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Gorbokon N, Baltruschat S, Lennartz M, Luebke AM, Höflmayer D, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Hinsch A, Fraune C, Lebok P, Bernreuther C, Sauter G, Marx AH, Simon R, Krech T, Clauditz TS, Jacobsen F, Burandt E, Steurer S, Minner S. PAX8 expression in cancerous and non-neoplastic tissue: a tissue microarray study on more than 17,000 tumors from 149 different tumor entities. Virchows Arch 2024:10.1007/s00428-024-03872-y. [PMID: 39105782 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-024-03872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
PAX8 plays a role in development of the thyroid, kidney, and the Wolffian and Mullerian tract. In surgical pathology, PAX8 immunohistochemistry is used to determine tumors of renal and ovarian origin, but data on its expression in other tumors are conflicting. To evaluate PAX8 expression in normal and tumor tissues, a tissue microarray containing 17,386 samples from 149 different tumor types and 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. PAX8 results were compared with previously collected data on cadherin 16 (CDH16). PAX8 positivity was found in 40 different tumor types. The highest rate of PAX8 positivity was found in thyroidal neoplasms of follicular origin (98.6-100%), gynecological carcinomas (up to 100%), renal tumors (82.6-97.8%), and urothelial neoplasms (2.3-23.7%). Important tumors with near complete absence of PAX8 staining (< 1%) included all subtypes of breast cancers, hepatocellular carcinomas, gastric, prostatic, pancreatic, and pulmonary adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine neoplasms, small cell carcinomas of various sites, and lymphomas. High PAX8 expression was associated with low tumor grade in 365 non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas (p < 0.0001) but unrelated to patient outcome and/or tumor phenotype in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, high-grade serous ovarian cancer, and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. For determining a renal tumor origin, sensitivity was 88.1% and specificity 87.2% for PAX8, while sensitivity was 85.3% and specificity 95.7% for CDH16. The combination of PAX8 and CDH16 increased specificity to 96.8%. In conclusion, PAX8 immunohistochemistry is a suitable diagnostic tool. The combination of PAX8 and CDH16 positivity has high specificity for renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Baltruschat
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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X Zhang G, Yang B. Retained PAX2 expression associated with DNA mismatch repair deficiency in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 2024. [PMID: 39075663 DOI: 10.1111/his.15281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Loss of expression of tumour suppressor PAX2 and MMR deficiency (dMMR) has been frequently seen in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEC). However, the relationship between PAX2 expression and MMR status is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the PAX2 expression and examined its association with MMR status at the protein and genetic levels in 180 cases of EEC. Overall, total loss of PAX2 expression was found in about 70%, while retained PAX2 expression was seen in 30% of EEC. Among 125 cases with loss of PAX2, 68.8% were found in EECs with pMMR, while 31.2% were seen in those with dMMR. Among 55 cases of EECs with retained PAX2 expression, 92.7% were EECs with dMMR and 7.3% were those with pMMR (P < 0.001). While dMMR cases with MLH1 hypermethylation show almost equal retained or loss of PAX2 expression (52% versus 48%), dMMR with genetic alterations had significantly more retained PAX2 expression than loss of PAX2 (92.3% versus 7.7%), regardless of somatic or germline mutations. Loss of PAX2 was observed in 97.3% of dMMR with MLH1 hypermethylation compared to 2.7% of dMMR with genetic alterations (P < 0.001). Aggressive features such as higher tumour grades (FIGO 2-3) and advanced clinical stage (T2-T4) were significantly more frequently seen in dMMR with retained PAX2 expression, compared those to pMMR with loss of PAX2 expression. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a close correlation between retained PAX2 expression and dMMR in EEC. The molecular mechanism and clinical significance linking these two pathways in EEC remains to be unravelled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria X Zhang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Zhou Q, Li H, Cheng Y, Ma X, Tang S, Tang C. Pax-8: Molecular biology, pathophysiology, and potential pathogenesis. Biofactors 2024; 50:408-421. [PMID: 37988248 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors, as the convergence points of multiple signaling pathways in eukaryotic cells, are closely involved in disease development. Pax-8, an important transcription factor belonging to the Pax family, exerts a crucial influence on the regulation of gene expression required for both physiological conditions and pathological processes. Pax-8 contributes to the pathogenesis of many human diseases, ranging from cardiovascular disease to many cancers, and therefore, it can be imagined that Pax-8 holds great therapeutic potential. In this review, we summarize the structure, distribution, function, and regulatory mechanisms of Pax-8 to provide a new research direction for Pax-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqiong Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shilin Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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4
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Tao F, Zhu H, Xu J, Guo Y, Wang X, Shao L, Pan D, Li G, Fang R. Prognostic value of PAX8 in small cell lung cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28251. [PMID: 38596099 PMCID: PMC11002052 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) shows poor prognosis since it metastasizes widely at early stage. Paired box gene (PAX) 8 is a transcriptional factor of PAX family, of which the expression in lung cancer is a controversial issue, and its prognostic value of PAX8 in SCLC is still unclear. Materials and methods Overall, 184 subjects who were pathologically diagnosed with SCLC were enrolled in the study. Immunohistochemical analysis of PAX8 and Ki-67 were performed. The correlations between PAX8 expression and clinical features or Ki-67 index were further analyzed. Subsequently, an analysis of the association between PAX8, stage, Ki-67 status, and overall survival (OS) were performed in 169 subjects with follow-up information. Results PAX8 was positive in 53.8% (99/184) SCLC specimens. The positive rate is significantly higher in extensive-stage specimens (61.0%) than in limited-stage specimens (45.24%). PAX8 expression is positively correlated with Ki-67 index (P = 0.001) while negatively correlated with OS (HR = 3.725, 95% CI 1.943-7.139, P<0.001). In combination groups, the PAX8 negative and limited stage group had the most promising OS. Conclusion PAX8 expression rate in SCLC specimens is not low. It has prognostic value in small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiayun Xu
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Lei Shao
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Deng Pan
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Guosheng Li
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Rong Fang
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
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5
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Shaker N, Chen W, Sinclair W, Parwani AV, Li Z. Identifying SOX17 as a Sensitive and Specific Marker for Ovarian and Endometrial Carcinomas. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100038. [PMID: 36788073 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Similar to PAX8, SOX17 was recently identified as a master transcription factor of ovarian cancer based on RNA sequencing data. We explored SOX17 utility in diagnosing ovarian tumors and other gynecologic tumors. We systematically evaluated SOX17 expression on tissue microarrays of 398 ovarian tumors of various types, 93 endometrial carcinomas, 80 cervical carcinomas, and 1371 nongynecologic carcinomas, such as those of kidney, thyroid, breast, colon, bladder, liver, bile duct, adrenal gland, pancreas, brain, and lung and malignant melanoma. In addition, we evaluated SOX17 expression in whole tissue sections from 60 gynecologic carcinomas and 10 angiosarcomas. The results demonstrated that SOX17 was highly expressed in most ovarian and endometrial tumors with strong intensity. However, unlike PAX8, it was predominately negative in other tested tumor types, including kidney and thyroid tumors. In particular, SOX17 was highly expressed in the following pathologic subtypes of ovarian tumors: serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, and germ cell tumors. SOX17 was mostly negative in mucinous carcinoma and sex cord stromal tumors. In addition, SOX17 was expressed in vascular endothelial cells and was positive in all tested angiosarcomas. In summary, our results demonstrate that SOX17 is a sensitive and specific marker for ovarian nonmucinous carcinomas and endometrial carcinomas. For ovarian germ cell tumors and angiosarcomas, SOX17 demonstrates higher specificity than PAX8, with comparable sensitivity. Furthermore, SOX17 positivity in endothelial cells serves as an internal positive control, making it an excellent marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Shaker
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - William Sinclair
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anil V Parwani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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Yang XC, Wu XL, Li WH, Wu XJ, Shen QY, Li YX, Peng S, Hua JL. OCT6 inhibits differentiation of porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells through MAPK and PI3K signaling regulation. Zool Res 2022; 43:911-922. [PMID: 36052561 PMCID: PMC9700490 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As a transcription factor of the Pit-Oct-Unc (POU) domain family, octamer-binding transcription factor 6 ( OCT6) participates in various aspects of stem cell development and differentiation. At present, however, its role in porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) remains unclear. Here, we explored the function of OCT6 in piPSCs. We found that piPSCs overexpressing OCT6 maintained colony morphology and pluripotency under differentiation conditions, with a similar gene expression pattern to that of non-differentiated piPSCs. Functional analysis revealed that OCT6 attenuated the adverse effects of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway inhibition on piPSC pluripotency by activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) signaling activity. Our research sheds new light on the mechanism by which OCT6 promotes PSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Chun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wen-Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yun-Xiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jin-Lian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
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7
