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Balasubramanian K, Karuppiah C, Alagarsamy S, Mohandoss S, Arunachalam P, Govindasamy C, Velmurugan M, Yang CC, Lee HJ, Ramaraj SK. Highly sensitive detection of environmental toxic fenitrothion in fruits and water using a porous graphene oxide nanosheets based disposable sensor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119500. [PMID: 38950814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring fenitrothion (FNT) residues in food and the environment is crucial due to its high environmental toxicity. In this study, we developed a sensitive, reliable electrochemical method for detecting FNT by using screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) modified with porous graphene oxide (PGO) nanosheets. PGO surface properties have been meticulously characterized using advanced spectroscopic techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to test the electrochemical properties of the PGO-modified sensor. The PGO-modified sensor exhibited remarkable sensitivity, achieving a detection limit as low as 0.061 μM and a broad linear range of 0.02-250 μM. Enhanced performance is due to PGO's high surface area and excellent electrocatalytic properties, which greatly improved electron transfer. Square wave voltammetry was used to demonstrate the sensor's efficacy as a real-time, on-site monitoring tool for FNT residues in fruit and water. The outstanding performance of the PGO/SPCE sensor underscores its applicability in ensuring food safety and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Balasubramanian
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chelladurai Karuppiah
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Saranvignesh Alagarsamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Sonaimuthu Mohandoss
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Prabhakarn Arunachalam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chandramohan Govindasamy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murugan Velmurugan
- Department of Chemistry, K. Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Samayapuram, Tiruchirappalli, 621112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chun-Chen Yang
- Battery Research center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sayee Kannan Ramaraj
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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A selective electroanalysis and photocatalytic removal strategy for pesticide residues using urchin-like LaPO4@Ag. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Pesticide Detection in Vegetable Crops Using Enzyme Inhibition Methods: a Comprehensive Review. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Sadegh S, Matschinske J, Blumenthal DB, Galindez G, Kacprowski T, List M, Nasirigerdeh R, Oubounyt M, Pichlmair A, Rose TD, Salgado-Albarrán M, Späth J, Stukalov A, Wenke NK, Yuan K, Pauling JK, Baumbach J. Exploring the SARS-CoV-2 virus-host-drug interactome for drug repurposing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3518. [PMID: 32665542 PMCID: PMC7360763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Various studies exist about the molecular mechanisms of viral infection. However, such information is spread across many publications and it is very time-consuming to integrate, and exploit. We develop CoVex, an interactive online platform for SARS-CoV-2 host interactome exploration and drug (target) identification. CoVex integrates virus-human protein interactions, human protein-protein interactions, and drug-target interactions. It allows visual exploration of the virus-host interactome and implements systems medicine algorithms for network-based prediction of drug candidates. Thus, CoVex is a resource to understand molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity and to prioritize candidate therapeutics. We investigate recent hypotheses on a systems biology level to explore mechanistic virus life cycle drivers, and to extract drug repurposing candidates. CoVex renders COVID-19 drug research systems-medicine-ready by giving the scientific community direct access to network medicine algorithms. It is available at https://exbio.wzw.tum.de/covex/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Sadegh
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Julian Matschinske
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - David B Blumenthal
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Gihanna Galindez
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Markus List
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Reza Nasirigerdeh
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Mhaned Oubounyt
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- Institute of Virology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Tim Daniel Rose
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Marisol Salgado-Albarrán
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- Natural Sciences Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), 05300, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julian Späth
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Alexey Stukalov
- Institute of Virology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Nina K Wenke
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Kevin Yuan
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Josch K Pauling
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany.
