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Ayoup MS, Mansour AF, Abdel-Hamid H, Abu-Serie MM, Mohyeldin SM, Teleb M. Nature-inspired new isoindole-based Passerini adducts as efficient tumor-selective apoptotic inducers via caspase-3/7 activation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 245:114865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Structure optimization of new tumor-selective Passerini α-acyloxy carboxamides as Caspase-3/7 activators. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22390. [PMID: 36575196 PMCID: PMC9794698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective elimination of tumors has always been the mainstay of oncology research. The on-going research underlying the cellular apoptotic mechanisms reveal caspases activation, especially the key effector caspase-3, as a personalized tumor-selective therapeutic strategy. Our continued research protocol has exploited new optimized Passerini α-acyloxy carboxamides as efficient apoptotic inducers via caspase-3/7 dependent mechanism with highly selective anticancer profiles. The adopted design rationale relied on excluding structural alerts of previous leads, while merging various pharmacophoric motifs of natural and synthetic caspase activators via optimized one-pot Passerini reaction conditions. The prepared compounds resulting from Passerini reaction were screened for their cytotoxic activities against colorectal Caco-2 and liver HepG-2 cancer cells compared to normal fibroblasts utilizing MTT assay. Notably, all compounds exhibited promising low-range submicromolar IC50 against the studied cancer cell lines, with outstanding tumor selectivity (SI values up to 266). Hence, they were superior to 5-fluorouracil. Notably, 7a, 7g, and 7j conferred the highest potencies against Caco-2 and HepG-2 cells and were selected for further mechanistic studies. Caspas-3/7 activation assay of the hit compounds and flow cytometric analysis of the treated apoptotic cancer cells demonstrated their significant caspase activation potential (up to 4.2 folds) and apoptotic induction capacities (up to 58.7%). Further assessment of Bcl2 expression was performed being a physiological caspase-3 substrate. Herein, the three studied Passerini adducts were able to downregulate Bcl2 in the treated Caco-2 cells. Importantly, the mechanistic studies results of the three hits echoed their preliminary MTT antiproliferative potencies data highlighting their caspase-3 dependent apoptotic induction. Finally, the in silico predicted physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles, as well as ligand efficiency metrics were drug-like.
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Badmus JA, Ekpo OE, Sharma JR, Sibuyi NRS, Meyer M, Hussein AA, Hiss DC. An Insight into the Mechanism of Holamine- and Funtumine-Induced Cell Death in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235716. [PMID: 33287388 PMCID: PMC7730674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Holamine and funtumine, steroidal alkaloids with strong and diverse pharmacological activities are commonly found in the Apocynaceae family of Holarrhena. The selective anti-proliferative and cell cycle arrest effects of holamine and funtumine on cancer cells have been previously reported. The present study evaluated the anti-proliferative mechanism of action of these two steroidal alkaloids on cancer cell lines (HT-29, MCF-7 and HeLa) by exploring the mitochondrial depolarization effects, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, apoptosis, F-actin perturbation, and inhibition of topoisomerase-I. The apoptosis-inducing effects of the compounds were studied by flow cytometry using the APOPercentageTM dye and Caspase-3/7 Glo assay kit. The two compounds showed a significantly greater cytotoxicity in cancer cells compared to non-cancer (normal) fibroblasts. The observed antiproliferative effects of the two alkaloids presumably are facilitated through the stimulation of apoptosis. The apoptotic effect was elicited through the modulation of mitochondrial function, elevated ROS production, and caspase-3/7 activation. Both compounds also induced F-actin disorganization and inhibited topoisomerase-I activity. Although holamine and funtumine appear to have translational potential for the development of novel anticancer agents, further mechanistic and molecular studies are recommended to fully understand their anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelili A. Badmus
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (O.E.E.)
| | - Okobi E. Ekpo
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (O.E.E.)
| | - Jyoti R. Sharma
- DSI/Mintek-Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-BioLabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.R.S.); (N.R.S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Nicole Remaliah S. Sibuyi
- DSI/Mintek-Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-BioLabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.R.S.); (N.R.S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Mervin Meyer
- DSI/Mintek-Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-BioLabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.R.S.); (N.R.S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa;
| | - Donavon C. Hiss
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (O.E.E.)
- Correspondence:
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Synthesis of (Z)-3-(arylamino)-1-(3-phenylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones as potential cytotoxic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127432. [PMID: 32717368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The new derivatives based on (Z)-3-(arylamino)-1-(3-phenylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one scaffold was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic potential against a panel of cancer cell lines, viz., A549 (human lung cancer), HCT-116 (human colorectal cancer), B16F10 (murine melanoma cancer), BT-474 (human breast cancer), and MDA-MB-231 (human triple-negative breast cancer). Among them, many of the synthesized compounds exhibited promising cytotoxic potential against the panel of tested cancer cell lines with IC50 <30 µM. Based on the preliminary screening results, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the compounds was established. Among the synthesized compounds, 15i displayed a potential anti-proliferative activity against HCT-116 cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 1.21 ± 0.14 µM. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that compound 15i arrested the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, clonogenic assay, acridine orange staining, DAPI nuclear staining, measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and annexin V-FITC assays revealed that compound 15i promoted cell death through apoptosis.