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Di Palma T, Zannini M. PAX8 as a Potential Target for Ovarian Cancer: What We Know so Far. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1273-1280. [PMID: 36275185 PMCID: PMC9584354 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s361511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fallopian tube epithelium harbors the origin cells for the majority of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs), the most lethal form of gynecologic malignancies. PAX8 belongs to the paired-box gene family of transcription factors and it is a marker of the FTE secretory cell lineage. Its role has been investigated in migration, invasion, proliferation, cell survival, stem cell maintenance, angiogenesis and tumor growth. In this review, we focus on the pro-tumorigenic role of PAX8 in ovarian cancer; in this context, PAX8 possibly continues to exert its transcriptional activity on its physiological targets but may also function on newly available targets after the tumorigenic hits. Acquiring new insights into the different PAX8 mechanism(s) of action in the tumor microenvironment could uncover new viable therapeutic targets and thus improve the current treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Di Palma
- IEOS - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Mariastella Zannini
- IEOS - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council, Napoli, 80131, Italy,Correspondence: Mariastella Zannini, IEOS - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council, via S. Pansini 5, Napoli, 80131, Italy, Tel +39-081-5465530, Fax +39-081-2296674, Email
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8
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Clinicopathological Relevance of PAX8 Expression Patterns in Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092036. [PMID: 36140438 PMCID: PMC9497907 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor PAX8, expressed during embryonic kidney development, has been previously detected in various kidney tumors. In order to investigate expression of PAX8 transcription factor in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney diseases (CKD), immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Presence, location and extent of PAX8 expression were analyzed among 31 human kidney samples of AKI (25 autopsy cases, 5 kidney biopsies with unknown etiology and 1 AKI with confirmed myoglobin cast nephropathy), as well as in animals with induced postischemic AKI. Additionally, expression pattern was analyzed in 20 kidney biopsy samples of CKD. Our study demonstrates that various kidney diseases with chronic disease course that results in the formation of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, lead to PAX8 expression in the nuclei of proximal tubules. Furthermore, patients with PAX8 detected within the damaged proximal tubuli would be carefully monitored, since deterioration in kidney function was observed during follow-up. We also showed that myoglobin provoked acute kidney injury followed with large extent of renal damage, was associated with strong nuclear expression of PAX8 in proximal tubular cells. These results were supported and followed by data obtained in experimental model of induced postischemic acute kidney injury. Considering these findings, we can assume that PAX8 protein might be involved in regeneration process and recovery after acute kidney injury. Thus, accordingly, all investigation concerning PAX8 immunolabeling should be performed on biopsy samples of the living individuals.
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9
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The utility of PAX8 in comparison with PAX5 immunohistochemical staining in the diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2022; 60:151974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.151974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Alwosaibai K, Al‑Hujaily E, Alamri S, Ghandorah S, Garson K, Vanderhyden B. PAX2 induces vascular‑like structures in normal ovarian cells and ovarian cancer. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:412. [PMID: 35601066 PMCID: PMC9117948 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult tissue, the paired box 2 (PAX2) protein is expressed in healthy oviductal, but not normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. PAX2 is expressed in a subset of cases of serous ovarian carcinoma; however, the role of PAX2 in the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the biological effects of PAX2 expression in normal and cancerous epithelial cells. By culturing the normal and cancerous ovarian cells that express PAX2 in 3D culture and staining the cells with vasculogenic mimicry markers such as CD31 and PAS, it was shown that PAX2 overexpression in both normal and cancerous ovarian epithelial cells induced formation of vascular-like structures both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicated a potential role of PAX2 in ovarian cancer progression by increasing the presence of vascular-like structures to promote the supply of nutrients to tumor cells and facilitate cancer cell proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud Alwosaibai
- Biomedical Research Department, Research Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ensaf Al‑Hujaily
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Salmah Alamri
- Biomedical Research Department, Research Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Ghandorah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kenneth Garson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Barbara Vanderhyden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Akgul M, Williamson SR. Immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of renal epithelial neoplasms. Semin Diagn Pathol 2021; 39:1-16. [PMID: 34823973 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of newly identified renal neoplasms, the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can usually be reached with careful histologic examination and a limited immunohistochemical (IHC) panel. Clear cell, papillary, chromophobe RCC and oncocytoma account for more than 90% of renal neoplasia in adults, and sophisticated ancillary tools are usually unnecessary. Renal tumors with entity-defining genetic alterations may ultimately require molecular confirmation via cytogenetics or sequencing technologies, such as RCC with TFE3, TFEB, or ALK gene rearrangements, or TFEB amplified RCC. In fumarate hydratase-deficient and succinate dehydrogenase-deficient RCC, highly specific IHC markers can strongly suggest the diagnosis. In the metastatic setting, PAX8 and carbonic anhydrase 9 are among the most helpful markers for confirming RCC and clear cell type, respectively; however, caution should be exercised in the absence of a current or historical renal mass. In diagnostically challenging cases, such as renal eosinophilic tumors with low-grade nuclear features, or infiltrative high-grade tumors, careful examination coupled with a judicious panel of IHC markers usually resolves the diagnosis. This review offers concise algorithms for diagnosis of kidney neoplasia with the latest recognized, provisional, and emerging entities to daily pathology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Akgul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Sean R Williamson
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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12
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Gupta S, Butler SJ. Getting in touch with your senses: Mechanisms specifying sensory interneurons in the dorsal spinal cord. WIREs Mech Dis 2021; 13:e1520. [PMID: 34730293 PMCID: PMC8459260 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The spinal cord is functionally and anatomically divided into ventrally derived motor circuits and dorsally derived somatosensory circuits. Sensory stimuli originating either at the periphery of the body, or internally, are relayed to the dorsal spinal cord where they are processed by distinct classes of sensory dorsal interneurons (dIs). dIs convey sensory information, such as pain, heat or itch, either to the brain, and/or to the motor circuits to initiate the appropriate response. They also regulate the intensity of sensory information and are the major target for the opioid analgesics. While the developmental mechanisms directing ventral and dorsal cell fates have been hypothesized to be similar, more recent research has suggested that dI fates are specified by novel mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the molecular events that specify dorsal neuronal patterning in the spinal cord, thereby generating diverse dI identities. We will then discuss how this molecular understanding has led to the development of robust stem cell methods to derive multiple spinal cell types, including the dIs, and the implication of these studies for treating spinal cord injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Gupta
- Department of NeurobiologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Samantha J. Butler
- Department of NeurobiologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research CenterUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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13
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Nord H, Kahsay A, Dennhag N, Pedrosa Domellöf F, von Hofsten J. Genetic compensation between Pax3 and Pax7 in zebrafish appendicular muscle formation. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:1423-1438. [PMID: 34435397 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrating muscle progenitors delaminate from the somite and subsequently form muscle tissue in distant anatomical regions such as the paired appendages, or limbs. In amniotes, this process requires a signaling cascade including the transcription factor paired box 3 (Pax3). RESULTS In this study, we found that, unlike in mammals, pax3a/3b double mutant zebrafish develop near to normal appendicular muscle. By analyzing numerous mutant combinations of pax3a, pax3b and pax7a, and pax7b, we determined that there is a feedback system and a compensatory mechanism between Pax3 and Pax7 in this developmental process, even though Pax7 alone is not required for appendicular myogenesis. pax3a/3b/7a/7b quadruple mutant developed muscle-less pectoral fins. CONCLUSIONS We found that Pax3 and Pax7 are redundantly required during appendicular myogenesis in zebrafish, where Pax7 is able to activate the same developmental programs as Pax3 in the premigratory progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Nord
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Abraha Kahsay
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nils Dennhag
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fatima Pedrosa Domellöf
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas von Hofsten
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Khizer K, Padda J, Khedr A, Tasnim F, Al-Ewaidat OA, Patel V, Ismail D, Campos VYM, Jean-Charles G. Paired-Box Gene 8 (PAX8) and Its Association With Epithelial Carcinomas. Cureus 2021; 13:e17208. [PMID: 34540435 PMCID: PMC8441942 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second most common culprit of mortality in the United States and epithelial carcinomas are considered as one of the most predominant types of cancer. The association between epithelial cancers and paired-box gene 8 (PAX8) has been studied significantly before. PAX8 belongs to the paired-box gene family, which plays an important role in the organogenesis of different body organ systems, especially the thyroid gland, the renal system, and the Müllerian system. Immunohistochemical staining is being used to detect PAX8 expression in different epithelial cancers and differentiate them from PAX8-negative tumors. In follicular, papillary, and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, targeting the PAX8/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) fusion protein is being considered as a potential mechanism for therapy. Moreover, because of its high expression in primary ovarian cancers, PAX8 is being considered as a target for ovarian cancer treatment as well. More studies are needed to test the possibility of using PAX8 as a possible target for managing endometrial carcinomas. In this article, we review the functions of the PAX8 gene, how its mutations lead to the development of certain epithelial carcinomas, how it can be used as a diagnostic or a prognostic marker, and its potential as a therapeutic target for these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anwar Khedr
- Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA
| | | | | | - Vinay Patel
- Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA
| | - Dina Ismail
- Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA
| | | | - Gutteridge Jean-Charles
- Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA
- Internal Medicine, AdventHealth Orlando Hospital, Orlando, USA
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15
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Hanbazazh M, Barrantes PC, DeVience E, Rana BA, Jadhav N, Gyure K, Grossniklaus HE, Thuro BA, Henneberry J, Milman T, Eagle RC, Shields CL, Shields JA, Dryja TP. Overlapping Immunohistochemical Features of Adenocarcinoma of the Nonpigmented Ciliary Body Epithelium and Renal Cell Carcinoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 226:191-200. [PMID: 33529584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To find immunohistochemical markers that distinguish adenocarcinoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (NPCE) from metastatic carcinoma, especially metastatic renal cell carcinoma. DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Three cases of adenocarcinoma of the NPCE were examined histologically with hematoxylin-eosin stain and immunohistochemical stains including vimentin, AE1/AE3, Cam 5.2, CK7, PAX2, PAX8, AMACR, and CAIX. We also reviewed previously reported cases of this tumor. RESULTS We found that the immunohistochemical profile of adenocarcinoma of the NPCE can overlap with renal cell carcinoma. Both tumors can express vimentin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, Cam 5.2, PAX2, PAX8, and AMACR. One of the adenocarcinomas of the NPCE in our series also expressed CD10 and the renal cell carcinoma marker (RCC Ma). Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) was not detected in any of the 3 tumors. CONCLUSIONS Adenocarcinomas arising in phthisic eyes can be diagnostically challenging. We have found it particularly difficult to distinguish adenocarcinoma of the NPCE from metastatic carcinoma, especially metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma. Because of the immunophenotypic overlap, most patients will require systemic workup including imaging of the kidneys to be certain of the diagnosis.
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16
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Jia Y, Liu Y, Han Z, Tian R. Identification of potential gene signatures associated with osteosarcoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11496. [PMID: 34123594 PMCID: PMC8164836 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most primary malignant bone cancer in children and adolescents with a high mortality rate. This work aims to screen novel potential gene signatures associated with OS by integrated microarray analysis of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Material and Methods The OS microarray datasets were searched and downloaded from GEO database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OS and normal samples. Afterwards, the functional enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and transcription factor (TF)-target gene regulatory network were applied to uncover the biological function of DEGs. Finally, two published OS datasets (GSE39262 and GSE126209) were obtained from GEO database for evaluating the expression level and diagnostic values of key genes. Results In total 1,059 DEGs (569 up-regulated DEGs and 490 down-regulated DEGs) between OS and normal samples were screened. Functional analysis showed that these DEGs were markedly enriched in 214 GO terms and 54 KEGG pathways such as pathways in cancer. Five genes (CAMP, METTL7A, TCN1, LTF and CXCL12) acted as hub genes in PPI network. Besides, METTL7A, CYP4F3, TCN1, LTF and NETO2 were key genes in TF-gene network. Moreover, Pax-6 regulated four key genes (TCN1, CYP4F3, NETO2 and CXCL12). The expression levels of four genes (METTL7A, TCN1, CXCL12 and NETO2) in GSE39262 set were consistent with our integration analysis. The expression levels of two genes (CXCL12 and NETO2) in GSE126209 set were consistent with our integration analysis. ROC analysis of GSE39262 set revealed that CYP4F3, CXCL12, METTL7A, TCN1 and NETO2 had good diagnostic values for OS patients. ROC analysis of GSE126209 set revealed that CXCL12, METTL7A, TCN1 and NETO2 had good diagnostic values for OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Jia
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihua Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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17
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Tian W, Zhu XR, Qiao CY, Ma YN, Yang FY, Zhou Z, Feng JP, Sun R, Xie RR, Lu J, Cao X, Zhou JB, Yang JK. Heterozygous PAX6 mutations may lead to hyper-proinsulinaemia and glucose intolerance: A case-control study in families with congenital aniridia. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14456. [PMID: 33169869 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM PAX6 is a transcription factor involved in embryonic development of many organs, including the eyes and the pancreas. Mutations of PAX6 gene is the main cause of a rare disease, congenital aniridia (CA). This case-control study aims to investigate the effects of PAX6 mutations on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in families with CA. METHODS In all, 21 families with CA were screened by Sanger sequencing. Patients with PAX6 mutations and CA (cases) and age-matched healthy family members (controls) were enrolled. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to detect diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Insulin and proinsulin secretion were evaluated. RESULTS Among 21 CA families, heterozygous PAX6 mutations were detected in five families. Among cases (n = 10) from the five families, two were diagnosed with newly identified diabetes and another two were diagnosed with IGT. Among controls (n = 12), two had IGT. The levels of haemoglobin A1c were 36 ± 4 mmol/mol (5.57 ± 0.46%) and 32 ± 5 mmol/L (5.21 ± 0.54%) in the cases and the controls, respectively (p = 0.049). More importantly, levels of proinsulin in the cases were significantly higher than that of the controls, despite similar levels of total insulin. The areas under the curve of proinsulin in the cases (6425 ± 4390) were significantly higher than that of the controls (3709 ± 1769) (p = 0.032). CONCLUSION PAX6 may participate in the production of proinsulin to insulin and heterozygous PAX6 mutations may be associated with glucose metabolism in CA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Qiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Nan Ma
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Mathematics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Rong Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
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18
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Gokulnath P, Soriano AA, de Cristofaro T, Di Palma T, Zannini M. PAX8, an Emerging Player in Ovarian Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1330:95-112. [PMID: 34339032 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73359-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian Cancer is one of the most lethal and widespread gynecological malignancies. It is the seventh leading cause of all cancer deaths worldwide. High-Grade Serous Cancer (HGSC), the most commonly occurring subtype, alone contributes to 70% of all ovarian cancer deaths. This is mainly attributed to the complete lack of symptoms during the early stages of the disease and absence of an early diagnostic marker.PAX8 is emerging as an important histological marker for most of the epithelial ovarian cancers, as it is expressed in about 90% of malignant ovarian cancers, specifically in HGSC. PAX8 is a member of the Paired-Box gene family (PAX1-9) of transcription factors whose expression is tightly controlled temporally and spatially. The PAX genes are well known for their role in embryonic development and their expression continues to persist in some adult tissues. PAX8 is required for the normal development of Müllerian duct that includes Fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, and upper part of vagina. In adults, it is expressed in the Fallopian tube and uterine epithelium and not in the ovarian epithelium. Considering the recent studies that predict the events preceding the tumorigenesis of HGSC from the Fallopian tube, PAX8 appears to have an important role in the development of ovarian cancer.In this chapter, we review some of the published findings to highlight the significance of PAX8 as an important marker and an emerging player in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. We also discuss regarding the future perspectives of PAX8 wherein it could contribute to the betterment of ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gokulnath
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' (IEOS) - CNR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Amata Amy Soriano
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' (IEOS) - CNR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana de Cristofaro
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' (IEOS) - CNR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Tina Di Palma
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' (IEOS) - CNR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariastella Zannini
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' (IEOS) - CNR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
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19
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Arakawa T, Fukuda S, Hirata T, Neriishi K, Wang Y, Takeuchi A, Saeki A, Harada M, Hirota Y, Matsumoto T, Koga K, Wada-Hiraike O, Kurihara M, Fujii T, Osuga Y. PAX8: A Highly Sensitive Marker for the Glands in Extragenital Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1580-1586. [PMID: 32430717 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In cases of extragenital endometriosis or microscopic endometriosis lesions, pathological diagnosis can be challenging because endometriotic stroma and glands represent only a minor component of fibrotic endometriotic lesions. For better accuracy of diagnosis, the development of a sensitive and specific epithelial marker is beneficial. Previous studies showed that PAX8 is a highly sensitive and specific marker for primary and metastatic Mullerian epithelial tumors. Therefore, we sought to examine whether PAX8 is a highly sensitive marker for glands in extragenital endometriosis. Eight and 47 samples of ovarian endometrioma and extragenital endometriosis, respectively, were evaluated in this study. We calculated the percentage of samples positively immunostained for PAX8, CD10, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR). PAX8 was positive for endometriotic epithelial cells in 95.7% (45/47) of extragenital endometrioses and in 100% (8/8) of ovarian endometrioses. CD10 was positive for endometriotic stromal cells in 97.9% (46/47) of extragenital endometrioses. PAX8 was strongly positive for glands, even in a CD10-negative case. The expression of PAX8, CD10, and PR was not affected by preoperative hormonal therapy, and the positive rate of ER staining was significantly reduced by preoperative hormonal therapy. In conclusion, PAX8 is a highly sensitive epithelial marker for extragenital endometriosis. This specific expression was maintained under hormonal therapy. It is noteworthy that extragenital endometriosis maintains the expression of this lineage marker, although it occurs at various sites, and its cause and mechanism of development might be different. PAX8 nuclear expression can be useful in detecting extragenital endometriosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Arakawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Neriishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Arisa Takeuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ai Saeki