- Computational Biomedicine Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Sankar K, Lenisha D, Janaki G, Juliana J, Kumar RS, Selvi MC, Srinivasan G. Digital image-based quantification of chlorpyrifos in water samples using a lipase embedded paper based device. Talanta 2020; 208:120408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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6
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Nagabooshanam S, Roy S, Mathur A, Mukherjee I, Krishnamurthy S, Bharadwaj LM. Electrochemical micro analytical device interfaced with portable potentiostat for rapid detection of chlorpyrifos using acetylcholinesterase conjugated metal organic framework using Internet of things. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19862. [PMID: 31882767 PMCID: PMC6934781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An Electrochemical micro Analytical Device (EµAD) was fabricated for sensitive detection of organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos in the food chain. Gold microelectrode (µE) modified with Zinc based Metal Organic Framework (MOF-Basolite Z1200) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme served as an excellent electro-analytical transducer for the detection of chlorpyrifos. Electrochemical techniques such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) were performed for electrochemical analysis of the developed EµAD. The sensor needs only 2 µL of the analyte and it was tested within the linear range of 10 to 100 ng/L. The developed EµAD’s limit of detection (LoD) and sensitivity is 6 ng/L and 0.598 µ A/ng L−1/mm2 respectively. The applicability of the device for the detection of chlorpyrifos from the real vegetable sample was also tested within the range specified. The fabricated sensor showed good stability with a shelf-life of 20 days. The EµAD’s response time is of 50 s, including an incubation time of 20 s. The developed EµAD was also integrated with commercially available low-cost, handheld potentiostat (k-Stat) using Bluetooth and the results were comparable with a standard electrochemical workstation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Nagabooshanam
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Sector 125, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Souradeep Roy
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Sector 125, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Ashish Mathur
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Sector 125, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India.
| | - Irani Mukherjee
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Satheesh Krishnamurthy
- Nanoscale Energy and Surface Engineering, School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall Campus, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Lalit M Bharadwaj
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Sector 125, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
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Vinoth Kumar J, Karthik R, Chen SM, Natarajan K, Karuppiah C, Yang CC, Muthuraj V. 3D Flower-Like Gadolinium Molybdate Catalyst for Efficient Detection and Degradation of Organophosphate Pesticide (Fenitrothion). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15652-15664. [PMID: 29671570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured materials have received enormous attention in energy and environment remediation applications. Herein, we developed a novel 3D flower-like gadolinium molybdate (Gd2MoO6; GdM) and used as a bifunctional catalyst for the electrochemical detection and photocatalytic degradation of organophosphate pesticide fenitrothion (FNT). The flower-like GdM catalyst was prepared via a simple sol-gel technique with the assistance of urea and ethylene glycol. The properties of GdM were confirmed by various spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The GdM catalyst played a significant role in electrochemical reduction of FNT and results in a very low detection limit (5 nM), wide linear ranges (0.02-123; 173-1823 μM), and good sensitivity (1.36 μA μM-1 cm-2). Interestingly, the GdM electrocatalyst had good recoveries to FNT in soil and water sample analysis. In addition to trace level detection, the flower-like GdM was used as the photocatalyst which portrayed an excellent photocatalytic degradation behavior to eliminate the FNT in the aqueous system. The GdM photocatalyst could degrade above 99% of FNT under UV light irradiation with good stability even after five cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaraj Vinoth Kumar
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , National Taipei University of Technology , No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan , ROC
- Department of Chemistry , VHNSN College , Virudhunagar 626001 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Raj Karthik
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , National Taipei University of Technology , No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , National Taipei University of Technology , No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Karikalan Natarajan
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , National Taipei University of Technology , No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chelladurai Karuppiah
- Battery Research Center of Green Energy , Ming Chi University of Technology , New Taipei City 24301 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chun-Chen Yang
- Battery Research Center of Green Energy , Ming Chi University of Technology , New Taipei City 24301 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Velluchamy Muthuraj
- Department of Chemistry , VHNSN College , Virudhunagar 626001 , Tamil Nadu , India
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8
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Rajangam B, Daniel DK, Krastanov AI. Progress in enzyme inhibition based detection of pesticides. Eng Life Sci 2017; 18:4-19. [PMID: 32624856 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The previous few decades have seen the development of biosensors and their use in monitoring of pesticides in food and environmental samples. Although inhibition-based biosensors have been subject of several recent research works, their performance characteristics greatly depend on the type of immobilization and the presence of interfering compounds in the samples. Moreover, sensitivity, detection limits, and rapidity of the response are few of the other major features that need to be investigated further if they are to become operationally user-friendly. This review will highlight research carried out in the past on biosensors that are based on enzyme inhibition for determination of organophosphorus compounds and carbamate pesticides.
