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Raichur A, Sinha N. Narrow spectrum nano-antibiotic for selective removal of ARB from contaminated water: New insights into stimuli response based on cellular attachment, lysis, and excretion. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134475. [PMID: 38733781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Narrow spectrum nano-antibiotics are supposedly the future trouble-shooters to improve the efficacy of conventional antimicrobials for treatment of severe bacterial infections, remove contamination from water and diminish the development of antibiotic resistance. In this study, antimicrobial peptide functionalized boron-carbon-nitride nanosheets ((Ant)pep@BCN NSs) are developed that are a promising wastewater disinfector and antibiotic resistant bactericide agent. These nanosheets are developed for selective removal and effective inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) from water in presence of two virulent bacteria. The (Ant)pep@BCN NSs provide reactive surface receptors specific to the ARB. They mimic muralytic enzymes to damage the cell membrane of ARB. These NSs demonstrate 3-fold higher antimicrobial efficiency against the targeted ARB compared to pristine BCN even at lower concentrations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that functionalized BCN has been developed to remove ARB selectively from wastewater. Furthermore, the (Ant)pep@BCN selectively reduced the microbiological load and led to morphological changes in Gram negative ARB in a mixed bacterial inoculum. These ARBs excreted outer-inner membrane vesicles (OIMVs) of triangular shape as a stimuli response to (Ant)pep@BCN NSs. These novel antimicrobial peptide-NSs have potential to improve treatment efficacy against ARB infections and water contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Raichur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Niraj Sinha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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Prakash A, Fenner F, Shit B, Salminen TS, Monteith KM, Khan I, Vale PF. IMD-mediated innate immune priming increases Drosophila survival and reduces pathogen transmission. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012308. [PMID: 38857285 PMCID: PMC11192365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Invertebrates lack the immune machinery underlying vertebrate-like acquired immunity. However, in many insects past infection by the same pathogen can 'prime' the immune response, resulting in improved survival upon reinfection. Here, we investigated the mechanistic basis and epidemiological consequences of innate immune priming in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster when infected with the gram-negative bacterial pathogen Providencia rettgeri. We find that priming in response to P. rettgeri infection is a long-lasting and sexually dimorphic response. We further explore the epidemiological consequences of immune priming and find it has the potential to curtail pathogen transmission by reducing pathogen shedding and spread. The enhanced survival of individuals previously exposed to a non-lethal bacterial inoculum coincided with a transient decrease in bacterial loads, and we provide strong evidence that the effect of priming requires the IMD-responsive antimicrobial-peptide Diptericin-B in the fat body. Further, we show that while Diptericin B is the main effector of bacterial clearance, it is not sufficient for immune priming, which requires regulation of IMD by peptidoglycan recognition proteins. This work underscores the plasticity and complexity of invertebrate responses to infection, providing novel experimental evidence for the effects of innate immune priming on population-level epidemiological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Prakash
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Fenner
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tiina S. Salminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katy M. Monteith
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pedro F. Vale
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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3
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Zhang J, Shan J, Shi W, Feng T, Sheng Y, Xu Z, Dong Z, Huang J, Chen J. Transcriptomic Insights into Host Metabolism and Immunity Changes after Parasitization by Leptopilina myrica. INSECTS 2024; 15:352. [PMID: 38786908 PMCID: PMC11122121 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Parasitoids commonly manipulate their host's metabolism and immunity to facilitate their offspring survival, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we deconstructed the manipulation strategy of a newly discovered parasitoid wasp, L. myrica, which parasitizes D. melanogaster. Using RNA-seq, we analyzed transcriptomes of L. myrica-parasitized and non-parasitized Drosophila host larvae. A total of 22.29 Gb and 23.85 Gb of clean reads were obtained from the two samples, respectively, and differential expression analysis identified 445 DEGs. Of them, 304 genes were upregulated and 141 genes were downregulated in parasitized hosts compared with non-parasitized larvae. Based on the functional annotations in the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, we found that the genes involved in host nutrition metabolism were significantly upregulated, particularly in carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. We also identified 30 other metabolism-related DEGs, including hexokinase, fatty acid synthase, and UDP-glycosyltransferase (Ugt) genes. We observed that five Bomanin genes (Boms) and six antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were upregulated. Moreover, a qRT-PCR analysis of 12 randomly selected DEGs confirmed the reproducibility and accuracy of the RNA-seq data. Our results provide a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of how L. myrica manipulates its host, laying a solid foundation for studies on the regulatory mechanisms employed by parasitoid wasps in their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Z.); (J.S.); (W.S.); (T.F.); (Y.S.); (Z.X.); (Z.D.); (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jieyu Shan
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Z.); (J.S.); (W.S.); (T.F.); (Y.S.); (Z.X.); (Z.D.); (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenqi Shi
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Z.); (J.S.); (W.S.); (T.F.); (Y.S.); (Z.X.); (Z.D.); (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Z.); (J.S.); (W.S.); (T.F.); (Y.S.); (Z.X.); (Z.D.); (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yifeng Sheng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Z.); (J.S.); (W.S.); (T.F.); (Y.S.); (Z.X.); (Z.D.); (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zixuan Xu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Z.); (J.S.); (W.S.); (T.F.); (Y.S.); (Z.X.); (Z.D.); (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Z.); (J.S.); (W.S.); (T.F.); (Y.S.); (Z.X.); (Z.D.); (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Z.); (J.S.); (W.S.); (T.F.); (Y.S.); (Z.X.); (Z.D.); (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Z.); (J.S.); (W.S.); (T.F.); (Y.S.); (Z.X.); (Z.D.); (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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He YJ, Lu G, Xu BJ, Mao QZ, Qi YH, Jiao GY, Weng HT, Tian YZ, Huang HJ, Zhang CX, Chen JP, Li JM. Maintenance of persistent transmission of a plant arbovirus in its insect vector mediated by the Toll-Dorsal immune pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315982121. [PMID: 38536757 PMCID: PMC10998634 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315982121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout evolution, arboviruses have developed various strategies to counteract the host's innate immune defenses to maintain persistent transmission. Recent studies have shown that, in addition to bacteria and fungi, the innate Toll-Dorsal immune system also plays an essential role in preventing viral infections in invertebrates. However, whether the classical Toll immune pathway is involved in maintaining the homeostatic process to ensure the persistent and propagative transmission of arboviruses in insect vectors remain unclear. In this study, we revealed that the transcription factor Dorsal is actively involved in the antiviral defense of an insect vector (Laodelphax striatellus) by regulating the target gene, zinc finger protein 708 (LsZN708), which mediates downstream immune-related effectors against infection with the plant virus (Rice stripe virus, RSV). In contrast, an antidefense strategy involving the use of the nonstructural-protein (NS4) to antagonize host antiviral defense through competitive binding to Dorsal from the MSK2 kinase was employed by RSV; this competitive binding inhibited Dorsal phosphorylation and reduced the antiviral response of the host insect. Our study revealed the molecular mechanism through which Toll-Dorsal-ZN708 mediates the maintenance of an arbovirus homeostasis in insect vectors. Specifically, ZN708 is a newly documented zinc finger protein targeted by Dorsal that mediates the downstream antiviral response. This study will contribute to our understanding of the successful transmission and spread of arboviruses in plant or invertebrate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juan He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Gang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Bo-Jie Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Qian-Zhuo Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Yu-Hua Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Gao-Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Hai-Tao Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Yan-Zhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Hai-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
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5
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Vesala L, Basikhina Y, Tuomela T, Nurminen A, Siukola E, Vale PF, Salminen TS. Mitochondrial perturbation in immune cells enhances cell-mediated innate immunity in Drosophila. BMC Biol 2024; 22:60. [PMID: 38475850 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria participate in various cellular processes including energy metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, production of reactive oxygen species, stress responses, inflammation and immunity. However, the role of mitochondrial metabolism in immune cells and tissues shaping the innate immune responses are not yet fully understood. We investigated the effects of tissue-specific mitochondrial perturbation on the immune responses at the organismal level. Genes for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes cI-cV were knocked down in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, targeting the two main immune tissues, the fat body and the immune cells (hemocytes). RESULTS While OXPHOS perturbation in the fat body was detrimental, hemocyte-specific perturbation led to an enhanced immunocompetence. This was accompanied by the formation of melanized hemocyte aggregates (melanotic nodules), a sign of activation of cell-mediated innate immunity. Furthermore, the hemocyte-specific OXPHOS perturbation induced immune activation of hemocytes, resulting in an infection-like hemocyte profile and an enhanced immune response against parasitoid wasp infection. In addition, OXPHOS perturbation in hemocytes resulted in mitochondrial membrane depolarization and upregulation of genes associated with the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we show that while the effects of mitochondrial perturbation on immune responses are highly tissue-specific, mild mitochondrial dysfunction can be beneficial in immune-challenged individuals and contributes to variation in infection outcomes among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vesala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yuliya Basikhina
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tea Tuomela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emilia Siukola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pedro F Vale
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tiina S Salminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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6
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Hu Y, Kong F, Guo H, Hua Y, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Qadeer A, Xiao Y, Cai Q, Ji S. Drosophila eIF3f1 mediates host immune defense by targeting dTak1. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1415-1435. [PMID: 38279019 PMCID: PMC10933477 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factors have long been recognized for their critical roles in governing the translation of coding RNAs into peptides/proteins. However, whether they harbor functional activities at the post-translational level remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that eIF3f1 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit f1), which encodes an archetypal deubiquitinase, is essential for the antimicrobial innate immune defense of Drosophila melanogaster. Our in vitro and in vivo evidence indicate that the immunological function of eIF3f1 is dependent on the N-terminal JAMM (JAB1/MPN/Mov34 metalloenzymes) domain. Mechanistically, eIF3f1 physically associates with dTak1 (Drosophila TGF-beta activating kinase 1), a key regulator of the IMD (immune deficiency) signaling pathway, and mediates the turnover of dTak1 by specifically restricting its K48-linked ubiquitination. Collectively, these results provide compelling insight into a noncanonical molecular function of a translation initiation factor that controls the post-translational modification of a target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Hu
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institutes of Brain Science, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Fanrui Kong
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Biological Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongzhi Hua
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yangyang Zhu
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yihua Xiao
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingshuang Cai
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, 67400, France.