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Shaik SP, Reddy TS, Sunkari S, Rao AVS, Babu KS, Bhargava SK, Kamal A. Synthesis of Benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-Propenone Conjugates as Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Inducing Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:347-355. [PMID: 30479221 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666181127112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer can be considered as a disease in which normal cells start behaving badly, multiplying uncontrollably, ignoring signals to stop and accumulating to form a mass that is generally termed as a tumor. Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a physiological process that enables organisms to control their cell numbers in many developmental and physiological settings and to eliminate unwanted cells and it plays essential role in chemotherapy-induced tumor-cell killing. The correct balance between apoptosis and inhibition of apoptosis is important in animal development as well as in tissue homeostasis. The aim of this paper is to introduce the readers about the design strategy and synthesis of effective cytotoxic and apoptotic inducing agents based on benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole scaffold. METHODS Benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-propenone conjugates were synthesized by the condensation of 7- methoxy-2-(aryl)benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-yl)prop-2-yn-1-ones with aryl/hetero aryl amines in ethanol at room temperature. These in turn were obtained from 7-methoxy-2-(aryl)benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-3- carbaldehydes on treatment with ethynylmagnesium bromide followed by oxidation. RESULTS 3-Arylaminopropenone linked 2-arylbenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole conjugates prepared in this investigation exhibited significant cytotoxic activity and arrested HeLa cancer cells in G1 phase. The treatment of the conjugate led to 40% of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DΨm) in HeLa cells and 4 fold increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, it induces apoptosis in HeLa cells, this was examined by the wound healing assay, Actin filaments and Hoechst staining assay. CONCLUSION The encouraging biological profile exhibited by these 3-arylaminopropenone 2-aryl linked benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole conjugates demonstrate that they have the potential to be developed as a lead by further structural modifications to obtain potential chemotherapeutic agents that are likely to target the HeLa cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddiq P Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110 025, India
| | - Telukutta S Reddy
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.,Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Satish Sunkari
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110 025, India
| | - Ayinampudi V S Rao
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110 025, India.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Korrapati S Babu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110 025, India.,School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Raju SK, Almansour AI, Natarajan A, Mohammad F. Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Mechanistic Investigation of Novel Hexacyclic Cage-Like Hybrid Heterocycles. Molecules 2019; 24:E3820. [PMID: 31652778 PMCID: PMC6864531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel hexacyclic cage-like hybrid heterocycles have been synthesized in excellent yields employing a relatively less explored non-stabilized azomethine ylides derived from acenaphthenequinone and tyrosine with functionalized dipolarophiles using [3 + 2] cycloaddition strategy. The synthesized hexacyclic cage-like hybrid heterocycles were characterized by spectroscopic analysis. Following the physical characterization, these cage-like hybrid heterocycles were tested for their biological activity by means of different cancer (A549 and Jurkat cells) and non-cancer (BRL-3A and PCS-130) in vitro cell culture systems. The results of the study under tested concentrations (up to 100 μM) indicated that these compounds are not affecting any viability to the cell growth of non-cancer cells, while providing significant anticancer activity against both of the cancer cells. Further analysis of in-depth mechanistic study for the cell death indicated that these compounds are exhibiting late apoptosis or early necrosis pathway to the cells where it is operated by the induction of caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Raju
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arumugam Natarajan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faruq Mohammad
- Surfactants Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Salah Ayoup M, Wahby Y, Abdel-Hamid H, Ramadan ES, Teleb M, Abu-Serie MM, Noby A. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel α-acyloxy carboxamides via Passerini reaction as caspase 3/7 activators. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 168:340-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Al-Oudat BA, Alqudah MA, Audat SA, Al-Balas QA, El-Elimat T, Hassan MA, Frhat IN, Azaizeh MM. Design, synthesis, and biologic evaluation of novel chrysin derivatives as cytotoxic agents and caspase-3/7 activators. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:423-433. [PMID: 30774307 PMCID: PMC6349410 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s189476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a widely distributed natural flavonoid found in many plant extracts, honey and propolis. Several studies revealed that chrysin possesses multiple biological activities including anti-cancer effects. It has been established that activation of apoptosis is the key molecular mechanism responsible for the cytotoxic potential of chrysin. The objective of this study was to design and synthesize potent chrysin analogues as potential cytotoxic agents. Methods A series of chrysin derivatives (3a-m) bearing N'-alkylidene/arylideneacetohydrazide moiety were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against two human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 by applying the MTT colorimetric assay. Selected compounds were tested for their ability to induce apoptosis through caspase 3/7 activation in MDA-MB-231 cells only since MCF-7 cells lack procaspase 3. Results Compounds (3a-m) were obtained as geometrical isomers (E/Z isomers) in good yields upon treatment of hydrazide 5 with different aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. Most of the synthesized compounds demonstrated moderate-to-good activity against both cell lines. The cytotoxicity results revealed the importance of lipophilic moieties at C-4 position of ring D in imparting the cytotoxic activities to the compounds. Compound 3e with 4-benzyloxy substituent was found to be the most active among the synthesized compounds with IC50 3.3 µM against MDA-MB-231 and 4.2 µM against MCF-7 cell lines. The cytotoxic potential of compound 3e is comparable to that of the well-known anti-cancer agent doxorubicin. In addition, compounds substituted with fluoro (3b), nitro (3h), and dimethylamino (3j) exhibited good cytotoxicity with IC50 <6.5 µM against MDA-MB-231 and <12 µM against MCF-7. Selected compounds were able to induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells as indicated by caspase-3 and/or -7 activation. Conclusion Our results show that the newly designed chrysin derivatives exert anticancer activity in human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Therefore, they can be considered as leads for further development of more potent and selective cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buthina Abdallah Al-Oudat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan,
| | - Mohammad Ali Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Suaad Abdallah Audat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Qosay Ali Al-Balas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan,
| | - Tamam El-Elimat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan,
| | - Mohammad Abdelhafeez Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan,
| | - Islam Nawaf Frhat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan,
| | - Marwah Mohammad Azaizeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Behroozeh A, Mazloumi Tabrizi M, Kazemi SM, Choupani E, Kabiri N, Ilbeigi D, Heidari Nasab A, Akbarzadeh Khiyavi A, Seif Kurdi A. Evaluation the Anti-Cancer Effect of PEGylated Nano-Niosomal Gingerol, on Breast Cancer Cell lines (T47D), In-Vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:645-648. [PMID: 29580033 PMCID: PMC5980835 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.3.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer is a significant problem in modern medicine, also is the most common cause of death after
cardiovascular diseases, and in need of targeted drug release. Although, chemotherapy is an important candidate in
cancer treatment, but it has many side effects on healthy tissues of the body. Therefore, Nano technology is used
for specific function, by the least side effects and damage to normal cells. Materials and method: In this study, the
pharmacological properties of PEGylated Nano-niosomal Gingerol was examined. Noisome were prepared using reverse
phase evaporation method, which contains specific proportion of cholesterol, span60 and polyethylene glycol. Then,
PEGylated the prepared formulation by PEG6600. The amount of release and encapsulation of the drug was investigated.
The percentage of remains of cancer cell line T47D treated with PEGylated niosomal Gingerol. Results: The average
diameter of the nanoparticles, size distribution and zeta potential were reported for PEGylated niosomal sample 35.65
nm, 0.17 and 21 mv, and for PEGylated niosomal drug sample 256.9 nm, 0.23 and 28 mv, respectively. The amount
of OD for encapsulated drug was 0.198, also the amount of concentration of the drug which is not encapsulated, was
0.77947 μl of the drug per ml. This value of encapsulated drug was 76.38 percent. Conclusion: The results showed that
IC50 of the formulation of PEGylated nanoniosomal Gingerol is less than the standard drug. It seems, the cause of this
phenomenon is due to the effect of Polyethylene glycol, in more stability and slower drug release, in the formulation
of PEGylated niosome. Also, Polyethylene glycol makes increase in the drug dealing and its greater influence with the
target cell. In this study, more than 76% of the Gingerol drug in PEGylated nanoniosomal formulation were enclose.