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9
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Bui MPN, Makamba H, Seo SS. Characterization of Paraoxon-ethyl and Parathion-ethyl Complexes with β-Cyclodextrin Modified Zirconium Oxide Thin Films by Infrared Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1113418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Gerent GG, Spinelli A. Environmentally-friendly in situ plated bismuth-film electrode for the quantification of the endocrine disruptor parathion in skimmed milk. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 308:157-163. [PMID: 26812083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An in situ bismuth-film electrode (BiFE) together with square-wave cathodic voltammetry (SWCV) was used to determine the concentration of the endocrine disruptor parathion in skimmed milk. The experimental conditions (deposition time, deposition potential and Bi (III) concentration) were optimized for the preparation of the BiFE. A glassy carbon electrode was used as the substrate. The selection of the chemical composition of the supporting electrolyte and the solution pH was aimed at improving the reduction of parathion at the BiFE surface. In addition, the parameters of the square-wave cathodic voltammetry were adjusted to improve the sensor performance. A cathodic current identified at -0.523 V increased linearly with the parathion concentration in the range of 0.2-2.0 μmol L(-1) (R=0.999). The sensitivity of the calibration curve obtained was 4.09 μA L μmol(-1), and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 55.7 nmol L(-1) and 169.0 nmol L(-1), respectively. The performance of the sensor was tested using a sample of skimmed milk with parathion added. The same determination was carried out by UV-vis spectroscopy and the results obtained were used for the statistical evaluation of the data obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles G Gerent
- Grupo de Estudos de Processos Eletroquímicos e Eletroanalíticos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Departamento de Química-CFM, 88040-900, Florianópolis SC, Brazil
| | - Almir Spinelli
- Grupo de Estudos de Processos Eletroquímicos e Eletroanalíticos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Departamento de Química-CFM, 88040-900, Florianópolis SC, Brazil.
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11
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Shams N, Lim HN, Hajian R, Yusof NA, Abdullah J, Sulaiman Y, Ibrahim I, Huang NM. Electrochemical sensor based on gold nanoparticles/ethylenediamine-reduced graphene oxide for trace determination of fenitrothion in water. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13384c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AuNP/en-rGO/SPE electrochemical sensor for sensitive determination of fenitrothion in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Shams
- Institute of Advanced Technology
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | - Hong Ngee Lim
- Institute of Advanced Technology
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Reza Hajian
- Institute of Advanced Technology
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Institute of Advanced Technology
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Institute of Advanced Technology
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yusran Sulaiman
- Institute of Advanced Technology
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Izwaharyanie Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | - Nay Ming Huang
- Centre of Printable Electronics
- Deputy Vice Chancellor Office (Research & Innovation)
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
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Chow CF, Ho KYF, Gong CB. Synthesis of a New Bimetallic Re(I)–NCS–Pt(II) Complex as Chemodosimetric Ensemble for the Selective Detection of Mercapto-Containing Pesticides. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6112-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cheng-Bin Gong
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chong Qing, China
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13
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Optical detection of paraoxon using single-walled carbon nanotube films with attached organophosphorus hydrolase-expressed Escherichia coli. SENSORS 2015; 15:12513-25. [PMID: 26024418 PMCID: PMC4507580 DOI: 10.3390/s150612513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In whole-cell based biosensors, spectrophotometry is one of the most commonly used methods for detecting organophosphates due to its simplicity and reliability. The sensor performance is directly affected by the cell immobilization method because it determines the amount of cells, the mass transfer rate, and the stability. In this study, we demonstrated that our previously-reported microbe immobilization method, a microbe-attached single-walled carbon nanotube film, can be applied to whole-cell-based organophosphate sensors. This method has many advantages over other whole-cell organophosphate sensors, including high specific activity, quick cell immobilization, and excellent stability. A device with circular electrodes was fabricated for an enlarged cell-immobilization area. Escherichia coli expressing organophosphorus hydrolase in the periplasmic space and single-walled carbon nanotubes were attached to the device by our method. Paraoxon was hydrolyzed using this device, and detected by measuring the concentration of the enzymatic reaction product, p-nitrophenol. The specific activity of our device was calculated, and was shown to be over 2.5 times that reported previously for other whole-cell organophosphate sensors. Thus, this method for generation of whole-cell-based OP biosensors might be optimal, as it overcomes many of the caveats that prevent the widespread use of other such devices.