| | - Shanming Ji
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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7
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Myles M, Barnawi H, Mahmoudpour M, Shlimon S, Chang A, Zimmermann D, Choi C, Zebian N, Creuzenet C. Effect of the polysaccharide capsule and its heptose on the resistance of Campylobacter jejuni to innate immune defenses. Microbiologyopen 2024; 13:e1400. [PMID: 38375546 PMCID: PMC10877309 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a commensal in many animals but causes diarrhea in humans. Its polysaccharide capsule contributes to host colonization and virulence in a strain- and model-specific manner. We investigated if the capsule and its heptose are important for interactions of strain NCTC 11168 with various hosts and their innate immune defenses. We determined that they support bacterial survival in Drosophila melanogaster and enhance virulence in Galleria mellonella. We showed that the capsule had limited antiphagocytic activity in human and chicken macrophages, decreased adherence to chicken macrophages, and decreased intracellular survival in both macrophages. In contrast, the heptose increased uptake by chicken macrophages and supported adherence to human macrophages and survival within them. While the capsule triggered nitric oxide production in chicken macrophages, the heptose mitigated this and protected against nitrosative assault. Finally, the C. jejuni strain NCTC 11168 elicited strong cytokine production in both macrophages but quenched ROS production independently from capsule and heptose, and while the capsule and heptose did not protect against oxidative assault, they favored growth in biofilms under oxidative stress. This study shows that the wild-type capsule with its heptose is optimized to resist innate defenses in strain NCTC 11168 often via antagonistic effects of the capsule and its heptose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Myles
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Heba Barnawi
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudpour
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Sargon Shlimon
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Adrienne Chang
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Daniel Zimmermann
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Chiwon Choi
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Najwa Zebian
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Carole Creuzenet
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
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8
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Yang Y, Zhou H, Huang X, Wu C, Zheng K, Deng J, Zheng Y, Wang J, Chi X, Ma X, Pan H, Shen R, Pan D, Liu B. Innate immune and proinflammatory signals activate the Hippo pathway via a Tak1-STRIPAK-Tao axis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:145. [PMID: 38168080 PMCID: PMC10761881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway controls developmental, homeostatic and regenerative tissue growth, and is frequently dysregulated in various diseases. Although this pathway can be activated by innate immune/inflammatory stimuli, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we identify a conserved signaling cascade that leads to Hippo pathway activation by innate immune/inflammatory signals. We show that Tak1, a key kinase in innate immune/inflammatory signaling, activates the Hippo pathway by inducing the lysosomal degradation of Cka, an essential subunit of the STRIPAK PP2A complex that suppresses Hippo signaling. Suppression of STRIPAK results in the activation of Hippo pathway through Tao-Hpo signaling. We further show that Tak1-mediated Hippo signaling is involved in processes ranging from cell death to phagocytosis and innate immune memory. Our findings thus reveal a molecular connection between innate immune/inflammatory signaling and the evolutionally conserved Hippo pathway, thus contributing to our understanding of infectious, inflammatory and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Huijing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xiawei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chengfang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Kewei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jingrong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yonggang Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jiahui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xianjue Ma
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Huimin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Rui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
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9
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Hossain MMM, Farjana N, Afroz R, Hasan-Uj-Jaman, Saha PK, Roy HS, Rahman MA, Farid MA. Genes expression in Penaeus monodon of Bangladesh; challenged with AHPND-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100092. [PMID: 37091065 PMCID: PMC10114510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), was discovered in 2013 as a unique isolate that produces toxins and kills penaeid shrimps in devasting nature in Bangladesh and causes severe economic losses. This research aimed to understand the expressions of immune genes in different stages of the host species, Penaeus monodon, against virulence and toxin genes upon being challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. Healthy post-larvae (PL) samples were collected from southwestern of Bangladesh from July 2021 to August 2022. The tryptic soy agar with 1.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) was used to inoculate the cells of V. parahaemolyticus, and the tryptic soy broth (TSB) with 1.5% NaCl was used to transfer the colonies. The spectrophotometry measured bacteria density. PCR, qPCR, SDS-PAGE, and Western blot measured gene expression and survivability after the immersion challenge. The 1 × 105CFU/mL of V. parahaemolyticus was used for 144 h.p.i (hours post-infection) challenge to six stages of post-larvae (PL) of P. monodon (PL20, PL25, PL30, PL35, PL40, and PL45), PL30 and PL35 showed 100% mortality by day 72 (h.p.i.) after exposure that indicated most vulnerable to V. parahaemolyticus. The expression of immune and toxic genes was confirmed by qPCR. The immune genes toll-like receptors (TLR), prophenoloxidase (ProPO), lysozyme (lyso), and penaeidin (PEN) of PL20 and PL25 of P. monodon were expressed robustly up-trends. PL30 and PL35 showed the lowest gene expression at the end of 72 (h.p.i.). At the end of the 144 (h.p.i.) exposure, the immune genes TLR, ProPO, lyso, and PEN expressed highest in PL45 than other post-larvae stages of P. monodon. The toxic genes (pirA, ToxR, ToxA, ToxB, tlh, tdh, and trh) in PL30 and PL35 of P. monodon after exposure of V. parahaemolyticus were expressed highest at the end of the 72 (h.p.i.). The lowest toxic genes expressions were revealed in PL20 and PL45 at the end of the 144 (h.p.i.). The SDS-PAGE analysis of proteins from the bacterium revealed identical protein profiles with toxic genes, and those toxins were further confirmed by Western blot. The 20 kDa, 78 kDa (ToxR), 20 kDa, 25 kDa (ToxA), 25 kDa (ToxB), 20 kDa, 27 kDa, 75 kDa (tdh), and 20 kDa, 27 kDa, 75 kDa, and 78 kDa (trh) proteins were strong responses in Western blot, indicating the crucial involvement of these immune-related genes in the defense and recovery of the first-line defense mechanisms during V. parahaemolyticus infection to shrimp. The all-toxic genes showed a unique homology and those derived from the common ancestor compared with V. parahaemolyticus (NCBI accession no. AP014859.1). All clades were derived with different traits with very low genetic distance, where the overall mean distance was 3.18 and showed a very uniform and homogenous pattern among the lineages. The V. parahaemolyticus infection process in different PL stages in P. monodon revealed novel insights into the immune responses. The responses may lead to the subsequent production of a DNA vaccine, enhancing shrimp health management to minimize the economic losses due to AHPND experiencing an outbreak of early mortality syndrome (EMS) toward sustainable production P. monodon (shrimp).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mer Mosharraf Hossain
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Bangladesh
| | - Nawshin Farjana
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Bangladesh
| | - Rukaiya Afroz
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Md. Anisur Rahman
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Bangladesh
| | - Md. Almamun Farid
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Bangladesh
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10
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Li S, Wang J, Tian X, Toufeeq S, Huang W. Immunometabolic regulation during the presence of microorganisms and parasitoids in insects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:905467. [PMID: 37818375 PMCID: PMC10560992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.905467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms live in environments containing diverse nutrients and a wide variety of microbial communities. On the one hand, the immune response of organisms can protect from the intrusion of exogenous microorganisms. On the other hand, the dynamic coordination of anabolism and catabolism of organisms is a necessary factor for growth and reproduction. Since the production of an immune response is an energy-intensive process, the activation of immune cells is accompanied by metabolic transformations that enable the rapid production of ATP and new biomolecules. In insects, the coordination of immunity and metabolism is the basis for insects to cope with environmental challenges and ensure normal growth, development and reproduction. During the activation of insect immune tissues by pathogenic microorganisms, not only the utilization of organic resources can be enhanced, but also the activated immune cells can usurp the nutrients of non-immune tissues by generating signals. At the same time, insects also have symbiotic bacteria in their body, which can affect insect physiology through immune-metabolic regulation. This paper reviews the research progress of insect immune-metabolism regulation from the perspective of insect tissues, such as fat body, gut and hemocytes. The effects of microorganisms (pathogenic bacteria/non-pathogenic bacteria) and parasitoids on immune-metabolism were elaborated here, which provide guidance to uncover immunometabolism mechanisms in insects and mammals. This work also provides insights to utilize immune-metabolism for the formulation of pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Xing Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shahzad Toufeeq
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuren Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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11
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Ding JL, Wei K, Feng MG, Ying SH. Homologs of bacterial heat-labile enterotoxin subunit A contribute to development, stress response, and virulence in filamentous entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264560. [PMID: 37809075 PMCID: PMC10556748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enterotoxigenic bacteria commonly excrete heat-labile enterotoxins (LT) as virulence factors that consist of one subunit A (LTA) and five B subunits (LTB). In fungi, there are a large number of genes encoding the homologs of LTA, but their biological roles remain largely unknown. Methods In this study, we identified 14 enterotoxin_A domain proteins in filamentous fungus B. bassiana in which five proteins were functionally characterized. Results Five proteins displayed diverse sub-cellular localizations but perform convergent functions in stress response, development, and virulence. The loss of five LTA genes resulted in significant reduction in conidial production, blastospore formation, and the increased sensitivity to oxidative and cell wall -perturbing stresses. The virulence of five disruptants was notably weakened as indicated by topical and intrahemocoel injection assays. Notably, the loss of these five proteins led to the significant changes in the carbohydrate profiles of cellular surface, which induced the enhanced host immune reactions of encapsulation and melanization. Discussion Thus, LTA proteins contribute to the fungus-host interaction via maintaining the carbohydrate profiles of cellular surface. This study expands our understanding of the enterotoxin_A domain proteins in fungal physiology and deepens mechanisms involved in the lifestyle of fungal insect pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sheng-Hua Ying
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Li J, Lyu B, Bi J, Shan R, Stanley D, Feng Q, Song Q. Partner of neuropeptide bursicon homodimer pburs mediates a novel antimicrobial peptide Ten3LP via Dif/Dorsal2 in Tribolium castaneum. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125840. [PMID: 37454995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Bursicon is a cystine knot family neuropeptide, composed of two subunits, bursicon (burs) and partner of burs (pburs). The subunits can form heterodimers to regulate cuticle tanning and wing maturation and homodimers to signal different biological functions in innate immunity, midgut stem cell proliferation and energy homeostasis, and reproductive physiology in the model insects Drosophila melanogaster or Tribolium castaneum. Here, we report on the role of the pburs homodimer in signaling innate immunity in T. castaneum larvae. Through transcriptome analysis we identified a set of immune-related genes that respond to pburs RNAi. Treating larvae with recombinant-pburs protein led to up-regulation of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes in vivo and in vitro. The upregulation of most AMP genes was dependent on the NF-κB transcription factor Relish. Most importantly, we identified a novel AMP, Tenecin 3-like peptide (Ten3LP), regulated by pburs via NF-κB transcription factor Dorsal-related immunity factor (Dif)/Dorsal2, but not Relish. We conducted Ten3LP RNAi, synthesized recombinant Ten3LP protein for microbial inhibition assays and functionally characterized Ten3LP as an AMP specific for fungi and Gram-positive bacteria. We demonstrate that expression of Ten3LP is activated by pburs via the Toll pathway. These findings identify new molecular targets for development of potential antibiotics for treating microbial infections and perhaps for RNAi based pest management technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Bo Lyu
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Institution of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-product, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Ruiqi Shan
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - David Stanley
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Biological Control of Insect Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Station (USDA/ARS), Columbia, MO 65203, USA.
