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Araujo P, Belghit I, Aarsæther N, Espe M, Lucena E, Holen E. The Effect of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Production of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Metabolites by Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:E966. [PMID: 31035600 PMCID: PMC6567278 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the correlation between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory metabolites is well documented, little is known about the simultaneous effect of different PUFA on the production of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites. The present research examines the association between different omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) PUFA and the release of four cyclooxygenase and six lipoxygenase metabolites in cell medium by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The different combinations of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA were prepared according to a full 24 factorial design that enables studying not only the main effects but also the different interactions between fatty acids. In addition, interactions diagrams and principal component analysis were useful tools for interpreting higher order interactions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report addressing the combined effect of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA on the signaling of prostaglandins, prostacyclins, leukotrienes and resolvins by HUVEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Araujo
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ikram Belghit
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Niels Aarsæther
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Marit Espe
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Eva Lucena
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Analysis and Catalysis Laboratory, Simon Bolivar University, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela.
| | - Elisabeth Holen
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
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Richter CK, Bisselou KS, Nordgren T, Smith L, Appiah AK, Hein N, Anderson-Berry A, Kris-Etherton P, Hanson C, Skulas-Ray AC. n-3 Docosapentaenoic Acid Intake and Relationship with Plasma Long-Chain n-3 Fatty Acid Concentrations in the United States: NHANES 2003-2014. Lipids 2019; 54:221-230. [PMID: 31025717 PMCID: PMC6681819 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The long-chain n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), play a crucial role in health, but previous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) analyses have shown that EPA and DHA intake in the United States is far below recommendations (~250-500 mg/day EPA + DHA). Less is known about docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), the metabolic intermediate of EPA and DHA; however, evidence suggests DPA may be an important contributor to long-chain n-3 fatty acid intake and impart unique benefits. We used NHANES 2003-2014 data (n = 45,347) to assess DPA intake and plasma concentrations, as well as the relationship between intake and plasma concentrations of EPA, DPA, and DHA. Mean DPA intake was 22.3 ± 0.8 mg/day from 2013 to 2014, and increased significantly over time (p < 0.001), with the lowest values from 2003 to 2004 (16.2 ± 1.2 mg/day). DPA intake was higher in adults (20-55 years) and seniors (55+ years) compared to younger individuals. In regression analyses, DPA intake was a significant predictor of plasma EPA (β = 138.5; p < 0.001) and DHA (β = 318.9; p < 0.001). Plasma DPA was predicted by EPA and DHA intake (β = 13.15; p = 0.001 and β = 7.4; p = 0.002), but not dietary DPA (p = 0.3). This indicates that DPA intake is not a good marker of plasma DPA status (or vice versa), and further research is needed to understand the factors that affect the interconversion of EPA and DPA. These findings have implications for future long-chain n-3 fatty acids dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl Stessy Bisselou
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Tara Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Lynette Smith
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Adams Kusi Appiah
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Nicholas Hein
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Penny Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Corrine Hanson
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ann C. Skulas-Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Murzina SA, Nefedova ZA, Pekkoeva SN, Lajus DL, Nemova NN. Fatty Acids of the Three-Spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) from the White Sea. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hansen TV, Dalli J, Serhan CN. The novel lipid mediator PD1 n-3 DPA: An overview of the structural elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and bioactions. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 133:103-110. [PMID: 28602942 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resolvins, protectins and maresins are individual families of specialized pro-resolving mediators biosynthesized from the dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. These enzymatically oxygenated polyunsaturated lipid mediators were first elucidated during the resolution phase of acute inflammation in animal models of self-limited inflammation. Specialized pro-resolving mediators display potent bioactions when administrated in vivo. Biosynthetic pathway studies have revealed that individual lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenase-2 converts eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid into distinct families of the resolvins, protectins and maresins. Recently n-3 docosapentaenoic acid was found to be a substrate for the biosynthesis of several novel families of specialized pro-resolving mediators. One example is PD1n-3 DPA. During the 6th European Workshop on Lipid Mediators, Frankfurt, Germany, the structural elucidation, total organic synthesis, studies on the biosynthetic pathway, as well as the potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties of PD1n-3 DPA were presented. Herein, we provide an overview of these topics for the new member PD1n-3 DPA of the super-family of pro-resolving mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Vidar Hansen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, Center for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1 M6BQ, UK