- Department of Gynecology, Osaka Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hirota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | | | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kurihara
- Pneumothorax Research Center and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Nissan Tamagawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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20
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Buchanan SM, Price FD, Castiglioni A, Gee AW, Schneider J, Matyas MN, Hayhurst M, Tabebordbar M, Wagers AJ, Rubin LL. Pro-myogenic small molecules revealed by a chemical screen on primary muscle stem cells. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:28. [PMID: 33036659 PMCID: PMC7547525 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells are the canonical muscle stem cells that regenerate damaged skeletal muscle. Loss of function of these cells has been linked to reduced muscle repair capacity and compromised muscle health in acute muscle injury and congenital neuromuscular diseases. To identify new pathways that can prevent loss of skeletal muscle function or enhance regenerative potential, we established an imaging-based screen capable of identifying small molecules that promote the expansion of freshly isolated satellite cells. We found several classes of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors that increased freshly isolated satellite cell numbers in vitro. Further exploration of one of these compounds, the RTK inhibitor CEP-701 (also known as lestaurtinib), revealed potent activity on mouse satellite cells both in vitro and in vivo. This expansion potential was not seen upon exposure of proliferating committed myoblasts or non-myogenic fibroblasts to CEP-701. When delivered subcutaneously to acutely injured animals, CEP-701 increased both the total number of satellite cells and the rate of muscle repair, as revealed by an increased cross-sectional area of regenerating fibers. Moreover, freshly isolated satellite cells expanded ex vivo in the presence of CEP-701 displayed enhanced muscle engraftment potential upon in vivo transplantation. We provide compelling evidence that certain RTKs, and in particular RET, regulate satellite cell expansion during muscle regeneration. This study demonstrates the power of small molecule screens of even rare adult stem cell populations for identifying stem cell-targeting compounds with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Buchanan
- Harvard University Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Feodor D Price
- Harvard University Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Alessandra Castiglioni
- Harvard University Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Cancer Immunology Department, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Amanda Wagner Gee
- Harvard University Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Joel Schneider
- Harvard University Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mark N Matyas
- Harvard University Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Monica Hayhurst
- Harvard University Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mohammadsharif Tabebordbar
- Harvard University Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Harvard University Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Harvard University Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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21
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Pax2a is expressed in oocytes and is responsible for early development and oogenesis in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:592-599. [PMID: 32981680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Eleven genes, including pax2a, were selected as candidate ovulation-inducing genes on the basis of microarray analysis and RNA sequencing in our previous study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the pax2a gene in the ovulation-inducing process. F2 pax2a homozygous mutant zebrafish possessing a deletion of 6 nucleotides were established in this study. However, the deletion included the start codon (ATG) of the pax2a gene, and the Pax2a protein was still detected, which indicated that the deletion caused a shift in the start codon to the next ATG, resulting in a 12-amino acid deletion. F2 pax2a homozygous mutant zebrafish showed ovulation. However, the embryos showed an abnormal oval shape at the epiboly stage that resulted in yolk and tail formation abnormalities and heart edema. The surviving F3 homozygous mutants did not develop ovaries. Pax2a was detected in oocytes and eggs but not after the Prim-22 stage. It is suggested that pax2a is expressed as a maternal gene in oocytes and is necessary for oogenesis and early development.
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22
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Ali ET, Mohamed NS, Shafig IR, Muneer MS, Yosif AA, Hassan LA, Mohamed AM, Ahmed A, Siddig EE. Immunohistochemical expression of PAX-8 in Sudanese patients diagnosed with malignant female reproductive tract tumors. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:396. [PMID: 32847623 PMCID: PMC7449036 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Paired box protein-8 (PAX-8) immunohistochemical expression can be used as a diagnostic marker for epithelial cells tumors. This study aimed at investigating the immunohistochemical expression of PAX-8 among Sudanese females diagnosed with cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers between December 2017 and May 2019 by studying their Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks. Results Sixty patients diagnosed with female reproductive tract cancers were included who aged 58.7 ± 6.9 years (range, 43—71). Cervix was the most common cancer site in 51/60 (85%) patients. Regarding cancer stage, there was 17 (28%) and 14 (23%) of the study population had stage 3B and 2B, respectively. The histopathological diagnosis included 20 (44%), 13 (29%), and 12 (27%) poorly, moderately, and well differentiated cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as well as 11 (73%), 2 (13%), 1 (7%), and 1 (7%) endometrial adenocarcinoma, metastatic adenocarcinoma, endocervical adenocarcinoma, and ovarian mucinous cyst adenocarcinoma, respectively. PAX-8 was positively expressed in 9 endometrial adenocarcinoma, 1 endocervical adenocarcinoma and 1 ovarian mucinous cyst adenocarcinoma, 2 poorly, and 1 moderately differentiated SCC. All patients diagnosed with well differentiated SCC and metastatic adenocarcinoma showed no expression of PAX-8. A statistically significant was seen for PAX-8 expression and the different histopathological diagnosis, P value < 0.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman T Ali
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nouh S Mohamed
- Alfarrabi College for Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan. .,Faculty of Medicine, Sinnar University, Sennar, Sudan. .,Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nile University, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Irene R Shafig
- Faculty of Dentistry, Ibn Sina University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed S Muneer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | | | - Ayman Ahmed
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Emmanuel E Siddig
- Alfarrabi College for Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.,Mycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Faculty of Medicine, Nile University, Khartoum, Sudan
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York JR, Yuan T, McCauley DW. Evolutionary and Developmental Associations of Neural Crest and Placodes in the Vertebrate Head: Insights From Jawless Vertebrates. Front Physiol 2020; 11:986. [PMID: 32903576 PMCID: PMC7438564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest and placodes are key innovations of the vertebrate clade. These cells arise within the dorsal ectoderm of all vertebrate embryos and have the developmental potential to form many of the morphological novelties within the vertebrate head. Each cell population has its own distinct developmental features and generates unique cell types. However, it is essential that neural crest and placodes associate together throughout embryonic development to coordinate the emergence of several features in the head, including almost all of the cranial peripheral sensory nervous system and organs of special sense. Despite the significance of this developmental feat, its evolutionary origins have remained unclear, owing largely to the fact that there has been little comparative (evolutionary) work done on this topic between the jawed vertebrates and cyclostomes—the jawless lampreys and hagfishes. In this review, we briefly summarize the developmental mechanisms and genetics of neural crest and placodes in both jawed and jawless vertebrates. We then discuss recent studies on the role of neural crest and placodes—and their developmental association—in the head of lamprey embryos, and how comparisons with jawed vertebrates can provide insights into the causes and consequences of this event in early vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R York
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Tian Yuan
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - David W McCauley
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
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Xu J, Zhang Y, You S, Guo Y, Chen S, Chang Y, Zhang N, Sun Y. Paired box 9 regulates VSMC phenotypic transformation, proliferation, and migration via sonic hedgehog. Life Sci 2020; 257:118053. [PMID: 32634424 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a crucial role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Paired box 9 (Pax9) is a member of the Pax gene family which participates in the development of various tissues and organs. However, the effect of Pax9 on atherosclerosis and VSMCs and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. MAIN METHODS Western blotting was performed to assess Pax9 expression in atherosclerosis and VSMCs. Pax9 siRNA and overexpression plasmid were constructed to explore the biological function. Cell proliferation assay, phalloidin staining, and Transwell assay, accompanied by the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway antagonist, cyclopamine (5 μM) and agonist, SAG (100 nM), were used to evaluate the VSMC phenotype, proliferation, and migration, as well as explore the associated mechanisms. KEY FINDINGS We first discovered Pax9 to be significantly increased in atherosclerotic mice and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced VSMCs. Pax9 knockdown inhibited the phenotypic transformation, proliferation, and migration of VSMCs, whereas the opposite effect was observed when Pax9 was overexpressed. Next, we established that Shh was activated in PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs. Moreover, Pax9 overexpression further activated Shh and exacerbated the phenotypic transformation, proliferation, and migration of PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs. These changes were effectively inhibited by treatment with the Shh signaling pathway antagonist. Consistently, Pax9 knockdown down-regulated Shh expression and inhibited the phenotypic transformation, proliferation, and migration of PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs. Treatment with the Shh signaling pathway agonist prevented these changes. SIGNIFICANCE Pax9 regulated VSMC phenotypic transformation, proliferation, and migration via Shh, which may represent a novel target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shilong You