| | - Qili Feng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Wu H, Xu Y, Zafar J, Mandal SD, Lin L, Lu Y, Jin F, Pang R, Xu X. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Impact of the Biopesticide Metarhizium anisopliae on the Immune System of Major Workers in Solenopsis invicta. INSECTS 2023; 14:701. [PMID: 37623411 PMCID: PMC10455567 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972) is a globally significant invasive species, causing extensive agricultural, human health, and biodiversity damage amounting to billions of dollars worldwide. The pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (1883), widely distributed in natural environments, has been used to control S. invicta populations. However, the interaction between M. anisopliae and the immune system of the social insect S. invicta remains poorly understood. In this study, we employed RNA-seq to investigate the effects of M. anisopliae on the immune systems of S. invicta at different time points (0, 6, 24, and 48 h). A total of 1313 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and classified into 12 expression profiles using short time-series expression miner (STEM) for analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to partition all genes into 21 gene modules. Upon analyzing the statistically significant WGCNA model and conducting Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis on the modules, we identified key immune pathways, including the Toll and Imd signaling pathways, lysosomes, autophagy, and phagosomes, which may collectively contribute to S. invicta defense against M. anisopliae infection. Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive scan of all differentially expressed genes and identified 33 immune-related genes, encompassing various aspects such as recognition, signal transduction, and effector gene expression. Furthermore, by integrating the significant gene modules derived from the WGCNA analysis, we constructed illustrative pathway diagrams depicting the Toll and Imd signaling pathways. Overall, our research findings demonstrated that M. anisopliae suppressed the immune response of S. invicta during the early stages while stimulating its immune response at later stages, making it a potential biopesticide for controlling S. invicta populations. These discoveries lay the foundation for further understanding the immune mechanisms of S. invicta and the molecular mechanisms underlying its response to M. anisopliae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rui Pang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, “Belt and Road” Technology Industry and Innovation Institute for Green and Biological Control of Agricultural Pests, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.W.); (Y.X.); (J.Z.); (S.D.M.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (F.J.)
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, “Belt and Road” Technology Industry and Innovation Institute for Green and Biological Control of Agricultural Pests, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.W.); (Y.X.); (J.Z.); (S.D.M.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (F.J.)
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14
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Chen D, Lan X, Huang X, Huang J, Zhou X, Liu J, Hoffmann JA. mthl1, a potential Drosophila homologue of mammalian adhesion GPCRs, is involved in antitumor reactions to injected oncogenic cells in flies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303462120. [PMID: 37459549 PMCID: PMC10374174 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303462120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Injection of OCs into adult male flies induces a strong transcriptomic response in the host flies featuring in particular genes encoding bona fide G coupled proteins, among which the gene for methuselah like 1 is prominent. The injection is followed after a 3-d lag period, by the proliferation of the oncogenic cells. We hypothesized that through the product of mthl1 the host might control, at least in part, this proliferation as a defense reaction. Through a combination of genetic manipulations of the mthl1 gene (loss of function and overexpression of mthl1), we document that indeed this gene has an antiproliferative effect. Parallel injections of primary embryonic Drosophila cells or of various microbes do not exhibit this effect. We further show that mthl1 controls the expression of a large number of genes coding for chemoreceptors and genes implicated in regulation of development. Of great potential interest is our observation that the expression of the mouse gene coding for the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor E1 (Adgre1, also known as F4/80), a potential mammalian homologue of mthl1, is significantly induced by B16-F10 melanoma cell inoculation 3 d postinjection in both the bone marrow and spleen (nests of immature and mature myeloid-derived immune cells), respectively. This observation is compatible with a role of this GPCR in the early response to injected tumor cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511436, China
| | - Xiao Lan
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511436, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511436, China
| | - Jieqing Huang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511436, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511436, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511436, China
| | - Jules A. Hoffmann
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511436, China
- University of StrasbourgInstitute for Advanced Study, 67000Strasbourg, France
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS, Insect Models of Innate Immunity (M3I; UPR9022), StrasbourgF-67084, France
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15
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Zhao L, Niu J, Feng D, Wang X, Zhang R. Immune functions of pattern recognition receptors in Lepidoptera. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203061. [PMID: 37398667 PMCID: PMC10312389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), as the "sensors" in the immune response, play a prominent role in recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiating an effective defense response to pathogens in Lepidoptera. It is becoming increasingly clear that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) normally play a physiological role within cells; however, when exposed to extracellular, they may become "part-time" critical signals of the immune response. Based on research in recent years, we review herein typical PRRs of Lepidoptera, including peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP), gram-negative binding protein (GNBP), β-1,3-glucan recognition protein (βGRP), C-type lectin (CTL), and scavenger receptor (SR). We also outline the ways in which DAMPs participate in the immune response and the correlation between PRRs and immune escape. Taken together, these findings suggest that the role of PRRs in insect innate immunity may be much greater than expected and that it is possible to recognize a broader range of signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinlan Niu
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Disong Feng
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xialu Wang
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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16
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SiouNing AS, Seong TS, Kondo H, Bhassu S. MicroRNA Regulation in Infectious Diseases and Its Potential as a Biosensor in Future Aquaculture Industry: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114357. [PMID: 37298833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An infectious disease is the most apprehensive problem in aquaculture as it can lead to high mortality in aquatic organisms and massive economic loss. Even though significant progress has been accomplished in therapeutic, prevention, and diagnostic using several potential technologies, more robust inventions and breakthroughs should be achieved to control the spread of infectious diseases. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an endogenous small non-coding RNA that post-transcriptionally regulates the protein-coding genes. It involves various biological regulatory mechanisms in organisms such as cell differentiation, proliferation, immune responses, development, apoptosis, and others. Furthermore, an miRNA also acts as a mediator to either regulate host responses or enhance the replication of diseases during infection. Therefore, the emergence of miRNAs could be potential candidates for the establishment of diagnostic tools for numerous infectious diseases. Interestingly, studies have revealed that miRNAs can be used as biomarkers and biosensors to detect diseases, and can also be used to design vaccines to attenuate pathogens. This review provides an overview of miRNA biogenesis and specifically focuses on its regulation during infection in aquatic organisms, especially on the host immune responses and how miRNAs enhance the replication of pathogens in the organism. In addition to that, we explored the potential applications, including diagnostic methods and treatments, that can be employed in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen See SiouNing
- Animal Genomic and Genetics Evolutionary Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Terra Aqua Laboratory, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Research Management and Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Tang Swee Seong
- Terra Aqua Laboratory, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Research Management and Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetic, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Subha Bhassu
- Animal Genomic and Genetics Evolutionary Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Terra Aqua Laboratory, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Research Management and Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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17
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Bossen J, Kühle JP, Roeder T. The tracheal immune system of insects - A blueprint for understanding epithelial immunity. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 157:103960. [PMID: 37235953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The unique design of respiratory organs in multicellular organisms makes them prone to infection by pathogens. To cope with this vulnerability, highly effective local immune systems evolved that are also operative in the tracheal system of insects. Many pathogens and parasites (including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and metazoan parasites) colonize the trachea or invade the host via this route. Currently, only two modules of the tracheal immune system have been characterized in depth: 1) Immune deficiency pathway-mediated activation of antimicrobial peptide gene expression and 2) local melanization processes that protect the structure from wounding. There is an urgent need to increase our understanding of the architecture of tracheal immune systems, especially regarding those mechanisms that enable the maintenance of immune homeostasis. This need for new studies is particularly exigent for species other than Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Bossen
- Kiel University, Zoology, Dept, Molecular Physiology, Kiel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Jan-Philip Kühle
- Kiel University, Zoology, Dept, Molecular Physiology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Kiel University, Zoology, Dept, Molecular Physiology, Kiel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.
