not associated with significant changes in intestinal permeability to FITC-dextran. Exposure of Caco-2 monolayers to palmitic or linoleic acids seems to induce a reinforcement of TJ structure while treatment with oleic acid had a more diverse effect on TJ protein distribution. SIGNIFICANCE TJ structure in distal intestinal epithelia can be specifically impaired by HFD intake at early stage of T2DM, but not by FFAs in vitro. Since the TJ change in ileum/colon was marginal, probably it does not contribute to the disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Beltrame de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Valquiria Aparecida Matheus
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira Canuto
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariane De Sant'ana
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Beatriz Collares-Buzato
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Scanferlato R, Bortolotti M, Sansone A, Chatgilialoglu C, Polito L, De Spirito M, Maulucci G, Bolognesi A, Ferreri C. Hexadecenoic Fatty Acid Positional Isomers and De Novo PUFA Synthesis in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040832. [PMID: 30769921 PMCID: PMC6412212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid metabolism involves delta-9 and delta-6 desaturase enzymes forming palmitoleic acid (9cis-16:1; n-7 series) and sapienic acid (6cis-16:1; n-10 series), respectively. The corresponding biological consequences and lipidomic research on these positional monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) isomers are under development. Furthermore, sapienic acid can bring to the de novo synthesis of the n-10 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) sebaleic acid (5cis,8cis-18:2), but such transformations in cancer cells are not known. The model of Caco-2 cell line was used to monitor sapienic acid supplementation (150 and 300 μM) and provide evidence of the formation of n-10 fatty acids as well as their incorporation at levels of membrane phospholipids and triglycerides. Comparison with palmitoleic and palmitic acids evidenced that lipid remodelling was influenced by the type of fatty acid and positional isomer, with an increase of 8cis-18:1, n-10 PUFA and a decrease of saturated fats in case of sapienic acid. Cholesteryl esters were formed only in cases with sapienic acid. Sapienic acid was the less toxic among the tested fatty acids, showing the highest EC50s and inducing death only in 75% of cells at the highest concentration tested. Two-photon fluorescent microscopy with Laurdan as a fluorescent dye provided information on membrane fluidity, highlighting that sapienic acid increases the distribution of fluid regions, probably connected with the formation of 8cis-18:1 and the n-10 PUFA in cell lipidome. Our results bring evidence for MUFA positional isomers and de novo PUFA synthesis for developing lipidomic analysis and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Scanferlato
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ISOF, Area della Ricerca, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Sansone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ISOF, Area della Ricerca, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Istituto di Fisica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Istituto di Fisica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ISOF, Area della Ricerca, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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Letko Khait N, Malkah N, Kaneti G, Fried L, Cohen Anavy N, Bronshtein T, Machluf M. Radiolabeling of cell membrane-based nano-vesicles with 14C-linoleic acid for robust and sensitive quantification of their biodistribution. J Control Release 2018; 293:215-223. [PMID: 30527755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of biomimetic cell membrane-based nanoparticles is still overshadowed by many practical challenges, one of which is the difficulty to precisely measure the biodistribution of such nanoparticles. Currently, this challenge is mostly addressed using fluorescent techniques with limited sensitivity, or radioactive labeling methods, which rarely account for the nanoparticles themselves, but their payloads instead. Here we report the development of a robust method for the innate radioactive labeling of cells and membrane-based nanoparticles and their consequent sensitive detection and biodistribution measurements. The preclinical potential of this method was demonstrated with Nano-Ghosts (NGs), manufactured from the cytoplasmic membranes of mesenchymal stem cells cultured with radioactively-labeled linoleic acid and achieving a cell labeling efficiency of 36%. Radiolabeling did not affect the physiochemical properties of the NGs, which stably retained their radiolabels. Using radioactivity measurements, we are now able to determine precisely the amount of NGs uptaken by tissues and cells, thereby providing further support to our presumed active NG targeting mechanisms. Biodistribution studies comparing radiolabeled NGs to fluorescently-labeled ones have validated our method and revealed new information, which could not be obtained otherwise, regarding the NGs' unique kinetics and rapid clearance, supporting their excellent safety profiles. The reported approach may be expanded to other membrane-based entities to facilitate and hasten their preclinical development and be used in parallel with other labeling methods to provide different and additional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitzan Letko Khait
- The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Natali Malkah
- The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Galoz Kaneti
- The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Lital Fried
- The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Noa Cohen Anavy
- The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Tomer Bronshtein
- The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Marcelle Machluf
- The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel..