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
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Trevisi E, Grossi P, Cappelli FP, Cogrossi S, Bertoni G. Attenuation of inflammatory response phenomena in periparturient dairy cows by the administration of an ω3 rumen protected supplement containing vitamin E. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2011.e61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erminio Trevisi
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Grossi
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Simone Cogrossi
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bertoni
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Red Blood Cell Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA n-3) is Inversely Associated with Triglycerides and C-reactive Protein (CRP) in Healthy Adults and Dose-Dependently Increases Following n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation. Nutrients 2015; 7:6390-404. [PMID: 26247967 PMCID: PMC4555130 DOI: 10.3390/nu7085291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the long-chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in lipid metabolism and inflammation has been extensively studied; however, little is known about the relationship between docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3) and inflammation and triglycerides (TG). We evaluated whether n-3 DPA content of red blood cells (RBC) was associated with markers of inflammation (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) and fasting TG prior to n-3 supplementation in two studies (Study 1: n = 115, aged 20-44 years, body mass index (BMI) 20-30 kg/m2, TG = 34-176 mg/dL; Study 2: n = 28, aged 22-65 years, BMI 24-37 kg/m2, TG = 141-339 mg/dL). We also characterized the dose-response effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on RBC n-3 DPA after five months of supplementation with fish oil (Study 1: 0, 300, 600, 900, and 1800 mg/day EPA + DHA) and eight weeks of prescription n-3 ethyl esters (Study 2: 0, 850, and 3400 mg/day EPA + DHA). In Study 1, RBC n-3 DPA was inversely correlated with CRP (R2 = 36%, p < 0.001) and with fasting TG (r = -0.30, p = 0.001). The latter finding was replicated in Study 2 (r = -0.33, p = 0.04). In both studies, n-3 supplementation significantly increased RBC n-3 DPA dose-dependently. Relative increases were greater for Study 1, with increases of 29%-61% vs. 14%-26% for Study 2. The associations between RBC n-3 DPA, CRP, and fasting TG may have important implications for the prevention of atherosclerosis and chronic inflammatory diseases and warrant further study.
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Fu YQ, Zheng JS, Yang B, Li D. Effect of individual omega-3 fatty acids on the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Epidemiol 2015; 25:261-74. [PMID: 25787237 PMCID: PMC4375280 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20140120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested inconsistent associations between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. We performed a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies investigating both dietary intake and circulating n-3 PUFAs and PCa risk. PubMed and EMBASE prior to February 2014 were searched, and 16 publications were eligible. Blood concentration of docosahexaenoic acid, but not alpha-linolenic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid, showed marginal positive association with PCa risk (relative risk for 1% increase in blood docosahexaenoic acid concentration: 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.05; I(2) = 26%; P = 0.05 for linear trend), while dietary docosahexaenoic acid intake showed a non-linear positive association with PCa risk (P < 0.01). Dietary alpha-linolenic acid was inversely associated with PCa risk (relative risk for 0.5 g/day increase in alpha-linolenic acid intake: 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.00; I(2) = 0%; P = 0.04 for linear trend), which was dominated by a single study. Subgroup analyses indicated that blood eicosapentaenoic acid concentration and blood docosahexaenoic acid concentration were positively associated with aggressive PCa risk and nonaggressive PCa risk, respectively. Among studies with nested case-control study designs, a 0.2% increase in blood docosapentaenoic acid concentration was associated with a 3% reduced risk of PCa (relative risk 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.00; I(2) = 44%; P = 0.05 for linear trend). In conclusion, different individual n-3 PUFA exposures may exhibit different or even opposite associations with PCa risk, and more prospective studies, especially those examining dietary n-3 PUFAs and PCa risk stratified by severity of cancer, are needed to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Qing Fu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University