Also, we could reduce the amount of drug release, as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aras Behroozeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Brach, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ,
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10
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Pro-apoptotic activity of nano-escheriosome based oleic acid conjugate against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced cutaneous carcinogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:295-302. [PMID: 28364601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM 2,6-Diisopropylphenol-oleic acid (2,6P-OLA) is an ester conjugate of oleic acid that has displayed a strong anticancer activity on different types of cancer cell lines (Khan et al., 2012). The present study is focused on the development of a nano-liposome-based approach for the delivery of 2,6P-OLA on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced cutaneous papilloma in experimental mice. For effective and specific delivery of the conjugate to the tumor site, it was incorporated into escheriosome (EC); an Escherichia coli lipid nanoparticle. MATERIALS AND METHODS I determined the size, zeta-potential, entrapment and release efficacy of 2,6P-OLA-EC nano-formulation. The consequence of 2,6P-OLA-EC treatment was initially analyzed by regression in tumor volume, inhibition of cutaneous papilloma and survival of treated mice. Its anticancer activity was further examined by histopathology, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and electroblot-immuno assay of apoptotic factors. RESULTS Distinct disperse circular shaped EC nanoparticles showed slow and sustained release of therapeutic concentration of 2,6P-OLA in the surrounding milieu. 2,6P-OLA-EC significantly reduced tumor volume and inhibited onset of new papilloma. Treatment with nano-formulation revealed induced caspase-9 activity and noteworthy apoptotic response as visualized by fluorescence microscopy and TUNEL assay. Electroblot-immuno analysis revealed significant modulation of p53wt and p53mut expression levels. CONCLUSION The results suggest the therapeutic potential of 2,6P-OLA entrapped in nano-escheriosomes against cutaneous papilloma and can become a promising system against various forms of cancer as well.
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Mohamadi N, Kazemi SM, Mohammadian M, Toofani Milani A, Moradi Y, Yasemi M, Ebrahimi far M, Mazloumi Tabrizi M, Ebrahimi Shahmabadi H, Akbarzadeh Khiyavi A. Toxicity of Cisplatin-Loaded Poly Butyl Cyanoacrylate Nanoparticles in a Brain Cancer Cell Line: Anionic Polymerization Results. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:629-632. [PMID: 28440967 PMCID: PMC5464476 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.3.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important issues in modern medicine and the most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases in many countries. Brain cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death among men and women, ranking third. Chemotherapeutic drugs that aim to prevent uncontrolled proliferation of cells in tissues of the body and induce apoptosis of tumor cells are prominent candidates for development. Since cisplatin has an apoptosis-inducing role, it is widely used as an anticancer agent. In this research, toxicity of cisplatin was studied with the C6 rat glioma cell lined using the MTT method. In addition, nanoparticles underwent SEM microscopic imaging. Particle average size, size distribution, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of poly butyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles were found to be 222 nm, 0.470 ± 0.04 and 5.1 ± 0.2 mV, respectively. The results showed that nanoconjugates of cisplatin have more cytotoxic effects on C6 cells than the free drug (P<0.05), pointing to an enhanced potential of the synthesized nano-particles as a new nanocarrier for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejad Mohamadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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SINGH ANILK, BHARDWAJ JITENDERK, OLIVAL ANA, KUMAR YOGESH, PODDER AVIJIT, MAHESHWARI ANKUR, AGRAWAL RENUKA, LATHA N, SINGH BRAJENDRAK, TOMÁS HELENA, RODRIGUES JOÃO, KISHAN RAM, RUPINI B, RATHI BRIJESH. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of Arylpiperazine-based novel Phthalimides: Active inducers of testicular germ cell apoptosis. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-016-1122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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13
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Xu W, Zhao M, Wang Y, Zhu H, Wang Y, Zhao S, Wu J, Peng S. Design, synthesis, and in vivo evaluations of benzyl N ω-nitro-N α-(9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carbonyl)- l-argininate as an apoptosis inducer capable of decreasing the serum concentration of P-selectin. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00215c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of findings suggest that the discovery of in vivo apoptosis inducers for chemotherapy is of clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Xu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
| | - Ming Zhao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
| | - Yuji Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
| | - Haimei Zhu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
| | - Yaonan Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
| | - Shurui Zhao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
| | - Shiqi Peng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
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14
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Saffari Z, Zarabi MF, Aryapour H, Foroumadi A, Farhangi A, Ghassemi S, Akbarzadeh A. Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Inducing Activities of 2-Amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile Derivatives Loaded on Gold Nanoparticles Against Human Breast Cancer Cell Line T47D. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 30:140-9. [PMID: 25883420 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-014-0417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs, used for prevention of uncontrolled cell proliferation in certain tissues as well as inducing apoptosis in tumor cells, are important candidates for treatment of cancer. The synthesized 2-amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives effective on cancerous cells resistant to other drugs such as Paclitaxel were used due to their ability in induction of apoptosis. The growth inhibitory and inducing apoptosis activities were determined. In order to make it target-oriented, the best compound was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (NPs) by aspartic acid with chemical reduction method. Cytotoxicity effect of 2-amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives against the T47D breast cancer cell line was determined by MTT assay. The synthesis of gold NPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis and dynamic light scattering. To assess the effects of compounds on the process of apoptosis, staining methods with acridine orange-ethidium bromide and Hoechst staining by fluorescence microscopy and DNA fragmentation by the diphenylamine method were used. The synthesized compounds containing two NH2 groups on benzene rings, demonstrated more cytotoxicity effect. The effect of conjugation with gold NPs and the induction of apoptosis were studied with the best compound. The cytotoxicity effects of the synthesized 2-amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile compounds were changed by replacement of NO2 group on thiol ring with different chemical groups on the benzene ring. Analyses of treated cell lines by conjugated and non-conjugated forms of compounds verified their ability in inducing apoptosis while conjugated form demonstrated higher apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Saffari
- Department of Biochemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kordestan, Iran
| | - Maryam Farahnak Zarabi
- Department of Chemistry, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran ; Department of Pilot NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, 12 Farvardin Street, Jomhoori Avenue, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Aryapour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Farhangi
- Department of Pilot NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, 12 Farvardin Street, Jomhoori Avenue, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Ghassemi
- Department of Pilot NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, 12 Farvardin Street, Jomhoori Avenue, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Akbarzadeh
- Department of Pilot NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, 12 Farvardin Street, Jomhoori Avenue, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran
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15
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Ashrafuzzaman M. Aptamers as both drugs and drug-carriers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:697923. [PMID: 25295268 PMCID: PMC4177733 DOI: 10.1155/2014/697923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are short nucleic acid oligos. They may serve as both drugs and drug-carriers. Their use as diagnostic tools is also evident. They can be generated using various experimental, theoretical, and computational techniques. The systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment which uses iterative screening of nucleic acid libraries is a popular experimental technique. Theory inspired methodology entropy-based seed-and-grow strategy that designs aptamer templates to bind specifically to targets is another one. Aptamers are predicted to be highly useful in producing general drugs and theranostic drugs occasionally for certain diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and so on. They bind to various targets like lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, small organic compounds, and even entire organisms. Aptamers may also serve as drug-carriers or nanoparticles helping drugs to get released in specific target regions. Due to better target specific physical binding properties aptamers cause less off-target toxicity effects. Therefore, search for aptamer based drugs, drug-carriers, and even diagnostic tools is expanding fast. The biophysical properties in relation to the target specific binding phenomena of aptamers, energetics behind the aptamer transport of drugs, and the consequent biological implications will be discussed. This review will open up avenues leading to novel drug discovery and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ashrafuzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Kim DY, Chung SI, Ro SW, Paik YH, Lee JI, Jung MK, Lee MG, Park YN, Lee KS, Park JG, Park HD, Han KH. Combined effects of an antioxidant and caspase inhibitor on the reversal of hepatic fibrosis in rats. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1481-91. [PMID: 24045874 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We sought to determine the hepatic fibrosis-reversal effects upon simultaneous administration of lithospermate B (LAB), an anti-oxidant, and nivocasan, a caspase inhibitor, to rats compared with each compound alone. Liver fibrosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by thioacetamide (TAA). Rats were treated with TAA and then given LAB and (or) nivocasan. Fibrotic areas were evaluated quantitatively by computerized morphometry. Apoptosis was assessed using a TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemical staining for malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) was performed to assess oxidative stress levels. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify expression of fibrosis-related genes. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was significantly reduced in rats treated with LAB and nivocasan compared to either treatment alone (P < 0.001). Treatment with each compound significantly decreased expression of fibrosis-related genes, such as type I collagen α1 (col1α1), α-SMA and TGF-β1 (P < 0.05). Co-treatment with LAB and nivocasan further reduced col1α1 expression compared to treatment with either compound. A TUNEL assay revealed that hepatocyte apoptosis was significantly decreased in the group treated with nivocasan compared to other groups (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed a decrease in MDA and 4HNE, reflecting amelioration of oxidative stress, when LAB or LAB+nivocasan was administered compared to nivocasan alone (P < 0.01). Nivocasan was found to inhibit caspase-1, -3, -7, -9 and gliotoxin-induced death of rat-derived hepatic stellate cells was inhibited by nivocasan administration without overexpression of α-SMA. CONCLUSIONS Co-incidental administration of LAB and nivocasan suppressed oxidative stress and apoptosis, resulting in enhanced reversal of hepatic fibrosis in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea,
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17
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Sobarzo NQ, Venegas IM, Sánchez CS, Catalán LE, Rojas CC, Valdivia VU, García JV, Fritis MC. Synthesis of a new ent-cyclozonarone angular analog, and comparison of its cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects with ent-cyclozonarone. Molecules 2013; 18:5517-30. [PMID: 23669634 PMCID: PMC6270499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a newangular analog 11 of cyclozonarone was achieved via Diels-Alder reaction between a sesquiterpene-1,3-diene and 1,4-benzoquinone. The cytotoxic activity of ent-cyclozonarone [(+)-10] and the angular (-)-cyclozonarone analog 11 has been determined in three human cancer cell lines and in normal fibroblasts using the sulforhodamine B assay. The analyzed isomers induce cell death in different cancer cell lines by eliciting nuclear condensation and fragmentation, decreasing mitochondrial membrane permeability and increasing caspase-3 activity, all traits indicating apoptosis, with the effects of (+)-10 being stronger than those of 11 in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Montenegro Venegas
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña N° 1093, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Cristian Salas Sánchez
- Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna N° 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Espinoza Catalán
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España N° 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Carrasco Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Hontaneda N° 2664, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Valentina Ulloa Valdivia
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Hontaneda N° 2664, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Joan Villena García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Hontaneda N° 2664, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mauricio Cuellar Fritis
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña N° 1093, Valparaíso, Chile
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18
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Diterpenylhydroquinones from natural ent-labdanes induce apoptosis through decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Molecules 2013; 18:5348-59. [PMID: 23666003 PMCID: PMC6269903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the cytotoxic effects of seven ent-labdane derivatives 1–7 (0–100 μM) in different human cancer cell lines. Our results showed that compounds 1–3 exhibited significant dose-dependent inhibition on the growth of the three different human cell lines, according to the sulphorhodamine B assay and produced morphological changes consistent with apoptosis, as confirmed by Hoestch 3342 staining analysis. They induced apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, as shown by nuclear condensation and fragmentation and caspase 3 activation. Such induction was associated with the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential. These activities led to the cleavage of caspases and the trigger of cell death process. Overall, the compounds showed potent proapoptotic effects on the two different cancer cell lines, suggesting that the compounds deserve more extensive investigation of their potential medicinal applications.
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19
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Apoptotic effect of propyl gallate in activated rat hepatic stellate cells. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:2205-10. [PMID: 23263816 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-1219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a central role in liver fibrosis. Inhibition of HSC growth and induction of apoptosis have been proposed as therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of liver fibrosis. Propyl gallate (PG) is an antioxidant widely used in processed foods, cosmetics and medicinal preparations. However, the anti-fibrotic effect of PG in liver injury is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether PG could induce apoptosis in activated HSCs. Treatment of activated HSCs with PG inhibited cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. PG induced apoptosis as demonstrated by morphological changes, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, caspase-3 cleavage, increased Bad expression, and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression. Through stimulation of the activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) by PG treatment, we demonstrated that JNK and p38 MPAK are not involved in PG-induced apoptosis using their specific inhibitors. Taken together, these findings indicate that PG induces apoptosis in activated HSCs. The potential anti-fibrotic effect of PG warrants further evaluation.