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Vahmani P, Rolland DC, Gzyl KE, Baines DDS, Dugan MER. The Growth-Inhibiting Effects of Beef Fatty Acids on MCF-7 Cells Are Influenced Mostly by the Depot Location and Inconsistently by the Biohydrogenation Intermediate Content. Lipids 2018; 53:699-708. [PMID: 30255942 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are formed during ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in ruminants. Although many studies have examined the anticarcinogenic effects of CLA, few studies have reported the anticarcinogenic properties of BHI in their natural form found in dairy and beef fats. The present study compared the growth-inhibitory effects of fatty acids from beef perirenal fat (PRF) or subcutaneous fat (SCF) with low or high levels of BHI in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed for 72 h to media containing increasing doses (50 to 400 μM) of different beef fat treatments. Fatty-acid analysis showed that BHI were readily incorporated into cell phospholipids (PL) in a treatment-dependent manner, but higher BHI in PL did not consistently inhibit growth. Culturing with low-BHI PRF or high-BHI PRF did not lead to growth inhibition, but low-BHI SCF inhibited growth, and inhibition was further increased by high-BHI SCF. Other classes of fatty acids may, therefore, be interacting with BHI resulting in differential effects on growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - David C Rolland
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Katherine E Gzyl
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Danica D S Baines
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, 5403 1st Ave S., Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
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14
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Mashtoub S, Cheah KY, Lymn KA, Howarth GS. Intestinal homeostasis is restored in mice following a period of intestinal growth induced by orally administered Emu Oil. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:945-952. [PMID: 29985049 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218787457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that orally administered Emu Oil (EO) increases mucosal thickness in the small intestine and colon in rodent models of chemotherapy-induced mucositis and colitis. However, it remains unclear whether mucosal thickening (crypt and villus lengthening) represents a process of normal or aberrant growth. We sought to determine if villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) measurements returned to normal in EO-treated rats following withdrawal of EO therapy. Dark agouti rats ( n = 8/group) were gavaged daily for 10 days with water, olive oil (OO), or EO (0.5 mL or 1 mL). Groups of rats were euthanized on days 10 and 17. Intestinal weights, lengths, VH, and CD were quantified. P < 0.05 was considered significant. On day 10, jejuno-ileum weight was increased by OO (26%) and EO (0.5 mL: 15%; 1 mL: 29%) compared to water controls ( P < 0.01), which was normalized by day 17. On days 10 and 17, jejuno-ileum length was greater in OO- (12%) and EO-treated rats (0.5 mL: 8%; 1 mL: 12%; P < 0.05), relative to water controls. On day 10, OO and EO increased ileal VH (OO: 32%; 0.5 EO: 22%; EO: 35%; P < 0.01) and CD (OO: 17%; 0.5 EO: 13%; EO: 22%) compared to water controls. Importantly, however, after withdrawal of all oils, VH and CD measurements returned to normal control values. Moreover, the VH:CD ratio (potential indicator of dysplasia) remained unchanged in all experimental groups on days 10 and 17. The restoration of normal intestinal architecture following cessation of Emu Oil therapy supports its safety for application in intestinal disorders. Impact statement Uncontrolled inflammation and intestinal proliferation can predispose to the development of colorectal cancer. In previous pre-clinical studies, we demonstrated that oral administration of Emu Oil promotes intestinal repair via stimulation of the mucosa in response to tissue injury and inflammation. Therefore, it was important to determine if Emu Oil administration did not promote the precocious development of colorectal cancer. The current study revealed that Emu Oil returned indicators of intestinal proliferation back to normal values after a period of seven days. These data strongly support the safety of Emu Oil for further studies in the context of bowel inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Mashtoub
- 1 School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6150, Australia.,2 Gastroenterology Department, Women's & Children's Hospital, North Adelaide 5006, Australia.,3 Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Ker Y Cheah
- 2 Gastroenterology Department, Women's & Children's Hospital, North Adelaide 5006, Australia
| | - Kerry A Lymn
- 4 School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Austalia
| | - Gordon S Howarth
- 2 Gastroenterology Department, Women's & Children's Hospital, North Adelaide 5006, Australia.,3 Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.,4 School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Austalia
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Determination of membrane disruption and genomic DNA binding of cinnamaldehyde to Escherichia coli by use of microbiological and spectroscopic techniques. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 178:623-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Rosa A, Piras A, Nieddu M, Putzu D, Cesare Marincola F, Falchi AM. Mugil cephalus roe oil obtained by supercritical fluid extraction affects the lipid profile and viability in cancer HeLa and B16F10 cells. Food Funct 2016; 7:4092-103. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00914j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We explored the changes in viability and lipid profile occurring in cancer cells, melanoma cells (B16F10 cells) and cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa cells), when exposed to an n-3 PUFA-rich oil obtained by SFE-CO2 extraction from Mugil cephalus processed roe (bottarga).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cittadella Universitaria
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - A. Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cittadella Universitaria
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - M. Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cittadella Universitaria
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - D. Putzu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cittadella Universitaria
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - F. Cesare Marincola
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cittadella Universitaria
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - A. M. Falchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cittadella Universitaria
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
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17
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Cao Y, Roursgaard M, Kermanizadeh A, Loft S, Møller P. Synergistic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles and Fatty acids on toxicity to caco-2 cells. Int J Toxicol 2014; 34:67-76. [PMID: 25421740 DOI: 10.1177/1091581814560032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids exposure may increase sensitivity of intestinal epithelial cells to cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). This study evaluated the synergistic effects of ZnO NPs and palmitic acid (PA) or free fatty acids (FFAs) mixture (oleic/PA 2:1) on toxicity to human colon epithelial (Caco-2) cells. The ZnO NPs exposure concentration dependently induced cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells showing as reduced proliferation and activity measured by 3 different assays. PA exposure induced cytotoxicity, and coexposure to ZnO NPs and PA showed the largest cytotoxic effects. The presence of FFAs mixture did not affect the ZnO NPs-induced cytotoxicity. Filtration of freshly prepared suspension of NPs through a 0.45-µm pore size membrane significantly reduced the cytotoxicity, indicating a role of concentration or size of particles in cytotoxic effects. The ZnO NPs and PA coexposure induced production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) but not intracellular ROS production, whereas FFAs mixture exposure did not induce mROS and inhibited intracellular ROS. Both ZnO NPs and fatty acids (PA and FFAs mixture) promoted lysosomal destabilization, which was not correlated with cytotoxicity. These results indicated that PA can enhance ZnO NPs-induced cytotoxicity probably by the augmentation of mROS production, whereas FFAs mixture did not affect ROS production. Synergistic effects between ZnO NPs and fatty acids may be important when considering NPs toxicity via oral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Kermanizadeh