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8
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Guichardant M, Calzada C, Bernoud-Hubac N, Lagarde M, Véricel E. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxygenated metabolism in atherothrombosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:485-95. [PMID: 25263947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies and clinical trials have reported the health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including a lower risk of coronary heart diseases. This review mainly focuses on the effects of alpha-linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids on some risk factors associated with atherothrombosis, including platelet activation, plasma lipid concentrations and oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Special focus is given to the effects of marine PUFA on the formation of eicosanoids and docosanoids, and to the bioactive properties of some oxygenated metabolites of omega-3 PUFA produced by cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases. The antioxidant effects of marine omega-3 PUFA at low concentrations and the pro-oxidant effects of DHA at high concentrations on the redox status of platelets and LDL are highlighted. Non enzymatic peroxidation end-products deriving from omega-3 PUFA such as hydroxy-hexenals, neuroketals and EPA-derived isoprostanes are also considered in relation to atherosclerosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Guichardant
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Catherine Calzada
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Lagarde
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Evelyne Véricel
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France
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9
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Norris JM, Kroehl M, Fingerlin TE, Frederiksen BN, Seifert J, Wong R, Clare-Salzler M, Rewers M. Erythrocyte membrane docosapentaenoic acid levels are associated with islet autoimmunity: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young. Diabetologia 2014; 57:295-304. [PMID: 24240437 PMCID: PMC3947295 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESES We previously reported that lower n-3 fatty acid intake and levels in erythrocyte membranes were associated with increased risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) but not progression to type 1 diabetes in children at increased risk for diabetes. We hypothesise that specific n-3 fatty acids and genetic markers contribute synergistically to this increased risk of IA in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). METHODS DAISY is following 2,547 children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes for the development of IA, defined as being positive for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)65, IA-2 or insulin autoantibodies on two consecutive visits. Using a case-cohort design, erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and dietary intake were measured prospectively in 58 IA-positive children and 299 IA-negative children. RESULTS Lower membrane levels of the n-3 fatty acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), were predictive of IA (HR 0.23; 95% CI 0.09, 0.55), while α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were not, adjusting for HLA and diabetes family history. We examined whether the effect of dietary intake of the n-3 fatty acid ALA on IA risk was modified by fatty acid elongation and desaturation genes. Adjusting for HLA, diabetes family history, ethnicity, energy intake and questionnaire type, ALA intake was significantly more protective for IA in the presence of an increasing number of minor alleles at FADS1 rs174556 (pinteraction = 0.017), at FADS2 rs174570 (pinteraction = 0.016) and at FADS2 rs174583 (pinteraction = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The putative protective effect of n-3 fatty acids on IA may result from a complex interaction between intake and genetically controlled fatty acid desaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Campus Box B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA,
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10
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Morin C, Rousseau É, Fortin S. Anti-proliferative effects of a new docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride in colorectal carcinoma cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:203-13. [PMID: 23932824 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been shown to inhibit the induction and progression of many tumor types. However, the anticancer effect of n-3 PUFA monoglyceride on colorectal cancer has yet to be assessed. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-tumorigenic effects of docosahexaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) monoglyceride (MAG-DPA) in colorectal carcinoma cells. Our results demonstrate that MAG-DHA, MAG-EPA and MAG-DPA all decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells, with MAG-DPA having the higher anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in vitro. In a HCT116 xenograft mouse model, oral administration of MAG-DPA significantly inhibited tumor growth. Furthermore, MAG-DPA treatments decreased NFκB activation leading to a reduction in Bcl-2, CyclinD1, c-myc, COX-2, MMP9 and VEGF expression levels in tumor tissue sections. Altogether, these data provide new evidence regarding the mode of action of MAG-DPA in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Morin
- SCF Pharma, Ste-Luce, QC, Canada G0K 1P0; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4.