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14
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Hatefi-Mehrjardi A. Bienzyme self-assembled monolayer on gold electrode: An amperometric biosensor for carbaryl determination. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Arduini F, Amine A. Biosensors based on enzyme inhibition. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 140:299-326. [PMID: 23934362 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present chapter describes the use of biosensors based on enzyme inhibition as analytical tools. The parameters that affect biosensor sensitivity, such as the amount of immobilized enzyme, incubation time, and immobilization type, were critically evaluated, highlighting how the knowledge of enzymatic kinetics can help researchers optimize the biosensor in an easy and fast manner. The applications of these biosensors demonstrating their wide application have been reported. The objective of this survey is to give a critical description of biosensors based on enzyme inhibition, of their assembly, and their application in the environmental, food, and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy,
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16
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Zhang W, Ge X, Tang Y, Du D, Liu D, Lin Y. Nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic test strip with fluorescent detector for quantification of phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase: an exposure biomarker of organophosphorus agents. Analyst 2013; 138:5431-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00621b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Surface plasmon resonance sensor for profenofos detection using molecularly imprinted thin film as recognition element. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Musameh MM, Gao Y, Hickey M, Kyratzis IL. Application of Carbon Nanotubes in the Extraction and Electrochemical Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides: A Review. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.655678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Mishra RK, Dominguez RB, Bhand S, Muñoz R, Marty JL. A novel automated flow-based biosensor for the determination of organophosphate pesticides in milk. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 32:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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An amperometric biosensor developed for detection of limonin levels in kinnow mandarin juices. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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21
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Turdean GL. Design and Development of Biosensors for the Detection of Heavy Metal Toxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/343125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many compounds (including heavy metals, HMs) used in different fields of industry and/or agriculture act as inhibitors of enzymes, which, as consequence, are unable to bind the substrate. Even if it is not so sensitive, the method for detecting heavy metal traces using biosensors has a dynamic trend and is largely applied for improving the “life quality”, because of biosensor's sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity. In the last years, they also become more and more a synergetic combination between biotechnology and microelectronics. Dedicated biosensors were developed for offline and online analysis, and also, their extent and diversity could be called a real “biosensor revolution”. A panel of examples of biosensors: enzyme-, DNA-, imuno-, whole-cell-based biosensors were systematised depending on the reaction type, transduction signal, or analytical performances. The mechanism of enzyme-based biosensor and the kinetic of detection process are described and compared. In this context, is explainable why bioelectronics, nanotechnology, miniaturization, and bioengineering will compete for developing sensitive and selective biosensors able to determine multiple analytes simultaneously and/or integrated in wireless communications systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella L. Turdean
- Physical Chemistry Department, Babes-Bolyai, University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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22
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Miao Y, He N, Zhu JJ. History and New Developments of Assays for Cholinesterase Activity and Inhibition. Chem Rev 2010; 110:5216-34. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Miao
- Lab of Biomimetic Electrochemistry and Biosensors, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Nongyue He
- Lab of Biomimetic Electrochemistry and Biosensors, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- Lab of Biomimetic Electrochemistry and Biosensors, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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23
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Biosensors based on cholinesterase inhibition for insecticides, nerve agents and aflatoxin B1 detection (review). Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Upadhyay S, Rao GR, Sharma MK, Bhattacharya BK, Rao VK, Vijayaraghavan R. Immobilization of acetylcholineesterase-choline oxidase on a gold-platinum bimetallic nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode for the sensitive detection of organophosphate pesticides, carbamates and nerve agents. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:832-8. [PMID: 19762223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel, highly sensitive amperometric biosensor, based on electrodeposition of gold-platinum bimetallic nanoparticles onto 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane modified glassy carbon electrode for the detection of paraoxon ethyl, aldicarb, and sarin has been developed. The biosensor consists of acetylcholineesterase (AChE)/choline oxidase (ChOx) immobilized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde on a modified electrode. The properties of nanoparticles modified electrodes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), cyclic voltammograms (CVs) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The synergistic action of Au and Pt nanoparticles showed excellent electrocatalytic activity with low applied potential for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). The IC(50) and inhibition rate constant (K(i)) values were determined for the inhibitors using immobilized enzymes on modified electrode and the data were compared by spectrophotometric determination of these kinetic parameters using free enzymes in solution. Paraoxon ethyl, sarin, and aldicarb could be detected up to 150-200nM, 40-50nM, and 40-60 microM respectively at 30-40% inhibition level of AChE enzyme and followed linearity in wide range concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Upadhyay
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior 474002, India.