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20
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Khoshneviszadeh M, Edraki N, Miri R, Foroumadi A, Hemmateenejad B. QSAR Study of 4-Aryl-4H-Chromenes as a New Series of Apoptosis Inducers Using Different Chemometric Tools. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 79:442-58. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Huber K, Ghosh S, Hardy JA. Inhibition of caspase-9 by stabilized peptides targeting the dimerization interface. Biopolymers 2012; 98:451-65. [PMID: 23203690 PMCID: PMC3544179 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Caspases comprise a family of dimeric cysteine proteases that control apoptotic programmed cell death and are therefore critical in both organismal development and disease. Specific inhibition of individual caspases has been repeatedly attempted, but has not yet been attained. Caspase-9 is an upstream or initiator caspase that is regulated differently from all other caspases, as interaction with natural inhibitor X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)-baculovirus inhibitory repeat 3 (BIR3) occurs at the dimer interface maintaining caspase-9 in an inactive monomeric state. One route to caspase-9-specific inhibition is to mimic this interaction, which has been localized to the α5 helix of XIAP-BIR3. We have developed three types of stabilized peptides derived from the α5 helix, using incorporation of aminoisobutyric acid, the avian pancreatic polypeptide (aPP)-scaffold or aliphatic staples. The stabilized peptides are helical in solution and achieve up to 32 μM inhibition, indicating that this allosteric site at the caspase-9 dimerization interface is regulatable with low-molecular weight synthetic ligands and is thus a druggable site. The most potent peptides against caspase-9 activity are the aPP-scaffolded peptides. Other caspases, which are not regulated by dimerization, should not be inactivated by these peptides. Given that all of the peptides attain helical structures but cannot recapitulate the high-affinity inhibition of the intact BIR3 domain, it has become clear that interactions of caspase-9 with the BIR3 exosite are essential for high-affinity binding. These results explain why the full XIAP-BIR3 domain is required for maximal inhibition and suggest a path forward for achieving allosteric inhibition at the dimerization interface using peptides or small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Huber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | | | - Jeanne A. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
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22
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Zhang G, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhou C, Huang Q, Gong P. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Studies of Novel 2-Hydrazonylpyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-3(4H)-ones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 345:49-56. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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23
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Nicholls SB, Chu J, Abbruzzese G, Tremblay KD, Hardy JA. Mechanism of a genetically encoded dark-to-bright reporter for caspase activity. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:24977-86. [PMID: 21558267 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.221648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins have revolutionized modern biology with their ability to report the presence of tagged proteins in living systems. Although several fluorescent proteins have been described in which the excitation and emission properties can be modulated by external triggers, no fluorescent proteins have been described that can be activated from a silent dark state to a bright fluorescent state directly by the activity of an enzyme. We have developed a version of GFP in which fluorescence is completely quenched by appendage of a hydrophobic quenching peptide that tetramerizes GFP and prevents maturation of the chromophore. The fluorescence can be fully restored by catalytic removal of the quenching peptide, making it a robust reporter of proteolysis. We have demonstrated the utility of this uniquely dark state of GFP as a genetically encoded apoptosis reporter that monitors the function of caspases, which catalyze the fate-determining step in programmed cell death. Caspase Activatable-GFP (CA-GFP) can be activated both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in up to a 45-fold increase in fluorescent signal in bacteria and a 3-fold increase in mammalian cells. We used CA-GFP successfully to monitor real-time apoptosis in mammalian cells. This dark state of GFP may ultimately serve as a useful platform for probes of other enzymatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha B Nicholls
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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24
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Jiang M, Stanke J, Lahti JM. The connections between neural crest development and neuroblastoma. Curr Top Dev Biol 2011; 94:77-127. [PMID: 21295685 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-380916-2.00004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood, is an extremely heterogeneous disease both biologically and clinically. Although significant progress has been made in identifying molecular and genetic markers for NB, this disease remains an enigmatic challenge. Since NB is thought to be an embryonal tumor that is derived from precursor cells of the peripheral (sympathetic) nervous system, understanding the development of normal sympathetic nervous system may highlight abnormal events that contribute to NB initiation. Therefore, this review focuses on the development of the peripheral trunk neural crest, the current understanding of how developmental factors may contribute to NB and on recent advances in the identification of important genetic lesions and signaling pathways involved in NB tumorigenesis and metastasis. Finally, we discuss how future advances in identification of molecular alterations in NB may lead to more effective, less toxic therapies, and improve the prognosis for NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrong Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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25
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Doan ND, Bourgault S, Dejda A, Létourneau M, Detheux M, Vaudry D, Vaudry H, Chatenet D, Fournier A. Design and in vitro characterization of PAC1/VPAC1-selective agonists with potent neuroprotective effects. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:552-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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26
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Karthik D, Ravikumar S. Characterization of the brain proteome of rats with diabetes mellitus through two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Brain Res 2011; 1371:171-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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27
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Ding H, Shi J, Wang Y, Guo J, Zhao J, Dong L. Neferine inhibits cultured hepatic stellate cell activation and facilitates apoptosis: A possible molecular mechanism. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 650:163-9. [PMID: 20969858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neferine is a major alkaloid component of "Lian Zi Xin", embryos of the seeds of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner, Nymphaeaceae. Previous studies have shown that neferine has an inhibitory effect on pulmonary fibrosis through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities and inhibition of cytokines and NF-κB. However, it is unknown whether neferine also has an inhibitory effect on liver fibrosis through inhibition of TGF-β1 and collagen I and facilitation of apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells. This study examined the effects of neferine on cultured hepatic stellate (HSC-T6) cells and explored its possible action mechanisms by means of MTT assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow-cytometric annexin V-PI assay and Hoechst 33258 staining, as well as real-time PCR and western blotting. The results showed that neferine administration (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10μmol/l) significantly decreased the TGF-β1 and collagen I produced in HSC-T6 cells, and increased the HSC-T6 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Neferine treatment for 48h at concentrations of 6 and 10μmol/l significantly increased Bax and caspase 3 mRNAs and proteins, and reduced Bcl2 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNAs and proteins. Our data indicate that neferine efficiently inhibits cultured HSC-T6 cell activation and induces apoptosis by increasing Bax and caspase 3 expression via the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
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28
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29