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ye Chang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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Daou R, Beißbarth T, Wingender E, Gültas M, Haubrock M. Constructing temporal regulatory cascades in the context of development and cell differentiation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231326. [PMID: 32275727 PMCID: PMC7147753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell differentiation is a complex process orchestrated by sets of regulators precisely appearing at certain time points, resulting in regulatory cascades that affect the expression of broader sets of genes, ending up in the formation of different tissues and organ parts. The identification of stage-specific master regulators and the mechanism by which they activate each other is a key to understanding and controlling differentiation, particularly in the fields of tissue regeneration and organoid engineering. Here we present a workflow that combines a comprehensive general regulatory network based on binding site predictions with user-provided temporal gene expression data, to generate a a temporally connected series of stage-specific regulatory networks, which we call a temporal regulatory cascade (TRC). A TRC identifies those regulators that are unique for each time point, resulting in a cascade that shows the emergence of these regulators and regulatory interactions across time. The model was implemented in the form of a user-friendly, visual web-tool, that requires no expert knowledge in programming or statistics, making it directly usable for life scientists. In addition to generating TRCs the tool links multiple interactive visual workflows, in which a user can track and investigate further different regulators, target genes, and interactions, directing the tool along the way into biologically sensible results based on the given dataset. We applied the TRC model on two different expression datasets, one based on experiments conducted on human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) undergoing differentiation into mature cardiomyocytes and the other based on the differentiation of H1-derived human neuronal precursor cells. The model was successful in identifying previously known and new potential key regulators, in addition to the particular time points with which these regulators are associated, in cardiac and neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Daou
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Edgar Wingender
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Science, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Martin Haubrock
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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26
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Soriano AA, de Cristofaro T, Di Palma T, Dotolo S, Gokulnath P, Izzo A, Calì G, Facchiano A, Zannini M. PAX8 expression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer positively regulates attachment to ECM via Integrin β3. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:303. [PMID: 31832016 PMCID: PMC6865034 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the third most common cause of death among gynecologic malignancies worldwide. Understanding the biology and molecular pathogenesis of ovarian epithelial tumors is key to developing improved prognostic indicators and effective therapies. We aimed to determine the effects of PAX8 expression on the migrative, adhesive and survival capabilities of high-grade serous carcinoma cells. Methods PAX8 depleted Fallopian tube secretory cells and ovarian cancer cells were generated using short interfering siRNA. Anoikis resistance, cell migration and adhesion properties of PAX8 silenced cells were analyzed by means of specific assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was carried out using a PAX8 polyclonal antibody to demonstrate that PAX8 is able to bind to the 5′-flanking region of the ITGB3 gene positively regulating its expression. Results Here, we report that RNAi silencing of PAX8 sensitizes non-adherent cancer cells to anoikis and affects their tumorigenic properties. We show that PAX8 plays a critical role in migration and adhesion of both Fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells and ovarian cancer cells. Inhibition of PAX8 gene expression reduces the ability of ovarian cancer cells to migrate and adhere to the ECM and specifically to fibronectin and/or collagen substrates. Moreover, loss of PAX8 strongly reduces ITGB3 expression and consequently the correct expression of the αvβ3 heterodimer on the plasma membrane. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that PAX8 modulates the interaction of tumor cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Notably, we also highlight a novel pathway downstream this transcription factor. Overall, PAX8 could be a potential therapeutic target for high-grade serous carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amata Amy Soriano
- 1IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G, Salvatore'-National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,2Dpt. of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,3Present Address: IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Cancer Stem Cells Unit, ISReMIT, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Tiziana de Cristofaro
- 1IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G, Salvatore'-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Tina Di Palma
- 1IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G, Salvatore'-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Dotolo
- 4ISA, Institute of Food Science-National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- 1IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G, Salvatore'-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Izzo
- 2Dpt. of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Calì
- 1IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G, Salvatore'-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Facchiano
- 4ISA, Institute of Food Science-National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Mariastella Zannini
- 1IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G, Salvatore'-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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27
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Liu F, Wang L, Fu JL, Xiao Y, Gong X, Liu Y, Nie Q, Xiang JW, Yang L, Chen Z, Liu Y, Li DWC. Analysis of Non-Sumoylated and Sumoylated Isoforms of Pax-6, the Master Regulator for Eye and Brain Development in Ocular Cell Lines. Curr Mol Med 2019; 18:566-573. [PMID: 30636604 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190111153310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pax-6 is a master regulator for eye and brain development. Previous studies including ours have shown that Pax-6 exists in 4 major isoforms. According to their sizes, they are named p48, p46, p43 and p32 with the corresponding molecular weight of 48, 46, 43 and 32 kd, respectively. While p48 and p46 is derived from alternative splicing, p32 Pax-6 is generated through an internal translation initiation site. As for 43 kd Pax-6, two resources have been reported. In bird, it was found that an alternative splicing can generate a p43 Pax-6. In human and mouse, we reported that the p43 kd Pax-6 is derived from sumoylation: addition of a 11 kd polypeptide SUMO1 into the p32 Pax-6 at the K91 residue. Whether other Pax-6 isoforms can be sumoylated or not remains to be explored. METHODS The 5 major ocular cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) or rabbit serum (RBS) and 1% Penicillin- Streptomycin. The mRNA levels were analysed with qRT-PCR. The protein levels were determined with western blot analysis and quantitated with Image J. RESULTS Both non-sumoylated and sumoylated isoforms of Pax-6 exist in 6 major types of ocular cells among which five are lens epithelial cells, and one is retinal pigment epithelial cell. Our results revealed that the most abundant isoforms of Pax-6 are the p32 and p46 Pax-6. These two major isoforms can be sumoylated to generate p43 (mono-sumoylated p32 Pax-6), p57 and p68 Pax-6 (mono- and di-sumoylated p46 Pax-6). In addition, the splicing-generated p48 Pax-6 is also readily detected. CONCLUSION Our results for the first time, have determined the relative isoform abundance and also the sumoylation patterns of pax-6 in 6 major ocular cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Ling Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Jia-Ling Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Xiaodong Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Qian Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Jia-Wen Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Lan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
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28
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Unexpected PAX8 Immunoreactivity in Metastatic High-grade Breast Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 27:637-643. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Phillips HM, Stothard CA, Shaikh Qureshi WM, Kousa AI, Briones-Leon JA, Khasawneh RR, O'Loughlin C, Sanders R, Mazzotta S, Dodds R, Seidel K, Bates T, Nakatomi M, Cockell SJ, Schneider JE, Mohun TJ, Maehr R, Kist R, Peters H, Bamforth SD. Pax9 is required for cardiovascular development and interacts with Tbx1 in the pharyngeal endoderm to control 4th pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis. Development 2019; 146:dev.177618. [PMID: 31444215 PMCID: PMC6765178 DOI: 10.1242/dev.177618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Developmental defects affecting the heart and aortic arch arteries are a significant phenotype observed in individuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome and are caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 22q11. TBX1, one of the deleted genes, is expressed throughout the pharyngeal arches and is considered a key gene, when mutated, for the arch artery defects. Pax9 is expressed in the pharyngeal endoderm and is downregulated in Tbx1 mutant mice. We show here that Pax9-deficient mice are born with complex cardiovascular malformations that affect the outflow tract and aortic arch arteries with failure of the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch arteries to form correctly. Transcriptome analysis indicated that Pax9 and Tbx1 may function together, and mice double heterozygous for Tbx1/Pax9 presented with a significantly increased incidence of interrupted aortic arch when compared with Tbx1 heterozygous mice. Using a novel Pax9Cre allele, we demonstrated that the site of this Tbx1-Pax9 genetic interaction is the pharyngeal endoderm, therefore revealing that a Tbx1-Pax9-controlled signalling mechanism emanating from the pharyngeal endoderm is required for crucial tissue interactions during normal morphogenesis of the pharyngeal arch artery system. Summary: A strong genetic interaction between Tbx1 and Pax9 that leads to 4th PAA-derived defects in double heterozygous mice is cell-autonomous within the pharyngeal endoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Phillips
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Catherine A Stothard
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ramada R Khasawneh
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Chloe O'Loughlin
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rachel Sanders
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Silvia Mazzotta
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rebecca Dodds
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Kerstin Seidel
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Timothy Bates
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4BW, UK
| | - Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Simon J Cockell
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | | | - René Maehr
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ralf Kist
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK.,School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4BW, UK
| | - Heiko Peters
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Simon D Bamforth
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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30
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Mio C, Grani G, Durante C, Damante G. Molecular defects in thyroid dysgenesis. Clin Genet 2019; 97:222-231. [PMID: 31432505 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a neonatal endocrine disorder that might occur as itself or be associated to congenital extra-thyroidal defects. About 85% of affected subjects experience thyroid dysgenesis (TD), characterized by defect in thyroid gland development. In vivo experiments on null mice paved the way for the identification of genes involved thyroid morphogenesis and development, whose mutation has been strongly associated to TD. Most of them are thyroid-specific transcription factors expressed during early thyroid development. Despite the arduous effort in unraveling the genetics of TD in animal models, up to now these data have been discontinuously confirmed in humans and only 5% of TD have associated with known null mice-related mutations (mainly PAX8 and TSHR). Notwithstanding, the advance in genetic testing represented by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach is steadily increasing the list of genes whose highly penetrant mutation predisposes to TD. In this review we intend to outline the molecular bases of TD, summarizing the current knowledge on thyroid development in both mice and humans and delineating the genetic features of its monogenetic forms. We will also highlight current strategies to enhance the insight into the non-Mendelian mechanisms of abnormal thyroid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Mio
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grani
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Academic Hospital "Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine", Udine, Italy
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31
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Klann M, Seaver EC. Functional role of pax6 during eye and nervous system development in the annelid Capitella teleta. Dev Biol 2019; 456:86-103. [PMID: 31445008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Pax6 is an important regulator of early animal development. Loss of function mutations of pax6 in a range of animals result in a reduction or complete loss of the eye, a reduction of a subset of neurons, and defects in axon growth. There are no studies focusing on the role of pax6 during development of any lophotrochozoan representative, however, expression of pax6 in the developing eye and nervous system in a number of species suggest that pax6 plays a highly conserved role in eye and nervous system formation. We investigated the functional role of pax6 during development of the marine annelid Capitella teleta. Expression of pax6 transcripts in C. teleta larvae is similar to patterns found in other animals, with distinct subdomains in the brain and ventral nerve cord as well as in the larval and juvenile eye. To perturb pax6 function, two different splice-blocking morpholinos and a translation-blocking morpholino were used. Larvae resulting from microinjections with either splice-blocking morpholino show a reduction of the pax6 transcript. Development of both the larval eyes and the central nervous system architecture are highly disrupted following microinjection of each of the three morpholinos. The less severe phenotype observed when only the homeodomain is disrupted suggests that presence of the paired domain is sufficient for partial function of the Pax6 protein. Preliminary downstream target analysis confirms disruption in expression of some components of the retinal gene regulatory network, as well as disruption of genes involved in nervous system development. Results from this study, taken together with studies from other species, reveal an evolutionarily conserved role for pax6 in eye and neural specification and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Klann
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd, St. Augustine, Fl, 32080, USA
| | - Elaine C Seaver
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd, St. Augustine, Fl, 32080, USA.
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32
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Li H, Jones KL, Hooper JE, Williams T. The molecular anatomy of mammalian upper lip and primary palate fusion at single cell resolution. Development 2019; 146:dev.174888. [PMID: 31118233 DOI: 10.1242/dev.174888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian lip and primary palate form when coordinated growth and morphogenesis bring the nasal and maxillary processes into contact, and the epithelia co-mingle, remodel and clear from the fusion site to allow mesenchyme continuity. Although several genes required for fusion have been identified, an integrated molecular and cellular description of the overall process is lacking. Here, we employ single cell RNA sequencing of the developing mouse face to identify ectodermal, mesenchymal and endothelial populations associated with patterning and fusion of the facial prominences. This analysis indicates that key cell populations at the fusion site exist within the periderm, basal epithelial cells and adjacent mesenchyme. We describe the expression profiles that make each population unique, and the signals that potentially integrate their behaviour. Overall, these data provide a comprehensive high-resolution description of the various cell populations participating in fusion of the lip and primary palate, as well as formation of the nasolacrimal groove, and they furnish a powerful resource for those investigating the molecular genetics of facial development and facial clefting that can be mined for crucial mechanistic information concerning this prevalent human birth defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joan E Hooper
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Trevor Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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33
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PAX8 Expression in Solitary Fibrous Tumor: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 27:195-202. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Arakawa T, Fukuda S, Hirata T, Neriishi K, Wang Y, Takeuchi A, Saeki A, Harada M, Hirota Y, Matsumoto T, Koga K, Wada-Hiraike O, Kurihara M, Fujii T, Osuga Y. PAX8: A Highly Sensitive Marker for the Glands in Extragenital Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2019:1933719119828095. [PMID: 30764713 DOI: 10.1177/1933719119828095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In cases of extragenital endometriosis or microscopic endometriosis lesions, pathological diagnosis can be challenging because endometriotic stroma and glands represent only a minor component of fibrotic endometriotic lesions. For better accuracy of diagnosis, the development of a sensitive and specific epithelial marker is beneficial. Previous studies showed that PAX8 is a highly sensitive and specific marker for primary and metastatic Mullerian epithelial tumors. Therefore, we sought to examine whether PAX8 is a highly sensitive marker for glands in extragenital endometriosis. Eight and 47 samples of ovarian endometrioma and extragenital endometriosis, respectively, were evaluated in this study. We calculated the percentage of samples positively immunostained for PAX8, CD10, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR). PAX8 was positive for endometriotic epithelial cells in 95.7% (45/47) of extragenital endometrioses and in 100% (8/8) of ovarian endometrioses. CD10 was positive for endometriotic stromal cells in 97.9% (46/47) of extragenital endometrioses. PAX8 was strongly positive for glands, even in a CD10-negative case. The expression of PAX8, CD10, and PR was not affected by preoperative hormonal therapy, and the positive rate of ER staining was significantly reduced by preoperative hormonal therapy. In conclusion, PAX8 is a highly sensitive epithelial marker for extragenital endometriosis. This specific expression was maintained under hormonal therapy. It is noteworthy that extragenital endometriosis maintains the expression of this lineage marker, although it occurs at various sites, and its cause and mechanism of development might be different. PAX8 nuclear expression can be useful in detecting extragenital endometriosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Arakawa
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukuda
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Neriishi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Wang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arisa Takeuchi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Saeki
- 2 Department of Gynecology, Osaka Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hirota
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kaori Koga
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kurihara
- 3 Pneumothorax Research Center and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Nissan Tamagawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Gasparri P, Roncati L. Paired Box Gene 8 (Pax8) Is also an Immunomarker of B-Cell Lineage Which Can Be Source of Diagnostic Pitfalls. Chonnam Med J 2019; 55:70-72. [PMID: 30740347 PMCID: PMC6351321 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2019.55.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gasparri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Roncati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
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Diagnostic Utility of Pax8, Pax2, and NGFR Immunohistochemical Expression in Pediatric Renal Tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:721-726. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Xing D, Banet N, Sharma R, Vang R, Ronnett BM, Illei PB. Aberrant Pax-8 expression in well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma and malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum: a clinicopathologic study. Hum Pathol 2018; 72:160-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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38
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The axolotl genome and the evolution of key tissue formation regulators. Nature 2018; 554:50-55. [PMID: 29364872 DOI: 10.1038/nature25458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Salamanders serve as important tetrapod models for developmental, regeneration and evolutionary studies. An extensive molecular toolkit makes the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) a key representative salamander for molecular investigations. Here we report the sequencing and assembly of the 32-gigabase-pair axolotl genome using an approach that combined long-read sequencing, optical mapping and development of a new genome assembler (MARVEL). We observed a size expansion of introns and intergenic regions, largely attributable to multiplication of long terminal repeat retroelements. We provide evidence that intron size in developmental genes is under constraint and that species-restricted genes may contribute to limb regeneration. The axolotl genome assembly does not contain the essential developmental gene Pax3. However, mutation of the axolotl Pax3 paralogue Pax7 resulted in an axolotl phenotype that was similar to those seen in Pax3-/- and Pax7-/- mutant mice. The axolotl genome provides a rich biological resource for developmental and evolutionary studies.