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18
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Sun Q, Zhang X, Ouyang Y, Yu P, Man Y, Guo S, Liu S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Tan X. Appressoria Formation in Phytopathogenic Fungi Suppressed by Antimicrobial Peptides and Hybrid Peptides from Black Soldier Flies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051096. [PMID: 37239456 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from black solider flies (Hermetia illucens, BSF) exhibiting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity are the most promising green substitutes for preventing the infection of phytopathogenic fungi; therefore, AMPs have been a focal topic of research. Recently, many studies have focused on the antibacterial activities of BSF AMPs against animal pathogens; however, currently, their antifungal activities against phytopathogenic fungi remain unclear. In this study, 7 AMPs selected from 34 predicted AMPs based on BSF metagenomics were artificially synthesized. When conidia from the hemibiotrophic phytopathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Colletotrichum acutatum were treated with the selected AMPs, three selected AMPs-CAD1, CAD5, and CAD7-showed high appressorium formation inhibited by lengthened germ tubes. Additionally, the MIC50 concentrations of the inhibited appressorium formations were 40 μM, 43 μM, and 43 μM for M. oryzae, while 51 μM, 49 μM, and 44 μM were observed for C. acutatum, respectively. A tandem hybrid AMP named CAD-Con comprising CAD1, CAD5, and CAD7 significantly enhanced antifungal activities, and the MIC50 concentrations against M. oryzae and C. acutatum were 15 μM and 22 μM, respectively. In comparison with the wild type, they were both significantly reduced in terms of virulence when infection assays were performed using the treated conidia of M. oryzae or C. acutatum by CAD1, CAD5, CAD7, or CAD-Con. Meanwhile, their expression levels of CAD1, CAD5, and CAD7 could also be activated and significantly increased after the BSF larvae were treated with the conidia of M. oryzae or C. acutatum, respectively. To our knowledge, the antifungal activities of BSF AMPs against plant pathogenic fungi, which help us to seek potential AMPs with antifungal activities, provide proof of the effectiveness of green control strategies for crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlong Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ying Ouyang
- College of Plant Science, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha 410127, China
| | - Pingzhong Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yilong Man
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Sizhen Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinqiu Tan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
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Ribeiro JM, Hartmann D, Bartošová-Sojková P, Debat H, Moos M, Šimek P, Fara J, Palus M, Kučera M, Hajdušek O, Sojka D, Kopáček P, Perner J. Blood-feeding adaptations and virome assessment of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae guided by RNA-seq. Commun Biol 2023; 6:517. [PMID: 37179447 PMCID: PMC10183022 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermanyssus gallinae is a blood-feeding mite that parasitises wild birds and farmed poultry. Its remarkably swift processing of blood, together with the capacity to blood-feed during most developmental stages, makes this mite a highly debilitating pest. To identify specific adaptations to digestion of a haemoglobin-rich diet, we constructed and compared transcriptomes from starved and blood-fed stages of the parasite and identified midgut-enriched transcripts. We noted that midgut transcripts encoding cysteine proteases were upregulated with a blood meal. Mapping the full proteolytic apparatus, we noted a reduction in the suite of cysteine proteases, missing homologues for Cathepsin B and C. We have further identified and phylogenetically analysed three distinct transcripts encoding vitellogenins that facilitate the reproductive capacity of the mites. We also fully mapped transcripts for haem biosynthesis and the ferritin-based system of iron storage and inter-tissue trafficking. Additionally, we identified transcripts encoding proteins implicated in immune signalling (Toll and IMD pathways) and activity (defensins and thioester-containing proteins), RNAi, and ion channelling (with targets for commercial acaricides such as Fluralaner, Fipronil, and Ivermectin). Viral sequences were filtered from the Illumina reads and we described, in part, the RNA-virome of D. gallinae with identification of a novel virus, Red mite quaranjavirus 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Hartmann
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bartošová-Sojková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Humberto Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Martin Moos
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šimek
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Fara
- International Poultry Testing Station Ústrašice, Ústrašice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Palus
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Kučera
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Hajdušek
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Sojka
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kopáček
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Perner
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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20
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Ren F, Yan J, Wang X, Xie Y, Guo N, Swevers L, Sun J. Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein S5 of Bombyx mori Facilitates the Proliferation of Bombyx mori Cypovirus 1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6338-6347. [PMID: 37053003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori cypovirus 1 (BmCPV1), a primary pathogen of the silkworm, is a typical dsRNA virus belonging to the Reoviridae family. In this study, a total of 2520 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA-seq analysis of the silkworm midgut after BmCPV1 infection and Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation showed that the DEGs predominantly functioned in binding (molecular function), cell (cellular component), and cellular processes (biological process). Additionally, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional annotation revealed that the DEGs were mainly distributed in global and overview metabolism maps, translation, and signal transduction. Among the identified DEGs, BmPGRP-S5 belongs to the peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) family. Previous studies have revealed that PGRPs were involved in the interactions between silkworm and BmCPV1. Here, we explored the effect of BmPGRP-S5 on BmCPV1 replication and demonstrated that BmPGRP-S5 promotes the proliferation of BmCPV1 in BmN cells through overexpression or knockdown experiments. Knocking down of BmPGRP-S5 in silkworm larvae similarly promoted the proliferation of BmCPV1. Through experimental validation, we therefore determined that BmPGRP-S5 acts as a proviral host factor for BmCPV1 infection. This study clarifies the proliferation mechanism of BmCPV1 and provides new insights into the functional role of BmPGRP-S5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiming Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yukai Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Nan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Athens 15341, Greece
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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21
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Zhang R, Chen X, Wang Y, Bai X, Yang Q, Zhong Y, Yu XQ, Jin F, Yang W. BmMD-2A responds to 20-hydroxyecdysone and regulates Bombyx mori silkworm innate immunity in larva-to-pupa metamorphosis. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:411-424. [PMID: 35871306 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
20E-hydroxyecdysone (20E) plays important roles in larval molting and metamorphosis in insects and is also involved in the insect innate immune response. Insect metamorphosis is a highly successful strategy for environmental adaptation and is the most vulnerable stage during which the insect is susceptible to various pathogens. 20E regulates a series of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) through the immunodeficiency (IMD) pathway activation in Drosophila; nevertheless, whether other immune pathways are involved in 20E-regulated insect immunity is unknown. Our previous studies showed that BmMD-2A is a member of the MD-2-related lipid recognition (ML) family of proteins that are involved in the Bombyx mori innate immunity Toll signaling pathway. In this study, we further demonstrate that BmMD-2A is also positively regulated by 20E, and the BmMD-2A neutralization experiment suggested that 20E activates some downstream immune effect factors, the AMP genes against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, through the regulation of BmMD-2A in larval metamorphosis, implying that B. mori may use the Toll-ML signaling pathway to maintain innate immune balance in the larval-pupal metamorphosis stage, which is a different innate immunity pathway regulated by 20E compared to the IMD pathway in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xu Bai
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- The Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangjin Zhong
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengliang Jin
- Guangdong Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wanying Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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22
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Hou J, Hao W, Chang Li M, Gan Z, Chen SN, Lu YS, Xia LQ. Identification and characterization of two long-type peptidoglycan recognition proteins, PGRP-L1 and PGRP-L2, in the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108580. [PMID: 36796596 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) play an important role in innate immunity by recognizing components of pathogenic bacteria (such as peptidoglycan, PGN) and are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in both invertebrates and vertebrates. In the present study, two long-type PGRPs (designed as Eco-PGRP-L1 and Eco-PGRP-L2) were identified in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), which is a major economic species cultured in Asia. The predicted protein sequences of both Eco-PGRP-L1 and Eco-PGRP-L2 contain a typical PGRP domain. Eco-PGRP-L1 and Eco-PGRP-L2 exhibited organ/tissue-specific expression patterns. An abundant expression of Eco-PGRP-L1 was observed in pyloric caecum, stomach and gill, whereas a highest expression level of Eco-PGRP-L2 was found in head kidney, spleen, skin and heart. In addition, Eco-PGRP-L1 is distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus, while Eco-PGRP-L2 is mainly localized in cytoplasm. Both Eco-PGRP-L1 and Eco-PGRP-L2 were induced following the stimulation of PGN and have PGN binding activity. In addition, functional analysis revealed that Eco-PGRP-L1 and Eco-PGRP-L2 possess antibacterial activity against Edwardsiella tarda. These results may contribute to understand the innate immune system of orange-spotted grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Hao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Min Chang Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Zhen Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yi Shan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li Qun Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, Guangdong, China.
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23
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Structural Analysis and Antimicrobial Mechanism of a Protein GBSPI-A from Ginkgo Biloba Seed. J Food Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/3979546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba seed has antimicrobial activity. In this study, ginkgo biloba seed protein was prepared, identified, and named GBSPI-A, finding its construction was similar to 11-S globulin. Then, the influence of GBSPI-A on the cell membrane and physiological metabolism of K. pneumoniae and S. aureus were investigated. The results showed that GBSPI-A (20 mg/mL) destroyed the cell membrane, causing leakage of intracellular material and inhibited bacterial growth with an inhibition rate of approximately 80%. In addition, the GBSPI-A (10 mg/mL) caused the decreasing activity of ATPase and respiratory rate, and the respiratory depression rate was 7.24%. Furthermore, the decreasing ATP synthesis and intracellular β-galactosidase activity led to an insufficient supply of physiological metabolic energy. Therefore, the results showed that GBSPI-A could be used as a natural bacteriostatic agent to replace related drugs and also provide a new insight into the application of GBSPI-A in food safety.
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24
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Zhan F, Li Y, Shi F, Lu Z, Yang M, Li Q, Lin L, Qin Z. Transcriptome analysis of Macrobrachium rosenbergii hemocytes reveals in-depth insights into the immune response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 133:108533. [PMID: 36639067 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Macrobrachium rosenbergii as one of the common freshwater prawn species in Southeast Asia, which breeding industry is seriously threatened by vibriosis and causes high mortality. In this study, the RNA-seq was employed for assessing the M. rosenbergii hemocytes transcriptomes following Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge. After challenge for 6 h (h), there were overall 1849 DEGs or differentially expressed genes, including 1542 up-regulated and 307 down-regulated genes, and there was a total of 1048 DEGs, including 510 up-regulated genes and 538 down-regulated genes, after challenge for 12 h. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) immune-related pathways, Toll, immune deficiency (IMD), and Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) were among the immune pathways where a lot of the DEGs were connected. The expression patterns of 18 chosen immune-related genes were examined utilizing qRT-PCR or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, which revealed that the V. parahaemolyticus infection activated the M. rosenbergii's immune response. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) showed that V. parahaemolyticus infection modulated immune regulation and apoptosis pathways. The gathered information provided new insight into M. rosenbergii's immunity and suggested a novel approach to fight against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanbin Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Zhijie Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Minxuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China.
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China.