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Miscione GP, Calvaresi M, Bottoni A. Computational Evidence for the Catalytic Mechanism of Caspase-7. A DFT Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:4637-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908991z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gian Pietro Miscione
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Universita’ di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Universita’ di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Bottoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Universita’ di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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30
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Soares GA, de Oliveira RB, de Andrade SF, Alves RJ, Zani CL, de Souza-Fagundes EM. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic activity of compounds with pro-apoptotic potential. Molecules 2009; 15:12-26. [PMID: 20110868 PMCID: PMC6256932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In our search for new anticancer therapies, some compounds synthesized in our lab were selected and their potential cytotoxic activity was evaluated in vitro against two cancer cells lines including a solid tumor (UACC-62, melanoma) and a human lymphoma (JURKAT). Compounds showing cytotoxic activity were subjected to an apoptosis assay. Two compounds showed promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Apicela Soares
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Renata Barbosa de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Alves
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos Leomar Zani
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Elaine Maria de Souza-Fagundes
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
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31
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Chantarasriwong O, Cho WC, Batova A, Chavasiri W, Moore C, Rheingold AL, Theodorakis EA. Evaluation of the pharmacophoric motif of the caged Garcinia xanthones. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4886-94. [PMID: 19907779 DOI: 10.1039/b913496d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of unique structure and potent bioactivity exhibited by several family members of the caged Garcinia xanthones, led us to evaluate their pharmacophore. We have developed a Pd(0)-catalyzed method for the reverse prenylation of catechols that, together with a Claisen/Diels-Alder reaction cascade, provides rapid and efficient access to various caged analogues. Evaluation of the growth inhibitory activity of these compounds leads to the conclusion that the intact ABC ring system containing the C-ring caged structure is essential to the bioactivity. Studies with cluvenone (7) also showed that these compounds induce apoptosis and exhibit significant cytotoxicity in multidrug-resistant leukemia cells. As such, the caged Garcinia xanthone motif represents a new and potent pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oraphin Chantarasriwong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC: 0358, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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32
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Witkowski WA, Hardy JA. L2' loop is critical for caspase-7 active site formation. Protein Sci 2009; 18:1459-68. [PMID: 19530232 DOI: 10.1002/pro.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The active sites of caspases are composed of four mobile loops. A loop (L2) from one half of the dimer interacts with a loop (L2') from the other half of the dimer to bind substrate. In an inactive form, the two L2' loops form a cross-dimer hydrogen-bond network over the dimer interface. Although the L2' loop has been implicated as playing a central role in the formation of the active-site loop bundle, its precise role in catalysis has not been shown. A detailed understanding of the active and inactive conformations is essential to control the caspase function. We have interrogated the contributions of the residues in the L2' loop to catalytic function and enzyme stability. In wild-type and all mutants, active-site binding results in substantial stabilization of the complex. One mutation, P214A, is significantly destabilized in the ligand-free conformation, but is as stable as wild type when bound to substrate, indicating that caspase-7 rests in different conformations in the absence and presence of substrate. Residues K212 and I213 in the L2' loop are shown to be essential for substrate-binding and thus proper catalytic function of the caspase. In the crystal structure of I213A, the void created by side-chain deletion is compensated for by rearrangement of tyrosine 211 to fill the void, suggesting that the requirements of substrate-binding are sufficiently strong to induce the active conformation. Thus, although the L2' loop makes no direct contacts with substrate, it is essential for buttressing the substrate-binding groove and is central to native catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold A Witkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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33
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Hardy JA, Wells JA. Dissecting an allosteric switch in caspase-7 using chemical and mutational probes. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:26063-9. [PMID: 19581639 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.001826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic caspases, such as caspase-7, are stored as inactive protease zymogens, and when activated, lead to a fate-determining switch to induce cell death. We previously discovered small molecule thiol-containing inhibitors that when tethered revealed an allosteric site and trapped a conformation similar to the zymogen form of the enzyme. We noted three structural transitions that the compounds induced: (i) breaking of an interaction between Tyr-223 and Arg-187 in the allosteric site, which prevents proper ordering of the catalytic cysteine; (ii) pinning the L2' loop over the allosteric site, which blocks critical interactions for proper ordering of the substrate-binding groove; and (iii) a hinge-like rotation at Gly-188 positioned after the catalytic Cys-186 and Arg-187. Here we report a systematic mutational analysis of these regions to dissect their functional importance to mediate the allosteric transition induced by these compounds. Mutating the hinge Gly-188 to the restrictive proline causes a massive approximately 6000-fold reduction in catalytic efficiency. Mutations in the Arg-187-Tyr-223 couple have a far less dramatic effect (3-20-fold reductions). Interestingly, although the allosteric couple mutants still allow binding and allosteric inhibition, they partially relieve the mutual exclusivity of binding between inhibitors at the active and allosteric sites. These data highlight a small set of residues critical for mediating the transition from active to inactive zymogen-like states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne A Hardy
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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Sirisoma N, Pervin A, Drewe J, Tseng B, Cai SX. Discovery of substituted N'-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)benzohydrazides as new apoptosis inducers using a cell- and caspase-based HTS assay. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2710-3. [PMID: 19369076 PMCID: PMC7126024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery of a series of substituted N'-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)benzohydrazides as inducers of apoptosis using our proprietary cell- and caspase-based ASAP HTS assay. Through SAR studies, N'-(4-bromo-5-methyl-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide (3g) was identified as a potent apoptosis inducer with an EC(50) value of 0.24microM in human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells, more than a 40-fold increase in potency from the initial screening hit N'-(5-bromo-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide (2a). Compound 3g also was found to be highly active in a growth inhibition assay with a GI(50) value of 0.056microM in HCT116 cells. A group of potentially more aqueous soluble analogs were prepared and found to be highly active. Among them, compound 4e incorporating a methyl piperazine moiety was found to have EC(50) values of 0.17, 0.088 and 0.14microM in human colorectal carcinoma cells HCT116, hepatocellular carcinoma cancer SNU398 cells and human colon cancer RKO cells, respectively. Compounds 3g and 4e were found to function as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sui Xiong Cai
- EpiCept Corporation, 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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35
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Discovery of substituted 4-anilino-2-arylpyrimidines as a new series of apoptosis inducers using a cell- and caspase-based high throughput screening assay. 2. Structure–activity relationships of the 2-aryl group. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2305-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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36