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Abstract
PAX8 is important for embryogenesis of the thyroid, Müllerian system, and upper urinary/renal tract, and expression of PAX8 has been described in carcinomas from each of these sites. The sensitivity and specificity of the polyclonal PAX8 antibody in a large cohort of epithelial tumors as well as lymphomas have been previously determined, the latter because polyclonal PAX8 is known to be immunoreactive in nonneoplastic B-cell lymphocytes which are often used as the positive internal control for immunohistochemistry. In this case report, PAX8 was a diagnostic clue for revising a previous diagnosis of unclassified high grade sarcoma to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This case report demonstrates a pitfall for PAX8 immunoreactivity and acts as a reminder that lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a PAX8 positive, epithelial cell marker negative tumor of unknown primary origin.
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40
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Abstract
Developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland, defined as thyroid dysgenesis, underlie the majority of cases of congenital hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysgenesis is predominantly a sporadic disorder although a reported familial enrichment, variation of incidence by ethnicity and the monogenic defects associated mainly with athyreosis or orthotopic thyroid hypoplasia, suggest a genetic contribution. Of note, the most common developmental anomaly, thyroid ectopy, remains unexplained. Ectopy may result from multiple genetic or epigenetic variants in the germline and/or at the somatic level. This review provides a brief overview of the monogenic defects in candidate genes that have been identified so far and of the syndromes which are known to be associated with thyroid dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Stéphanie Larrivée-Vanier
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Jonathan D Wasserman
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Johnny Deladoëy
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.
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41
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Kowalski K, Archacki R, Archacka K, Stremińska W, Paciorek A, Gołąbek M, Ciemerych MA, Brzoska E. Stromal derived factor-1 and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor treatment improves regeneration of Pax7-/- mice skeletal muscles. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:483-96. [PMID: 27239402 PMCID: PMC4863826 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skeletal muscle has the ability to regenerate after injury. This process is mediated mainly by the muscle specific stem cells, that is, satellite cells. In case of extensive damage or under pathological conditions, such as muscular dystrophy, the process of muscle reconstruction does not occur properly. The aim of our study was to test whether mobilized stem cells, other than satellite cells, could participate in skeletal muscle reconstruction. METHODS Experiments were performed on wild-type mice and mice lacking the functional Pax7 gene, that is, characterized by the very limited satellite cell population. Gastrocnemius mice muscles were injured by cardiotoxin injection, and then the animals were treated by stromal derived factor-1 (Sdf-1) with or without granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for 4 days. The muscles were subjected to thorough assessment of the tissue regeneration process using histological and in vitro methods, as well as evaluation of myogenic factors' expression at the transcript and protein levels. RESULTS Stromal derived factor-1 alone and Sdf-1 in combination with G-CSF significantly improved the regeneration of Pax7-/- skeletal muscles. The Sdf-1 and G-CSF treatment caused an increase in the number of mononucleated cells associated with muscle fibres. Further analysis showed that Sdf-1 and G-CSF treatment led to the rise in the number of CD34+ and Cxcr4+ cells and expression of Cxcr7. CONCLUSIONS Stromal derived factor-1 and G-CSF stimulated regeneration of the skeletal muscles deficient in satellite cells. We suggest that mobilized CD34+, Cxcr4+, and Cxcr7+ cells can efficiently participate in the skeletal muscle reconstruction and compensate for the lack of satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kowalski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Rafał Archacki
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Karolina Archacka
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Anna Paciorek
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Magdalena Gołąbek
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Maria A Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Edyta Brzoska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
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42
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Elias KM, Emori MM, Westerling T, Long H, Budina-Kolomets A, Li F, MacDuffie E, Davis MR, Holman A, Lawney B, Freedman ML, Quackenbush J, Brown M, Drapkin R. Epigenetic remodeling regulates transcriptional changes between ovarian cancer and benign precursors. JCI Insight 2016; 1. [PMID: 27617304 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of lineage-restricted transcription factors has been shown to influence malignant transformation in several types of cancer. Whether similar mechanisms are involved in ovarian cancer pathogenesis is unknown. PAX8 is a nuclear transcription factor that controls the embryologic development of the Müllerian system, including the fallopian tubes. Recent studies have shown that fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells (FTSECs) give rise to the most common form of ovarian cancer, high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOCs). We designed the present study in order to understand whether changes in gene expression between FTSECs and HGSOCs relate to alterations in PAX8 binding to chromatin. Using whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-Seq) after PAX8 knockdown and ChIP-Seq, we show that FTSECs and HGSOCs are distinguished by marked reprogramming of the PAX8 cistrome. Genes that are significantly altered between FTSECs and HGSOCs are enriched near PAX8 binding sites. These sites are also near TEAD binding sites, and these transcriptional changes may be related to PAX8 interactions with the TEAD/YAP1 signaling pathway. These data suggest that transcriptional changes after transformation in ovarian cancer are closely related to epigenetic remodeling in lineage-specific transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Elias
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan M Emori
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Westerling
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henry Long
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Budina-Kolomets
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fugen Li
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily MacDuffie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle R Davis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Holman
- Computational Biology and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian Lawney
- Computational Biology and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Quackenbush
- Computational Biology and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Myles Brown
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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López-Urrutia E, Pedroza-Torres A, Fernández-Retana J, De Leon DC, Morales-González F, Jacobo-Herrera N, Peralta-Zaragoza O, García-Mendez J, García-Castillo V, Bautista-Isidro O, Pérez-Plasencia C. PAX8 is transcribed aberrantly in cervical tumors and derived cell lines due to complex gene rearrangements. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:371-80. [PMID: 27175788 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor PAX8, a member of the paired box-containing gene family with an important role in embryogenesis of the kidney, thyroid gland and nervous system, has been described as a biomarker in tumors of the thyroid, parathyroid, kidney and thymus. The PAX8 gene gives rise to four isoforms, through alternative mRNA splicing, but the splicing pattern in tumors is not yet established. Cervical cancer has a positive expression of PAX8; however, there is no available data determining which PAX8 isoform or isoforms are present in cervical cancer tissues as well as in cervical carcinoma-derived cell lines. Instead of a differential pattern of splicing isoforms, we found numerous previously unreported PAX8 aberrant transcripts ranging from 378 to 542 bases and present in both cervical carcinoma-derived cell lines and tumor samples. This is the first report of PAX8 aberrant transcript production in cervical cancer. Reported PAX8 isoforms possess differential transactivation properties; therefore, besides being a helpful marker for detection of cancer, PAX8 isoforms can plausibly exert differential regulation properties during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo López-Urrutia
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Unidad de Biomedicina, FES-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, México
| | | | | | - David Cantu De Leon
- Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Tlalpan, México
| | | | - Nadia Jacobo-Herrera
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Tlalpan, México
| | - Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Jorge García-Mendez
- Departamento de Posgrado y Educación Médica Continua, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, México
| | - Verónica García-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Unidad de Biomedicina, FES-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, México
| | - Osvaldo Bautista-Isidro
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Unidad de Biomedicina, FES-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, México
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Unidad de Biomedicina, FES-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, México
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44