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Rosa A, Scano P, Atzeri A, Deiana M, Falchi AM. Potential anti-tumor effects of Mugil cephalus processed roe extracts on colon cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:471-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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19
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Xiao G, Tang L, Yuan F, Zhu W, Zhang S, Liu Z, Geng Y, Qiu X, Zhang Y, Su L. Eicosapentaenoic acid enhances heat stress-impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function in Caco-2 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73571. [PMID: 24066055 PMCID: PMC3774713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier is known to have an important etiologic role in the pathophysiology of heat stroke. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), play a role in maintaining and protecting the TJ structure and function. This study is aimed at investigating whether n-3 PUFAs could alleviate heat stress-induced dysfunction of intestinal tight junction. Methods Human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells were pre-incubated with EPA, DHA or arachidonic acid (AA) and then exposed to heat stress. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) permeability were measured to analyze barrier integrity. Levels of TJ proteins, including occludin, ZO-1 and claudin-2, were analyzed by Western blot and localized by immunofluorescence microscopy. Messenger RNA levels were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). TJ morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results EPA effectively attenuated the decrease in TEER and impairment of intestinal permeability in HRP flux induced by heat exposure. EPA significantly elevated the expression of occludin and ZO-1, while DHA was less effective and AA was not at all effective. The distortion and redistribution of TJ proteins, and disruption of morphology were also effectively prevented by pretreatment with EPA. Conclusion This study indicates for the first time that EPA is more potent than DHA in protecting against heat-induced permeability dysfunction and epithelial barrier damage of tight junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhen Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Hot Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hot Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hot Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Hot Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Qiu
- Department of Nutrition, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (LS)
| | - Lei Su
- Key Laboratory of Hot Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (LS)
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20
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Beguin P, Errachid A, Larondelle Y, Schneider YJ. Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on tight junctions in a model of the human intestinal epithelium under normal and inflammatory conditions. Food Funct 2013; 4:923-31. [PMID: 23660640 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60036j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their immune-modulatory action on the intestinal mucosa immune cells, the n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been suggested to modulate the risk and development of inflammatory bowel diseases. Failure in the intestinal barrier is an important hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of dietary PUFA on tight junction protein localisation and on the modulation of epithelial permeability under physiological conditions or under an inflammatory stress. For this purpose, we first confirmed the accumulation of PUFA in phospholipid fractions of Caco-2 cells upon 7 days of incubation with specific PUFA. Thereafter, Caco-2 cells were cultured in inserts, which provide a model of the human intestinal barrier. Accumulation of dietary n-3 PUFA in phospholipids did not affect the presence of occludin in tight junction complexes, while that of dietary n-6 PUFA decreased it. Whatever the PUFA, at 30 μM, no distortion of the Caco-2 barrier function was observed. Otherwise, 150 μM of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affected ZO-1 intensity under normal conditions, but not occludin or the barrier function parameters. Finally, to simulate an inflammatory state, cells were exposed for 24 h to interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ at their basolateral side and to lypopolysaccharides at both sides. DHA limited the effect of inflammatory stimulus on occludin, ZO-1 and barrier function. In conclusion, this study has evidenced the specific effect of individual PUFA to modulate occludin and ZO-1 localization, according to the inflammatory status of this in vitro model of the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Beguin
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie & UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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21
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Membrane lipidome reorganization correlates with the fate of neuroblastoma cells supplemented with fatty acids. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55537. [PMID: 23405167 PMCID: PMC3566009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid is known to be apoptotic for nervous cells but no data are available on membrane lipidome transformations occurring during its supplementation, although membrane lipids are clearly involved in the apoptotic signaling cascade. NB100 neuroblastoma cells were supplemented with palmitic acid and membrane fatty acids were isolated, derivatized and analysed by gas chromatography at defined time intervals. Parallely, cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, cPLA(2) and caspase activations were checked. Interestingly, under 150 µM supplementation the incorporation of palmitic acid was accompanied by the specific release of arachidonic acid. This event was timely correlated with cPLA(2) and caspases activations, and the time window of 60 minutes was envisaged for crucial membrane lipidome changes. The simultaneous addition of 50 µM oleic, 50 µM arachidonic and 150 µM palmitic acids to the cell cultures influenced membrane changes with suppression of caspase activation and maintenance of cell viability. These results highlight the role of the membrane asset with fatty acid remodeling and suggest the potential of lipid-based strategies for influencing cell response and fate in human diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders or tumours.
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22
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Fauser J, Matthews G, Cummins A, Howarth G. Induction of Apoptosis by the Medium-Chain Length Fatty Acid Lauric Acid in Colon Cancer Cells due to Induction of Oxidative Stress. Chemotherapy 2013; 59:214-24. [DOI: 10.1159/000356067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Kloetzel M, Ehlers A, Niemann B, Buhrke T, Lampen A. TransFatty Acids Affect Cellular Viability of Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells and Activate Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:139-46. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.742554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Rosa A, Rescigno A, Piras A, Atzeri A, Scano P, Porcedda S, Zucca P, Assunta Dessì M. Chemical composition and effect on intestinal Caco-2 cell viability and lipid profile of fixed oil from Cynomorium coccineum L. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3799-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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25
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Piras A, Rosa A, Marongiu B, Atzeri A, Dessì MA, Falconieri D, Porcedda S. Extraction and separation of volatile and fixed oils from seeds of Myristica fragrans by supercritical CO₂: chemical composition and cytotoxic activity on Caco-2 cancer cells. J Food Sci 2012; 77:C448-53. [PMID: 22429024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Isolation of volatile and fixed oils from nutmeg have been obtained by supercritical fractioned extraction with carbon dioxide. Extraction experiments were carried out at pressures of 90 and 250 bar and temperature of 40 °C. The extraction step performed at 90 bar produced a volatile fraction mainly formed by myristicin (32.8%), sabinene (16.1%), α-pinene (9.8%), β-pinene (9.4%), β-phellandrene (4.9%), safrole (4.1%) and terpinen-4-ol (3.6%). The oil yield relative to this step of the process was 1.4% by weight of the charge. The last extraction step at 250 bar produced a butter-like material (nutmeg butter). The yield of this step was 14.4% by weight. The most represented fatty acids of fixed oil from nutmeg were 14:0 (79.2%), 18:1 n-9 (7.4%) and 16:0 (6.1%), and in particular the unsaturated fatty acids 18:1 n-9 averaged 32.96 μg/mg of oil. The level of myristicin in the nutmeg essential and fixed oils was also directly quantified by reversed HPLC-DAD. Moreover, the essential oil obtained from nutmeg, as well as myristicin, showed a significant in vitro inhibitory effect on the growth of a colon cancer cell line (undifferentiated Caco-2 cells). PRACTICAL APPLICATION In this study, the chemical characterization and the anticancer activity of nutmeg oils obtained by supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide were investigated. This is important for their potential application in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Piras