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11
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Chua ME, Sio MCD, Sorongon MC, Morales ML. The relevance of serum levels of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Can Urol Assoc J 2013; 7:E333-43. [PMID: 23766835 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to systematically analyze the evidence for an association between serum level long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) and prostate cancer risk from human epidemiological studies. STUDY PROCEDURES: We searched biomedical literature databases up to November 2011 and included epidemiological studies with description of long chain n-3 PUFA and incidence of prostate cancer in humans. Critical appraisal was done by two independent reviewers. Data were pooled using the general variance-based method with random-effects model; effect estimates were expressed as risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed by Chi(2) and quantified by I(2), publication bias was also determined. RESULTS In total, 12 studies were included. Significant negative association was noted between high serum level of n-3 PUFA doc-osapentaenoic acid (DPA) and total prostate cancer risk (RR:0.756; 95% CI 0.599, 0.955; p = 0.019). Likewise, a positive association between high blood level of fish oil contents, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and high-grade prostate tumour incidence (RR:1.381; 95% CI 1.050, 1.817; p = 0.021) was noted; however, this finding was evident only after adjustment was done on interstudy variability through the removal of a lower quality study from the pool. CONCLUSIONS High serum levels of long chain n-3 PUFA DPA is associated with reduced total prostate cancer risk. While high blood level of EPA and DHA is possibly associated with increased high-grade prostate tumour risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Chua
- Institute of Urology and Research and Biotechnology Division, St. Luke's Medical Center, Philippines
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12
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Blood level omega-3 Fatty acids as risk determinant molecular biomarker for prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer 2013; 2013:875615. [PMID: 23589776 PMCID: PMC3621295 DOI: 10.1155/2013/875615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous researches involving dietary methods have shown
conflicting findings. Authors sought to assess the association of
prostate cancer risk with blood levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) through a meta-analysis of human
epidemiological studies in available online databases (July,
2012). After critical appraisal by two independent reviewers,
Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOQAS) was used to
grade the studies. Six case control and six nested case control
studies were included. Results showed nonsignificant association
of overall effect estimates with total or advanced prostate cancer
or high-grade tumor. High blood level of alpha-linolenic acid
(ALA) had nonsignificant positive association with total prostate
cancer risk. High blood level of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) had
significant negative association with total prostate cancer risk.
Specific n-3 PUFA in fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had positive association with
high-grade prostate tumor risk only after adjustment of interstudy
variability. There is evidence that high blood level of DPA that
is linked with reduced total prostate cancer risk and elevated
blood levels of fish oils, EPA, and DHA is associated with
high-grade prostate tumor, but careful interpretation is needed
due to intricate details involved in prostate carcinogenesis and
N-3 PUFA metabolism.
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Kaur G, Sinclair AJ, Cameron-Smith D, Barr DP, Molero-Navajas JC, Konstantopoulos N. Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) down-regulates the expression of genes involved in fat synthesis in liver cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2011; 85:155-61. [PMID: 21807486 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) exhibit triacylglycerol (TAG) lowering effect in vitro and in vivo by down-regulating the Sterol Regulating Element Binding Protein (SREBP-1c) and reducing the expression levels of lipogenic genes. However, there is no evidence on the effect of Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA) on SREBP-1c expression levels. DPA is a long chain n-3 fatty acid present in our diet through fish, red meat and milk of ruminant animals. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the effect of DPA on liver fatty acid synthesis in an in vitro model using rat liver cells. Our results suggested that DPA incubation (50μM) for 48h (like EPA and DHA) caused a significant decrease in the mRNA expression levels of SREBP-1c, 3-Hydroxy-3-Methyl-Glutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase (ACC-1) and Fatty Acid Synthase (FASn) compared with Oleic Acid (OA) and also a decrease in the protein levels of SREBP-1 and ACC-1. A time-course fatty acid analysis showed that DPA and EPA are interconvertable in the cells; however, after 8h of incubation with DPA, the cell phospholipids contained mainly DPA. The gene expression profiling of the lipogenic genes repeated at 8h confirmed that the inhibitory effect of DPA on mRNA expression levels of the lipogenic genes was most likely due to DPA itself and not due to its conversion into EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunveen Kaur
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 3217 Victoria, Australia.