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25
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Choline oxidase as a selective recognition element for determination of paraoxon. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:2509-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2008] [Revised: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Liu G, Wang J, Barry R, Petersen C, Timchalk C, Gassman PL, Lin Y. Nanoparticle-based electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase: an exposure biomarker of organophosphate pesticides and nerve agents. Chemistry 2008; 14:9951-9. [PMID: 18942695 PMCID: PMC2909471 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A nanoparticle-based electrochemical immunosensor has been developed for the detection of phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is a potential biomarker of exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides and chemical warfare nerve agents. Zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO(2) NPs) were used as selective sorbents to capture the phosphorylated AChE adduct, and quantum dots (ZnS@CdS, QDs) were used as tags to label monoclonal anti-AChE antibody to quantify the immunorecognition events. The sandwich-like immunoreactions were performed among the ZrO(2) NPs, which were pre-coated on a screen printed electrode (SPE) by electrodeposition, phosphorylated AChE and QD-anti-AChE. The captured QD tags were determined on the SPE by electrochemical stripping analysis of its metallic component (cadmium) after an acid-dissolution step. Paraoxon was used as the model OP insecticide to prepare the phosphorylated AChE adducts to demonstrate proof of principle for the sensor. The phosphorylated AChE adduct was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mass spectroscopy. The binding affinity of anti-AChE to the phosphorylated AChE was validated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The parameters (e.g., amount of ZrO(2) NP, QD-anti-AChE concentration,) that govern the electrochemical response of immunosensors were optimized. The voltammetric response of the immunosensor is highly linear over the range of 10 pM to 4 nM phosphorylated AChE, and the limit of detection is estimated to be 8.0 pM. The immunosensor also successfully detected phosphorylated AChE in human plasma. This new nanoparticle-based electrochemical immunosensor provides an opportunity to develop field-deployable, sensitive, and quantitative biosensors for monitoring exposure to a variety of OP pesticides and nerve agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352(USA)
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105 (USA), Fax: (+1) 701-231-8697,
| | - Jun Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352(USA)
| | - Richard Barry
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352(USA)
| | | | | | - Paul L Gassman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352(USA)
| | - Yuehe Lin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352(USA)
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27
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Li XH, Xie ZH, Min H, Xian YZ, Jin LT. Amperometric Biosensor Based on Immobilization Acetylcholinesterase on Manganese Porphyrin Nanoparticles for Detection of Trichlorfon with Flow-Injection Analysis System. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200703965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Prasad K, Prathish K, Gladis J, Naidu G, Rao T. Design and Development of Imprinted Polymer Inclusion Membrane-Based Field Monitoring Device for Trace Determination of Phorate (O,O-DiethylS-Ethyl Thiomethyl Phophorodithioate) in Natural Waters. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200703842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Dondoi MP, Bucur B, Danet AF, Toader CN, Barthelmebs L, Marty JL. Organophosphorus insecticides extraction and heterogeneous oxidation on column for analysis with an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 578:162-9. [PMID: 17723708 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Revised: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 07/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an analysis method for organophosphorus insecticides based on AChE biosensors coupled with a preconcentration and oxidation on a solid phase column. Three organic solvents, acetonitrile (ACN), ethanol and methanol were tested for their influence on AChE activity, insecticide inhibition and their ability to elute the adsorbed insecticides. Our results showed that ACN in a concentration of 5% (v/v) had the less negative effect on biosensor analysis and was the most appropriate organic solvent for the column elution. The presence of the organic solvent in the incubation media of the biosensor was found to induce a reduction of the inhibition percentages. The inhibition of the biosensors was performed in phosphate buffer with 5% (v/v) ACN, while the initial and remaining response of the biosensors were measured in PBS. In these conditions, the LODs of paraoxon and dichlorvos were measured with or without a preconcentration step. The LODs of the AChE biosensor without sample preconcentration were 8 x 10(-8) M for paraoxon and 1 x 10(-7) M dichlorvos and the LOD obtained after the preconcentration step were 2.5 x 10(-8) M for paraoxon and 2.5 x 10(-8) M for dichlorvos. Moreover, the use of the column allowed the heterogeneous oxidation of organophosphorus insecticides for improved LOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Petruta Dondoi
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Sos. Panduri, No. 90-92, 050657 Bucharest, Romania.