- Dipartamento di Scienze Chimiche, Univesità degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Degen C, Lochner A, Keller S, Kuhnt K, Dänicke S, Jahreis G. Influence of in vitro supplementation with lipids from conventional and Alpine milk on fatty acid distribution and cell growth of HT-29 cells. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:131. [PMID: 21816049 PMCID: PMC3163618 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, the influence of milk and dairy products on carcinogenesis remains controversial. However, lipids of ruminant origin such as conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are known to exhibit beneficial effects in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of milk lipids of different origin and varying quality presenting as free fatty acid (FFA) solutions on cellular fatty acid distribution, cellular viability, and growth of human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). Methods FAME of conventional and Alpine milk lipids (MLcon, MLalp) and cells treated with FFA derivatives of milk lipids were analyzed by means of GC-FID and Ag+-HPLC. Cellular viability and growth of the cells were determined by means of CellTiter-Blue®-assay and DAPI-assay (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride), respectively. Results Supplementation with milk lipids significantly decreased viability and growth of HT-29 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MLalp showed a lower SFA/MUFA ratio, a 8 fold increased CLA content, and different CLA profile compared to MLcon but did not demonstrate additional growth-inhibitory effects. In addition, total concentration and fatty acid distribution of cellular lipids were altered. In particular, treatment of the cells yielded highest amounts of two types of milk specific major fatty acids (μg FA/mg cellular protein) after 8 h of incubation compared to 24 h; 200 μM of MLcon (C16:0, 206 ± 43), 200 μM of MLalp (C18:1 c9, (223 ± 19). Vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11) contained in milk lipids was converted to c9,t11-CLA in HT-29 cells. Notably, the ratio of t11,c13-CLA/t7,c9-CLA, a criterion for pasture feeding of the cows, was significantly changed after incubation for 8 h with lipids from MLalp (3.6 - 4.8), compared to lipids from MLcon (0.3 - 0.6). Conclusions Natural lipids from conventional and Alpine milk showed similar growth inhibitory effects. However, different changes in cellular lipid composition suggested a milk lipid-depending influence on cell sensitivity. It is expected that similar changes may also be evident in other cell lines. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing a varied impact of complex milk lipids on fatty acid distribution in a colon cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Degen
- Institute of Nutrition, Dept. of Nutritional Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Dornburger Strasse 24, Jena, Germany
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Kuan CY, Walker TH, Luo PG, Chen CF. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Promote Paclitaxel Cytotoxicity via Inhibition of the MDR1 Gene in the Human Colon Cancer Caco-2 Cell Line. J Am Coll Nutr 2011; 30:265-73. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2011.10719969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Rosa A, Atzeri A, Deiana M, Melis MP, Loru D, Incani A, Cabboi B, Dessì MA. Effect of aqueous and lipophilic mullet (Mugil cephalus) Bottarga extracts on the growth and lipid profile of intestinal Caco-2 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1658-1666. [PMID: 21299240 DOI: 10.1021/jf1034256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The importance of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake has long been recognized in human nutrition. Although health benefits, n-3 PUFA are subject to rapid and/or extensive oxidation during processing and storage, resulting in potential alteration in nutritional composition and quality of food. Bottarga, a salted and semi-dried mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) ovary product, is proposed as an important source of n-3 PUFA, having high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this work, we investigated the extent of lipid oxidation of grated bottarga samples during 7 months of storage at -20 °C and room temperature under light exposure. Cell viability, lipid composition, and lipid peroxidation were measured in intestinal differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers after 6-48 h of incubation with lipid and hydrophilic extracts obtained from bottarga samples at different storage conditions. The storage of bottarga did not affect the n-3 PUFA level, but differences were observed in hydroperoxide levels in samples from different storage conditions. All tested bottarga extracts did not show a toxic effect on cell viability of differentiated Caco-2 cells. Epithelial cells incubated with bottarga oil had significant changes in fatty acid composition but not in cholesterol levels with an accumulation of EPA, DHA, and 22:5. Cell hydroperoxides were higher in treated cells, in relation to the oxidative status of bottarga oil. Moreover, the bottarga lipid extract showed an in vitro inhibitory effect on the growth of a colon cancer cell line (undifferentiated Caco-2 cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rosa
- Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Patologia Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Cagliari , Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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McFarland DC, Velleman SG, Pesall JE, Coy CS. Effect of lipids on avian satellite cell proliferation, differentiation and heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 159:188-95. [PMID: 21356326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of fatty acids on the proliferation, differentiation, and expression of syndecan-4 and glypican-1 in avian myogenic satellite cells (SC). SC derived from the pectoralis major (PM) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles of the turkey and chicken were individually administered 8 different fatty acids in defined medium during proliferation. A parallel set of turkey SC was induced to differentiate. Highest levels of proliferation of turkey PM and BF SC occurred in cultures containing oleate. Linoleate and oleate were equipotent in supporting proliferation of chicken SC. Microscopic examination revealed that inclusion of docosahexaenoate or eicosapentaenoate was toxic towards both PM and BF SC from both species. Linolenate and arachidonate diminished levels of differentiation. Expression of glypican-1 varied between treatments to a greater extent with turkey BF than with PM SC. Expression in chicken PM and BF SC demonstrated a similar pattern in response to treatments. Turkey PM syndecan-4 expression varied between treatments, whereas expression in turkey BF SC was similar between treatments. Expression in chicken SC varied little between treatments. The results demonstrate species and muscle-specific differences in the parameters examined. It is proposed that changes in lipid raft receptor interactions may contribute to these observed differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C McFarland
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2170, ASC 101, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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Chen DF, Li X, Xu Z, Liu X, Du SH, Li H, Zhou JH, Zeng HP, Hua ZC. Hexadecanoic Acid from Buzhong Yiqi Decoction Induced Proliferation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Med Food 2010; 13:967-70. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Feng Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xican Li
- College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Hui Du
- College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhou
- College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - He-Ping Zeng