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14
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Kaur G, Cameron-Smith D, Garg M, Sinclair AJ. Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3): A review of its biological effects. Prog Lipid Res 2011; 50:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dijkstra SC, Lampe JW, Ray RM, Brown R, Wu C, Li W, Chen C, King IB, Gao D, Hu Y, Shannon J, Wähälä K, Thomas DB. Biomarkers of dietary exposure are associated with lower risk of breast fibroadenomas in Chinese women. J Nutr 2010; 140:1302-10. [PMID: 20484550 PMCID: PMC2884331 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.119727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast condition among women and account for up to 50% of all breast biopsies being performed. Although considered a benign condition, fibroadenomas utilize substantial resources for management and treatment to rule out potential malignancies. Dietary factors may influence benign fibrocystic breast conditions, but little is known of their association with fibroadenomas. We examined possible associations between a broad spectrum of circulating biomarkers of dietary intake and risk of fibroadenomas. Participants were women in a breast self-examination trial in Shanghai, China who were diagnosed with fibroadenomas (n = 258) and 1035 controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI. Isoflavone concentrations were inversely associated with risk of fibroadenomas. Adjusted OR (95% CI) for the highest versus the lowest quartile of plasma concentration were 0.36 (0.16-0.79; P-trend < 0.001) for daidzein and 0.39 (0.19-0.84; P-trend = 0.010) for genistein. We also observed inverse associations between higher percentages of the RBC (n-3) fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ([0.38 (0.19-0.77); P-trend = 0.007] and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) [0.32 (0.15-0.70); P-trend = 0.024], and fibroadenoma risk. Circulating concentrations of carotenoids, vitamin C, retinol, and ferritin were not associated with fibroadenoma risk. The inverse associations between plasma isoflavone concentrations and RBC EPA and DPA and fibroadenoma risk suggest that higher intakes of soy foods and fatty fish may lower the risk of fibroadenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Coosje Dijkstra
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands; Zhong Shan Hospital Cancer Center, Shanghai 200052, China; Shi Dong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands; Zhong Shan Hospital Cancer Center, Shanghai 200052, China; Shi Dong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Roberta M. Ray
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands; Zhong Shan Hospital Cancer Center, Shanghai 200052, China; Shi Dong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Rose Brown
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands; Zhong Shan Hospital Cancer Center, Shanghai 200052, China; Shi Dong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Chunyuan Wu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands; Zhong Shan Hospital Cancer Center, Shanghai 200052, China; Shi Dong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Wenjin Li
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands; Zhong Shan Hospital Cancer Center, Shanghai 200052, China; Shi Dong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands; Zhong Shan Hospital Cancer Center, Shanghai 200052, China; Shi Dong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Irena B. King
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands; Zhong Shan Hospital Cancer Center, Shanghai 200052, China; Shi Dong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Daoli Gao
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands; Zhong Shan Hospital Cancer Center, Shanghai 200052, China; Shi Dong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Yongwei Hu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands; Zhong Shan Hospital Cancer Center, Shanghai 200052, China; Shi Dong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jackilen Shannon
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands; Zhong Shan Hospital Cancer Center, Shanghai 200052, China; Shi Dong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kristiina Wähälä
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands; Zhong Shan Hospital Cancer Center, Shanghai 200052, China; Shi Dong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - David B. Thomas
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 EV, The Netherlands; Zhong Shan Hospital Cancer Center, Shanghai 200052, China; Shi Dong Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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16
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Short-term docosapentaenoic acid (22 : 5n-3) supplementation increases tissue docosapentaenoic acid, DHA and EPA concentrations in rats. Br J Nutr 2009; 103:32-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509991334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic fate of dietary n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in mammals is currently unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the extent of conversion of dietary DPA to DHA and EPA in rats. Four groups of male weanling Sprague–Dawley rats (aged 5 weeks) were given 50 mg of DPA, EPA, DHA or oleic acid, daily for 7 d by gavage. At the end of the treatment period, the tissues were analysed for concentrations of long-chain PUFA. DPA supplementation led to significant increases in DPA concentration in all tissues, with largest increase being in adipose (5-fold) and smallest increase being in brain (1·1-fold). DPA supplementation significantly increased the concentration of DHA in liver and the concentration of EPA in liver, heart and skeletal muscle, presumably by the process of retroconversion. EPA supplementation significantly increased the concentration of EPA and DPA in liver, heart and skeletal muscle and the DHA concentration in liver. DHA supplementation elevated the DHA levels in all tissues and EPA levels in the liver. Adipose was the main tissue site for accumulation of DPA, EPA and DHA. These data suggest that dietary DPA can be converted to DHA in the liver, in a short-term study, and that in addition it is partly retroconverted to EPA in liver, adipose, heart and skeletal muscle. Future studies should examine the physiological effect of DPA in tissues such as liver and heart.