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30
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Bucur B, Fournier D, Danet A, Marty JL. Biosensors based on highly sensitive acetylcholinesterases for enhanced carbamate insecticides detection. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Campanella L, Dragone R, Lelo D, Martini E, Tomassetti M. Tyrosinase inhibition organic phase biosensor for triazinic and benzotriazinic pesticide analysis (part two). Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 384:915-21. [PMID: 16328240 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Revised: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 10/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Several triazine pesticides, such as atrazine, are much more soluble in several organic solvents, such as chloroform, than in water. Our recent research was aimed at analyzing this class of pesticides using tyrosinase OPEE (organic phase enzyme electrodes), exploiting their inhibiting action on the tyrosinase enzyme when operating in water-saturated chloroform medium. In this work we studied the response of a tyrosinase inhibition enzyme sensor to several triazinic (simazine, propazine, terbuthylazine) and benzotriazinic (azinphos-ethyl and azinphos-methyl) pesticides (LOD=0.5x10(-9) mol l(-1)). Recovery trials were also performed in vegetal matrixes (corn, barley, lentils). Lastly, the effect of the solvent (chloroform or water) on the inhibition process was investigated via Hill's equation and the diffusion of analyte from the solvent to the enzyme membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Campanella
- Department of Chemistry, La Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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32
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Tavakoli H, Ghourchian H, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Chilaka FC. Effects of paraoxon and ethylparathion on choline oxidase from Alcaligenes species: Inhibition and denaturation. Int J Biol Macromol 2005; 36:318-23. [PMID: 16102808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2005.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2005] [Revised: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics and thermodynamics of the effects of paraoxon (POX) and ethylparathion (EPA) on choline oxidase (ChOx) were studied. Lineweaver-Burk plots of initial velocity data showed a parallel pattern indicating uncompetitive inhibition versus choline. The inhibition constant (K(I)) obtained from the secondary plots for POX and EPA were 0.14+/-0.01 and 0.48+/-0.05 mM, respectively, suggesting that POX is a more potent inhibitor of ChOx than EPA. UV absorption was used to monitor the denaturation of ChOx by POX and EPA. A decrease in FAD fluorescence associated with the interaction of POX and EPA with ChOx suggested a tertiary structural change. Interaction of the enzyme molecule with POX or EPA resulted in inhibition and subsequently denaturation of the enzyme. The results indicate that inhibition and denaturation of the enzyme by POX and EPA are linked, but not parallel events, with inhibition occurring at lower concentrations with respect to denaturation. This suggests that the loss of initial velocity of the enzyme is an active site specific effect and not due to global conformational changes induced by the inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tavakoli
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Enquelab Avenue, PO Box 13145-1384, Tehran 1384, Iran
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33
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Liu G, Lin Y. Electrochemical Sensor for Organophosphate Pesticides and Nerve Agents Using Zirconia Nanoparticles as Selective Sorbents. Anal Chem 2005; 77:5894-901. [PMID: 16159119 DOI: 10.1021/ac050791t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor for detection of organophosphate (OP) pesticides and nerve agents using zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles as selective sorbents is presented. Zirconia nanoparticles were electrodynamically deposited onto the polycrystalline gold electrode by cyclic voltammetry. Because of the strong affinity of zirconia for the phosphoric group, nitroaromatic OPs strongly bind to the ZrO2 nanoparticle surface. The electrochemical characterization and anodic stripping voltammetric performance of bound OPs were evaluated using cyclic voltammetric and square-wave voltammetric (SWV) analysis. SWV was used to monitor the amount of bound OPs and provide simple, fast, and facile quantitative methods for nitroaromatic OP compounds. The sensor surface can be regenerated by successively running SWV scanning. Operational parameters, including the amount of nanoparticles, adsorption time, and pH of the reaction medium have been optimized. The stripping voltammetric response is highly linear over the 5-100 ng/mL (ppb) methyl parathion range examined (2-min adsorption), with a detection limit of 3 ng/mL and good precision (RSD = 5.3%, n = 10). The detection limit was improved to 1 ng/mL by using 10-min adsorption time. The promising stripping voltammetric performances open new opportunities for fast, simple, and sensitive analysis of OPs in environmental and biological samples. These findings can lead to a widespread use of electrochemical sensors to detect OP contaminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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34