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25
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Liang Y, Wang T, Yang W, Chen Z, Li Q, Swevers L, Liu J. Silencing of the immune gene BmPGRP-L4 in the midgut affects the growth of silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36705338 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are one of the receptors in insects' immune pathways, essential for insects to recognize the exogenous pathogens in order to activate the Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathway. In the silkworm Bombyx mori, previous studies focused on the short PGRPs and less is known about the long PGRPs. In this study, a long PGRP in silkworm BmPGRP-L4 was cloned and its expression and function were analysed. The results showed that BmPGRP-L4 contains a transmembrane region, a conserved PGRP domain, and an amidase-2 domain. The expression profile demonstrated that BmPGRP-L4 existed in diverse tissues including epidermis, fat body, midgut, and silk glands, with remarkably high expression in the midgut in the 5th instar. Oral infection with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus significantly induced BmPGRP-L4 in the midgut and epidermis, as well as in the fat body and silk glands. Peptidoglycan also induced the expression of BmPGRP-L4 in midgut tissue ex vivo and BmN4 cells in vitro. RNAi of BmPGRP-L4 was effective in the midgut and epidermis, while the efficiency in the fat body was transient. RNAi-mediated knock-down of BmPGRP-L4 reduced the weight and growth of the silkworm, possibly due to its participation in the immune response and the regulation of the microbiota in the midgut lumen of the silkworm larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebin Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zemin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingrong Li
- The Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luc Swevers
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - Jisheng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Zheng R, Cheng L, Peng J, Li Q, Yang F, Yang D, Xia Y, Tang Q. Comparative analysis of gut microbiota and immune genes linked with the immune system of wild and captive Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:104530. [PMID: 36084754 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is one of the most highly polyphagous invasive pests causing serious damage to maize crops in China. However, little is known about the gut immune responses to the environment, particularly along the migration routes in Jianghuai, China, throughout the autumn and winter. In this study, high-throughput sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were employed to examine the variations in immune genes and gut microbiome communities between captive and wild fall armyworm populations. Results showed that the diversity and community of the gut's microbes were higher in wild populations, and the average weighted UniFrac distance between bacterial taxa varied. A wide variety of immune genes were more abundant in the wild populations than in others. Results indicated that diets and different survival conditions impacted the gut microbiota and immune system of S. frugiperda, which was crucial for environmental adaptation. These differences in gut microbiota and immune responses between wild and captive Fall armyworms are critical for comprehending the symbiotic relationship between microbes, immune genes, and hosts. They also highlight the need for increased focus on developing more effective and environmentally friendly pest control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwen Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Luoling Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yuxian Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qingfeng Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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27
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Kryukov VY, Rotskaya UN, Yaroslavtseva ON, Noskov YA, Glupov VV. Expression of Immunity- and Stress-Related Genes during an Intermolt Period in the Colorado Potato Beetle. INSECTS 2022; 13:1168. [PMID: 36555078 PMCID: PMC9785908 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Different developmental stages of insects may be dissimilar in immunity functioning. Additionally, the stages often inhabit diverse environments with specific microbial communities. In the Colorado potato beetle, a strong increase in resistance to entomopathogenic fungi is observed during the intermolt period of last-instar larvae, but mechanisms of this change are insufficiently understood. We studied changes in the expression of immunity- and stress-related genes in the fat body and integument during this intermolt period by quantitative PCR. By the end of the instar, there was upregulation of transcription factors of Toll, IMD, and Jak-Stat pathways as well as genes encoding metalloprotease inhibitors, odorant-binding proteins, and heat shock proteins. Nonetheless, the expression of gene LdRBLk encoding β-lectin did not change during this period. Most of the aforementioned genes were upregulated in response to Metarhizium robertsii topical infection. The expression alterations were more pronounced in recently molted larvae than in finishing feeding larvae and in the integument compared to the fat body. We believe that upregulation of immune-system- and stress-related genes at the end of the intermolt period is an adaptation caused by migration of larvae into soil, where the probability of encountering entomopathogenic fungi is high.
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28
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Cai Q, Guo H, Fang R, Hua Y, Zhu Y, Zheng X, Yan J, Wang J, Hu Y, Zhang C, Zhang C, Duan R, Kong F, Zhang S, Chen D, Ji S. A Toll-dependent Bre1/Rad6-cact feedback loop in controlling host innate immune response. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111795. [PMID: 36516751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll signaling pathway was initially identified for its involvement in the control of early embryogenesis. It was later shown to be also part of a major innate immune pathway controlling the expression of anti-microbial peptides in many eukaryotes including humans; cactus, the essential negative regulator of this pathway in flies, was found to be induced in parallel to the Toll-dependent activation process during immune defenses. We were interested in the mechanisms of this dual effect and provide here evidence that upon pathogenic stimuli, dorsal, one of the transcription factors of the fly Toll pathway, can induce the expression of the E3 ligase Bre1. We further show that Bre1 complexes with the E2 Rad6 to mono-ubiquitinate histone H2B and to promote the transcription of cactus to achieve homeostasis of the Toll immune response. Our studies characterize a Toll signal-dependent regulatory machinery in governing the Toll pathway in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshuang Cai
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Center for Biological Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yongzhi Hua
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yangyang Zhu
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xianrui Zheng
- Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yixuan Hu
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Renjie Duan
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Fanrui Kong
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Shikun Zhang
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Di Chen
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shanming Ji
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China.
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Lv X, Jiao C, Chen Y, Chen L, Li X, Liu X, Yang D, Zhao J. Characteristic and antibacterial effect of a histone H2A and its preliminary roles in extracellular traps in manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:77-83. [PMID: 36195271 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a histone H2A (designed as RpH2A) was identified and characterized from clam Ruditapes philippinarum, and its open reading frame (ORF) was of 387 bp encoding a polypeptide of 128 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of RpH2A shared high identities ranging from 57.1% to 96.1% with that of other identified H2A. The mRNA expression of RpH2A was up-regulated significantly after Vibrio anguillarum challenge. The recombinant RpH2A protein (rRpH2A) displayed significantly binding affinity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN) in vitro, and also exhibited antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli. In addition, the antimicrobial RpH2A was shown to co-localize with extracellular traps (ETs) released from hemocytes induced by E. coli, suggesting that RpH2A might contribute to eliminate invading bacteria in clam ETs. Altogether, our data revealed that RpH2A could function as antimicrobial peptides, which might play a crucial role in the immune responses of hemocytes ETs in clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lv
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chunli Jiao
- Yantai Center for Food and Drug Control, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Yuying Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Xuan Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Xiangquan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
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Sellaththurai S, Ganeshalingam S, Jung S, Choi JY, Kim DJ, Lee J. Insight into the molecular structure and function of peptidoglycan recognition protein SC2 (PGRP-SC2) from Amphiprion clarkii: Investigating the role in innate immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:559-569. [PMID: 36241004 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) belong to the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family and are conserved from insects to mammals. PGRPs show specific binding abilities to peptidoglycans (PGNs) in various microbes. In this study, molecular and functional analyses of PGRP-SC2 from Amphiprion clarkii (AcPGRP-SC2) were conducted. The 492 bp ORF of AcPGRP-SC2 encoded a protein of 164 amino acids with a molecular weight of 17.58 kDa and pI of 8.9. The PGRP superfamily domain was identified from the protein sequence of AcPGRP-SC2 and sequence similarities were observed with homologous proteins. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed that AcPGRP-SC2 transcripts were ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues, with high levels in the skin, and transcript expression was significantly modulated by immune stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), and Vibrio harveyi post-immune challenge. Recombinant AcPGRP-SC2 with the maltose-binding protein fusion (rAcPGRP-SC2) was used to evaluate LPS-, PGN-, and bacterial-binding activities and to conduct bacterial agglutination assays, and the results demonstrated that AcPGRP-SC2 exhibited bacterial recognition, binding, and colonization abilities to a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Moreover, rAcPGRP-SC2-pre-treated Fat Head Minnow (FHM) cells exhibited significant upregulation in NF-ĸB1, NF-ĸB2, and stat3 expression upon treatment with killed bacteria. Taken together, our findings suggest that AcPGRP-SC2 plays an important role in the immune response against microbial pathogens in A. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarithaa Sellaththurai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Subothini Ganeshalingam
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Jung
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Choi
- Jeju Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute Fisheries Science, Jeju, 63068, South Korea
| | - Dae-Jung Kim
- Jeju Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute Fisheries Science, Jeju, 63068, South Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Singh S, Tapadia MG. Ayurvedic formulations Guduchi and Madhuyashti triggers JNK signaling mediated immune response and adversely affects Huntington phenotype. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:265. [PMID: 36224586 PMCID: PMC9555103 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease manifests due to abnormal CAG trinucleotide expansion, in the first exon of the Huntingtin gene and disease progression involves genetic, immune, and environmental components. The pathogenesis is characterized by the formation of Inclusion Bodies, disruption of neuronal circuitry, cellular machinery, and apoptosis, resulting in gradual and progressive loss of neuronal cells, ultimately leading to nervous system dysfunction. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the effect of two Ayurvedic formulations, Guduchi and Madhuyashti, on Huntington's phenotype, using Drosophila as a model system. METHOD The Huntington phenotype was ectopically induced in the Drosophila eye using the UAS-GAL4 binary system and the effect of the two Ayurvedic formulations were assessed by feeding the progenies on them. Degeneration was observed microscopically and Real Time-PCR was done to assay the alterations in the different transcripts of the innate immune pathways and JNK signaling pathway. Immunostaining was performed to assay different gene expression patterns. RESULT The present study shows that Guduchi and Madhuyashti, endowed with immunomodulatory and intellect promoting properties, aggravates polyQ mediated neurodegeneration. We provide evidence that these formulations enhance JNK signaling by activating the MAP 3 K, dTAK1, which regulates the expression of Drosophila homologue for JNK. Sustained, rather than a transient expression of JNK leads to excessive production of Anti-Microbial Peptides without involving the canonical transcription factors of the Toll or IMD pathways, NF-κB. Enhanced JNK expression also increases caspase levels, with a concomitant reduction in cell proliferation, which may further contribute to increased degeneration. CONCLUSION This is a report linking the functional relevance of Guduchi and Madhuyashti with molecular pathways, which can be important for understanding their use in therapeutic applications and holds promise for mechanistic insight into the mammalian counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Singh
- grid.411507.60000 0001 2287 8816Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Madhu G. Tapadia
- grid.411507.60000 0001 2287 8816Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
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Nishide Y, Nagamine K, Kageyama D, Moriyama M, Futahashi R, Fukatsu T. A new antimicrobial peptide, Pentatomicin, from the stinkbug Plautia stali. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16503. [PMID: 36192417 PMCID: PMC9529961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play crucial roles in the innate immunity of diverse organisms, which exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structural property and antimicrobial spectrum. Here, we describe a new AMP, named Pentatomicin, from the stinkbug Plautia stali (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Orthologous nucleotide sequences of Pentatomicin were present in stinkbugs and beetles but not in other insect groups. Notably, orthologous sequences were also detected from a horseshoe crab, cyanobacteria and proteobacteria, suggesting the possibility of inter-domain horizontal gene transfers of Pentatomicin and allied protein genes. The recombinant protein of Pentatomicin was effective against an array of Gram-positive bacteria but not against Gram-negative bacteria. Upon septic shock, the expression of Pentatomicin drastically increased in a manner similar to other AMPs. On the other hand, unlike other AMPs, mock and saline injections increased the expression of Pentatomicin. RNAi-mediated downregulation of Imd pathway genes (Imd and Relish) and Toll pathway genes (MyD88 and Dorsal) revealed that the expression of Pentatomicin is under the control of Toll pathway. Being consistent with in vitro effectiveness of the recombinant protein, adult insects injected with dsRNA of Pentatomicin exhibited higher vulnerability to Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus than to Gram-negative Escherichia coli. We discovered high levels of Pentatomicin expression in eggs, which is atypical of other AMPs and suggestive of its biological functioning in eggs. Contrary to the expectation, however, RNAi-mediated downregulation of Pentatomicin did not affect normal embryonic development of P. stali. Moreover, the downregulation of Pentatomicin in eggs did not affect vertical symbiont transmission to the offspring even under heavily contaminated conditions, which refuted our expectation that the antimicrobial activity of Pentatomicin may contribute to egg surface-mediated symbiont transmission by suppressing microbial contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Nishide