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17
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Sun Q, Ma J, Campos H, Rexrode KM, Albert CM, Mozaffarian D, Hu FB. Blood concentrations of individual long-chain n-3 fatty acids and risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88:216-23. [PMID: 18614744 PMCID: PMC6598701 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/88.1.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas dietary intake of long-chain n-3 fatty acids has been associated with risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), few studies have examined the relation for blood concentrations. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effect of long-chain n-3 fatty acids in blood on the risk of nonfatal MI. DESIGN Baseline blood samples were collected from 32 826 participants of the Nurses' Health Study in 1989-1990, among whom 146 incident cases of nonfatal MI were ascertained during 6 y of follow-up and matched with 288 controls. RESULTS After multivariate adjustment, the relative risks (95% CI) comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles in plasma were 0.23 (0.09, 0.55; P for trend = 0.001) for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 0.40 (0.20, 0.82; P for trend = 0.004) for docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and 0.46 (0.18, 1.16; P for trend = 0.07) for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The associations for these fatty acids in erythrocytes were generally weaker and nonsignificant. In contrast to EPA and DHA, blood concentrations of DPA were not correlated with dietary consumption of n-3 fatty acids. Higher plasma concentrations of EPA, DPA, and DHA were associated with higher plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol and lower concentrations of triacylglycerol and inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS Higher plasma concentrations of EPA and DPA are associated with a lower risk of nonfatal MI among women. These findings may partly reflect dietary consumption but, particularly for DPA, may indicate important risk differences based on metabolism of long-chain n-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Chen R, Guo Q, Zhu WJ, Xie Q, Wang H, Cai W. Therapeutic efficacy of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid capsule in treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:2002-2006. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i18.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects and effective dose of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid capsule on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involved 46 NAFLD (fatty liver and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) patients. They were randomized to receive either ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid capsule (low dose, n = 15; high dose, n = 15) or placebo (n = 16) for 24 weeks. Serum biochemical examination and ultrasound assessment (by scores) were performed at 12 and 24 week.
RESULTS: Ultrasound scores were significantly improved 12 or 24 weeks after treatment both in the low-dose and high-dose groups as compared with the baseline level before treatment (9.07 ± 3.20, 8.00 ± 2.42 vs 11.20 ± 3.00; 8.33 ± 2.44, 7.07 ± 2.52 vs 10.40 ± 2.06; all P < 0.01), but there was no marked difference in the placebo group before and after treatment. The level of serum triglyceride decreased after 24-week treatment in the high-dose group in comparison with the baseline level before treatment (1.68 ± 0.77 mmol/L vs 2.66 ± 0.82 mmol/L, P < 0.01). The levels of ALT and GGT had no marked changes 24 weeks after treatment.
CONCLUSION: ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid capsule, especially at a higher dose, has a positive role in improving the ultrasound scores for NAFLD. Moreover, a high dosage has some effect on decreasing serum triglyceride level.
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Le PM, Fraser C, Gardner G, Liang WW, Kralovec JA, Cunnane SC, Windust AJ. Biosynthetic production of universally (13)C-labelled polyunsaturated fatty acids as reference materials for natural health product research. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:241-9. [PMID: 17486321 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 04/09/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) have become important natural health products with numerous proven benefits related to brain function and cardiovascular health. Not only are omega-3 fatty acids available in a plethora of dietary supplements, but they are also increasingly being incorporated as triglycerides into conventional foods, including bread, milk, yoghurt and confectionaries. Recently, transgenic oil seed crops and livestock have been developed that enhance omega-3 fatty acid content. This diverse array of matrices presents a difficult analytical challenge and is compounded further by samples generated through clinical research. Stable isotope (13)C-labelled LCPUFA standards offer many advantages as research tools because they may be distinguished from their naturally abundant counterparts by mass spectrometry and directly incorporated as internal standards into analytical procedures. Further, (13)C-labelled LCPUFAs are safe to use as metabolic tracers to study uptake and metabolism in humans. Currently, (13)C-labelled LCPUFAs are expensive, available in limited supply and not in triglyceride form. To resolve these issues, marine heterotrophic microorganisms are being isolated and screened for LCPUFA production with a view to the efficient biosynthetic production of U-(13)C-labelled fatty acids using U-(13)C glucose as a carbon source. Of 37 isolates obtained, most were thraustochytrids, and either DHA or omega-6 docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6) were produced as the major LCPUFA. The marine protist Hyalochlorella marina was identified as a novel source of EPA and omega-3 docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3). As proof of principle, gram-level production of (13)C-labelled DHA has been achieved with high chemical purity ( >99%) and high (13)C incorporation levels (>90%), as confirmed by NMR and MS analyses. Finally, U-(13)C-DHA was enzymatically re-esterified to glycerol to yield a (13)C-labelled tridocosahexaenoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Mai Le
- Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Building M-12, 1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
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20
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Kebir MVOE, Barnathan G, Gaydou EM, Siau Y, Miralles J. Fatty Acids in Liver, Muscle and Gonad of three Tropical Rays including Non-Methylene-Interrupted Dienoic Fatty Acids. Lipids 2007; 42:525-35. [PMID: 17404769 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-007-3040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Scientific investigation of lipids in Elasmobranchs has been conducted mainly on shark species. Because rays seem to be neglected, this study was performed to examine the complete fatty acid (FA) composition with a particular interest for long-chain polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) content in different tissues of three ray species including parts usually discarded. The total FA and PUFA profiles of total lipids were determined in muscle, liver, and gonad of Rhinobatos cemiculus, Rhinoptera marginata, and Dasyatis marmorata, the most often caught ray species from the East Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Fifty FA were characterized as methyl esters and N-acyl pyrrolidides by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, showing significant levels of 20:5n-3 (EPA) (up to 5.3%) and 22:5n-3 (DPA) (up to 7.3%), high levels of 20:4n-6 arachidonic (ARA) (4.8-8.6% of total FA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) (up to 20.0%). The results show that muscle, liver and gonad of rays can provide high amounts of essential PUFA, specially DHA, for direct human nutrition or the food processing industry. High proportions of DHA were particularly found in all samples of R. cemiculus (11.6-20.0%), and in muscle and liver of D. marmorata (11.1-16.1%). Regarding the high amounts of (n-3) PUFA, this study shows that these rays deserve a better up-grading, including the normally discarded parts, and describes the occurrence of unusual NMID FA in all tissues studied. Five non-methylene-interrupted dienoic fatty acids (NMID FA) (0-3.4%) were reported, including previously known isomers, namely 20:2 Delta7,13, 20:2 Delta7,15, 22:2 Delta7,13, 22:2 Delta7,15, and new 22:2 Delta6,14. These acids are quite unusual in fish and unprecedented in rays. The 22:2 Delta6,14 acid occurred in gonads of male specimens of R. cemiculus at 2.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Vall Ould El Kebir
- Laboratoire de Phytochimie de Marseille, UMR CNRS 6171, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Saint-Jérôme, Université Paul Cézanne, Case 531, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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21
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Tsipas G, Morphake P. Beneficial effects of a diet rich in a mixture of n - 6/n - 3 essential fatty acids and of their metabolites on cyclosporine - nephrotoxicity. J Nutr Biochem 2003; 14:626-32. [PMID: 14629893 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(03)00190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the role of a mixture of n-6/n-3 essential fatty acids, in the cyclosporine model nephrotoxicity. Administration of cyclosporine in rats decreased creatinine clearance and provoked body weight loss, but it did not induce proteinuria and did not alter the urine volume. These changes were associated with decreased urinary ratios of prostaglandin E/thromboxane B and prostaglandin I/thromboxane B excretions. Light microscopic sections showed that 100% of the animals were affected by histological tubular lesions on their kidneys. Administration of cyclosporine to animals fed for 3 months on standard chow containing a mixture of n - 6/n - 3 essential fatty acids, restored creatinine clearance, augmented urine volume and prevented body weight loss. The improvement of renal function was accompanied by increased urinary ratios of prostaglandin E/thromboxane B and prostaglandin I/thromboxane B excretions. Light microscopic sections showed that only 40% of the animals demonstrated histological tubular lesions, of minor importance, to their kidneys. Our results suggest that the metabolites of arachidonic acid can play important role in the development of cyclosporine-nephrotoxicity because they increase the levels of thromboxane A and that the enhanced synthesis of prostaglandins (E) and (I) induced by a mixture of n - 6/n - 3 essential fatty acids, could play a beneficial role in the prevention of this renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tsipas
- Laboratory of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Department of Environmental and Natural Resources. Management School of Natural Resources and Enterprises Management. University of Ioannina, 301.00, Agrinio, Greece.