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Cui R, Chung WJ, Jahng D. A rapid and simple respirometric biosensor with immobilized cells of Nitrosomonas europaea for detecting inhibitors of ammonia oxidation. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:1788-95. [PMID: 15681195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2004] [Revised: 07/06/2004] [Accepted: 07/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As obligate chemolithotrophs, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) grow very slowly and are known to be extremely sensitive to a wide variety of inhibitors. Since it is generally accepted that inhibition of ammonia oxidation by AOB results in a total failure of nitrogen removal, it is necessary to develop a method to detect inhibitors of ammonia oxidation in wastewater. Since ammonia oxidation accompanies oxygen consumption, ammonia oxidation can be easily evaluated by measuring oxygen consumption rate using a dissolved oxygen (DO) probe. In this study, a rapid and simple respirometric biosensor using the pure culture of Nitrosomonas europaea was developed. N. europaea was cultivated in a continuous fermentor operating at the dilution rate of 0.008 h(-1) to obtain physiologically constant cells and was immobilized onto the dialysis membrane through filtration. DO, determined by the biosensor, started to increase 30 s later after ammonia oxidation inhibitor was fed, and a new steady-state DO was obtained in 10-30 min. For this DO profile, steady-state kinetics was applied to evaluate ammonia oxidation efficiency. The concentration of a toxic compound causing 50% decrease of oxygen-consumption activity (EC50) was determined for different chemicals. The EC50 values obtained with the biosensor (0.018 mg l(-1) for allylthiourea, 0.027 mg l(-1) for thioacetamide, 1.10 mg l(-1) for phenol and 0.0 1mg l(-1) for thiourea) indicated that the developed biosensor was highly sensitive to a variety of the inhibitors. It was also shown that the biosensor is applicable for on-line real time monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cui
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Myongji University, San 38-2, Namdong, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Republic of Korea
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35
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Zhang S, Zhao H, John R. Oxygen Dependence in a Dual-Phase Electrochemical Biosensing System. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200303088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Sotiropoulou S, Chaniotakis NA. Lowering the detection limit of the acetylcholinesterase biosensor using a nanoporous carbon matrix. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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You T, Niwa O, Tomita M, Hirono S. Characterization of platinum nanoparticle-embedded carbon film electrode and its detection of hydrogen peroxide. Anal Chem 2003; 75:2080-5. [PMID: 12720344 DOI: 10.1021/ac026337w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A method for the highly sensitive determination of acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) that employs a graphite-like carbon film electrode containing 6.5% platinum (Pt) nanoparticles was developed for use as a detector in microbore liquid chromatography (LC) with a postcolumn enzyme reactor. The film electrode was prepared by RF cosputtering carbon and Pt, which requires only a one-step formation process. This method can control the Pt content of the film at a relatively low deposition temperature (below 200 degrees C). The average size of the Pt nanoparticles was 2.5 nm. The film electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity, high sensitivity, and negligible baseline drift when detecting hydrogen peroxide. The electrode was modified with glucose oxidase and responded rapidly to glucose with a much more stable baseline current than at a Pt bulk electrode based sensor. Therefore, it is appropriate to employ the electrode to detect trace amounts of biomolecules, such as neurotransmitters and hormones combined with various oxidase enzymes. We used the electrode as a detector for microbore LC and observed a low detection limit of 2.5 and 2.3 fmol (10-microL injection) for ACh and Ch, respectively, which is approximately 1 order of magnitude lower than that of a Pt bulk electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyan You
- NTT Microsystem Integration Laboratories, 3-1 Morinosato, Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
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