- grid.416835.d0000 0001 2222 0432Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Ohwashi, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, 305-8634 Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagamine
- grid.416835.d0000 0001 2222 0432Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Ohwashi, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, 305-8634 Japan ,grid.54432.340000 0001 0860 6072Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, 102-0083 Japan
| | - Daisuke Kageyama
- grid.416835.d0000 0001 2222 0432Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Ohwashi, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, 305-8634 Japan
| | - Minoru Moriyama
- grid.208504.b0000 0001 2230 7538National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8566 Japan
| | - Ryo Futahashi
- grid.208504.b0000 0001 2230 7538National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8566 Japan
| | - Takema Fukatsu
- grid.208504.b0000 0001 2230 7538National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8566 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan ,grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572 Japan
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Ehrhardt B, El-Merhie N, Kovacevic D, Schramm J, Bossen J, Roeder T, Krauss-Etschmann S. Airway remodeling: The Drosophila model permits a purely epithelial perspective. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:876673. [PMID: 36187164 PMCID: PMC9520053 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.876673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is an umbrella term for structural changes in the conducting airways that occur in chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The pathobiology of remodeling involves multiple mesenchymal and lymphoid cell types and finally leads to a variety of hardly reversible changes such as hyperplasia of goblet cells, thickening of the reticular basement membrane, deposition of collagen, peribronchial fibrosis, angiogenesis and hyperplasia of bronchial smooth muscle cells. In order to develop solutions for prevention or innovative therapies, these complex processes must be understood in detail which requires their deconstruction into individual building blocks. In the present manuscript we therefore focus on the role of the airway epithelium and introduce Drosophila melanogaster as a model. The simple architecture of the flies’ airways as well as the lack of adaptive immunity allows to focus exclusively on the importance of the epithelium for the remodeling processes. We will review and discuss genetic and environmentally induced changes in epithelial structures and molecular responses and propose an integrated framework of research for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Ehrhardt
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Natalia El-Merhie
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Draginja Kovacevic
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Juliana Schramm
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Judith Bossen
- Division of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Division of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
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Kariyawasam U, Gulati M, Wang Y, Bao H, Shan T, Li X, Cao X, Sumathipala N, Hu Y, Zhang X, Boons GJ, Jiang H. Preferential binding of DAP-PGs by major peptidoglycan recognition proteins found in cell-free hemolymph of Manduca sexta. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 148:103827. [PMID: 36007680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) detect invading bacteria to trigger or modulate immune responses in insects. While these roles are established in Drosophila, functional studies are not yet achieved at the PGRP family level in other insects. To attain this goal, we selected Manduca sexta PGRP12 and five of the nine secreted PGRPs for recombinant expression and biochemical characterization. We cloned PGRP2-5, 12 and 13 cDNAs, produced the proteins in full (PGRP2-5, 13) or in part (PGRP3s, 12e, 13N, 13C) in Sf9 cells, and tested their bindings of two muramyl pentapeptides by surface plasmon resonance, two soluble peptidoglycans by competitive ELISA, and four insoluble peptidoglycans and eight whole bacteria by a pull-down assay. Preferential binding of meso-diaminopimelic acid-peptidoglycans (DAP-PGs) was observed in all the proteins containing a peptidoglycan binding domain and, since PGRP6, 7 and 9 proteins were hardly detected in cell-free hemolymph, the reportoire of PGRPs (including PGRP1 published previously) in M. sexta hemolymph is likely adapted to mainly detect Gram-negative bacteria and certain Gram-positive bacteria with DAP-PGs located on their surface. After incubation with plasma from naïve larvae, PGRP2, 3f, 4, 5, 13f and 13N considerably stimulated prophenoloxidase activation in the absence of a bacterial elicitor. PGRP3s and 12e had much smaller effects. Inclusion of the full-length PGRPs and their regions in the plasma also led to proHP8 activation, supporting their connections to the Toll pathway, since HP8 is a Spӓtzle-1 processing enzyme in M. sexta. Together, these findings raised concerns on the common belief that the Toll-pathway is specific for Gram-positive bacteria in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udeshika Kariyawasam
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Mansi Gulati
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Haibo Bao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangshu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Tisheng Shan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Xiuru Li
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xiaolong Cao
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Niranji Sumathipala
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Yingxia Hu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Xiufeng Zhang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Haobo Jiang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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Prakash A, Monteith KM, Vale PF. Mechanisms of damage prevention, signalling and repair impact disease tolerance. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220837. [PMID: 35975433 PMCID: PMC9382215 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insect gut is frequently exposed to pathogenic threats and must not only clear these potential infections, but also tolerate relatively high microbe loads. In contrast to the mechanisms that eliminate pathogens, we currently know less about the mechanisms of disease tolerance. We investigated how well-described mechanisms that prevent, signal, control or repair damage during infection contribute to the phenotype of disease tolerance. We established enteric infections with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila in transgenic lines of Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies affecting dcy (a major component of the peritrophic matrix), upd3 (a cytokine-like molecule), irc (a negative regulator of reactive oxygen species) and egfr1 (epithelial growth factor receptor). Flies lacking dcy experienced the highest mortality, while loss of function of either irc or upd3 reduced tolerance in both sexes. The disruption of egfr1 resulted in a severe loss in tolerance in male flies but had no substantial effect on the ability of female flies to tolerate P. entomophila infection, despite carrying greater microbe loads than males. Together, our findings provide evidence for the role of damage limitation mechanisms in disease tolerance and highlight how sexual dimorphism in these mechanisms could generate sex differences in infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Prakash
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Katy M. Monteith
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Pedro F. Vale
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
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Chen D, Wang H. Redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) responds to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection by activating toll and immune deficiency signaling pathways and transcription of associated immune response genes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:611-622. [PMID: 35809883 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In invertebrates, several genes controlled by the Toll and immunodeficiency (IMD) signaling cascade are altered during microbial infection. However, little is known about the expression patterns of innate immune response genes in red-clawed crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). In the present study, the transcription of five genes was assessed in C. quadricarinatus challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus). The expression of Relish, Toll-like receptor (TLR), tumor necrosis factor receptor-related factor 6 (TRAF6), Akirin, and IMD in different tissues and at different time points after infection were assessed. In addition, the Relish gene was amplified, the protein conformation of the Relish gene was predicted, and gene expression changes associated with antimicrobial peptide production in C. quadricarinatus were analyzed using RNA interference (RNAi). During V. parahaemolyticus infection, the transcripts of the above five genes were significantly increased in the hepatopancreas of C. quadricarinatus (P < 0.05). In contrast, TLR was significantly downregulated in muscle tissue at the initial stage of infection (P < 0.05); TRAF6 and IMD were significantly down-regulated throughout infection (P < 0.05); Akirin transcripts had the lowest abundance at 24 h post-infection; Relish, IMD and Akirin genes were significantly up-regulated in gill tissue at the early stage of infection (P < 0.05); only TRAF6 was significantly up-regulated at 6, 24 and 48 h after infection. The Relish gene of C. quadricarinatus is closely related to the Exopalaemon carinicauda. When the Relish gene was knocked down by RNAi, the V. parahaemolyticus challenge showed that the mortality rate of the RANi group was significantly higher than that of the NC group; pathological sections showed that the hepatopancreatic tissue damage was the most severe 12 h after the interference; and the interference significantly inhibited IRF4, NF-κB, ALF, laccase, SOD1, and lectin genes. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that the Toll and IMD pathways are activated in C. quadricarinatus in response to bacterial infection and that genes associated with these pathways are differentially transcribed in different tissues. This study provides insights into the Toll and IMD signaling pathways and the spatiotemporal expression of key genes regulating bacterial infection resistance in C. quadricarinatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanduan Chen
- College of Agronomy Liaocheng University, Liaochen, 252000, China; Aquaculture Research Lab, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Aquaculture Research Lab, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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Li S, Hao Z, Xu H, Gao Y, Zhang M, Liang J, Dang X. Silencing β-1,3-glucan binding protein enhances the susceptibility of Plutella xylostella to entomopathogenic fungus Isaria cicadae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3117-3127. [PMID: 35442542 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella is a notorious pest of brassicaceae crops globally and has developed serious resistance to insecticide. Insects primarily rely on their innate immunity to defense against various pathogens. In this study, we investigated the immunological functions of a β-1,3-glucan binding protein from P. xylostella (PxβGBP) and evaluated its potential for biocontrolling P. xylostella. RESULTS The open reading frame of PxβGBP is 1422 bp encoding 473 amino acids residues. PxβGBP contained a CBM39 domain, a PAC domain and a GH16 domain and shared evolutionary conservation with other lepidoptera βGRPs. PxβGBP was strongly expressed in the third instar larvae and fat body. PxβGBP transcript levels increased significantly after the challenge with microbes, including Isaria cicadae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. PxβGBP was identified in P. xylostella larvae challenged by I cicadae, but not in the naïve insects. Recombinant PxβGBP can directly bind fungal and bacterial cells, and also agglutinate the cells of I cicadae, S. aureus and E coli in a zinc-dependent manner. Knockdown of PxβGBP via RNA interference significantly down-regulated the expression of antimicrobial peptide gene gloverin, and enhanced the susceptibility of P. xylostella to I. cicadae infection, leading to high mortality. CONCLUSION These results indicated that PxβGBP plays an important role in the immune response of P. xylostella against I. cicadae infection, and could serve as a potential novel target for pest control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongping Hao
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangli Dang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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38
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The Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae Affects Feeding Preference of Sogatella furcifera and Its Potential Targets’ Identification. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050506. [PMID: 35628761 PMCID: PMC9147605 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice planthopper Sogatella furcifera is a unique vector of the southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV). The feeding behavior of S. furcifera should directly affect the diffusion of this virus. In this study, we noted that the infection of Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421 on S. furcifera disturbed the feeding behavior of this pest to SRBSDV-infected rice, from preference to non-preference. Then, we further investigated the potential targets of M. anisopliae CQMa421 on the feeding behavior of S. furcifera after 0 h, 24 h and 48 h of infection by transcriptomic analysis via Illumina deep sequencing. A total of 93.27 GB of data was collected after sequencing, from which 91,125 unigenes were annotated, including 75 newly annotated genes. There were 1380 vs. 2187 and 137 vs. 106 upregulated and downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) detected at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The biological functions and associated metabolic processes of these genes were determined with the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. The results suggested that major of DEGs are involved in energy metabolism, biosynthesis, immune response, the FoxO signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway and apoptosis in response to the fungal infection. Noteworthily, several olfactory-related genes, including odorant receptors and odorant binding proteins, were screened from these differentially expressed genes, which played critical roles in regulating the olfactory behavior of insects. Taken together, these results provide new insights for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying fungus and host insect interaction, especially for olfactory behavior regulated by fungus.