- Faculty of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Stern MC, Butler LM, Corral R, Joshi AD, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Yu MC. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, DNA repair single nucleotide polymorphisms and colorectal cancer in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2010; 2:273-9. [PMID: 20559012 DOI: 10.1159/000308467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal and in vitrostudies support a role for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in colon carcinogenesis; however, the epidemiological evidence is inconclusive. Recently, we investigated their role within the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based cohort of Singapore Chinese men and women. We reported that a high intake of marine n-3 PUFAs was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Oxidation of PUFAs incorporated into cell membranes generates lipid hydroperoxides, which can be mutagenic. In this report, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes modified the effect of PUFAs on CRC risk using a nested case-control study within the Singapore Chinese Health Study. We genotyped 1,181 controls and 311 cases (180 colon and 131 rectal cancer) for SNPs in the XRCC1 (Arg194Trp, Arg399Gln), OGG1 (Ser326Cys), PARP (Val762Ala, Lys940Arg), and XPD (Asp312Asn, Lys751Gln) genes. We observed that the PARP Val762Ala SNP modified the association between marine n-3 PUFA and rectal cancer risk, with no evidence of interaction among colon cancer (heterogeneity test p=0.003). Our results suggest a positive association between high intake of marine n-3 PUFA and rectal cancer risk among carriers of at least one PARP codon 762 Ala allele (odds ratio=1.7, 95% confidence interval=1.1-2.7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Lack of genoprotective effect of phytosterols and conjugated linoleic acids on Caco-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1791-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Roig-Pérez S, Ferrer C, Rafecas M, Moretó M, Ferrer R. Correlation of Taurine Transport with Membrane Lipid Composition and Peroxidation in DHA-Enriched Caco-2 Cells. J Membr Biol 2009; 228:141-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-009-9166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Niu X, Gupta K, Yang JT, Shamblott MJ, Levchenko A. Physical transfer of membrane and cytoplasmic components as a general mechanism of cell-cell communication. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:600-10. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.031427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence from different research areas has revealed a novel mechanism of cell-cell communication by spontaneous intercellular transfer of cellular components (ICT). Here we studied this phenomenon by co-culturing different cells that contain distinct levels of proteins or markers for the plasma membrane or cytoplasm. We found that a variety of transmembrane proteins are transferable between multiple cell types. Membrane lipids also show a high efficiency of intercellular transfer. Size-dependent cytoplasmic transfer allows exchange of cytoplasmic macromolecules up to 40 kDa between somatic cells, and up to 2000 kDa between uncommitted human precursor cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Protein transfer, lipid transfer and cytoplasmic component transfer can occur simultaneously and all require direct cell-cell contact. Analyses of the properties of ICT, together with a close examination of cell-cell interactions, suggest that the spontaneous ICT of different cellular components might have a common underlying process: transient local membrane fusions formed when neighboring cells undergo close cell-cell contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kshitiz Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joy T. Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael J. Shamblott
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Methy N, Binquet C, Boutron-Ruault MC, Paillot B, Faivre J, Bonithon-Kopp C. Dietary fatty acids and recurrence of colorectal adenomas in a European intervention trial. Nutr Cancer 2009; 60:560-7. [PMID: 18791918 DOI: 10.1080/01635580802008260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have provided inconsistent data about the role of dietary fatty acids in colorectal cancer, and few studies have addressed their role in colorectal adenoma. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of overall adenoma recurrence associated with dietary consumption of total fat, subtypes of fat, and specific fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid). The study sample was composed of 523 patients with confirmed adenomas at the index colonoscopy, 35 to 75 yr old, who completed the European fiber-calcium intervention trial and had an initial dietary assessment using a qualitative and quantitative food questionnaire. The overall 3-yr recurrence rate was 22.6% (118 out of 523 patients). There were no significant associations between overall adenoma recurrence and either total fat, subtypes of fat, or specific fatty acids. However, polyunsaturated fatty acids and linoleic acid were both moderately but significantly associated with distal and multiple recurrence. No significant associations were observed with recurrence of proximal or advanced adenomas. Our findings do not support the hypothesis of strong associations between dietary fatty acids and recurrence of colorectal adenomas. The hypothesis of a differential role of specific fatty acids according to colorectal subsites deserves further investigation.
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Engelbrecht AM, Toit-Kohn JLD, Ellis B, Thomas M, Nell T, Smith R. Differential induction of apoptosis and inhibition of the PI3-kinase pathway by saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in a colon cancer cell model. Apoptosis 2008; 13:1368-77. [PMID: 18785011 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have shown that certain long chain fatty acids can induce apoptosis in cancer cells, the molecular mechanisms for this phenomenon are still poorly elucidated. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cell growth and can also contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The aims of the present study were three fold: (i) to investigate the potential chemopreventative/antiproliferative effect of various fatty acids in colon cancer cells (CaCo-2 cells) and normal colon epithelium cells (NCM460 cells); (ii) to investigate the mechanisms by which incubation with various fatty acids influences the PI3-kinase pathway in CaCo-2 cells; and (iii) to evaluate apoptosis in our cell model. Although all the fatty acids increased the viability of normal (NCM460) cells, only docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in the cancer (CaCo-2) cells. Our results indicate that DHA is an effective chemotherapeutic agent to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and that this effect is mediated by the PI3-kinase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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Willemsen LEM, Koetsier MA, Balvers M, Beermann C, Stahl B, van Tol EAF. Polyunsaturated fatty acids support epithelial barrier integrity and reduce IL-4 mediated permeability in vitro. Eur J Nutr 2008; 47:183-91. [PMID: 18497998 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-008-0712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal mucosa functions as a barrier against harmful dietary and microbial antigens. An intact gut barrier forms a prerequisite for protection against infection and allergy. Both allergic and inflammatory mediators (e.g. IL-4, IFN-gamma) are known to compromise the epithelial barrier integrity by enhancing permeability. Breast milk provides protection against infection and allergy and contains polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). AIM OF THE STUDY Although PUFA are commonly used in infant formulas their effect on intestinal barrier is still poorly understood. Therefore the effects of distinct PUFA (n-6: LA, GLA, DGLA, AA; n-3: ALA, EPA, DHA) and a fat blend with PUFA composition similar to that of the human breast milk fat fraction, on barrier integrity were investigated. METHODS Human intestinal epithelial cells (T84) were pre-incubated with individual PUFA or a lipase treated fat blend, with or without subsequent IL-4 exposure. Barrier integrity was evaluated by measuring transepithelial resistance and permeability. Membrane phospholipid composition was determined by capillary gas chromatography. RESULTS DGLA, AA, EPA, DHA and to a lesser extend GLA enhanced basal TER and strongly reduced IL-4 mediated permeability, while LA and ALA were ineffective. Furthermore, the lipase treated fat blend effectively supported barrier function. PUFA were incorporated in the membrane phospholipid fraction of T84 cells. CONCLUSIONS Long chain PUFA DGLA, AA, EPA and DHA were particularly effective in supporting barrier integrity by improving resistance and reducing IL-4 mediated permeability. Fat blends that release specific PUFA upon digestion in the gastrointestinal tract may support natural resistance.