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Celhar T, Napotnik TB, Obreza A, Zega A, Anderluh PS, Kikelj D, Mlinaric-Rascan I. Azaphenylalanine-based serine protease inhibitors induce caspase-mediated apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 602:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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37
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Discovery of (naphthalen-4-yl)(phenyl)methanones and N-methyl-N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amines as new apoptosis inducers using a cell- and caspase-based HTS assay. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5725-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Kemnitzer W, Jiang S, Zhang H, Kasibhatla S, Crogan-Grundy C, Blais C, Attardo G, Denis R, Lamothe S, Gourdeau H, Tseng B, Drewe J, Cai SX. Discovery of 4-aryl-2-oxo-2H-chromenes as a new series of apoptosis inducers using a cell- and caspase-based high-throughput screening assay. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5571-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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39
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Kuemmerle J, Jiang S, Tseng B, Kasibhatla S, Drewe J, Cai SX. Synthesis of caged 2,3,3a,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-methanobenzofuran-7(6H)-ones: Evaluating the minimum structure for apoptosis induction by gambogic acid. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4233-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Kemnitzer W, Drewe J, Jiang S, Zhang H, Crogan-Grundy C, Labreque D, Bubenick M, Attardo G, Denis R, Lamothe S, Gourdeau H, Tseng B, Kasibhatla S, Cai SX. Discovery of 4-Aryl-4H-chromenes as a New Series of Apoptosis Inducers Using a Cell- and Caspase-Based High Throughput Screening Assay. 4. Structure–Activity Relationships of N-Alkyl Substituted Pyrrole Fused at the 7,8-Positions. J Med Chem 2008; 51:417-23. [PMID: 18197614 DOI: 10.1021/jm7010657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Kemnitzer
- Epicept Corporation, 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and Shire-Biochem Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 4A7
| | - John Drewe
- Epicept Corporation, 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and Shire-Biochem Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 4A7
| | - Songchun Jiang
- Epicept Corporation, 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and Shire-Biochem Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 4A7
| | - Hong Zhang
- Epicept Corporation, 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and Shire-Biochem Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 4A7
| | - Candace Crogan-Grundy
- Epicept Corporation, 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and Shire-Biochem Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 4A7
| | - Denis Labreque
- Epicept Corporation, 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and Shire-Biochem Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 4A7
| | - Monica Bubenick
- Epicept Corporation, 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and Shire-Biochem Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 4A7
| | - Giorgio Attardo
- Epicept Corporation, 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and Shire-Biochem Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 4A7
| | - Real Denis
- Epicept Corporation, 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and Shire-Biochem Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 4A7
| | - Serge Lamothe
- Epicept Corporation, 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and Shire-Biochem Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 4A7
| | - Henriette Gourdeau
- Epicept Corporation, 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and Shire-Biochem Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 4A7
| | - Ben Tseng
- Epicept Corporation, 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and Shire-Biochem Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 4A7
| | - Shailaja Kasibhatla
- Epicept Corporation, 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and Shire-Biochem Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 4A7
| | - Sui Xiong Cai
- Epicept Corporation, 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and Shire-Biochem Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 4A7
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41
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Dirscherl G, König B. The Use of Solid‐Phase Synthesis Techniques for the Preparation of Peptide–Metal Complex Conjugates. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Dirscherl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 9340 Regensburg, Germany, Fax: +49‐941‐943‐1717
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 9340 Regensburg, Germany, Fax: +49‐941‐943‐1717
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42
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Discovery and structure–activity relationship of N-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolin-4-amines as a new series of potent apoptosis inducers. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:222-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Discovery of 4-aryl-4H-chromenes as a new series of apoptosis inducers using a cell- and caspase-based HTS assay. Part 5: modifications of the 2- and 3-positions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 18:603-7. [PMID: 18077161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2007] [Revised: 11/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of our efforts to discover and develop apoptosis inducing 4-aryl-4H-chromenes as novel anticancer agents, we explored modifications at the 2- and 3-positions. It was found that replacement of the 3-cyano group by an ester, including methyl and ethyl ester, resulted in >200-fold reduction of activity. Conversion of the 2-amino group into an amide or urea resulted in 4- to 10-fold drop of activity. Similarly, converting the 2-amino group into a hydrogen resulted in 4- to 10-fold reduction of activity. Compound 3d was highly active with an EC(50) value of 29 nM and a GI(50) value of 6 nM in T47D cells. Importantly, the 2-H analog 3d was found to be much more stable under acidic conditions compared to the 2-NH(2) analog 3b, suggesting that 2-H analogs might have better bioavailability than the 2-NH(2) analogs.
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44
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Sciabola S, Carosati E, Cucurull-Sanchez L, Baroni M, Mannhold R. Novel TOPP descriptors in 3D-QSAR analysis of apoptosis inducing 4-aryl-4H-chromenes: comparison versus other 2D- and 3D-descriptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6450-62. [PMID: 17658263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel 3D-descriptors using Triplets Of Pharmacophoric Points (TOPP) were evaluated in QSAR-studies on 80 apoptosis-inducing 4-aryl-4H-chromenes. A predictive QSAR model was obtained using PLS, confirmed by means of internal and external validations. Performance of the TOPP approach was compared with that of other 2D- and 3D-descriptors; statistical analysis indicates that TOPP descriptors perform best. A ranking of TOPP>GRIND>BCI 4096=ECFP>FCFP>GRID-GOLPE>>DRAGON>>>MDL 166 was achieved. Finally, in a 'consensus' analysis predictions obtained using the single methods were compared with an average approach using six out of eight methods. The use of the average is statistically superior to the single methods. Beyond it, the use of several methods can help to easily investigate the presence/absence of outliers according to the 'consensus' of the predicted values: agreement among all the methods indicates a precise prediction, whereas large differences between predicted values (for the same compounds by different methods) would demand caution when using such predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Sciabola
- Laboratory for Chemometrics and Cheminformatics, Chemistry Department, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 10, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
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45
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Drewe J, Kasibhatla S, Tseng B, Shelton E, Sperandio D, Yee RM, Litvak J, Sendzik M, Spencer JR, Cai SX. Discovery of 5-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-7-phenyl-(E)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,4-thiazepines as a new series of apoptosis inducers using a cell- and caspase-based HTS assay. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4987-90. [PMID: 17562361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery of 5-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-7-(4-methylphenyl)-(E)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,4-thiazepine (2a) as an inducer of apoptosis using our proprietary cell- and caspase-based HTS assay. Through structure activity relationship (SAR) studies, 5-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-7-(2-methoxy-4-(methylthio)phenyl)-(E)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,4-thiazepine (5d) was identified as a potent apoptosis inducer with an EC(50) value of 0.08 microM in T47D cells, which was >15-fold more potent than screening hit 2a. Compound 5d also was found to be highly active in a growth inhibition assay with a GI(50) value of 0.05 microM in T47D cells and to function as an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Drewe