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39
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The Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Shows Its Toxic Side within Insects: Expression of Genes Encoding Secondary Metabolites during Pathogenesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050488. [PMID: 35628744 PMCID: PMC9143124 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi are extensively used for the control of insect pests worldwide. Among them, Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) produce a plethora of toxic secondary metabolites that either facilitate fungal invasion or act as immunosuppressive compounds. These toxins have different chemical natures, such as nonribosomal peptides and polyketides. Even though their precise role is poorly understood, they are usually linked to virulence. These fungal secondary metabolites are produced by the expression of gene clusters encoding the various proteins needed for their biosynthesis. Each cluster includes synthetases for nonribosomal peptides (NRPS), polyketides (PKS), or hybrid NRPS–PKS genes. The aim of this review is to summarize the information available from transcriptomics and quantitative PCR studies related to the expression of B. bassiana NRPS and PKS genes inside different insects as the infection progresses; as for the host immune response, to help understand the mechanisms that these toxins trigger as virulence factors, antimicrobials, or immunosuppressives within the context of a fungus–insect interaction.
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40
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Zhang X, Shi J, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z. The potential role of eyestalk in the immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection II. From the perspective of long non-coding RNA. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:300-312. [PMID: 35398223 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been linked to immunological modulation. Unfortunately, little is known about the processes of immune control in shrimp. In crustaceans such as Litopenaeus vannamei, a prominent aquaculture species, the X-organ-sinus gland complex (XO-SG) in the eyestalk is an essential neuroendocrine regulatory organ. Eyestalk ablation is commonly employed in aquaculture to accelerate ovarian maturation in shrimp. It does, however, have a negative impact on the shrimps' immunocompetence and causes death. As a result, we used RNA-seq to profile the transcriptomes of L. vannamei hemocytes infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus after the eyestalk ablation. Following strict transcript screening procedures, 2307 lncRNAs were identified from L. vannamei hemocytes in this study. Pearson correlation analysis was finally used to uncover 535 DElncRNAs and 1566 DEmRNA targets. According to the Venn diagram analysis, 326 non-eyestalk regulatory lncRNAs (NElncRNAs) with a target of 1014 non-eyestalk regulatory genes (NEmRNAs), 47 eyestalk negative regulatory lncRNAs (ENRlncRNAs) with a target of 95 eyestalk negative regulatory genes (ENRmRNAs), and 162 eyestalk positive regulatory lncRNAs (EPRlncRNAs) with a target of 457 eyestalk positive regulatory genes (EPRmRNAs) were screened. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that lncRNAs were associated with Axon regeneration, Rap1 signaling pathway, Thyroid hormone signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, implying that lncRNAs may play a role in the regulation of the neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) system. Furthermore, several lncRNAs targeting HSP70, YWHAZ, FER2, HIF1α, and Notch were discovered and verified by qRT-PCR. These findings showed that regulation of lncRNAs in hemocytes which were controlled by the eyestalk might be one of the impact variables in controlling the differential expression of mRNAs associated with immune response in L. vannamei infected with V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jialong Shi
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yulong Sun
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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41
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Moure UAE, Tan T, Sha L, Lu X, Shao Z, Yang G, Wang Y, Cui H. Advances in the Immune Regulatory Role of Non-Coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs) in Insect-Pathogen Interactions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856457. [PMID: 35464405 PMCID: PMC9020863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are by far the most abundant and diverse living organisms on earth and are frequently prone to microbial attacks. In other to counteract and overcome microbial invasions, insects have in an evolutionary way conserved and developed immune defense mechanisms such as Toll, immune deficiency (Imd), and JAK/STAT signaling pathways leading to the expression of antimicrobial peptides. These pathways have accessory immune effector mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, encapsulation, melanization, nodulation, RNA interference (RNAi), lysis, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, pathogens evolved strategies that circumvent host immune response following infections, which may have helped insects further sophisticate their immune response mechanisms. The involvement of ncRNAs in insect immunity is undeniable, and several excellent studies or reviews have investigated and described their roles in various insects. However, the functional analyses of ncRNAs in insects upon pathogen attacks are not exhaustive as novel ncRNAs are being increasingly discovered in those organisms. This article gives an overview of the main insect signaling pathways and effector mechanisms activated by pathogen invaders and summarizes the latest findings of the immune modulation role of both insect- and pathogen-encoded ncRNAs, especially miRNAs and lncRNAs during insect–pathogen crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Aymard Ekomi Moure
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingshan Tan
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Sha
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Shao
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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42
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Abubaker D, Baassiri A, Ghannam M, Al Outa A, Ghais A, Rahal E, Nasr R, Shirinian M. Expression of chronic myeloid leukemia oncogenes BCR-ABL P210 and BCR-ABL T315I affect cellular and humoral innate immunity in Drosophila melanogaster. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000551. [PMID: 35622506 PMCID: PMC9008464 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that results from a chromosomal translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22. The resulting fusion gene (
BCR-ABL
) encodes a constitutively active BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase. Some mutations of this oncogene, especially the Threonine 315 to Isoleucine substitution of the ABL kinase is resistant to first and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) conventionally used in CML therapy. We have previously validated a CML fruit fly model for drug screening using the adult fly compound eye. Here we expressed wild-type
BCR-ABL
P210
and
mutated
BCR-ABL
T315I
in
Drosophila melanogaster
hematopoietic system to understand the phenotypic consequences of this expression and its impact on innate immune pathways. Flies expressing both wild-type
BCR-ABLP210
and mutant
BCR-ABLT315I
showed increased number of circulating hemocytes, disruption in sessile patterning of resident hemocytes, dysregulation in the humoral Toll, ImD, and JAK/STAT pathways at the mRNA level in both the 3
rd
instar larva and adult stages. Of note,
BCR-ABLT315I
flies presented more severe phenotypes and a higher deviation in humoral dysregulation than BCR
-ABLP210
flies pointing towards more complex oncogenic effect of this mutant which requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Abubaker
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
,
Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amro Baassiri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Ghannam
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
,
Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amani Al Outa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Ghais
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elias Rahal
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
,
Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
,
Correspondence to: Rihab Nasr (
)
| | - Margret Shirinian
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
,
Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
,
Correspondence to: Margret Shirinian (
)
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43
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Tian Z, Zha M, Cai L, Michaud JP, Cheng J, Shen Z, Liu X, Liu X. FoxO-promoted peroxiredoxin1 expression induced by Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus infection mediates host development and defensive responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113414. [PMID: 35305350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) has a long coevolutionary history with its host, exerting profound effects on larval development, physiology and immune responses, although the mechanisms mediating these effects remain unclear. We demonstrate that HearNPV infection constrains the growth and development of larvae by inducing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which increase the expression of forkhead box O transcription factor (FoxO). FoxO upregulates the expression of peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) which serves to regulate larval development and immune responses following HearNPV infection. Collectively, our results provide novel insights into the role of Prx1 in larval development and immunity subsequent to HearNPV infection. Further investigation of the oxidative stress induced by HearNPV in H. armigera and its interactions with host immunity could yield novel insights useful in agricultural pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Tian
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Meng Zha
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Limei Cai
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, Hays, KS 67601, USA.