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Toit-Kohn JLD, Louw L, Engelbrecht AM. Docosahexaenoic acid induces apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma cells by modulating the PI3 kinase and p38 MAPK pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 20:106-14. [PMID: 18479896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids can kill cancer cells in vitro as well as in vivo, while normal cells remain unaffected. Unfortunately, the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential chemopreventative/antiproliferative potential of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in an adenocarcinoma cell line (CaCo2 cells) and to evaluate the signalling pathways modulated by it. DHA (5-50 microM) significantly inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in CaCo2 cells, while the viability of normal colon cells (NCM460 cells) was not compromised. DHA also induced apoptosis in CaCo2 cells, as indicated by increases in caspase-3 activation and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage. Signalling proteins, which include extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Akt and p53 were analysed by Western blotting using phosphospecific and total antibodies. The protein inhibitors wortmannin (phosphoinositide 3 kinase inhibitor), PD 98059 (MEK inhibitor) and SB 203580 (p38 inhibitor) as well as silencing RNA [small interfering RNA (siRNA)] of the p38 MAPK protein, were used to investigate cross-talk between signalling pathways. DHA supplementation significantly suppressed Akt phosphorylation, which also correlated with decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in CaCo2 cells. Furthermore, siRNA experiments suggested a possible role for p38 MAPK in the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15, a site which is associated with DNA damage. DHA might thus exert its beneficial effects by means of increased apoptosis and suppression of the important survival-related kinase, Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe-Lin du Toit-Kohn
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, Republic of South Africa
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Siddiqui RA, Harvey K, Stillwell W. Anticancer properties of oxidation products of docosahexaenoic acid. Chem Phys Lipids 2008; 153:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Zhao S, Jia L, Gao P, Li Q, Lu X, Li J, Xu G. Study on the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on phospholipids composition in membrane microdomains of tight junctions of epithelial cells by liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47:343-50. [PMID: 18280689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tight junctions of epithelial cells determine epithelial membrane integrity and play an important role in selective paracellular permeability to ions and macromolecules. In this work, we investigated the effect of one of n-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the phospholipid composition of membrane microdomains of tight junctions. After treated by EPA, membrane microdomains of tight junctions were isolated by discontinuous sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, and raft phospholipids were extracted. The PE, PI, PS, PC and SM were separated and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC Qtrap-MS), and were further identified by HPLC-MS/MS. It was found that EPA altered the fatty acyl substitution of phospholipids that constituted membrane microdomains of tight junctions by enriching the unsaturated fatty acyl chains of the phospholipids. It provides a new visual angle to explaining the intracellular mechanism involved in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) modulation of intestinal tight junction barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Zhao
- National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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41
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Chen DF, Zeng HP, Du SH, Li H, Zhou JH, Li YW, Wang TT, Hua ZC. Extracts from Plastrum testudinis promote proliferation of rat bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2007; 40:196-212. [PMID: 17472727 PMCID: PMC6496535 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2007.00431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to identify active components of PT involved in promoting proliferation of MSCs and to investigate its mechanism. PT was extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Evidence provided by MTT, HE stain, BrdUrd, PCNA immunoreactivity and cell cycle indicated that Plastrum Testudinis Extracted with ethyl acetate (PTE) is the only active components responsible for increasing MSCs proliferation. RESULTS This finding leads us to identify the chemical component of PTE. Steroid, fatty acids and their esters components in PTE were determined by GC-MS and HPLC. The mechanism of PTE action may be associated with the up-regulation of BMP4. CONCLUSIONS Our findings give novel insights into the promoting effects of Plastrum Testudinis on proliferation of MSCs and help to identify the chemical component and to clarify the mechanism of its pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. F. Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - H. P. Zeng
- Faculty of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - S. H. Du
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - H. Li
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - J. H. Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y. W. Li
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - T. T. Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z. C. Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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42
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De La Torre A, Debiton E, Juanéda P, Durand D, Chardigny JM, Barthomeuf C, Bauchart D, Gruffat D. Beef conjugated linoleic acid isomers reduce human cancer cell growth even when associated with other beef fatty acids. Br J Nutr 2007; 95:346-52. [PMID: 16469152 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although many data are available concerning anticarcinogenic effects of industrial conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), few studies have reported the antitumour properties of CLA mixtures originating from ruminant products. The aim of the present study was to investigate thein vitroantiproliferative effects of beef CLA mixtures on breast, lung, colon, melanoma and ovarian human cancer cell lines. For this purpose, four fatty acid (FA) extracts prepared from beef lipid and varying in their CLA composition, their corresponding purified CLA-enriched fractions, and mixtures of pure synthetic CLA, the composition of which reproduced that of the four selected beef samples, were tested on cancer cell lines. Cancer cells were exposed for 48h to medium containing 100μm-FA and their proliferation was determined by quantifying cellular DNA content (Hoechst 33342 dye). Compared with cells incubated without FA, the number of cancer cells was reduced from 25 to 67% (P<0·0001) following FA treatment. Antiproliferative effects of CLA mixtures varied in magnitude according to the source of FA, the CLA composition and the cell lines. CLA mixtures naturally present in beef inhibited the proliferation of human cancer cell lines, a high content incis-transisomers allowing the most important antiproliferative effect. Beef total FA exhibited a greater growth-inhibitory activity than their corresponding CLA-enriched fractions. These results suggested that either beef FA other than beef CLA could possess antiproliferative properties and/or the existence of complementary effects of non-conjugated FA and CLA, which could favour the antiproliferative properties of beef total FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne De La Torre
- INRA, Unité de Recherche sur les Herbivores, Equipe Nutriments et Métabolismes, 63122 Saint Genès-Champanelle, France
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A comparative study on the effect of algal and fish oil on viability and cell proliferation of Caco-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 45:716-24. [PMID: 17141934 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2005] [Revised: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rich micro-algal oil was tested in vitro and compared with fish oil for antiproliferative properties on cancer cells in vitro. Oils derived from Crypthecodinium cohnii, Schizochytrium sp. and Nitzschia laevis, three commercial algal oil capsules, and menhaden fish oil were used in cell viability and proliferation tests with human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells. With these tests no difference was found between algal oil and fish oil. The nonhydrolysed algal oils and fish oil showed a much lower toxic effect on cell viability, and cell proliferation in Caco-2 cells than the hydrolysed oils and the free fatty acids (FFAs). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) were used as samples for comparison with the tested hydrolysed and nonhydrolysed oils. The hydrolysed samples showed comparative toxicity as the free fatty acids and no difference between algal and fish oil. Oxidative stress was shown to play a role in the antiproliferative properties of EPA and DHA, as alpha-tocopherol could partially reverse the EPA/DHA-induced effects. The results of the present study support a similar mode of action of algal oil and fish oil on cancer cells in vitro, in spite of their different PUFA content.