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Shih YL, Kuo CC, Yan MD, Lin YW, Hsieh CB, Hsieh TY. Quantitative methylation analysis reveals distinct association between PAX6 methylation and clinical characteristics with different viral infections in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:41. [PMID: 27110298 PMCID: PMC4841049 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Related to genetic alteration, frequent promoter hypermethylation is also a contributing factor in the development of human cancers. Recently, we discovered numerous novel genes that were aberrantly methylated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by using Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip array. We utilized a quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP) system for the evaluation of PAX6 methylation in 29 normal controls and 160 paired HCC tissues and their adjacent non-tumor tissues. We verified the correlation between the methylation status of PAX6 and clinical characteristics with different viral status. Results Paired-box 6 promoter methylation was observed in 39.4 %, 15.6 %, and 3.4 % in primary HCCs, adjacent non-tumors, and normal control tissues, respectively. Methylation of the PAX6 promoter region in HCCs significantly increased compared with control tissues. PAX6 was frequently methylated in HCV-positive HCC tissues (61.3 %) and rarely methylated in HBV-positive (22.1 %) and double-negative HCC tissues (33.3 %). Conclusions Our data suggests that promoter hypermethylation of PAX6 is a common event in HCCs and the association of PAX6 methylation in clinicopathological features is divergent with different viral status. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0208-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lueng Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Chi Kuo
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-De Yan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wen Lin
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China ; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Bao Hsieh
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsai-Yuan Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Bartram MP, Amendola E, Benzing T, Schermer B, de Vita G, Müller RU. Mice lacking microRNAs in Pax8-expressing cells develop hypothyroidism and end-stage renal failure. BMC Mol Biol 2016; 17:11. [PMID: 27090781 PMCID: PMC4835897 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-016-0064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-coding RNAs have gained increasing attention during the last decade. The first large group of non-coding RNAs to be characterized systematically starting at the beginning of the 21st century were small oligonucleotides--the so-called microRNAs (miRNAs). By now we have learnt that microRNAs are indispensable for most biological processes including organogenesis and maintenance of organ structure and function. The role of microRNAs has been studied extensively in the development of a number of organs, so far most studies focussed on e.g. the heart or the brain whilst the role of microRNAs in the development and maintenance of complex epithelial organs is less well understood. Furthermore most analyses regarding microRNA function in epithelial organs employed conditional knockout mouse models of the RNAse III Dicer to abrogate microRNA biogenesis. However, there is increasing evidence for Dicer to have multiple functions independent from microRNA maturation. Therefore Dicer independent models are needed to gain further insight into the complex biology of miRNA dependent processes. RESULTS Here we analyze the contribution of microRNA-dependent transcriptional control in Pax8-expressing epithelial cells. Pax8 is a transcription factor that is crucial to the development of epithelial organs. The miRNA machinery was disrupted by crossing conditional DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8 (Dgcr8) fl/fl mice to Pax8Cre mice. The Dgcr8/Drosha complex processes pri-miRNAs in the nucleus before they are exported as pre-miRNAs for further maturation by Dicer in the cytoplasm. Dgcr8 fl/fl; Pax8Cre+ knockout mice died prematurely, developed massive hypothyroidism and end stage renal disease due to a loss of miRNAs in Pax8 expressing tissue. CONCLUSION Pax8Cre-mediated conditional loss of DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8 (Dgcr8), an essential component of the nuclear machinery that is required for microRNA biogenesis, resulted in severe hypothyroidism, massively reduced body weight and ultimately led to renal failure and death of the animals. These data provide further insight into the importance of miRNAs in organ homeostasis using a Dicer independent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte P Bartram
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena Amendola
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriella de Vita
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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46
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Morena D, Maestro N, Bersani F, Forni PE, Lingua MF, Foglizzo V, Šćepanović P, Miretti S, Morotti A, Shern JF, Khan J, Ala U, Provero P, Sala V, Crepaldi T, Gasparini P, Casanova M, Ferrari A, Sozzi G, Chiarle R, Ponzetto C, Taulli R. Hepatocyte Growth Factor-mediated satellite cells niche perturbation promotes development of distinct sarcoma subtypes. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26987019 PMCID: PMC4811764 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) and Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS) are distinct sarcoma subtypes. Here we investigate the relevance of the satellite cell (SC) niche in sarcoma development by using Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) to perturb the niche microenvironment. In a Pax7 wild type background, HGF stimulation mainly causes ERMS that originate from satellite cells following a process of multistep progression. Conversely, in a Pax7 null genotype ERMS incidence drops, while UPS becomes the most frequent subtype. Murine EfRMS display genetic heterogeneity similar to their human counterpart. Altogether, our data demonstrate that selective perturbation of the SC niche results in distinct sarcoma subtypes in a Pax7 lineage-dependent manner, and define a critical role for the Met axis in sarcoma initiation. Finally, our results provide a rationale for the use of combination therapy, tailored on specific amplifications and activated signaling pathways, to minimize resistance emerging from sarcomas heterogeneity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12116.001 Soft tissue sarcomas are rare cancers that originate in tissues such as muscles, tendons, cartilage and fat. These cancers are further classified into subtypes based on their appearance. For example, rhabdomyosarcoma cells resemble the cells that normally develop into muscle, while other soft tissue tumors that do not look like a distinct cell type are called undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas. Recent experiments have suggested that although these subtypes appear different, they may both arise from the cells that build muscles. However, this had not been confirmed. Morena et al. investigated whether changing the environment – also known as the “niche” – of muscle stem cells could influence what type of sarcoma developed in mice that were prone to cancer. Normally muscle stem cells in an adult only regenerate injured muscles, and need to receive the correct cues before they divide. Among these cues is a protein called Hepatocyte Growth Factor (or HGF for short), which is produced by cells in the muscle stem cells’ niche. Morena et al. engineered mice so that the production of HGF in the muscles could be switched on or off at will. Mice that were already prone to cancer and produced a lot of HGF tended to develop rhabdomyosarcomas. However, when HGF was turned on in similar mice that also lacked normal muscle stem cells, the resulting sarcomas were predominantly undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas. These data indicate that rhabdomyosarcomas probably originate from muscle stem cells, whereas undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas develop from other cells in the niche. Lastly, Morena et al. studied the sarcomas in their mice in more detail and observed that, similar to what has been found in human rhabdomyosarcomas, individual tumors had different genetic mutations. These differences make it difficult to treat sarcomas with a single anti-cancer drug. However, the new results suggest that a combination of targeted drugs may prove effective in blocking tumor growth and in preventing resistance. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12116.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Morena
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,CeRMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Maestro
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,CeRMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bersani
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,CeRMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Emanuele Forni
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,CeRMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - Marcello Francesco Lingua
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,CeRMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Foglizzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,CeRMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - Petar Šćepanović
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,CeRMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Miretti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Jack F Shern
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Oncogenomics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, United States
| | - Javed Khan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Oncogenomics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, United States
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Sala
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Gasparini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Casanova
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiarle
- CeRMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Carola Ponzetto
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,CeRMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Taulli
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,CeRMS, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Turin, Italy
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Conant JL, DeSarno M, Ambaye AB, Bryant R, Zenali M. PAX stains in hematologic malignancies, a diagnostic pitfall: a comparative study evaluating monoclonal PAX8s, polyclonal PAX2, and PAX5. J Hematop 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-016-0266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Al-Hujaily EM, Tang Y, Yao DS, Carmona E, Garson K, Vanderhyden BC. Divergent Roles of PAX2 in the Etiology and Progression of Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:1163-73. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0121-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pax genes in renal development, disease and regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 44:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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