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhongjian Shen
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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44
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Wang Y, Zhang Q, Yu HZ. Functional analysis of a peptidoglycan recognition protein involved in the immune response in the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 109:e21858. [PMID: 35289433 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (GRPs) are family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which can recognize the peptidoglycan and trigger the innate immune system against the microorganisms in insects. In this study, we identified a GRP-LB from Spodoptera litura genome database and named SlGRP-LB, which contained a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 639 bp, encoding a protein of 212 amino acids with a signal peptide and GRP domain. Phylogenetic tree analysis suggested that the SlGRP-LB has a close relationship with Helicoverpa armigera GRP-LB (HaGRP-LB). Tissue expression analysis revealed that SlGRP-LB had a high expression level in the fat body. The expression levels of SlGRP-LB were significantly upregulated in the hemolymph, fat body, and midgut from 3 to 12 h after injection of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while the expression levels were not downregulated at 24 h postinfection. Knockdown of SlGRP-LB expression by RNA interference reduced the expression of antibacterial peptide-related genes in the fat body and midgut, while their expression levels were upregulated in the hemolymph. In addition, the recombinant SlGRP-LB was expressed by using E. coli expression system, and it exhibited binding activity to E. coli. Taken together, the data suggest that S. litura GRP-LB might play a crucial role in regulating immune response in S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Zhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
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45
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Microbes affect gut epithelial cell composition through immune-dependent regulation of intestinal stem cell differentiation. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110572. [PMID: 35354023 PMCID: PMC9078081 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes play important roles in host physiology; however, the mechanisms underlying their impact remain poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that microbes not only influence gut physiology but also alter its epithelial composition. The microbiota and pathogens both influence intestinal stem cell (ISC) differentiation. Intriguingly, while the microbiota promotes ISC differentiation into enterocytes (EC), pathogens stimulate enteroendocrine cell (EE) fate and long-term accumulation of EEs in the midgut epithelium. Importantly, the evolutionarily conserved Drosophila NFKB (Relish) pushes stem cell lineage specification toward ECs by directly regulating differentiation factors. Conversely, the JAK-STAT pathway promotes EE fate in response to infectious damage. We propose a model in which the balance of microbial pattern recognition pathways, such as Imd-Relish, and damage response pathways, such as JAK-STAT, influence ISC differentiation, epithelial composition, and gut physiology.
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46
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Zhang X, Shi J, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z. The potential role of eyestalk in the immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei to Vibrio infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:62-73. [PMID: 34998096 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The X-organ-sinus gland complex (XO-SG) in the eyestalk is an important neuroendocrine regulatory organ of crustaceans such as Litopenaeus vannamei, a prominent aquaculture species. The current study found significant changes in the enzyme activities of ALP, ACP, and T-SOD of hepatopancreatic in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus exposure following eyestalk ablation, indicating that they were all involved in the immunological regulation of shrimps against V. parahaemolyticus infection. A total of 52,656 unigenes were obtained after RNA-Seq, with an average length of 1036 bp and an N50 of 1847 bp. Subsequently, 1899 eyestalk positive regulation genes (EPRGs), 745 eyestalk negative regulation genes (ENRGs), and 2077 non-eyestalk regulatory genes (NEGs) were identified. KEGG analysis of EPRGs revealed that eyestalk ablation might activate the neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) system. The RNA-Seq data were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The findings suggested that eyestalk ablation might affect the expression of genes involved in the prophenoloxidase-activating system, the TLR signaling pathway, and numerous other immune-related genes in L. vannamei. All of these findings revealed that the eyestalk might have a role in the immune response of L. vannamei. The genes and pathways discovered in this study will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of hemocytes' immune response to V. parahaemolyticus following eyestalk ablation in shrimp, as well as provide the framework for building crustacean immunity theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jialong Shi
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yulong Sun
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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47
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Ding D, Sun XJ, Yan M, Chen Q, Gao L, Kang CJ. The ECSIT Mediated Toll3-Dorsal-ALFs Pathway Inhibits Bacterial Amplification in Kuruma Shrimp. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807326. [PMID: 35173723 PMCID: PMC8841768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll signaling pathway plays an important role in animal innate immunity. However, its activation and signal transmission greatly differ across species and need to be investigated. Shrimp farming is a worldwide economic activity affected by bacterial disease from the 1990s, which promoted research on shrimp immunity. In this study, we first proved that, among the three identified Toll receptors in Marsupenaeus japonicus kuruma shrimp, Toll 3 plays a pivotal role in initiating the antibacterial response in vivo, especially upon anti-Staphylococcus aureus infection. Further research showed that this result was due to the activation of the Dorsal transcription factor, which induced the expression of two anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (Alfs). Moreover, the evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways, ECSIT, was proved to be needed for signal transmission from Toll 3 to Dorsal and the expression of anti-lipopolysaccharide factors. Finally, the mortality assay showed that a Toll3-ECSIT-Dorsal-Alf axis was functional in the anti-S.aureus immunity of M. japonicus shrimp. The results provide new insights into the function and signal transduction of the Toll pathway in aquatic species and offer basic knowledge for shrimp disease control and genetic breeding.
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48
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Rydbom J, Kohl H, Hyde VR, Lohr KM. Altered Gut Microbial Load and Immune Activation in a Drosophila Model of Human Tauopathy. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:731602. [PMID: 34803581 PMCID: PMC8597733 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.731602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that stabilizes the neuronal cytoskeleton. In the family of neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), abnormal tau aggregation destabilizes microtubule structure, contributing to a cascade of cellular processes leading to neuronal cell death. The gut microbiome has increasingly become a target of neurodegenerative disease research since gut microbiome imbalances have been linked to protein aggregation and inflammation through a bidirectional axis linking the gut and brain. Accordingly, the present study examined tau-mediated changes to gut microbiome composition and immune activation in a Drosophila melanogaster model of human mutant tauopathy. Fecal deposit quantification and gastric emptying time courses suggested an abnormal food distribution and reduced gut motility in tau transgenic flies compared to controls. Tau transgenic flies also showed an increase in gut bacteria colony forming units (CFUs) from diluted fly homogenate, indicating an increased bacterial load. Finally, we showed that tau transgenic flies have a trend towards elevated systemic levels of antimicrobial peptides targeting gram-negative bacteria using qPCR, suggesting an enhanced innate immune response to bacterial insult. These data demonstrate qualifiable and quantifiable gut microbial and innate immune responses to tauopathy. Furthermore, these results provide a framework for future studies targeting the gut microbiome as a modifier of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kelly M. Lohr
- Department of Biology, Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, PA, United States
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Zhou H, Ni J, Wu S, Ma F, Jin P, Li S. lncRNA-CR46018 positively regulates the Drosophila Toll immune response by interacting with Dif/Dorsal. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 124:104183. [PMID: 34174242 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Toll signaling pathway is highly conserved from insects to mammals. Drosophila is a model species that is commonly used to study innate immunity. Although many studies have assessed protein-coding genes that regulate the Toll pathway, it is unclear whether long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play regulatory roles in the Toll pathway. Here, we evaluated the expression of the lncRNA CR46018 in Drosophila. Our results showed that this lncRNA was significantly overexpressed after infection of Drosophila with Micrococcus luteus. A CR46018-overexpressing Drosophila strain was then constructed; we expected that CR46018 overexpression would enhance the expression of various antimicrobial peptides downstream of the Toll pathway, regardless of infection with M. luteus. RNA-seq analysis of CR46018-overexpressing Drosophila after infection with M. luteus showed that upregulated genes were mainly enriched in Toll and Imd signaling pathways. Moreover, bioinformatics predictions and RNA-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that CR46018 interacted with the transcription factors Dif and Dorsal to enhance the Toll pathway. During gram-positive bacterial infection, flies overexpressing CR46018 showed favorable survival compared with flies in the control group. Overall, our current work not only reveals a new immune regulatory factor, lncRNA-CR46018, and explores its potential regulatory model, but also provides a new perspective for the effect of immune disorders on the survival of Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Zhou
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, PR China.
| | - Jiajia Ni
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, PR China.
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, PR China.
| | - Fei Ma
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, PR China.
| | - Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, PR China.
| | - Shengjie Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, PR China.
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50
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Sirasoonthorn P, Kamiya K, Miura K. Antifungal roles of adult-specific cuticular protein genes of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 186:107674. [PMID: 34606828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The insect cuticle is a composite structure that can further be divided into a few sub-structural layers. Its large moiety comprises a lattice of chitin fibrils and structural proteins, both of which are stabilized by covalent bonding among them. The cuticle covers the whole surface of insect body, and thus has long been suggested for the involvement in defense against entomopathogens, especially entomopathogenic fungi that infect percutaneously. We have been addressing this issue in the past few years and have so far demonstrated experimentally that chitin synthase 1, laccase2 as well as benzoquinone synthesis-related genes of Tribolium castaneum have indispensable roles in the antifungal host defense. In the present study we focused on another major component of the insect cuticular integument, structural cuticular proteins. We chose three genes coding for adult-specific cuticular proteins, namely CPR4, CPR18 and CPR27, and examined their roles in forming immunologically sound adult cuticular integuments. Analyses of developmental expression revealed that the three genes showed high level expression in the pupal stage. These results are consistent with their proposed roles in constructing cuticle of adult beetles. The RNA interference-mediated gene knockdown was employed to silence these genes, and the administration of double strand RNAs in pupae resulted in the adults with malformed elytra. The single knockdown of the three genes attenuated somewhat the defense of the resulting adult beetles against Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, but statistical analyses indicated no significant differences from controls. In contrast, the double or triple knockdown mutant beetles displayed a drastic disruption of the host defense against the two entomopathogenic fungal species irrespective of the combination of targeted cuticular protein genes, demonstrating the important roles of the three cuticular protein genes in conferring robust antifungal properties on the adult cuticle. Scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that the germination of conidia attached on the adult body surface was still suppressed after the gene knockdown as in the case of wild-type beetles, suggesting that the weakened antifungal phenotypes resulted from the combined knockdown of the adult-specific cuticular protein genes could not be accounted for by the disfunction of secretion/retention of fungistatic benzoquinone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patchara Sirasoonthorn
- Applied Entomology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kamiya
- Applied Entomology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ken Miura
- Applied Entomology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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