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Schweitzer SC, Reding AM, Patton HM, Sullivan TP, Stubbs CE, Villalobos-Menuey E, Huber SA, Newell MK. Endogenous versus exogenous fatty acid availability affects lysosomal acidity and MHC class II expression. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:2525-37. [PMID: 16914769 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600329-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the immune system, inflammation, and cellular metabolism are linked to diseases associated with dyslipidemias, the mechanism(s) remain unclear. To determine whether there is a mechanistic link between lipid availability and inflammation/immune activation, we evaluated macrophage cell lines incubated under conditions of altered exogenous and endogenous lipid availability. Limiting exogenous lipids results in decreased lysosomal acidity and decreased lysosomal enzymatic activity. Both lysosomal parameters are restored with the addition of oleoyl-CoA, suggesting that fatty acids play a role in the regulation of lysosomal function. Cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded molecules is also decreased in the absence of exogenous lipids. Additionally, we observe decreased gamma-interferon stimulation of cell surface MHC class II. Using cerulenin to limit the endogenous synthesis of fatty acids results in decreased cell surface expression of MHC class II but does not appear to alter lysosomal acidity, suggesting that lysosomal acidity is dependent on exogenous, but not endogenous, fatty acid availability. Testing these conclusions in an in vivo mouse model, we observed statistically significant, diet-dependent differences in lysosomal acidity and MHC class II cell surface expression. Collectively, these data demonstrate a mechanistic link between lipid availability and early events in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Schweitzer
- Colorado University Institute of Bioenergetics, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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45
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Lai KL, Torres-Duarte AP, Vanderhoek JY. 9-trans, 11-trans-CLA: antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on bovine endothelial cells. Lipids 2006; 40:1107-16. [PMID: 16459922 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-005-1474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell function can be influenced by nutrition, especially dietary FA and antioxidants. One class of dietary FA that is found in meat and dairy products derived from ruminant animals is conjugated linoleic acids (CLA). We have examined the effects of several CLA isomers on endothelial cell proliferation. 9t,11t-CLA was the only isomer that inhibited bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC) [3H]methylthymidine incorporation (I50 = 35 microM), and this antiproliferative effect was time-dependent. A small decrease (20%) in cell number was observed only at the highest concentration (60 microM) tested. The 9c,11t-, 9c,11c-, 10t 12c-, and 11c,13t-CLA isomers did not exhibit any antiproliferative effects over a 5-60 microM concentration range. alpha-Tocopherol and BHT decreased BAEC proliferation, but pretreatment of cells with either of these antioxidants substantially attenuated the antiproliferative effect of 9t,11 t-CLA. No difference in lipid peroxidation, as measured by the thiobarbituric acid assay for malondialdehyde, was observed on treatment of endothelial cells with either 9t,11 t- or 9c,11 t-CLA. However, a 43% increase in caspase-3 activity was observed after incubating BAEC with 9t,11 t-CLA, suggesting that the antiproliferative effect of this isomer is partially due to an apoptotic pathway. In contrast to the above results with normal endothelial cells, these five CLA isomers all inhibited proliferation of the human leukemic cell line THP-1, with the 9t,11 t isomer again being the most (I50 = 60 microM) effective. These results confirm that different CLA isomers have different inhibitory potencies on the proliferation of normal and leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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46
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Schønberg SA, Lundemo AG, Fladvad T, Holmgren K, Bremseth H, Nilsen A, Gederaas O, Tvedt KE, Egeberg KW, Krokan HE. Closely related colon cancer cell lines display different sensitivity to polyunsaturated fatty acids, accumulate different lipid classes and downregulate sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1. FEBS J 2006; 273:2749-65. [PMID: 16817902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be associated with increased risk of colon cancer, whereas n-3 PUFAs may have a protective effect. We examined the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid on the colon carcinoma cell lines SW480 derived from a primary tumour, and SW620 derived from a metastasis of the same tumour. DHA had the strongest growth-inhibitory effect on both cell lines. SW620 was relatively more growth-inhibited than SW480, but SW620 also had the highest growth rate in the absence of PUFAs. Flow cytometry revealed an increase in the fraction of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, particularly for SW620 cells. Growth inhibition was apparently not caused by increased lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione or low activity of glutathione peroxidase. Transmission electron microscopy revealed formation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets after DHA treatment. In SW620 cells an eightfold increase in total cholesteryl esters and a 190-fold increase in DHA-containing cholesteryl esters were observed after DHA treatment. In contrast, SW480 cells accumulated DHA-enriched triglycerides. Arachidonic acid accumulated in a similar manner, whereas the nontoxic oleic acid was mainly incorporated in triglycerides in both cell lines. Interestingly, nuclear sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (nSREBP1), recently associated with cell growth regulation, was downregulated after DHA treatment in both cell lines. Our results demonstrate cell-specific mechanisms for the processing and storage of cytotoxic PUFAs in closely related cell lines, and suggest downregulation of nSREBP1 as a possible contributor to the growth inhibitory effect of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svanhild A Schønberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Abergel A, Sapin V, Dif N, Chassard C, Darcha C, Marcand-Sauvant J, Gaillard-Martinie B, Rock E, Dechelotte P, Sauvant P. Growth arrest and decrease of alpha-SMA and type I collagen expression by palmitic acid in the rat hepatic stellate cell line PAV-1. Dig Dis Sci 2006; 51:986-95. [PMID: 16642426 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-9031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by an activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC). During primary culture HSC evolve from a quiescent into an activated phenotype which is characterized by alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) up-regulation, increase in cell growth, and extracellular matrix secretion. HSC culture with trans-resveratrol can lead to deactivation of myofibroblast-like HSC. We used an HSC line, PAV-1, to check the role of retinol and palmitic acid in the deactivation process of HSC. Using mass and metabolic-based methods, Western blot and immunocytochemistry assays, we demonstrated that treatment with palmitic acid (75 muM) alone or in combination with retinol (2 muM) significantly decreased cell proliferation and alpha-SMA expression. We also established that the association of both compounds strongly decreased collagen type I expression. Our results suggest the potential use of palmitic acid alone or in combination with retinol to induce HSC deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand Abergel
- Unité des Maladies Métaboliques et Micro-nutriments, Equipe Vitamines, INRA de Clermont-Fd-Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès, Champanelle, France.