- EpiCept Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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46
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Tanel A, Averill-Bates DA. Activation of the death receptor pathway of apoptosis by the aldehyde acrolein. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 42:798-810. [PMID: 17320762 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Revised: 11/26/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes such as acrolein are major components of common environmental pollutants. As a toxic by-product of lipid peroxidation, acrolein has been implicated as a possible mediator of oxidative damage to cells and tissues in a wide variety of disease states, including atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative and pulmonary diseases. Although acrolein can induce apoptotic cell death in various cell types, the biochemical mechanisms are not understood. This study investigates the implication of the death receptor pathway in acrolein-induced apoptosis. Exposure of Chinese hamster ovary cells to acrolein caused translocation of adaptor protein Fas associated with death domain to the cytoplasmic membrane and caspase-8 activation. Kp7-6, an antagonist of Fas receptor activation, blocked apoptotic events downstream of caspase-8, such as caspase-7 activation and nuclear chromatin condensation. Acrolein activated the cross-talk pathway between the death receptor and mitochondrial pathways. Bid was cleaved to truncated-Bid, which was translocated to mitochondria. Activation of the mitochondrial pathway by acrolein was confirmed by caspase-9 activation. Inhibition of activation of either the Fas receptor or caspase-8 partially decreased acrolein-induced caspase-9 activation. These findings indicate that acrolein activates the Fas receptor pathway, which occurs upstream of the mitochondrial pathway. Caspase-9 activation still occurred despite inhibition of the Fas receptor pathway, suggesting that acrolein could also trigger the mitochondrial pathway independent of the receptor pathway. These findings improve our understanding of mechanisms of toxicity of the reactive aldehyde acrolein, which has widespread implications in multiple disease states which seem to be mediated by oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Tanel
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, TOXEN, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, Succursale Centre Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada
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47
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Park EJ, Zhao YZ, Kim YC, Sohn DH. Bakuchiol-induced caspase-3-dependent apoptosis occurs through c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-mediated mitochondrial translocation of Bax in rat liver myofibroblasts. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 559:115-23. [PMID: 17292878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Revised: 12/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis may be reversible, possibly through the selective clearance of activated hepatic stellate cells/myofibroblasts by apoptosis. Hepatic stellate cells transdifferentiate into myofibroblast-phenotype cells in culture, a process that recapitulates hepatic stellate cell activation in vivo. Bakuchiol, a prenylated phenolic terpene isolated from the seed of Psoralea corylifolia L. (Leguminosae), reduced activated hepatic stellate cells when treated to rats during liver injury recovery period as demonstrated by alpha-smooth muscle actin immunostaining in rat liver and induced apoptosis in activated hepatic stellate cells/myofibroblasts as demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3, release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, translocation of Bax into mitochondria, and the proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in vitro. Bakuchiol-induced apoptosis was prevented by z-DEVD-fmk, a specific inhibitor of caspase-3, and z-VAD-fmk, a general caspase inhibitor, suggesting that bakuchiol-induced apoptosis occurs through a caspase-3-dependent pathway in vitro. Bakuchiol treatment stimulated the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in vitro. Pretreatment with SP600125 attenuated the bakuchiol-induced translocation of Bax into mitochondria, cytochrome c release into the cytosol, caspase-3 activation, and PARP cleavage. In contrast, preincubation with SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, and U0126, an ERK inhibitor, had no effect on bakuchiol-induced cell death and caspase-3 activity. Taken together, these findings indicate that bakuchiol induces caspase-3-dependent apoptosis through the activation of JNK, followed by Bax translocation into mitochondria in rat liver myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeon Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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48
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Lambert LA, Lambert DH, Mansfield P. Experimental models and questions in basic science research for pseudomyxoma peritonei. Recent Results Cancer Res 2007; 169:105-14. [PMID: 17506254 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-30760-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Lambert
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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49
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Lin JC, Ho YS, Lee JJ, Liu CL, Yang TL, Wu CH. Induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in human colon cancer cells by meclizine. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 45:935-44. [PMID: 17222494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Meclizine (MEC), a histamine H1 antagonist, is used for the treatment of motion sickness and vertigo. In this study, we demonstrate that MEC dose-dependently induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cell lines (COLO 205 and HT 29 cells). Results of a DNA ladder assay revealed that DNA ladders appeared with MEC treatment in COLO 205 cells at dosage of >50 microM. In addition, the total cell number decreased dose-dependently after treatment with MEC in COLO 205 and HT 29 cells. Using flow cytometry, the percentage of COLO 205 cells arrested at G0/G1 phase increased dose-dependently. Analysis of changes in cell-cycle arrest-associated proteins with Western blotting showed that p53 and p21 were upregulated after treatment with MEC. The kinase activities of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and CDK4 were suppressed in MEC-treated cells. As for apoptosis, MEC may induce upregulation of p53 and downregulation of Bcl-2, thus causing the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria and the translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the nucleus. This resulted in the activation of caspase 3, 8, and 9. Our results provide the molecular basis of MEC-induced apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in human colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Chang Lin
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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50
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Sirisoma N, Kasibhatla S, Nguyen B, Pervin A, Wang Y, Claassen G, Tseng B, Drewe J, Cai SX. Discovery of substituted 4-anilino-2-(2-pyridyl)pyrimidines as a new series of apoptosis inducers using a cell- and caspase-based high throughput screening assay. Part 1: Structure–activity relationships of the 4-anilino group. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:7761-73. [PMID: 16919962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-anilino-2-(2-pyridyl)pyrimidines has been discovered as a new class of potent inducers of apoptosis using a cell-based HTS assay. Compound 5a was found to arrest T47D cells in G2/M and induced apoptosis. SAR studies showed that a small and electron-donating group at the meta-position of the anilino ring is important for activity. A 20-fold increase in potency, from hit compound 4-(3-methoxyanilino)-2-(2-pyridinyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (5a) to lead compound 4-(2,5-dimethoxyanilino)-2-(2-pyridinyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (5l), was obtained through the SAR studies. Compound 5l is highly active with an EC50 value of 18 nM in the caspase activation assay in T47D breast cells. Interestingly, 5a and other meta-mono-substituted compounds were active against T47D cells but were not active against H1299 and HT29 cells, while 5l and other 2,5-disubstituted compounds were active against all the three cells. In a tubulin polymerization assay, compound 5l inhibited tubulin polymerization with an IC50 value of < 0.5 microM, while 5a was not active up to 50 microM.
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