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22
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Tsipas G, Morphake P. Beneficial effects of a diet rich in a mixture of n - 6/n - 3 essential fatty acids and of their metabolites on cyclosporine - nephrotoxicity. J Nutr Biochem 2003; 14:480-6. [PMID: 12948879 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(03)00102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the role of a mixture of n-6/n-3 essential fatty acids, in the cyclosporine model nephrotoxicity. Administration of cyclosporine in rats decreased creatinine clearance and provoked body weight loss, but it did not induce proteinuria and did not alter the urine volume. These changes were associated with decreased urinary ratios of prostaglandin E/thromboxane B and prostaglandin I/thromboxane B excretions. Light microscopic sections showed that 100% of the animals were affected by histological tubular lesions on their kidneys. Administration of cyclosporine to animals fed for 3 months on standard chow containing a mixture of n - 6/n - 3 essential fatty acids, restored creatinine clearance, augmented urine volume and prevented body weight loss. The improvement of renal function was accompanied by increased urinary ratios of prostaglandin E/thromboxane B and prostaglandin I/thromboxane B excretions. Light microscopic sections showed that only 40% of the animals demonstrated histological tubular lesions, of minor importance, to their kidneys. Our results suggest that the metabolites of arachidonic acid can play important role in the development of cyclosporine-nephrotoxicity because they increase the levels of thromboxane A and that the enchanced synthesis of prostaglandins (E) and (I) induced by a mixture of n - 6/n - 3 essential fatty acids, could play a beneficial role in the prevention of this renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tsipas
- Laboratory of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Department of Environmental and Natural Resources. Management School of Natural Resources and Enterprises Management. University of Ioannina, 301.00, Agrinio, Greece.
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23
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Loï C, Chardigny JM, Cordelet C, Leclere L, Genty M, Ginies C, Noël JP, Sébédio JL. Incorporation and metabolism of trans 20:5 in endothelial cells. Effect on prostacyclin synthesis. Lipids 2000; 35:911-8. [PMID: 10984114 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-000-0600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To study the ability of long-chain trans fatty acids (FA) to be incorporated and metabolized into endothelial cells, bovine aortic endothelial cells were incubated with medium enriched eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) bound to albumin (M2) or one of its geometrical isomers: 20:5 5c,8c,11t,14c,17c (M3), 20:5 5c,8c,11c,14c,17t (M4), or 20:5 5c,8c,11t,14c,17t (M5). After 48 h of incubation, supernatant and cells were harvested and their lipids were analyzed, including prostacyclin synthesis. EPA and 22:5n-3 of endothelial cells incubated with M2 were, respectively, three and two times higher than in control cells (incubated in M1, without any fatty acid added), whereas 22:6n-3 increased only in the supernatant, suggesting its release after biosynthesis. However, 18:2n-6 and 22:4n-6 decreased (about 30%). Trans 20:5 isomers represented 4.7, 3.9, and 5.2% of total phospholipid FA in endothelial cells incubated with M3, M4, and M5, respectively. They were elongated into trans 22:5 and trans 24:5, as revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared analysis. In cells incubated with M2, M3, M4, and M5, prostacyclin synthesis was inhibited by 49.0, 62.5, 60.5, and 72.0%, respectively. This effect may be due to less available arachidonic acid in the cells and to a competition between EPA isomers and AA at the level of cyclooxygenase pathway, as it was demonstrated that 20:5 delta17t was metabolized by this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Loï
- INRA, Unité de Nutrition Lipidique, Dijon, France
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24
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Hishinuma T, Yamazaki T, Mizugaki M. Effects of long-term supplementation of eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acid on the 2-, 3-series prostacyclin production by endothelial cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 1999; 57:333-40. [PMID: 10480487 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(98)00083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of polyunsaturated fatty, acids such as arachidonic acid [20:4 (n-6)], eicosapentanoic acid [EPA, 20:5 (n-3)], and docosahexanoic acid [DHA, 22:6 (n-3)] on the changes of lipid profiles and prostacyclin production by cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. The amounts of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha(6-keto-PGF1alpha) and delta17-6-keto-PGF1alpha, non-enzymatic metabolites of prostacyclin (PGI2 and PGI3) in culture medium were measured by gas chromatography/selected ion monitoring. Endothelial cells were supplemented for five passages with arachidonic acid, EPA, or DHA, and the fatty acids of cell lipids and prostacyclin production in cultured medium were quantified. From the fatty acid analysis, the amounts of docosapentaenoic acid [22:5 (n-3)] were significantly increased in EPA-grown cells. In DHA-grown cells, the amounts of EPA were slightly increased compared to control cells. These cells produced similar amounts of PGI2 as the controls, but larger amounts of PGI3 under basal conditions. These findings suggest that EPA, docosapentaenoic acid, and DHA are interconverted to each other, and anti-aggregatory effects of EPA or DHA may be partially due to the stimulation of prostacyclin formation in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hishinuma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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