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Stern MC, Siegmund KD, Corral R, Haile RW. XRCC1 and XRCC3 polymorphisms and their role as effect modifiers of unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant intake on colorectal adenomas risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:609-15. [PMID: 15767338 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas animal and in vitro studies support a role of unsaturated fatty acids in colon carcinogenesis, the epidemiologic evidence is inconclusive. Using a large sigmoidoscopy-based case-control study (753 cases and 799 controls) in Los Angeles County, we investigated possible associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the XRCC1 (codons 194 Arg/Trp and codon 399 Arg/Gln) and XRCC3 (codon 241 Thr/Met) genes and colorectal adenoma risk and their possible role as modifiers of the effect of monounsaturated fatty acid, the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidant intake. We found no evidence of associations between the XRCC1 codon 194 Arg/Trp or Trp/Trp genotypes and the XRCC3 codon 241 Thr/Met or Met/Met genotypes. Subjects with the XRCC1 Gln/Gln genotype were inversely associated with adenoma risk (odds ratio, 0.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.4-0.9; P = 0.01) when compared with subjects with Arg/Arg and Arg/Gln genotypes combined. We found no evidence of gene-dietary fat interactions for the XRCC3 codon 241 polymorphism. However, our data suggest an XRCC1-unsaturated fat interaction. High monounsaturated fatty acid intake was associated with adenoma risk only among subjects with the XRCC1 codon 194 Arg/Arg and codon 399 Gln/Gln combined genotypes (P for interaction = 0.018). High omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios were associated with adenoma risk among subjects with the XRCC1 codon 194 Arg/Arg and codon 399 Gln/Gln or the codon 194 Arg/Trp or Trp/Trp and codon 399 Arg/Arg or Arg/Gln combined genotypes (P for interaction = 0.026). These interactions were not modified by antioxidant intake. However, low antioxidant intake was associated with an inverse association only among subjects with the XRCC1 codon 194 Arg/Trp or Trp/Trp and codon 399 Arg/Arg or Arg/Gln combined genotypes (P for interaction = 0.022), which was independent of unsaturated fat intake. Our data suggest that the XRCC1 codon 194 and codon 399 single nucleotide polymorphisms may modify the effect of unsaturated fatty acid and antioxidant intake and that this XRCC1 effect modification may explain, in part, previously reported inconsistencies on the role of unsaturated fatty acids and adenoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Fleming ME, Sales KM, Winslet MC. Diet and colorectal cancer: implications for the obese and devotees of the Atkins diet. Colorectal Dis 2005; 7:128-32. [PMID: 15720348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2004.00764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the Western world and its prevalence is increasing. Potential causes of this increase are changes in diet and the increases in obesity seen. This paper looks at the literature surrounding diet and obesity and the links to this increase in CRC. Heralded as a weight loss miracle we investigate whether the literature suggests the Atkins diet may actually do more harm than good by acting to increase an individual's risk of CRC. Obesity has been demonstrated to be a major factor in the increase in CRC although links to changes in diet are more tenuous. Published studies on diet suggest the Atkins diet may help reduce rather than increase the risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Fleming
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Bergamo P, Luongo D, Maurano F, Rossi M. Butterfat fatty acids differentially regulate growth and differentiation in Jurkat T-cells. J Cell Biochem 2005; 96:349-60. [PMID: 16052483 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic Conjugated Linoleic Acid mixture (CLA; c9,t11; t10,c12-18:2) has been previously shown to inhibit growth, and enhance apoptosis and IL-2 mRNA synthesis in human lymphoblastic Jurkat T-cells. In this study, two different butterfat types were evaluated and compared for their effects on Jurkat cell viability, oxidative stress, pro-apoptotic activity, and cytokine synthesis: the conventionally produced butterfat (CBF), and organic butterfat (OBF) containing significantly higher amounts of c9,t11 (Rumenic Acid, RA), trans-vaccenic acid (VA; t11-18:1), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and lower levels of linoleic acid (LA). Results from cell treatment with both butterfat mixtures showed comparable oxidative stress (superoxide production, intracellular GSH depletion,and lipid peroxides yield), NADPH oxidase activation, cytotoxicity (LDH release), and IL-2 transcript level, whereas the effects of enhanced growth-inhibitory and pro-apoptotic activities were associated with OBF treatment. To then investigate each butterfat-induced effect caused by RA, VA, LA, and ALA, cells were exposed to synthetic FA concentrations similar to those from the different butterfats. Higher oxidative stress (superoxide production, intracellular GSH depletion) was induced by alpha-linolenic (ALA) and linoleic (LA) incubation (P<0.01) and superoxide production was suppressed by specific PKCalpha inhibitor (Gö 6976) and linked to increased toxicity and IL-2 synthesis inhibition. By contrast, cell treatment with RA increased apoptosis and IL-2 synthesis. These results suggest that a supply of ALA and LA is responsible for BF-induced oxidative stress via PKCalpha-NADPH oxidase pathway, and that enhanced antiproliferative effects in OBF treated cells is essentially determined by RA-induced pro-apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bergamo
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Avellino, Italy.
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